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Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally. -
AGENDA 6:00 PM, MONDAY, NOVEMEBR 20Th, 2017 COUNCIL CHAMBERS OCONEE COUNTY ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLEX
AGENDA 6:00 PM, MONDAY, NOVEMEBR 20th, 2017 COUNCIL CHAMBERS OCONEE COUNTY ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLEX 1. Call to Order 2. Invocation by County Council Chaplain 3. Pledge of Allegiance 4. Approval of Minutes a. November 6th, 2017 5. Public Comment for Agenda and Non-Agenda Items (3 minutes) 6. Staff Update 7. Election of Chairman To include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required. a. Discussion by Commission b. Commission Recommendation 8. Discussion on Planning Commission Schedule for 2018 To include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required. a. Discussion by Commission b. Commission Recommendation 9. Discussion on the addition of the Traditional Neighborhood Development Zoning District To include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required. a. Discussion by Commission b. Commission Recommendation 10. Discussion on amending the Vegetative Buffer [To include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required. a. Discussion by Commission b. Commission Recommendation 11. Discussion on the Comprehensive Plan review To include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required. a. Discussion by Commission b. Commission Recommendation 12. Old Business [to include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required] 13. New Business [to include Vote and/or Action on matters brought up for discussion, if required] 14. Adjourn Anyone wishing to submit written comments to the Planning Commission can send their comments to the Planning Department by mail or by emailing them to the email address below. Please Note: If you would like to receive a copy of the agenda via email please contact our office, or email us at: [email protected]. -
RECREATION GUIDE 2021 1 Your BUTTE FAMILY IS IMPORTANT to Our BUTTE FAMILY
2021 Kids Summer Fun Events Pg.27 Pg.8-9 Brought to you by BUTTE RECREATION GUIDE 2021 1 Your BUTTE FAMILY IS IMPORTANT TO our BUTTE FAMILY townpump.com 2 BUTTE RECREATION GUIDE 2021 BUTTE RECREATION GUIDE 2021 3 OUR MISSION e Butte-Silver Bow Parks and Recreation Department is committed to improving our community’s health, stability, beauty, and quality of life by providing outstanding parks, trails, recreational facilities and leisure opportunities for all of our citizens. Butte-Silver Bow Parks & Recreation at a glance: • More than two dozen parks (many with pavilions that can be reserved), numerous playgrounds, a 9 hole regulation golf course, a par-3 golf course, a clubhouse with golf simulators, two disc golf courses, a splash pad, and a wading pool • Ridge Waters: A family water park featuring two water slides, a lazy river, a zero depth entry children’s area, a climbing wall, a diving board, swimming lanes, rentable cabanas, and a concession stand • A new destination playground at Stodden Park • An extensive urban and rural trail system • ompson Park: e only dually managed municipal/National Forest Service park in the nation • Adult and youth programming, which include: volleyball, softball and pickleball and more • Two historic mine yards that are now event facilities • Community-wide special events CONTENTS Parks & Recreation Fast Facts…Page 6 Butte Arborist…Page 7 Ridge Waters…Page 8 We’re on the web! Stodden Park…Page 10 butteparksandrec.com ridgewaters.com Popular Urban Parks…Page 11 highlandviewgolf.com Recreational Facilities…Page 16 Find us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram! Mine Yards…Page 18 Rural Parks & Recreation Near Butte…Page 20 Thompson Park Map…Page 22 Butte Urban Map…Page 23 @ButteParks @ButteSilverBow @ButteParksandRec Highland View Golf Course…Page 25 Summer Fun Youth Events…Page 27 Regional Outdoor Opportunities… On the cover: Page 29 Cyclist in Thompson Park. -
Phase I Avian Risk Assessment
PHASE I AVIAN RISK ASSESSMENT Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project Delta County, Michigan Report Prepared for: Heritage Sustainable Energy October 2007 Report Prepared by: Paul Kerlinger, Ph.D. John Guarnaccia Curry & Kerlinger, L.L.C. P.O. Box 453 Cape May Point, NJ 08212 (609) 884-2842, fax 884-4569 [email protected] [email protected] Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project, Delta County, MI Phase I Avian Risk Assessment Garden Peninsula Wind Energy Project Delta County, Michigan Executive Summary Heritage Sustainable Energy is proposing a utility-scale wind-power project of moderate size for the Garden Peninsula on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in Delta County. This peninsula separates northern Lake Michigan from Big Bay de Noc. The number of wind turbines is as yet undetermined, but a leasehold map provided to Curry & Kerlinger indicates that turbines would be constructed on private lands (i.e., not in the Lake Superior State Forest) in mainly agricultural areas on the western side of the peninsula, and possibly on Little Summer Island. For the purpose of analysis, we are assuming wind turbines with a nameplate capacity of 2.0 MW. The turbine towers would likely be about 78.0 meters (256 feet) tall and have rotors of about 39.0 m (128 feet) long. With the rotor tip in the 12 o’clock position, the wind turbines would reach a maximum height of about 118.0 m (387 feet) above ground level (AGL). When in the 6 o’clock position, rotor tips would be about 38.0 m (125 feet) AGL. However, larger turbines with nameplate capacities (up to 2.5 MW and more) reaching to 152.5 m (500 feet) are may be used. -
Whispers from the Past
Whispers from the Past Overview Native Americans have been inhabitants of South Carolina for more than 15,000 years. These people contributed in countless ways to the state we call home. The students will be introduced to different time periods in the history of Native Americans and then focus on the Cherokee Nation. Connection to the Curriculum Language Arts, Geography, United States History, and South Carolina History South Carolina Social Studies Standards 8-1.1 Summarize the culture, political systems, and daily life of the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands, including their methods of hunting and farming, their use of natural resources and geographic features, and their relationships with other nations. 8-1.2 Categorize events according to the ways they improved or worsened relations between Native Americans and European settlers, including alliances and land agreements between the English and the Catawba, Cherokee, and Yemassee; deerskin trading; the Yemassee War; and the Cherokee War. Social Studies Literacy Elements F. Ask geographic questions: Where is it located? Why is it there? What is significant about its location? How is its location related to that of other people, places, and environments? I. Use maps to observe and interpret geographic information and relationships P. Locate, gather, and process information from a variety of primary and secondary sources including maps S. Interpret and synthesize information obtained from a variety of sources—graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, texts, photographs, documents, and interviews Time One to two fifty-minute class periods Materials South Carolina: An Atlas Computer South Carolina Interactive Geography (SCIG) CD-ROM Handouts included with lesson plan South Carolina Highway Map Dry erase marker Objectives 1. -
Unali'yi Lodge
Unali’Yi Lodge 236 Table of Contents Letter for Our Lodge Chief ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Letter from the Editor ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Local Parks and Camping ...................................................................................................................................... 9 James Island County Park ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Palmetto Island County Park ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Wannamaker County Park ............................................................................................................................................. 13 South Carolina State Parks ................................................................................................................................. 14 Aiken State Park ................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Andrew Jackson State Park ........................................................................................................................................... -
Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations. -
Parks for Kids Buddy Bison’S Fact Bites!
south carolina parks for kids Buddy Bison’s Fact Bites! • The state is also known as the “Palmetto State.” The palmetto tree appears on the 4. Devil’s Fork State Park state flag, created in 1861, Trek the Oconee Bells Nature Trail then go rent a boat to see some of the five waterfalls when South Carolina seceded in the park! Go swimming in Lake Jocassee from the Union. or go fishing. Camp overnight. 1. Congaree National Park • Bomb Island on Lake Pick up a self-guided tour brochure and hike 5. Huntington Beach State Park Murray houses about 750,000 along the Boardwalk Trail, then go on a “night walk” and see glowing mushrooms! Paddle Look for alligators and birds from the Mullet purple martin swallows each along the Cedar Creek Canoe Trail and look for Pond observation deck then walk along the summer. The flock is even www.parktrust.org turtles. marsh boardwalk. Play in the ocean or go fishing. Enjoy a picnic then end the day by the visible on Doppler radar! campfire. 2. Fort Sumter National • The name “Carolina” de- Monument 6. Hunting Island State Park rives from the Latin word for Charles honoring King Become a Junior Ranger! Participate in a ranger Visit the lagoon for good fishing or pelican program then explore the fort and learn about viewing and look for alligators near the visitor Charles I of England. American history. Go bird watching or try fishing center! Walk along the marsh boardwalk or visit and kayaking in the Charleston Harbor. the Hunting Island Lighthouse. -
Newsletter Vol 12.No. 1
