ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT Lambourne Road Chigwell Essex Planning ● Heritage August 2016 Specialist & Independent Advisors to the Property Industry Planning Authority: Epping Forest District Council Site centred at: NGR 545776, 192970 Author: Hannah Smalley BSc (Hons) MCIfA Approved by: Cathy Patrick BA DipArchaeol MPhil MCIfA Report Status: FINAL Issue Date: August 2016 CgMs Ref: HS/22563 © CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex CONTENTS Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological/Historical Background and Assessment of Significance 5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development and Impact on Heritage Assets 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 1777 Chapman and Andre map of Essex Fig. 3 1799 Ordnance Survey Drawing Fig. 4 1839 Chigwell Tithe Map Fig. 5 1863 Chigwell Enclosure Map Fig. 6 1872 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 7 1896 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 8 1963-69 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 9 1972-88 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 10 1992 Ordnance Survey Map LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 Looking south along the entrance driveway to Woodview from Lambourne Road Plate 2 Former manager’s office/residence to Woodview Care Home Plate 3 In the north-western extent of the study site, looking south-east towards Woodview Plate 4 Western elevation of Woodview Plate 5 Entrance Porch to Woodview Plate 6 Looking west along the southern elevation of Woodview Plate 7 Basement entrance to Woodview Plate 8 At the southern end of the study site looking north towards Woodview Plate 9 View of the south-eastern boundary wall Plate 10 Ancillary buildings to the east of Woodview Plate 11 View of the eastern elevation of Woodview Plate 12 Looking north-west towards the southern elevation of Woodview Plate 13 Woodland in the north-eastern extent of the study site © CgMs Limited 1 HS/22563 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex Plate 14 Area of hardstanding to the east of Woodview Plate 15 Woodland area to the south-east of Woodview Plate 16 Area of lawn surrounded by mature trees to the front of Woodview APPENDICES Appendix 1: Historic Environment Record and Historic England Archive plans and data Appendix 2: Estate Agent Sales Particular – Woodview c.2011 Appendix 3: Proposed Site Plan © CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however CgMs limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence AL100014723 © CgMs Limited 2 HS/22563 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex Executive Summary This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared on behalf of ADG Architects and their client and assesses the archaeological potential of land at Lambourne Road, Chigwell. The report forms the desk-based assessment required by paragraph 128 of the NPPF to identify the presence of heritage (archaeological) assets and, where present, to assess impact on their significance. This report addresses archaeological issues as required by the NPPF and provides detailed information on the archaeological potential of the study site and its surrounding area. This assessment has identified that there are no designated archaeological assets located on the study site itself or in its immediate surrounding area, such that their significance or setting may be affected by proposed development within the study site. Based on current evidence available in the HER and HEA, a low potential for significant archaeological deposits has been identified for all periods on the study site. Any sub- surface features that may survive are likely to be limited to that of former agricultural practices of limited significance. Development of the study site in the 19th and 20th century is likely to have truncated or potentially removed earlier archaeological deposits within the footprint of Woodview, should they have been present. The proposed development has the potential to impact upon below ground archaeological deposits, should they be present. However, parts of the development site have been previously impacted by 19th and 20th century development and archaeological deposits within these areas are likely to have been severely truncated or removed by this former development. Any archaeological remains that may be present within the study site are likely to be of no more than local significance and should not preclude or constrain the proposed development. It is considered that no further archaeological work is required in support of the proposed development. Should further limited archaeological mitigation be warranted, such works could reasonably be secured by a condition of planning consent. © CgMs Limited 3 HS/22563 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY 1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared by James Archer and Hannah Smalley of CgMs Consulting, commissioned by ADG Architects on behalf of their clients. 1.2 The assessment considers land off Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex (hereafter referred to as the study site) which is being considered for a retirement block development. The study site has an area of approximately 1.2ha hectares and is centred at National Grid Reference 545776, 192970 (Fig. 1). 1.3 In accordance with government policy on archaeology within the planning process (Section 12 of the National Planning Policy Framework) and local policy, this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the study site. 1.4 Additionally, in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments’ (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014), it incorporates an examination of evidence in the Essex and Greater London Historic Environment Record (HER), the Historic England Archive (HEA), Essex Record Office, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. A site visit was conducted in July 2016. 1.5 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the significance of any designated and undesignated heritage assets within the study site, assess the potential for as yet to be discovered archaeological assets and enables potential impacts on assets to be identified, along with the need for design, civil engineering or archaeological solutions. © CgMs Limited 4 HS/22563 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex 2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK 2.1 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF). The National Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) was published online in March 2014. 2.1.1 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and enhancing the historic environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the: x Delivery of sustainable development x Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment x Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and x Recognition that heritage contributes to our knowledge and understanding of the past. 2.1.2 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that the level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset. 2.1.3 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process. 2.1.4 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them. © CgMs Limited 5 HS/22563 Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Lambourne Road, Chigwell, Essex 2.1.5 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises