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Judith and Sidney Swartz Director and Professor of Politics Repression and Protest in Saudi Arabia Shai Feldman Associate Director Kristina Cherniahivsky Pascal Menoret Charles (Corky) Goodman Professor of Middle East History and Associate Director for Research few months after 9/11, a Saudi prince working in Naghmeh Sohrabi A government declared during an interview: “We, who Senior Fellow studied in the West, are of course in favor of democracy. As a Abdel Monem Said Aly, PhD matter of fact, we are the only true democrats in this country. Goldman Senior Fellow Khalil Shikaki, PhD But if we give people the right to vote, who do you think they’ll elect? The Islamists. It is not that we don’t want to Myra and Robert Kraft Professor 1 of Arab Politics introduce democracy in Arabia—but would it be reasonable?” Eva Bellin Underlying this position is the assumption that Islamists Henry J. Leir Professor of the Economics of the Middle East are enemies of democracy, even if they use democratic Nader Habibi means to come to power. Perhaps unwittingly, however, the Sylvia K. Hassenfeld Professor prince was also acknowledging the Islamists’ legitimacy, of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies Kanan Makiya as well as the unpopularity of the royal family. The fear of Islamists disrupting Saudi politics has prompted very high Renée and Lester Crown Professor of Modern Middle East Studies levels of repression since the 1979 Iranian revolution and the Pascal Menoret occupation of the Mecca Grand Mosque by an armed Salafi Neubauer Junior Research Fellow group.2 In the past decades, dozens of thousands have been Richard A. -
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July-December 2020 Volume: 10, No: 2, pp. 91 – 110 ISSN: 2046-4436 e-ISSN: 2046-4444 https://www.tplondon.com/bordercrossing/ Received: 3 May 2020 Accepted: 4 June 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33182/bc.v10i2.978 Integration of Displaced Syrians in Saudi Arabia Emina Osmandzikovic± Abstract The integration of displaced populations is primarily measured in singular variables. The focus mostly is on economic self-sufficiency or citizenship acquisition. The overall underperformance of the traditional relationship between displaced populations and their host-countries has given birth to a plethora of novel approaches. The idea is to reconcile the host-countries’ geo-economic interests with the needs of the displaced populations. This is also the case in some countries that are not signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, such as Nigeria, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia. These countries have tried to integrate displaced populations in their national agendas, albeit with little input from the beneficiaries of such programs. As a non-signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention, Saudi Arabia developed an alternative approach to the integration of displaced Syrians. It has demonstrated a wide area of coverage and adaptability, covering legal status, education, healthcare, employment, and social integration. This article provides an analysis of the government refugee programs, juxtaposed to topic modelling of semi-structured interviews conducted with displaced Syrians (n=21) within the Kingdom. The findings illustrate that, despite the comprehensive nature of the Saudi approach, which ensures socio-economic independence for displaced Syrians, the integration process from the viewpoint of the displaced populations suggest that integration remains a highly subjective and personal process. -
Temanotat Saudi-Arabia Opphold, Arbeid Og Inn- Og Utreise for Utenlandske Borgere (Herunder Jemenitter, Syrere Og Palestinere)
Temanotat Saudi-Arabia Opphold, arbeid og inn- og utreise for utenlandske borgere (herunder jemenitter, syrere og palestinere) 19. november 2020 © Landinfo 2020 Materialet i denne publikasjonen er omfattet av åndsverklovens bestemmelser. Uten særskilt avtale med Landinfo er enhver eksemplarfremstilling og tilgjengeliggjøring bare tillatt i den utstrekning det er hjemlet i lov. Alle henvendelser om Landinfos rapporter kan rettes til: Landinfo Utlendingsforvaltningens fagenhet for landinformasjon Storgata 33 A Postboks 2098 Vika 0125 Oslo Tel: 23 30 94 70 E-post: [email protected] www.landinfo.no Om Landinfos temanotater Utlendingsforvaltningens fagenhet for landinformasjon (Landinfo) innhenter og analyserer informasjon om samfunnsforhold og menneskerettigheter i land som Utlendingsdirektoratet (UDI), Utlendingsnemnda (UNE) og Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet har behov for kunnskap om. Landinfos temanotater er basert på opplysninger fra nøye utvalgte kilder. Opplysningene er behandlet i henhold til anerkjente kvalitetskriterier for landinformasjon og Landinfos retningslinjer for kilde- og informasjonsanalyse. Temanotatene bygger på både skriftlig og muntlig kildemateriale. En del av informasjonen som formidles, er innhentet gjennom samtaler med kilder på informasjonsinnhentingsreiser. Landinfo tilstreber bredde i kildetilfanget, og så langt mulig er det innhentet informasjon fra kilder som arbeider uavhengig av hverandre. Alt benyttet kildemateriale er fortløpende referert i temanotatene. Hensyn til enkelte kilders ønske om anonymitet er ivaretatt. Notatene gir ikke et uttømmende bilde av temaene som undersøkes, men belyser problemstillinger som er relevante for UDIs og UNEs behandling av utlendingssaker. Landinfo er en faglig uavhengig enhet, og informasjonen som presenteres, kan ikke tas til inntekt for et bestemt syn på hva praksis bør være i utlendingsforvaltningens behandling av søknader. Landinfos temanotater gir heller ikke uttrykk for norske myndigheters syn på de forhold og land som omtales. -
