DOCSLIB.ORG

Ankylosing Spondylitis: Asthma: Atopic Dermatitis: Behavioral Health

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Asthma: Atopic Dermatitis: Behavioral Health Ankylosing Spondylitis: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory arthritis that causes some vertebrae in the spine to fuse together which makes the spine less flexible and can lead to severe, chronic pain and discomfort. The cause of AS is unknown but is thought to be the result of certain genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no cure for AS. However, there are treatment and medications available to relieve pain, reduce swelling in joints, slow down or stop joint damage and increase quality of life overall. Available medications are typically taken either by mouth or as an injection and improvement can be enhanced by exercise, maintenance of good posture, stress reduction and physical therapy. Asthma: Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the airways are often inflamed or swollen which makes it harder for air to move into and out of the lungs. With asthma, the lungs are extremely sensitive, and inflammation can be triggered by things such as changes in weather, dust, smoke, chemicals or pet dander. There are a variety of medications available to help with long-term treatment, as well as quick relief of symptoms during an asthma attack. Along with medication, it is important to know what your specific triggers are and work to find ways to avoid them if possible. Your doctor will determine the best treatment based on your triggers, severity of symptoms and how often symptoms occur. Atopic Dermatitis: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is also more commonly known as eczema. It appears as a red, itchy rash normally on the cheeks, arms and legs. It is mostly seen in children as early as 2 to 3 months old; however, it can also be seen in adults. The exact cause of AD is unknown, but it is known that people who have asthma and/or severe seasonal allergies have a higher likelihood of developing the condition. Identifying triggers of symptoms is extremely important in the management of AD. These triggers can include: dry skin, stress, allergens, hormones, temperature changes and chemical irritants. AD is typically treated with topical and immunosuppressant drugs but should be accompanied by consistent skin care focused on bathing and moisturizing. It is also important to avoid scratching or rubbing affected areas as this can lead to infection. Behavioral Health: Many common mental disorders fall under the umbrella of behavioral health. Some examples are anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse disorders and psychotic disorders. Depression is the most common mental disorder affecting millions of Americans. The causes of these disorders are not always completely understood, but genetics is believed to play a role. Environmental factors or life experiences and drug use have also been linked to behavioral health disorders. Many medications are available for the treatment of these disorders, and it is common for a behavioral health patient to take more than one. These medications are always more effective when used in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy. Crohn’s Disease: Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. It can develop at any part of the digestive tract, but it most commonly occurs at the end of the small intestine. This inflammation can result in abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. The exact cause of Crohn’s disease is unknown but factors such as heredity, environment and immune system malfunction play a role in the development. It is common with this disease for patients to go through a period where they experience no symptoms at all. This can last for weeks to years; however, these symptoms can recur without warning. There is currently no cure for Crohn’s disease but there are medications that can used to reduce inflammation and treat symptoms. Endometriosis: Endometriosis is an often-painful disorder in which the cells that normally line the inside of the uterus grow outside of it. This disorder commonly involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes and tissue that lines the uterus. With endometriosis, the displaced tissue acts just as it normally would during each menstrual cycle, but it now has no way to exit the body and becomes trapped. This causes irritation and pain within surrounding tissues and could potentially cause issues with fertility or cancer. The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but hormones, surgeries, immune system disorders and retrograde menstruation are thought to be possible explanations. Growth Hormone Disorder: Growth hormone disorders are those that involve the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a gland located at the base of the brain and controls a variety of hormones in the body. One of these hormones is that growth hormone which is responsible for stimulation of growth, cell reproduction and cell regeneration. There are some people who have a disorder in which the pituitary gland will secrete growth hormone after the normal growth is complete. This can lead to enlargement of hands/feet as well as other parts of the body. The most common cause of this type of growth hormone disorder is a non-cancerous tumor in the pituitary gland which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone. On the other hand, a person can also have a deficiency of growth hormone. This is the result of the pituitary gland not secreting enough growth hormone which can lead to a decrease in overall growth and delayed puberty. This is typically seen more commonly in children. This deficiency can also be caused by a brain tumor at the site of the pituitary gland in addition to serious head injury, infection, radiation treatment or unknown causes. Treatment for these conditions involve hormone modulating agents. Hepatitis C Virus: Hepatitis C is a liver disease that is caused by the hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis C causes inflammation of the liver which can cause the liver to not work properly. It is spread through contact with the blood of the person affected. The disease progresses slowly and often shows no symptoms, so it is common for people to not even know they have it. Currently, is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C and the medications used to treat it are ones that slow or stop liver damage. Treatment often involves taking combinations of different antiviral medications to help fight the hepatitis C virus. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a skin condition that causes small and painful lumps to form under the skin most commonly seen on the underarms and groin. The bumps have potential to rupture, leaking a foul-smelling odor and can lead to infection. While the exact cause is unknown, HS is most common in overweight or obese people, smokers and women. Additionally, medical science has shown that HS is an immune disease in which your body produces too much of a protein called TNF-alpha, a protein known to induce inflammation. HIV/AIDS: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. It is spread by certain body fluids and, over time, can destroy so many cells of the immune system, that the body can no longer fight off infections. If left untreated HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This stage of HIV infection occurs when the immune system becomes so badly damaged that the person affected becomes extremely vulnerable to opportunistic infections. If left untreated, life expectancy is greatly diminished. The primary cause of HIV is the transmission of the virus through blood, needles, sexual contact and mother to fetus. The virus that causes HIV cannot survive outside of the human body for very long. There is no cure for HIV, so treatment is focused on controlling the virus and preventing progression to AIDS. Hypercholesterolemia: Cholesterol is an essential molecule that circulates in the bloodstream and makes up hormones and steroids. Most of the cholesterol found in the body is made by the liver, and the remainder is obtained from diet. A normal level of cholesterol is less than 200 mg of cholesterol per deciliter of blood. Hypercholesterolemia refers to levels exceeding this level of normal. The most common cause of hypercholesterolemia is eating foods rich in fats or that contain high levels of cholesterol. Additionally, it can be caused by underlying disease such as diabetes, liver disease, low thyroid levels or kidney disease as well as obesity or genetics. The main danger associated with hypercholesterolemia is that it increases risk for heart disease. Elevated levels of cholesterol can form plaques composed of fats that become large and decrease blood flow in blood vessels. There are no visible symptoms associated with hypercholesterolemia and can only be detected by blood tests. There are several medications used to decrease cholesterol levels, but all should be accompanied with dietary changes, increased exercise and attaining an ideal body weight. Irritable Bowel Syndrome-DIARRHEA: Diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome is a type of intestinal disease that is characterized by unpredictable bowel movements with frequent episodes of diarrhea. Symptoms can include: stomach pain, cramps, diarrhea, gas, bloating, rectal bleeding and urgency. The exact cause of IBS-D is unknown, and people may have it for more than one reason all of which vary from person to person. The primary known causes are communication issues between the brain and the digestive system, immune system problems, genetics, anxiety/depression and imbalances in gut microbiota. There are medications used to treat the symptoms of IBS-D, but medication therapy should be accompanied by diet changes and stress relief. Migraine: Migraines are a recurrent throbbing headache accompanied by other symptoms ranging from moderate to severe. Typically, these headaches occur on one half of the head and can last anywhere from 2 to 72 hours.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Natural History of Ankylosing Spondylitis As Defined by Radiological Progression SINEAD BROPHY, KIRSTEN MACKAY, AHMED AL-SAIDI, GORDON TAYLOR, and ANDREI CALIN
