Diversity and Floristics of Monocots!
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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Botanical Survey of Bussey Brook Meadow Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
Botanical Survey of Bussey Brook Meadow Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts Botanical Survey of Bussey Brook Meadow Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts New England Wildflower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508-877-7630 www.newfs.org Report by Joy VanDervort-Sneed, Atkinson Conservation Fellow and Ailene Kane, Plant Conservation Volunteer Coordinator Prepared for the Arboretum Park Conservancy Funded by the Arnold Arboretum Committee 2 Conducted 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................4 METHODS....................................................................................................................................6 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................8 Plant Species ........................................................................................................................8 Natural Communities...........................................................................................................9 DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................15 Recommendations for Management ..................................................................................15 Recommendations for Education and Interpretation .........................................................17 Acknowledgments..............................................................................................................19 -
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
MVG 21 – Other Grasslands, Herblands, Sedgelands and Rushlands
NVIS Fact sheet MVG 21 – Other grasslands, herblands, sedgelands and rushlands Australia’s native vegetation is a rich and fundamental • communities and support a large range of species, partly element of our natural heritage. It binds and nourishes as a result of their geographical range, and variation in our ancient soils; shelters and sustains wildlife, protects soils and site conditions streams, wetlands, estuaries, and coastlines; and absorbs • include many plant species capable of vegetative carbon dioxide while emitting oxygen. The National reproduction by rhizomes, or stolons Vegetation Information System (NVIS) has been developed • can comprise associated species that may include and maintained by all Australian governments to provide perennial forbs or/and short-lived ephemeral plants that a national picture that captures and explains the broad proliferate after seasonal or cyclonic rains, to longer-term diversity of our native vegetation. perennials that rely on underground organs such This is part of a series of fact sheets which the Australian as rhizomes Government developed based on NVIS Version 4.2 data to • occur on a range of sites including intermittently provide detailed descriptions of the major vegetation groups inundated depressions, margins of perennial freshwater (MVGs) and other MVG types. The series is comprised of lagoons and brackish tidal or inland wetlands. Ferns tend a fact sheet for each of the 25 MVGs to inform their use by to dominate specific humid areas where the environment planners and policy makers. An additional eight MVGs are is less variable between seasons available outlining other MVG types. • have structurally distinctive features of landscape that provide a variety of habitats for faunal species For more information on these fact sheets, including its limitations and caveats related to its use, please see: • may be associated with an overstorey of scattered and ‘Introduction to the Major Vegetation Group (MVG) isolated trees fact sheets’. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska
Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting -
Asparagus Fern Care
plant care INSPIRATION REPOTTING & DIVIDING While Asparagus Ferns do not mind being pot- bound, likely, there will come a point where they need to be repotted or divided. Dividing, with a INFORMATION Asparagus Fern little patience is relatively easy. Once removed from the pot, using a clean, sharp knife, groups of ‘bulblets’ can be separated, with the attached foliage intact. Divided plants should be potted using a good quality potting mix (such as Sunshine LC1) in containers which allow for plenty of root growth. The crown of the plant should be at soil level. Water thoroughly. VARIETIES Sprengeri (Asparagus densiorus ‘Sprengeri’) Perhaps the most common of this group, it has long been favored as a foliage compliment in outdoor containers. As the hardiest of the Asparagus Ferns, it can survive temperatures well below freezing, & can last well into the winter oustide, sometimes adorning itself with Not actually a fern at all, Asparagus Ferns are directly related to the common vegetable, hence showy, bright red (but poisonous) berries. Developing a graceful, the name. They are also more distantly related to onions, garlic, and lilies, all within the family cascading habit, it is suitable for pots or baskets, indoors or out. Liliaceae. Despite their relationships, all parts of the ornamental Asparagus Ferns are poisonous. Adaptable, and extremely easy to grow, these plants are long lived, and can thrive with little Foxtail Fern (Asparagus densiorus ‘Meyersii’) care. Beware their soft appearance; stems of all varieties are lined with small but sharp thorns. This dramatic form produces spire-like fronds which radiate reliably from a central core. -
Trillium, As an Indicator of Deer Density Hanover Biodiversity Committee October, 2017
[DRAFT v. 10] Trillium, as an indicator of deer density Hanover Biodiversity Committee October, 2017 Rationale for this Report Members of the lily family, such as Trillium and Clintonia, are among the favored foods of deer; 30 species of Trillium are found East of the Mississippi. The decline of these plants is mentioned in multiple publications1 as one key indicator of deer over-abundance. Red Trillium (Trillium erectum), also called ‘wake Robin’, found in the north-east and is (or was) fairly common in many Hanover forested neighborhoods. We suggest that monitoring this plant where it is (or once was) common demonstrates that deer density remains unsustainably high and future monitoring of the plant can help determine both the neighborhood density of deer and also serve as an indicator of change in deer density. Monitoring for this plant is easy, with just a small bit of training about the process. This report suggests a serious decline in biodiversity in Hanover over the past 15 years, as indicated by impact on red Trillium at three sites. We believe that with a focused increase in hunting pressure, this and other declining native plants might recover. Red Trillium is a frequent member of typical ‘rich mesic forests2’ plant communities found in Hanover; other plants often found nearby are Virginia waterleaf, blood root, wild ginger, foam flower, blue cohosh, and certain other members of the lily family. Besides aggressive deer browse, these communities are also threatened in varying degrees by invasive plants: garlic mustard, Dame’s rocket, wild parsnip, wild chervil and forget-me-not as well as the usual woody invaders. -
Asparagus Densiflorus 'Sprengeri'
FPS051 Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ Sprengeri Asparagus Fern1 Edward F. Gilman, Ryan W. Klein, and Gail Hansen2 Introduction ‘Sprengeri’ Asparagus Fern is a rounded herbaceous perennial that is used in the landscape for its attractive, fine-textured foliage. This 1 to 4 foot-tall plant has true leaves that are scale-like and inconspicuous. The structures that most refer to as leaves are actually leaf-like branchlets called cladophylls. These tiny cladophylls are linear, flat- tened structures that are bright green in color. They occur singly or in groups of 3 or more at a node. The stems of this plant emerge directly from the ground and become woody and spiny, so be careful when handling this species. The thorns cause significant irritation to many people Figure 1. Full form—Asparagus densiflorus: ‘Sprengeri’ Sprengeri that handle the plant. Pretty, red, ovoid berries occur on asparagus fern. Asparagus densiflorus throughout the year. Several birds eat Credits: Edward F. Gilman, UF/IFAS and probably distribute the fruit. These fruits follow tiny, General Information white, flowers that occur in axillary racemes; the flowers are inconspicuous for the most part but fragrant. Seeds Scientific name: Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’ germinate in the landscape and the plant has escaped into Pronunciation: ass-SPAR-uh-gus den-sif-FLOR-us natural habitats in parts of Florida. It can also become a Common name(s): ‘Sprengeri’ asparagus fern weed in your landscape. Family: Liliaceae Plant type: herbaceous; perennial USDA hardiness zones: 9B through 11 (Figure 2) Planting month for zone 7: year round Planting month for zone 8: year round Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round Origin: not native to North America Invasive potential: potentially invasive 1. -
Appendix B Wells Harbor Ecology (Materials from the Wells NERR)
APPENDICES Appendix B Wells Harbor Ecology (materials from the Wells NERR) CHAPTER 8 Vegetation Caitlin Mullan Crain lants are primary producers that use photosynthesis ter). In this chapter, we will describe what these vegeta- to convert light energy into carbon. Plants thus form tive communities look like, special plant adaptations for Pthe base of all food webs and provide essential nutrition living in coastal habitats, and important services these to animals. In coastal “biogenic” habitats, the vegetation vegetative communities perform. We will then review also engineers the environment, and actually creates important research conducted in or affiliated with Wells the habitat on which other organisms depend. This is NERR on the various vegetative community types, giving particularly apparent in coastal marshes where the plants a unique view of what is known about coastal vegetative themselves, by trapping sediments and binding the communities of southern Maine. sediment with their roots, create the peat base and above- ground structure that defines the salt marsh. The plants OASTAL EGETATION thus function as foundation species, dominant C V organisms that modify the physical environ- Macroalgae ment and create habitat for numerous dependent Algae, commonly known as seaweeds, are a group of organisms. Other vegetation types in coastal non-vascular plants that depend on water for nutrient systems function in similar ways, particularly acquisition, physical support, and seagrass beds or dune plants. Vegetation is reproduction. Algae are therefore therefore important for numerous reasons restricted to living in environ- including transforming energy to food ments that are at least occasionally sources, increasing biodiversity, and inundated by water. -
Size Variations of Flowering Characters in Arum Italicum (Araceae)
M. GIBERNAU,]. ALBRE, 2008 101 Size Variations of Flowering Characters in Arum italicum (Araceae) Marc Gibernau· and Jerome Albre Universite Paul Sabatier Laboratoire d'Evolution & Diversite Biologique (UMR 5174) Bat.4R3-B2 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France *e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION In Arum, bigger individuals should An extreme form of flowering character proportionally invest more in the female variations according to the size is gender function (number or weight of female modification, which occurs in several flowers) than the male. The aim of this species of Arisaema (Clay, 1993). Individ paper is to quantify variations in repro ual plant gender changes from pure male, ductive characters (size of the spadix when small, to monoecious (A. dracon parts, number of inflorescences) in rela tium) or pure female (A. ringens) when tion to plant and inflorescence sizes. The large (Gusman & Gusman, 2003). This appendix represents 44% of the spadix gender change is reversible, damaged length. The female zone length represents female individuals will flower as male the 16.5% of the spadix length and is much following year (Lovett Doust & Cavers, longer than the male zone (6%). Moreover 1982). These changes are related to change these three spadix zones increase with in plant size and are explained by the plant vigour indicating an increasing size-advantage model. The size-advantage investment into reproduction and pollina model postulates a sex change when an tor attraction. It appears that the length of increase in body size is related to differen appendix increased proportionally more tial abilities to produce or sire offspring than the lengths of the fertile zones.