A Note on Syrian Refugees in the Gulf MIGRATION POLICY CENTRE
A Note on Syrian Refugees in the Gulf MIGRATION POLICY CENTRE A Note on Syrian Refugees in the Gulf: Attempting to Assess Data and Policies Gulf Labour Markets and Migration GLMM - EN - No. 11/2015 Explanatory Note No. 11/2015 1 EXPLANATORY NOTE Françoise De Bel-Air Terms of use : By using any information from Gulf Labour Markets and Migration programme publi- cations, the user: (a) acknowledges having read the legal notices concerning copyright, terms of use and disclaimers and agrees to comply with them in full; (b) agrees to assure himself/herself whether and to what extent copyrights exist on information published by the GLMM prior to using this information; (c) agrees not to use information published by GLMM in any way that would result in the infringement of existing copyrights; (d) agrees to always follow precisely and fully the citation instructions provided by the GLMM. GLMM publications may be copied and distributed only in their entirety and together with any copyright statements they may contain, as long as they are properly attributed and used for non-commercial, educational, or public policy purposes. Photographs, logos, graphs, tables or any other images from the GLMM publications may not be used separately. Copyright : © European University Institute (EUI) and Gulf Research Center (GRC), 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of European University Institute and Gulf Research Center. Disclaimer : The Gulf Labour Markets and Migration (GLMM) programme cannot be held responsi- ble in any way for the correctness and accuracy of the information and data published on its website, on paper and in other forms, including the database and its publications. -
European Energy Policy
EuropeanThe monthly update from the Energy Saudi mission to thePolicy European Union November 2016 – No. 6 Humanitarian Relief Laying the foundation for EU-KSA cooperation on aid In this issue > KSRelief presents its work in Brussels > The problem with JASTA > Sticking to the COP21 Agreement > Iran’s aggression destabilies the region > Syrians welcomed as equals into the Kingdom > KSA supports the World Food Program From the ambassador At the COP 22 conference in Marrakech, world leaders have pulled together to find common ground on climate action following the Paris climate agreement of last year. Saudi Arabia has reaffirmed its commitment to implement the agreement. Dr Abdullah Al Rabeeah, Supervisor Speaking after meetings with Christos In our region the ongoing aggressive General of The King Salman Stylianides, the European encroachments of Iran in Yemen and in Humanitarian Aid & Relief Commissioner responsible for Syria continue to wreak havoc. Saudi Centre (KSRelief), last month humanitarian aid and crisis, Dr Al Arabia calls on the international presented the details of Saudi Rabeeah said, “I have been very glad community to condemn the conduct of Arabia’s Humanitarian Aid & Relief to raise awareness of the invaluable the regime in Tehran and urge it to cease its interference in the internal Program in Brussels in the context of work of KSRelief in Brussels and to lay affairs of other states in order to help bilateral meetings with senior the foundation for a closer bring peace to the Middle East. European Commission officials and collaboration with the European Meanwhile, the Kingdom, through EU policymakers. The Kingdom is one Commission’s Directorate General KSRelief, continues to develop its of the world’s leading humanitarian ECHO towards the exchange of humanItarian aid programs in Syria, donors, and continues to increase its information and visiting teams on Yemen and beyond, as well as taking in contributions year on year. -
Saudi Arabian Diplomacy During the Syrian Humanitarian Crisis: Domestic Pressure, Multilateralism, and Regional Rivalry for an Islamic State
Saudi Arabian Diplomacy during the Syrian Humanitarian Crisis: Domestic Pressure, Multilateralism, and Regional Rivalry for an Islamic State Satoru Nakamura I Did Saudi Arabia Lead the Arab States? This paper aims to evaluate Saudi Arabian diplomacy and its influence in response to the Syrian humanitarian crisis triggered during the “Arab Spring” in March 2011. The Saudi Arabian government faced internal pressure to raise support for the Syrian humanitarian crisis. Once the government launched an active foreign policy to counter the Syrian regime, they timed their activities effectively to avoid isolation from the international community, appealed to the Arab League, and arranged a covert supply of weapons to the Syrian rebels aiming for a change in the Syrian regime. Reports state that Saudi Arabia has led Arab efforts to end the bloodshed in Syria since the summer of 2011. Some have praised the Saudi policy as “humanitarian”; others applaud it as a “wise” or “progressive” policy, targeted at realizing justice for Syrian citizens (1). Saudi Arabia was reported to have circulated among members of the UN General Assembly, before the vote of February 11, 2012, a draft resolution backing an Arab peace plan for Syria; however, the following day the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) denied reports that Saudi Arabia had formally presented a new draft resolution, citing an official at the foreign ministry (2). It can be said that Saudi Arabia aimed to erase such an impression in the media that it had manipulated international negotiations behind closed doors. Given the adoption of Saudi Arabia’s new and active policy in 2011 to commit to ending the Syrian humanitarian crisis, it is useful to evaluate the nation’s goals, power, and influence. -