    The Natural History of Ankylosing Spondylitis as Defined by Radiological Progression SINEAD BROPHY, KIRSTEN MACKAY, AHMED AL-SAIDI, GORDON TAYLOR, and ANDREI CALIN ABSTRACT. Objective. Radiological status is an important objective endpoint in the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We investigated the disease development of AS using radiological change. Methods. The existing radiographs (n = 2284) of 571 AS patients attending the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases were scored retrospectively using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index. (1) Progression of disease was initially examined cross sectionally. Univariate analysis was used to examine factors associated with joint involvement. (2) Progression of disease was then examined longitudinally for patients with films at time of symptom onset. (3) Rate of progression of radiological change was calculated using longitudinal data of 2 sets of radiographs taken 10 years apart (patient number = 54). The results from this were used to extrapolate backwards to age at first radiological change. Results. (1) Progression to cervical spine disease was a function of: disease duration, severity of hip and lumbar involvement, and a history of iritis (p < 0.001). Lumbar involvement was associated with disease duration, age now, and severity of cervical and hip involvement (p < 0.001). Hip involvement was a marker for cervical disease and associated with disease duration (p < 0.001). (2) Longitudinal analysis revealed marked variation among patients with a slow general rate of progres- sion. (3) The progression of AS over any 10 year period is linear [first 10 years = 30% (SD 0.3) of potential change, 10-20 yrs = 40% (SD 0.3) change, 20–30 yrs = 35% (SD 0.4) change (p = 0.5)].
    [Show full text]
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis
    Henry Ford Hosp Med Journal Vol 27, No 1, 1979 Ankylosing Spondylitis Carlina V. jimenea, MD* Spondyllitisi , in the broad sense, means arthritis or inflam­ continuous bone." From these observations, Connor de­ mation of the spine. The term is derived from the Greek duced that the person "must have been immovable, that he words "spondylos," meaning vertebra, "-itis" for inflamma­ could neither bend nor stretch himself out, rise up, nor lie tion, and "ankylos," meaning bent or crooked. Ankylosing down norturn upon his side." Such a skeleton might appear spondylitis, therefore, is a chronic inflammatory disease of as illustrated (Figures 1 and 2).* the spine resulting in progressive stiffening with fusion ofthe various anatomical elements. Other early descriptions were reported by Wilks (1858), von Thaden (1863), Blezinger (1864), Bradhurst (1866), Virchow (1869), Harrison (1870), Flagg (1876) and Strum- History pell (1884).^ The most complete clinical description ofthe Ankylosing spondylitis has plagued man since antiquity. disease, however, is credited to von Bechterew, who in Ruffer and Reitti described the skeleton of a man living 1893 described what he thought was a new neurological during the third dynasty (2980 to 2900 B.C.) whose spinal disease characterized by stiffness ofall orpart of the spine, column, presumably in its entire length, was diseased and paresis of the muscles of the back, neck and extremities. transformed into a solid block because of new bone forma­ Later in 1897, Strumpell reported a group of cases with tion in the longitudinal ligaments. A skeleton found in progressive ankylosis ofthe spine and hip joints. In 1898, Nordpfalzdated (bytomb gifts enclosed)about400 B.C., was Marie described six cases characterized by an ascending reported by Arnold^ as showing similar changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Management of Thoracic Spine Pain in the Primary Care Setting
    Published by: Boulder Neurosurgical & Spine Associates CONNECTIONS Justin Parker Neurological Institute IN SPINE & BRAIN TREATMENT Volume 2 www.bnasurg.com • www.jpni.org Edition 1 Winter 2015 Evaluation and Management of Thoracic Spine Pain in the Primary Care Setting Pathologic processes that can cause thoracic Neurological and clinical examination may be spine pain include degenerative disc disease, unremarkable or demonstrate lower extremity congenital connective tissue or skeletal disor- sensory and/or motor deficit. Myelopathy symp- ders, traumatic and spontaneous vertebral toms are noted for patients with herniations fractures, vascular malformations, infections, above the conus medullaris or sphincter and as- spinal or meningeal tumors and metastases. sociated bowel or bladder dysfunction for the This article will briefly discuss the epidemiology, lesions compressing the cauda equina can also red flags, clinical symptoms, diagnostic studies be seen. Radicular pain is a common initial T11 compression fracture T5-T6 tumor and management of thoracic spine conditions symptom in lateral disc herniations and may re- exclude fracture, infection or tumors. Although that every primary care provider should know in solve spontaneously in the absence of objective not a diagnostic finding, disc calcifications are order to diagnose this condition and refer the neurological findings. Central disc herniations found in about 70% of patients with thoracic patient appropriately. can cause symptomatic cord compression (such disc herniations. Further MR imaging should be as myelopathy) with associated paresthesias performed for these patients to determine the Epidemiology below the level of the lesion and warrant an MRI Thoracic spine pain is less prevalent than neck amount of neural compression and confirm the and immediate referral for neurosurgical location and size of the disc herniation.
    [Show full text]
  • Atopic Disorders in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis M Rudwaleit, B Andermann, R Alten, H Sörensen, J Listing, a Zink, J Sieper, J Braun
    968 Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/ard.61.11.968 on 1 November 2002. Downloaded from EXTENDED REPORT Atopic disorders in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis M Rudwaleit, B Andermann, R Alten, H Sörensen, J Listing, A Zink, J Sieper, J Braun ............................................................................................................................. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:968–974 Background: The prevalence of atopic disorders in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is unknown. AS and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit divergent T helper (Th) cell cytokine patterns. Objective: To test the hypothesis that Th2 polarised atopic disorders may be decreased in Th1 polar- ised RA but increased in AS, which is characterised by an impaired Th1 cytokine pattern, by assessing the prevalence of atopic disorders in AS and RA. Methods: 2008 subjects (380 patients with AS, 728 patients with RA, 900 controls) from Berlin, Ger- many, were considered in this cross sectional study. A questionnaire incorporating questions from the European Community Respiratory Health Service (ECRHS) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol was mailed to all subjects. Disease severity was assessed by the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ). Results: 1271 (63.3%) people responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of any atopic disorder See end of article for was 24.6% (61/248) in patients with AS, 20.7% (111/536) in controls, and 13.1% (64/487) in authors’ affiliations patients with RA (p=0.0009 for AS v RA; p=0.001 for controls v RA). Hay fever was reported by ....................... 40/248 (16.1%) patients with AS, 82/536 (15.3%) controls, and 42/487 (8.6%) patients with RA Correspondence to: (p=0.002 for AS v RA; p=0.001 for controls v RA).
    [Show full text]
  • 009 Kln Ars ATURGAN.Qxd
    Clinical Research ENT Updates 2015;5(1):35–40 doi:10.2399/jmu.2015001009 A preliminary report on the prevalence and clinical features of allergic rhinitis in ankylosing spondylitis patients Arif Turgan1, Ahmet Ural1, Abdülcemal Ümit Ifl›k1, Selçuk Arslan1, Erhan Çapk›n2, Refik Ali Sar›3 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 3Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey Abstract Özet: Ankilozan spondilit hastalar›nda alerjik rinit s›kl›¤› ve klinik özelliklerine iliflkin bir ön çal›flma Objective: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical fea- Amaç: Bu çal›flman›n amac› ankilozan spondilit hastalar›nda alerjik tures of allergic rhinitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. rinit s›kl›¤› ve klinik özelliklerini araflt›rmakt›r. Methods: This cross-sectional, clinical study was performed on 64 Yöntem: Bu kesitsel, klinik çal›flma bir üniversite hastanesinin kulak patients (24 females, 40 males) between October 2011 and November burun bo¤az hastal›klar› klini¤inde Ekim 2011 – Kas›m 2012 aras›n- 2012. The Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire was carried da gerçeklefltirildi. Toplam 64 ankilozan spondilit hastas›na (24 kad›n, out to the patients with a recent diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. 40 erkek) “The Score for Allergic Rhinitis” (SFAR) anketi uyguland›. Skin prick test was performed to the cases who responded positively to Anket sonucuna göre alerjik rinit oldu¤u düflünülen olgulara deri tes- SFAR. Descriptive parameters, clinical features and skin prick test ti yap›ld›.
    [Show full text]
  • Spondyloarthritis (Spa) Diseases
    Spondyloarthritis (SpA) diseases Objectives : 1. Understand the basic of Spondyloarthritis 2. To differentiate between inflammatory and mechanical back pain 3. To be able to take full detailed history and examination related to spondyloarthritis 4. To understand the basic lab and genetics for SpA 5. Basics therapy for spondyloarthritis 6. To know the extra-articular features of SpA Done by : Team leader: Al Hanouf Al Jaloud Team Members: Abdullelah Al Saeed Munira Al Hadlg Rahaf Al Thunayan Saleh Mahjoub Revised by: Aseel Badukhon & Yazeed Aldossari Resources : Doctors slides + notes: dr. Mohammed Bedaiwi Step up to medicine Kumar & Clark’s clinical medicine Important Notes Golden Notes Extra Book Disclaimer!!!!: Slides that were skipped by the doctor have not been mentioned in the teamwork. Revisit Doctors slides for the whole content. Important Notes Before Studying: - All Spondyloarthropathies overlap and Share similar characteristics but differ in their main presentation. ● These common characteristic are: -ALL are seronegative -ALL have some association (especially AS!) with HLA-B27 Gene. -ALL might develop (Enthesitis, Dactylitis, Uveitis) - First line treatment is always NSAIDs - Know how to differentiate between Mechanical vs Inflammatory back pain. - Know how to differentiate between Axial vs peripheral SpAs. - Differentiate between Ankylosing spondylitis vs Psoriatic arthritis vs Reactive arthritis presentation and management. Group of diseases characterised as being Spondyloarthritis (SpA) diseases: seronegative. Predominantly Axial ● Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) ● Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) (same as AS but without X ray changes yet) Predominantly Peripheral ● Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) ● Reactive Arthritis (ReA) ● IBD related arthritis (ulcerative colitis/ Crohn’s disease) ● Undifferentiated Peripheral SpA Updated ASAS Concept of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) into Two Broad Overlapping Categories All these Diseases overlap and Share similar characteristics but differ in their main presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Surgical Management of Spinal Fractures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: a Case Series and Literature Review
    Case report East African Orthopaedic Journal SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL FRACTURES IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: A CASE SERIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW A. Kelly, FC Neurosurgery (SA), Dr. George Mukhari, Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa, A. Younus, FC Orthopedics (SA), Orthopaedic Surgeon, Helen Joseph Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and P. Lekgwara, FC Neurosurgery (SA), Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences university, Pretoria, South Africa Correspondence to: Dr. Adrian Kelly, P.O. Box Medunsa, Pretoria, South Africa. Email: adriankelly1000@yahoo. co.uk ABSTRACT Ankylosing spondylitis is a common disorder affecting 2 per 1000 individuals in the population. The hallmark finding is sacroiliitis with a variable degree of ascending spinal column involvement. Spinal fractures are a common complication and are characterized by instability, long lever arms across the fractured segment, and a high incidence of neurological injury. We describe a case series of three patients with ankylosing spondylitis, who incurred typical spinal fractures seen in these patients, and presented to our unit over a three-year period. Our management highlights several of the important principles that should be employed. We further reviewed the literature on the subject and provide a review of current thinking on the subject. Spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis most commonly occur in the subaxial cervical spine and at the thoracolumbar junction. Conservative management is fraught with a high complication rates which includes pneumonia and secondary neurological injury and several studies recognize the advantages of early instrumented fixation and mobilization. As such these fractures are best managed surgically and there is a global trend towards this as the standard of care.