Jocassee Journal Information and News about the Jocassee Gorges www.dnr.sc.gov Spring/Summer 2011 Volume 12, Number 1 Showing off the new monument honoring Dr. James A. Timmerman Jr. at the Jumping-Off Rock Overlook are (from left) Michael McShane, chairman of the S.C. Natural Resources Board; Tommy Miller, former board member; and DNR Director John Frampton. (DNR photo by Greg Lucas) Monument dedicated to Dr. Timmerman unveiled at Jocassee Gorges overlook DNR director was fond of saying, ‘God instrumental in South Carolina's purchase and protection visits the beaches, but He lives in the of more than 50 square miles of land surrounded by Lake Jocassee. By resolution of the South Carolina Senate, the mountains’ area was named "The Jim Timmerman Natural Resources A monument honoring Dr. James A. Area at Jocassee Gorges" on Dec. 7, 2000. Doc's Timmerman Jr., who helped protect thousands lifelong devotion to conservation is remembered with of acres of mountain lands, was dedicated Sept. swift mountain streams, rare plant habitats and the 13, 2010, at Jumping-Off Rock Overlook, the abundance of wildlife that combine to give Jocassee hallmark vista of the Jocassee Gorges. Gorges its unique character and scenic beauty. His "I honestly believe this view here is the most legacy for future generations is the preservation and spectacular in the state of South Carolina," said enhanced appreciation of our natural heritage. Doc John Frampton, director of the S.C. Department often remarked, "God visits the beaches, but He of Natural Resources (DNR), "and it absolutely lives in the mountains." would not have been possible without the vision Timmerman, who died in 2005, protected of Jim Timmerman." thousands of acres of land for conservation during A large contingent of family and friends Timmerman his tenure as director of the S.C. -
Coastal Zone Region / Overview
SECTION 9 COASTAL ZONE REGION / OVERVIEW Index Map to Study Sites 2A Table Rock (Mountains) 5B Santee Cooper Project (Engineering & Canals) 2B Lake Jocassee Region (Energy Production) 6A Congaree Swamp (Pristine Forest) 3A Forty Acre Rock (Granite Outcropping) 7A Lake Marion (Limestone Outcropping) 3B Silverstreet (Agriculture) 8A Woods Bay (Preserved Carolina Bay) 3C Kings Mountain (Historical Battleground) 9A Charleston (Historic Port) 4A Columbia (Metropolitan Area) 9B Myrtle Beach (Tourist Area) 4B Graniteville (Mining Area) 9C The ACE Basin (Wildlife & Sea Island Culture) 4C Sugarloaf Mountain (Wildlife Refuge) 10A Winyah Bay (Rice Culture) 5A Savannah River Site (Habitat Restoration) 10B North Inlet (Hurricanes) TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR SECTION 9 COASTAL ZONE REGION / OVERVIEW - Index Map to Coastal Zone Overview Study Sites - Table of Contents for Section 9 - Power Thinking Activity - "Turtle Trot" - Performance Objectives - Background Information - Description of Landforms, Drainage Patterns, and Geologic Processes p. 9-2 . - Characteristic Landforms of the Coastal Zone p. 9-2 . - Geographic Features of Special Interest p. 9-3 . - Carolina Grand Strand p. 9-3 . - Santee Delta p. 9-4 . - Sea Islands - Influence of Topography on Historical Events and Cultural Trends p. 9-5 . - Coastal Zone Attracts Settlers p. 9-5 . - Native American Coastal Cultures p. 9-5 . - Early Spanish Settlements p. 9-5 . - Establishment of Santa Elena p. 9-6 . - Charles Towne: First British Settlement p. 9-6 . - Eliza Lucas Pinckney Introduces Indigo p. 9-7 . - figure 9-1 - "Map of Colonial Agriculture" p. 9-8 . - Pirates: A Coastal Zone Legacy p. 9-9 . - Charleston Under Siege During the Civil War p. 9-9 . - The Battle of Port Royal Sound p. -
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas. -
Forwards License & Amends,Explaining Filing
CATEGORY 1 REGULRTDRY INFORMATION DISTRIBUT SYSTEM RIDS ACC SSIQN NBR:9904190147 DOC.DATE: 99/04/06 NOTARIZED: NO DOCKET # FACIL:50-269 Oconee Nuclear Station, Unit 1, Duke Power Co. 05000269 50-270 Oconee Nuclear Station, Unit 2, Duke Power Co. 05000270 50-287 Oconee Nuclear Station, Unit 3, Duke Power Co. 05000287 AUTH.NAME AUTHOR AFFILIATION ILDARI,H. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission RECIP.NAME RECIPIENT AFFILIATION WILSON,J. Records Management Branch (Document Control Desk) C SUBJECT: Forwards license & amends,explaining filing requirements for A FERC project 2503,as requested in 990301 ltr.Future operation of project not expected to change through current license term. DISTRIBUTION CODE: A001D COPIES RECEIVED:LTR I ENCL SIZE: E TITLE: OR Submittal: General Distribution G NOTES: 0 RECIPIENT COPIES RECIPIENT COPIES ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL LPD2-1 LA 1 1 LPD2-1 PD 1 1 LABARGE,D 1 Usesi Wh(Sowi I I INTERNAL: ACRS 1 1 LE C ER -01 1 1 NRR/DE/EEIB 1 1 NRR/DE/EMCB 1 1 NRR/DE/EMEB 1 1 NRR/DSSA/SPLB 1 1 NRR/DSSA/SRXB 1 1 NRR/SPSB JUNG,I 1 1 NUDOCS-ABSTRACT 1 1 OGC/HDS2 1 0 D EXTERNAL: NOAC 1 1 NRC PDR 1 1 0 C U M B NOTE TO ALL "RIDS" RECIPIENTS: PLEASE HELP US TO REDUCE WASTE. TO HAVE YOUR NAME OR ORGANIZATION REMOVED FROM DISTRIBUTION LISTS OR REDUCE THE NUMBER OF COPIES RECEIVED BY YOU OR YOUR ORGANIZATION, CONTACT THE DOCUMENT CONTROL DESK (DCD) ON EXTENSION 415-2083 TOTAL NUMBER OF COPIES REQUIRED: LTTR AT ENCL ;A FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.