The New Salafi Politics October 16, 2012 KHALIL MAZRAAWI/AFP/GETTYIMAGES KHALIL POMEPS Briefings 14 Contents
arab uprisings The New Salafi Politics October 16, 2012 KHALIL MAZRAAWI/AFP/GETTYIMAGES KHALIL POMEPS Briefings 14 Contents A New Salafi Politics . 6 The Salafi Moment . 8 The New Islamists . 10 Democracy, Salafi Style . 14 Who are Tunisia’s Salafis? . 16 Planting the seeds of Tunisia’s Ansar al Sharia . 20 Tunisia’s student Salafis . 22 Jihadists and Post-Jihadists in the Sinai . 25 The battle for al-Azhar . 28 Egypt’s ‘blessed’ Salafi votes . 30 Know your Ansar al-Sharia . 32 Osama bin Laden and the Saudi Muslim Brotherhood . 34 Lebanon’s Salafi Scare . 36 Islamism and the Syrian uprising . 38 The dangerous U .S . double standard on Islamist extremism . 48 The failure of #MuslimRage . 50 The Project on Middle East Political Science The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS) is a collaborative network which aims to increase the impact of political scientists specializing in the study of the Middle East in the public sphere and in the academic community . POMEPS, directed by Marc Lynch, is based at the Institute for Middle East Studies at the George Washington University and is supported by the Carnegie Corporation and the Social Science Research Council . It is a co-sponsor of the Middle East Channel (http://mideast .foreignpolicy .com) . For more information, see http://www .pomeps .org . Online Article Index A new Salafi politics http://mideast .foreignpolicy .com/posts/2012/10/12/a_new_salafi_politics The Salafi Moment http://www .foreignpolicy .com/articles/2012/09/12/the_salafi_moment The New Islamists http://www .foreignpolicy -
Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations
Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations Updated February 18, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33533 SUMMARY RL33533 Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations February 18, 2020 The kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ruled by the Al Saud family since its founding in 1932, wields significant global influence through its administration of the birthplace of the Christopher M. Blanchard Islamic faith and by virtue of its large oil reserves. Close U.S.-Saudi official relations Specialist in Middle have survived a series of challenges since the 1940s. In recent years, shared concerns Eastern Affairs over Sunni Islamist extremist terrorism and Iranian government policies have provided some renewed logic for continued strategic cooperation. Political upheaval and conflict in the Middle East and North Africa have created new challenges, and the Trump Administration has sought to strengthen U.S. ties to Saudi leaders as the kingdom implements a series of new domestic and foreign policy initiatives. Successive U.S. Administrations have referred to the Saudi government as an important partner, and U.S. arms sales and related security cooperation have continued with congressional oversight and some congressional opposition. The Trump Administration, like its recent predecessors, praises Saudi government counterterrorism efforts. Defense ties also remain strong. Since 2009, the executive branch has notified Congress of proposed foreign military sales to Saudi Arabia of major defense articles and services with a potential aggregate value of nearly $139 billion. The United States and Saudi Arabia concluded arms sale agreements worth more than $76 billion from FY2009 through FY2017. Since March 2015, the U.S.-trained Saudi military has used U.S.-origin weaponry and, at times, U.S. -
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Page 1 of 3
Responses to Information Requests - Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Page 1 of 3 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Home > Research Program > Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) respond to focused Requests for Information that are submitted to the Research Directorate in the course of the refugee protection determination process. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIRs. Earlier RIRs may be found on the UNHCR's Refworld website. Please note that some RIRs have attachments which are not electronically accessible. To obtain a PDF copy of an RIR attachment, please email the Knowledge and Information Management Unit. 13 August 2014 ZZZ104924.E Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates: Work and residence permits; citizenship rights for children born to Syrians in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ottawa 1. Saudi Arabia 1.1 Employment Visa (Work Permit) for Foreign Workers The website of the embassy of Saudi Arabia in Ottawa indicates that in order to obtain an employment visa or work permit, a prospective foreign worker's sponsor in Saudi Arabia must apply for a visa authorization for the foreign worker through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia 23 June 2014a). Once it is approved, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will send the authorization to the consulate to process the work permit (ibid.). The embassy website outlines the following requirements to obtain -
Announcement
Announcement Total 100 articles, created at 2016-07-19 18:01 1 Melania Trump delivers prime time speech at Republican National Convention (2.08/3) Donald Trump's wife Melania talks about growing up in Slovenia, American citizenship and her appreciation for veterans. "Donald has always been an amazing leader, now he will go to work for you," she said about the Republican presidential nominee. Courtesy of FedNet 2016-07-19 15:11 1KB www.charlotteobserver.com 2 Pippa Middleton confirms engagement to James Matthews (1.02/3) Pippa Middleton and hedge fund manager James Matthews have confirmed they are engaged to be married and are planning a wedding for 2017. 2016-07-19 16:17 1KB www.bbc.co.uk 3 Three Dead After Shooting At Swimming Pool In Spalding A shooting near a swimming pool in Lincolnshire has left three (1.02/3) people – including the gunman – dead, BBC News reported Tuesday. The shooting near the Castle Swimming Pool in Spalding took place at around 9 a.m. BST, Lincolnshire police said. No shots were... 2016-07-19 16:24 2KB article.wn.com 4 Yahoo Announces Board Changes and Agreement With Starboard (1.02/3) --(BUSINESS WIRE)-- ( : YHOO) today announced that it has reached an agreement with and its... 2016-07-19 16:12 5KB investor.yahoo.net 5 The top 10 most pirated shows of July 2016 With the finale of Game of Thrones airing last month, it's no (1.02/3) surprise that it's by far the most pirated show. AMC's new hit, Preacher, is also making an appearance. -
The Domestic Sources of Saudi Foreign Policy: Islamists and the State in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings
The domestic sources of Saudi foreign policy: Islamists and the state in the wake of the Arab Uprisings RETHINKING POLITICAL ISLAM SERIES August 2015 The domestic sources of Saudi foreign policy: Islamists and the state in the wake of the Arab Uprisings WORKING PAPER Toby Matthiesen, University of Cambridge SUMMARY: Saudi Arabia’s fragmented Islamist field has displayed a diversity of responses to the coup in Egypt, the conflict in Syria, and the Saudi-led war in Yemen. While a group of younger Saudi Islamists and intellectuals have embraced elements of democracy, the war in Syria, the authoritarian political system, and domestic sectarian tendencies have rallied support for the ISIS model of violent political change. About this Series: The Rethinking Political Islam series is an innovative effort to understand how the developments following the Arab uprisings have shaped—and in some cases altered—the strategies, agendas, and self-conceptions of Islamist movements throughout the Muslim world. The project engages scholars of political Islam through in-depth research and dialogue to provide a systematic, cross-country comparison of the trajectory of political Islam in 12 key countries: Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Libya, Pakistan, as well as Malaysia and Indonesia. This is accomplished through three stages: A working paper for each country, produced by an author who has conducted on-the-ground research and engaged with the relevant Islamist actors. A reaction essay in which authors reflect on and respond to the other country cases. A final draft incorporating the insights gleaned from the months of dialogue and discussion. -
Migrants, Aspirations, Obstacles and the Way They Interact a Story from Middle Eastern Migrants on Their Way to the EU
Migrants, aspirations, obstacles and the way they interact A story from Middle Eastern Migrants on their way to the EU Abstract This thesis investigates the obstacles irregular migrants from the Middle East have met on their journey to travel to the EU in general and the Netherlands in particular. It further explores how the migrants deal with these obstacles and how their journey is shaped by them. The thesis shows how human traffickers play a vital but ambigious role in helping the migrants realizing their aspirations. It further shows how different modes of traveling require different strategies and come with different risks. Lastly, the balance is made up. To what extend is the the role of authorities and policies decisive in shaping the decision making process of the migrants; the course of the journey and; the aspirations to ultimately arrive in the destination country. This thesis is based upon qualitative data collection methods and made use of semi-structured Interviews with migrants from Iran, Afghanistan and Syria. This includes three migrants that are stranded in Greece. Interviews were carried out in either English or Dutch and without the interference of a interpreter. Peter Goedbloed St. nr: 910114266100 Thesis supervision: Bram J. Jansen, PhD Chair group Disaster Studies Wageningen University II Executive summary This thesis aims to provide insight in the journey that irregular migrants from the Middle East make to enter the EU. To understand migrant flows, the focus has been on the motivations of the migrants. However, research has pointed out that migrants are not necessarily in control of their final destination.