    [Show full text]
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis Versus Internal Disc Disruption
    Case Report iMedPub Journals Spine Research 2017 http://www.imedpub.com/ Vol.3 No.1:4 ISSN 2471-8173 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8173.10004 Ankylosing Spondylitis Versus Internal Disc Disruption: A Case Report Treated Successfully with Intradiscal Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Richard G Chang, Nicole R Hurwitz, Julian R Harrison, Jennifer Cheng, and Gregory E Lutz Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA Rec date: Feb 25, 2017; Acc date: April 7, 2017; Pub date: April 11, 2017 Corresponding author: Gregory E Lutz, Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA, E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Chang RG, Hurwitz NR, Harrison JR, et al. Ankylosing Spondylitis Versus Internal Disc Disruption: A Case Report Treated Successfully with Intradiscal Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection. Spine Res 2017, 3: 4. Abbreviations: AS: Ankylosing Spondylitis; IDD: Internal Disc Disruption; IVD: Intervertebral Disc; MRI: Magnetic Abstract Resonance Imaging; NSAID: Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drug; PRP: Platelet-Rich Plasma; PSIS: We report the case of a 21-year-old female who Posterior Superior Iliac Spines; SI: Sacroiliac presented with severe disabling low back pain radiating to both buttocks for 1 year. She was initially diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) based on her complaints of persistent low back pain with bilateral sacroiliitis found on Introduction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints. The differential diagnosis of patients who present with Despite testing negative for HLA-B27 and lack of other positive imaging to support the diagnosis, she was still primarily low back and bilateral buttock pain without any clear treated presumptively as a patient with this disease.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Vrije Universiteit
    THE EVOLVING TREATMENT OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT THE EVOLVING TREATMENT OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. F.A. van der Duyn Schouten, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Geneeskunde op woensdag 6 mei 2015 om 11.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 ISBN: 978-94-6259-628-3 Copyright © 2015 JC van Denderen Cover: Ellen van Diek Layout: Persoonlijkproefschrift.nl, Matthijs Ariëns Printing: Ispkamp Drukkers, Enschede door Printing of thesis was financially supported by: Pfizer BV, Janssen-Cilag BV, AbbVie Johannes Christiaan van Denderen BV, Mundipharma BV, UCB Pharma BV, Will-Pharma BV. geboren te Kampen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without permission of the author. promotor: prof.dr. J.W.J. Bijlsma CONTENTS copromotoren: dr. I.E. van der Horst-Bruinsma dr. M.T. Nurmohamed Chapter 1 Introduction: 1. General introduction. 8 2. History of the disease ankylosing spondylitis. 11 3. History of therapy in ankylosing spondylitis. 21 4. Objectives and outline of this thesis. 29 Chapter 2 Efficacy and safety of mesalazine (Salofalk®) in an open study 41 of 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Chapter 3 Statin therapy might be beneficial for treating patients with 51 ankylosing spondylitis. Chapter 4 Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study of 57 leflunomide in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis.
    [Show full text]
  • Spondyloarthropathies RAJESH K
    Spondyloarthropathies RAJESH K. KATARIA, D.O., and LAWRENCE H. BRENT, M.D. Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (including Reiter’s syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease–associated spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These diseases are linked by their association with the HLA-B27 gene and by the presence of enthesitis as the basic pathologic lesion. Additional clinical features include inflammatory back pain, dactylitis, and extra-articular manifestations such as uveitis and skin rash. The history and physical examination are the major diagnostic tools, although radiographic evidence of sacroiliitis is helpful. Therapeutic options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and tumor necrosis factor- inhibitors. Early recognition and appropriate treatment can help to limit disability. (Am Fam Physician 2004;69:2853-60. Copyright© 2004 American Academy of Family Physicians.) he spondyloarthropathies are a or spondylitis may be seen on radiographs of diverse group of inflammatory the pelvis and lumbar spine. arthritides that share certain Although the spondyloarthropathies are genetic predisposing factors grouped together, they display distinct clinical and clinical features1 (Table features. It is likely that an interplay among T1).1-3 Their most characteristic feature is genetic, environmental, and immunologic inflammatory back pain.4 Enthesitis, another factors is responsible for the various clinical characteristic feature, involves inflammation manifestations of these diseases. Infection at sites where tendons, ligaments, or joint with an unknown organism or exposure to capsules attach to bone (Table 2). Enthesitis an unknown antigen in a genetically suscep- is believed to be the primary lesion in the tible patient (HLA-B27–positive) is hypoth- spondyloarthropathies, whereas synovitis is esized to result in the clinical expression of a the main lesion in rheumatoid arthritis.
