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Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy

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Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy DOCUMENT RESUME ED 456 171 UD 034 268 AUTHOR Kirby, Douglas TITLE Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs To Reduce Teen Pregnancy. INSTITUTION National Campaign To Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Los Altos, CA.; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ.; William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.; Target Stores/Dayton Hudson Corp.; Mott (C.S.) Foundation, Flint, MI. ISBN ISBN-1-58671-037-0 PUB DATE 2001-05-00 NOTE 242p.; Foreword by Sarah Brown. Also supported by the Summit and Turner Foundations. AVAILABLE FROM National Campaign To Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, #200, Washington, DC 20036 ($15). Tel: 202-478-8500; Fax: 202-478-8588; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.teenpregnancy.org). PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; *Adolescents; *Comprehensive School Health Education; Contraception; Early Parenthood; *Pregnancy; Program Effectiveness; Program Evaluation; Secondary Education; Sex Education; *Sexuality; *Youth Programs IDENTIFIERS Abstinence; Condoms; Risk Reduction; *Risk Taking Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ABSTRACT This report summarizes three bodies of research on teenagim pregnancy and programs to reduce the risk of teenage pregnancy. Studies included in this report were completed in.1980 or later, conducted in the United States or Canada, targeted adolescents, employed an experimental or quasi-experimental design, had a sample size of at least 100 in the combined treatment and control group, and measured the impact on sexual or contraceptive behavior, pregnancy, or childbearing. Six chapters focus on: (1) "Making the Case for Prevention Efforts: Adolescent Risk-Taking Behavior and Its Consequences"; (2) "Looking for Reasons Why: The Antecedents of Adolescent Sexual Behavior"; (3) "Assessing the Evidence: Factors Affecting the Strength of Research Results"; (4) "Emerging Answers: The Behavioral Impact of Programs To Reduce Adolescent Sexual Risk-Taking"; (5) "Looking Forward: Conclusions about the State of Research and the Effectiveness of Programs"; and (6)"Bringing It Home: Applying These Research Results in Communities." (Chapters contain references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. THE ,==3 NATIONAL CAMPAIGN PREVENT -1" EN PREANCY Emerging Answers RESEARCH FINDINGS ON PROGRAMS TO REDUCE TEEN PREGNANCY Douglas Kirby, Ph.D. MAY 2001 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION --\ Office of Educational Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS CENTER (ERIC) BEEN GRANTED BY /Thisdocument has been reproduced as c.i received from the person or organization originating it. triG6 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. 1,/teat4+ _gev.(41 Points of view or opinions stated in this TO THE ED AT ONRESOURCES document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or poky. BESTCOPYAVAILABLE THE IMATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT TEEN PREGNANCY BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman President Campaign Director THOMAS H. KEAN ISABEL V. SAWMILL SARAH BROWN Former Governor of New Jersey and Senior Fellow, President, Drew University The Brookings Institution CAROL MENDEZ CASSELL BRUCE ROSENBLUM Director, Community Coalition Executive Vice President, Television, Partnership Programs for the Warner Brothers Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, CDC STEPHEN W. SANGER LINDA CHAVEZ Chairman and Chief Executive Officer President, General Mills, Inc. Center for Equal Opportunity VICTORIA P. SANT ANNETTE CUMMING President, The Summit Foundation Executive Director and Vice President, KURT L. SCHMOKE The Cumming Foundation Former Mayor of Baltimore FRANIUE SUE DEL PAPA and Partner, Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering Attorney General, VINCENT WEBER State of Nevada Partner, Clark & Weinstock WILLIAM GALSTON JUDY WOODRUFF School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland Prime Anchor and Senior Correspondent, CNN DAVID GERGEN ANDREW YOUNG Editor-at-Large, U.S. News & World Report Former Ambassador to the U.N. and WHOOPI GOLDBERG Co-Chair, GoodWorks International Actress KATHARINE GRAHAM Chairman of the Executive Committee, Trustees Emerki The Washington Post Company CHARLOTTE BEERS DAVID A. HAMBURG, M.D. Chairman, J. Walter Thompson President Emeritus, Carnegie Corporation of New York IRVINGB.HARRIS and Visiting Scholar, Department of Psychiatry Chairman, The Harris Foundation Weill Medical College, Cornell University BARBARA HUBERMAN ALEKINE CLEMENT JACKSON Director of Training, Advocates for Youth National President, YWCA of the USA SHEILA JOHNSON JUDITH E. JONES Executive Vice President of Clinical Professor, Corporate Affairs, BET, Inc. Columbia University School of Public Health LESLIE KANTOR NANCY KASSEBAUM BAKER Vice President of Education, Former U.S. Senator Planned Parenthood of New York City DOUGLAS KIRBY C. EVERETTKoop,M.D. Senior Research Scientist, ETR Associates Former U.S. Surgeon General JOHN D. MACOMBER JUDY MCGRATH Principal, President, MTV JDM Investment Group KRISTIN MOORE SISTER MARY ROSE MCGEADY President, Child Trends, Inc. President and Chief Executive Officer, HUGH PRICE Covenant House President, National Urban League, Inc. JODY GREENSTONE MILLER WARREN B. RUDMAN Venture Partner, MAVERON, LLC Former U.S. Senator and JOHN E. PEPPER Partner, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison Chairman, Board of Directors, ISABEL STEWART Procter & Gamble Company National Executive Director, Girls Inc. THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN PREVENT EN PRETANCY Emerging Answers RESEARCH FINDINGS ON PROGRAMS TO REDUCE TEEN PREGNANCY Douglas Kirby, Ph.D. MAY 2001 4 Campaign Acknowledgments The National Campaign gratefully acknowledge its many funders. Special thanks go to the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Summit Foundation, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation for generously supporting all of the Campaign's activities. Thanks also to the Turner Foundation and the Target Group of Stores for their support of Campaign publications and to the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation for its sup- port of our research activities. The National Campaign would also like to extend special appreciation to our Senior Editor, John Hutchins, for his unflagging dedication and tireless hard work on this project. Although this is an authored paper, its publication would simply not have been possible without John's guidance and editorial insight. John is a graceful and thoughtful editor and his talent is reflected throughout this manuscript. The Campaign also wishes to thank Bill Albert, our Director of Communications and Publications, and Ingrid Sanden, our Communications and Publications Assistant, for their many contributions to Emerging Answers and for helping shep- herd this publication carefully through to production. Lastly, the Campaign extends warm appreciation to Christine Flanigan for her careful attention to the demographic information pro- vided in this and many other Campaign publications. Author's Acknowledgments The author would like to express a great deal of appreciation to John Hutchins and Sarah Brown for innumerable constructive suggestions for both the full volume and the summary, for their careful editing of both manuscripts, and for their continuous encouragement and support throughout the writing and editing of this volume. Without a doubt, this volume is more accu- rate, clear, and easy to read because of their efforts. Thanks also to Christine Flanigan for find- ing and checking statistics and to Ingrid Sanden for carefully editing the tables and references. And, finally, many thanks to the members of the National Campaign's Effective Programs and Research Task Force who read successive versions of this volume, offered many suggestions, and made sure that the reporting was accurate and balanced. In the end, however, the review's findings and conclusions are my own. @ Copyright 2001 by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. All rights reserved. ISBN: 1-58671-037-0 Suggested citation: Kirby, D. (2001). Emerging Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Design: ampth-sand graphic design, inc. 1700 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 401 Washington, DC 20009 5 EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS AND RESEARCH TASK FORCE Chair SARA MCLANAHAN, PH.D. DOUGLAS KIRBY, PH.D. Professor Senior Research Scientist Office of Population Research ETR Associates Princeton University BRENT MILLER, PH.D. Members Professor and Head CHIUSTINE BACHRACH, PH.D. Department of Family and Human Development Chief, Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch Utah State University National Institute of Child Health and Human Development KRISTIN MOORE, PH.D.* President ROBERT W. BLUM, M.D., PH.D. Child Trends, Inc. Professor and Director Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health SUSAN PHILLIBER, PH.D. Department of Pediatrics Senior Partner University of Minnesota Philliber Research Associates CLAIRE BRINDIS, DR.P.H. MICHAEL RESNICK, PH.D. Director Professor and Director Center for Reproductive Health Policy Research National Teen Pregnancy Prevention Research Center Institute for Health Policy Studies University of Minnesota University of California at San Francisco FREYA SONENSTEIN, PH.D.* SHERYLL D. CASHIN, J.D. Associate Professor of Law Director, Population Studies Center Georgetown
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