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Chase Home for Children: Childhood in Progressive New England Katherine M

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Chase Home for Children: Childhood in Progressive New England Katherine M University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Graduate Masters Theses Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses 8-31-2016 Chase Home for Children: Childhood in Progressive New England Katherine M. Evans University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Evans, Katherine M., "Chase Home for Children: Childhood in Progressive New England" (2016). Graduate Masters Theses. 389. https://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses/389 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHASE HOME FOR CHILDREN: CHILDHOOD IN PROGRESSIVE NEW ENGLAND A Thesis Presented by KATHERINE M. EVANS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2016 Historical Archaeology Program © 2016 by Katherine M. Evans All rights reserved CHASE HOME FOR CHILDREN: CHILDHOOD IN PROGRESSIVE NEW ENGLAND A Thesis Presented by KATHERINE M. EVANS Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________________________ Christa M. Beranek, Research Archaeologist Fiske Center for Archaeological Research Chairperson of Committee ________________________________________________ David B. Landon, Associate Director Fiske Center for Archaeological Research Member ________________________________________________ R. Timothy Sieber, Professor Member _________________________________________ Stephen W. Silliman, Program Director Historical Archaeology Program __________________________________________ R. Timothy Sieber, Chairperson, Department of Anthropology ABSTRACT CHASE HOME FOR CHILDREN: CHILDHOOD IN PROGRESSIVE NEW ENGLAND August 2016 Katherine Evans, B.A., University of Virginia M.A, University of Massachusetts Boston Directed by Dr. Christa M. Beranek This thesis aims to further the study of childhood in archaeology through the examination of a children’s aid institution in Progressive New England. Specifically, this research explores how the Progressive and Victorian aims of Chase Home for Children, as expressed in primary sources, are manifested in the material culture. Chase Home participated in the larger Progressive movement in its mission to train children “in the practical duties, to encourage habits of honesty, truthfulness, purity and industry, to prepare them to take their position in life as useful members of society” (Children’s Home Pamphlet 1878). An analysis of small finds from excavations at Chase Home includes fragments of toy dolls, tea sets, marbles, and slate pencils and boards. These objects illustrate the Home’s physical progress towards its goals. Further analysis of the individuals who lived in Chase Home examines the effect of the institution on their life trajectories. This thesis aims to further the inclusion of children in archaeological analysis due to their importance in evaluating larger socio-cultural movements. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank each of my professors and mentors at UMass Boston and the Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological Research, specifically my committee members Drs. Christa Beranek, Dave Landon, and Tim Sieber. Appreciation extends to the many colleagues and iterations of cohorts I had the pleasure of knowing. A special thank you to Alix Martin and the whole Strawbery Banke Archaeology team for being such model collaborators on this project from beginning to end. And thank you to Sheila Charles for letting me reinterpret such an aptly excavated site. Another quick thank you to my previous colleagues at Monticello and the University of Virginia for showing me how fun and endlessly fascinating archaeology can be. A final extra big thank you to all my friends and family, especially Karen, Ray, and Kari, who helped remind me of my abilities and whose support reassured me that there was always a light at the end. A special thank you to James for infusing a bit of science-logic into my thinking and for putting up with a few boring weekends. Lastly, I must also thank Charlotte, my constant and mostly too close companion. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... x CHAPTER Page 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................1 Project Overview ............................................................................ 1 Research Aims ................................................................................ 3 Research Organization .................................................................... 4 Research Overview ......................................................................... 6 Introduction to the Site.................................................................... 9 2.THE STUDY OF CHILDHOOD........................................................... 14 Introduction ................................................................................... 14 G. Stanley Hall and Late 19th Century Ideas of Childhood .......... 14 Philippe Ariès................................................................................ 18 Childhood in Anthropology .......................................................... 19 Conclusions ................................................................................... 24 Material Culture of Children ......................................................... 24 Institutional Archaeology.............................................................. 29 Conclusion .................................................................................... 31 3.THE PROGRESSIVE ERA AND RISE OF CHILD PROTECTION AGENCIES ................................................................................... 32 Introduction ................................................................................... 32 Class Ideologies within the Progressive Movement ..................... 33 Children in the Progressive Movement......................................... 36 Establishment of Chase Home ...................................................... 40 Dedication of Chase Home ........................................................... 41 Objectives of Chase Home............................................................ 43 Organization of Chase Home ........................................................ 47 Finances of Chase Home .............................................................. 51 In-Kind Donations ........................................................................ 52 Mission of Chase Home ................................................................ 55 Contemporaries of Chase Home ................................................... 57 Conclusion .................................................................................... 60 4.ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ...................................................... 61 Excavations ................................................................................... 62 Features and Previous Structures .................................................. 64 Privy Feature ................................................................................. 65 Kitchen Ell .................................................................................... 69 Trash Pits ...................................................................................... 70 Material Culture in Depth ............................................................. 73 Small Finds ................................................................................... 75 vi CHAPTER Page Late Victorian America and the Rise of Youth Culture ............... 77 Toy Dolls ...................................................................................... 79 Toy Tea Service ............................................................................ 82 Marbles ......................................................................................... 84 Artifacts of Education ................................................................... 87 Introduction to Analysis ................................................................ 89 Gendered Play and Learning ......................................................... 90 Revolutions in Education .............................................................. 96 Children’s Magazines ................................................................... 98 Conclusions ................................................................................. 100 5.ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................103 After Chase Home ....................................................................... 103 Discussion ................................................................................... 105 Conclusion .................................................................................. 106 Importance of Study
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