    [Show full text]
  • Surgical Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis with Andersson Lesion
    CASE REPORT Surgical Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis with Andersson Lesion Fengguang Yang, Liang Yang, Enhui Ren, Yong Yang, Jing Wang and Xuewen Kang Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China ABSTRACT Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with an Andersson lesion may cause kyphosis. As the disease progresses, kyphosis gradually worsens. When conservative treatment does not improve the symptoms, surgery is often needed to correct the deformity. The optimal surgical approach for ankylosing spondylitis with kyphosis remains controversial. Here, we introduce our surgical procedure of pseudoarticular debridgement and osteotomy of the apical vertebrae of the Cobb angle. We found that both the kyphosis and associated symptoms improved significantly after 13 months of follow-up. Key Words: Ankylosing spondylitis, Andersson lesion, Kyphosis. How to cite this article: Yang F, Yang L, Ren E, Yang Y, Wang J, Kang X. Surgical treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with Andersson lesion. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019; 29 (Supplement 2):S135-S137. INTRODUCTION Physical examination revealed a C-shaped kyphotic Andersson lesion (AL) destroys the vertebral body or inter- deformity, a chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA) of 51º, vertebral disc and develops into ankylosing spondylitis limited left hip joint flexion, extension, abduction, (AS), in the late stages, usually because of minor adduction, rotation, increased muscle tension in both trauma. The lesion may cause back pain, neurological lower limbs, grade V muscle strength of both lower deficits, and progressive kyphosis, rendering treatment limbs, and lower limb skin tautness. The normal physiological reflexes were present and no pathology essential.1 The goals of surgery are vertebral fusion, was noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin D and the HLA Locus Help to Explain the Relationship Between Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases
    Editorials Ryan, John Haughney and Wisia Wedzicha (who provided very Finally, we would like to record our debt of gratitude to the helpful strategic advice). team in the PCRJ editorial office, who have provided us with such As ever, we are extremely grateful to our superb team of stalwart support over many years. Led by Tricia Bryant and ably assistant, statistical, section and associate editors, as well as the supported by Gail Ryan, Helen McDonnell, Liz Stockman, and PCRS-UK and IPCRG representatives and everyone on the PCRJ Lynn Danzig, they have been the backbone of the journal. The International Editorial Board, for their support and guidance. We success of the PCRJ and its continued development is in no small must also thank everyone who has contributed their time and part a tribute to their dedication and hard work. expertise to review manuscripts for the PCRJ in 2013; this work, Conflicts of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of undertaken despite very busy schedules by experts in their field, interest in relation to this article. is fundamental to our success in publishing high quality peer- reviewed articles, and we are enormously grateful. The list of Online 28th February 2014 © 2014 Primary Care Respiratory Society UK. All rights reserved PCRJ 2013 reviewers is available online at www.thepcrj.org as an http://dx.doi.org/10.4104/pcrj.2014.00022 appendix to this editorial. Prim Care Respir J 2014; 23(1): 1-2 Vitamin D and the HLA locus help to explain the relationship between autoimmune and allergic diseases autoimmune diseases: psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis/ankylosing See linked article by Maas et al.
    [Show full text]