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TOXIC ARMORIES PART 1 | December 4, 2016 National Guard Armories Expose Soldiers, Children to Lead Dust

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TOXIC ARMORIES PART 1 | December 4, 2016 National Guard Armories Expose Soldiers, Children to Lead Dust TOXIC ARMORIES PART 1 | December 4, 2016 National Guard armories expose soldiers, children to lead dust By ROB DAVIS The Oregonian/OregonLive n a former Montana National Guard armory Armories in big cities and small towns have where more than 20 workers got sick, lead- housed tearful deployments, joyful reunions Ilaced dust bunnies the size of tangerines and thousands of community events. They’re clogged the ventilation system. civic landmarks, where part-time soldiers In two Oregon armories where parents drilled one weekend a month and fired weap- unwittingly let infants crawl, the neurotoxin ons at indoor shooting ranges. blanketed floors at levels as high as 10 times the But the firearms emitted an insidious form federal safety standard. of lead every time a bullet left the chamber. In a Wisconsin armory classroom where The National Guard’s neglect allowed the dust pregnant women and mothers with infants to spread beyond the ranges, into common learned about nutrition, the poisonous powder areas used by the public, including small chil- coated a desktop. dren most at risk. Hundreds of armories across the United The National Guard’s indoor firing ranges States have been contaminated by dangerous were supposed to be well-ventilated, cleaned amounts of lead dust, an 18-month investiga- regularly and equipped with air filters to pre- tion by The Oregonian/OregonLive has found. vent lead from escaping. But in armories from The Defense Department and state Washington state to Vermont, people tracked National Guard officials knew about these toxic dust outside the ranges by foot. Ventilation sys- armories for nearly two decades but moved tems sucked in lead, spreading it to public areas slowly to address the problem, leaving sol- and offices, sometimes as far as roofs, side- diers, civilian employees and children exposed, walks and the soil outside, according to inspec- records and interviews show. tion records. In Oregon alone, tens of thousands of peo- The scope of the contamination is stagger- ple have spent time in armories covered in lead. ing. COVER ILLUSTRATION BY JEN CIESLAK/FOR THE OREGONIAN/OREGONLIVE TOXIC ARMORIES | THE OREGONIAN/OREGONLIVE 2 of 36 NATIONAL GUARD INSPECTION REPORT A worker prepares to examine the Coos Bay National Guard armory. Lead dust from indoor shooting ranges was found in 424 armories nationally, or nearly 90 percent of the places for which results are available. Inspectors have found lead dust at alarm- they never followed through. ing levels in armory gyms, drill halls, confer- The Oregonian/OregonLive did what the ence rooms, hallways, stairwells, kitchens, Guard failed to do, obtaining more than 23,000 pantries, offices, bathrooms and a day care cen- pages of public records from 41 states and ter, records and interviews show. building a database from scratch. The data- The neurotoxin contaminated coffee mak- base of 1,304 current and former sites offers ers, ice makers, refrigerators, dishes, soldiers’ the nation’s most comprehensive accounting of uniforms, children’s toys, medical supplies, toxic armories. water bottles, carpets, soda machines, book- Inspectors found lead in 424 armories over shelves, fans, furniture, heaters, basketball the past four years, or nearly 90 percent of the backboards and a boxing bag. places for which recent results are available. In Even a deli meat slicer. 192 of those contaminated buildings, inspec- The National Guard was put on notice tors found the toxic material outside the firing about the lead problem in the 1990s. Guard range. officials pledged to identify which of their More than 700 other armories were not roughly 1,800 firing ranges were polluted, but inspected in the last four years, despite require- TOXIC ARMORIES | THE OREGONIAN/OREGONLIVE 3 of 36 ments that officials test former ranges annually • The number of toxic armories is likely and active ranges every two years. much higher than inspection records show. Most of the firing ranges are now closed. Eight states didn’t release inspection results. But the danger remains. The Guard converted And in states such as South Carolina, where hundreds of ranges into offices, locker rooms, inspectors found lead in 36 armories, the Guard storage, gymnasiums, classrooms and other took samples only from the firing range itself — uses. When inspectors checked later, they typi- not public areas. cally found lead in the rooms, records show. The extent of the contamination has largely been hidden from the public until now. Some action, few answers Just as alarming is the failure of federal and The National Guard Bureau declined to state officials to fix it when problems were first answer questions for this story, saying for six discovered. months that a response was in the works. Consider: But it did take action. In response to inqui- • The National Guard knew its armories ries from the newsroom, the National Guard’s had a significant lead problem but allowed it to central office directed states to inspect every fester. Time after time, inspectors found lead armory for lead and clean the contaminated hotspots at armories and urged the Guard to do ones. More than 1,000 armories nationally something. And time after time, state military are undergoing testing as a result. Two states officials disregarded the advice. offered voluntary blood testing to their sol- • The Pentagon’s top watchdog pushed diers. Armories in seven states temporarily almost 20 years ago for a nationwide cleanup closed their doors to the public. that didn’t happen. The Defense Department The current round of cleaning follows inspector general documented lead spread- decades of sporadic and poorly executed initia- ing outside firing ranges in a dozen facilities in tives to keep lead contamination at bay. All the 1998. But the problem only got worse. while, children — whose developing bodies are • Even when states found dangerous levels the most vulnerable to lead’s brain-damaging of lead in armories, the National Guard didn’t effects — were placed in harm’s way. look further. In Montana, after the former Take the armory in Coos Bay, Oregon. Helena armory tested high, the Guard didn’t Inspections there in 2006 and 2010 uncov- bother to check its other buildings for three ered lead in the building’s drill hall. Inspectors more years. Later inspections found lead in five warned that children shouldn’t be allowed near other armories that once housed firing ranges. the toxic dust. • The Guard botched cleanups. In places But the Oregon National Guard didn’t keep where lead was found, cleaning crews failed kids out. to ensure lead dust was completely removed. Dozens of Roseburg fifth-graders each year Contamination turned up years later in places spread their sleeping bags on the floor in the that were purportedly lead-free. same room where inspectors in 2006 found • Lead persisted in buildings long after lead dust 650 times above the federal safety their gun ranges fell silent. Laboratory testing threshold. commissioned by The Oregonian/OregonLive Teacher Darin Lomica, who led the 10-year- found problems at old Oregon armories that the olds from Roseburg’s Melrose Elementary on state transferred to new owners more than 15 annual field trips to study tide pools, said he years ago. had no idea his students had stayed in contami- TOXIC ARMORIES | THE OREGONIAN/OREGONLIVE 4 of 36 Explore this map at projects.oregonlive.com/armories/map. nated rooms until contacted by The Oregonian/ made” in its dealings with lead dust but that OregonLive. no one intentionally did anything wrong. The Lomica and his students attended a final agency said it notified the school’s principal sleepover at the Coos Bay facility in May 2015. after The Oregonian/OregonLive raised ques- Emails show Oregon’s top Guard leader at the tions about the Coos Bay sleepover. time, Lt. Gen. Daniel Hokanson, had been noti- “We take the health and welfare of our per- fied a month earlier that the armory was one of sonnel and our community very seriously,” the the state’s most toxic. statement said. Inspectors found lead on every surface Across the country, other children have wres- they checked. tled, danced, played volleyball and learned tae- “That is shocking,” said Lomica, who also kwondo in lead-contaminated rooms. States have slept on the polluted floors. “They go home rented out armories for baptisms, baby showers and put the pillow back on their bed. And and wedding receptions that attracted thousands they’re going to be sleeping with those day-in of children. Cub Scout groups brought the same and day-out.” kids in for meeting after meeting. The Oregon Military Department said in When announcing armory closures, states a written statement that “mistakes have been have downplayed the dangers. TOXIC ARMORIES | THE OREGONIAN/OREGONLIVE 5 of 36 “It’s nothing crazy. It’s nothing new,” a Michigan National Guard spokeswoman told a local TV station when contaminated armories closed there in early 2016. “It’s not an immedi- ate risk.” No amount of lead is safe in a child’s body, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Children age 6 and younger are the most vulnerable because their bodies are still developing. Dr. Bruce Lanphear, a researcher at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, B.C., said it’s difficult to quantify the precise risk to a child who visits a contaminated armory just once. But frequent visits to a polluted armory could leave substantial levels of lead in the blood, he said. Parents who worked in the buildings might take lead home on clothing and expose their children. NATIONAL GUARD INSPECTION REPORT Inspectors believed this household vacuum was used to They might never know it because lead can clean lead dust from the firing range in the Forest Grove hurt kids without causing overt symptoms.
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