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Seasoned Equity Issuance by Closed -End Funds
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2000 Seasoned Equity Issuance by Closed -End Funds. William Henry Brigham Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Brigham, William Henry Jr, "Seasoned Equity Issuance by Closed -End Funds." (2000). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7143. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7143 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Promoting Intermodality in the Alps.Pdf
Promoting Intermodality in the Alps Preliminary Conclusions of the Work Initiated Since the Conference of Regensburg At the Regensburg Conference the ministers instructed the Steering Committee to directly follow the progress of the measures that have been initiated to promote alternatives to road transport in the Alps and to advance intermodal freight traffic. These measures combine the optimisation of existing railway lines, the realisation of new, more suitable possibilities of crossing the Alps by rail and the establishment of specific financing mechanisms to take account of the considerable public investments. These political measures are being developed in particular within the framework of the European Union’s Trans-European Network Programme and the agreements between the EU and Switzerland regarding land-based transport. The expected modal transfer does not have the same weight for the various Alpine countries: While in Switzerland only 37% of freight transports are carried by road, the figure for Austria is 69% and for the French-Italian crossings 83%. The scale of the challenge is therefore not the same. Optimisation of Major, Cross-Border Railway Lines The forecasts for new, transalpine railway infrastructures up to 2022 cannot suffice to meet the goals of intermodality. Firstly, because the quality of the infrastructures must be supported by at least a corresponding quality of railway services, and also because all continuing damage to existing lines by the tracks endangers the subsequent balance of these investments. However, the major Alpine crossings support trade routes on a European scale. The improvement of services on each corridor and the progress of network interoperability must be agreed between several countries. -
Do Firms Issue More Equity When Markets Become More Liquid?
Journal of Financial Economics, forthcoming Do firms issue more equity when markets become more liquid? Rogier M. Hanselaar, René M. Stulz, and Mathijs A. van Dijk* October 2017 Abstract Using quarterly data on IPOs and SEOs for 37 countries from 1995 to 2014, we show that changes in equity issuance are positively related to lagged changes in aggregate local stock market liquidity. This relation is as economically significant as the well-known relation between equity issuance and lagged stock returns. It survives the inclusion of proxies for market timing, capital market conditions, growth prospects, asymmetric information, and investor sentiment. Changes in liquidity are less relevant for issuance by firms with greater financial pressures, and by firms in less financially developed countries. * Stulz is at The Ohio State University, NBER, and ECGI; Hanselaar and van Dijk are at Erasmus University. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected]. Van Dijk thanks the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for financial support through a “Vidi” grant. We thank Dimitris Vagias for his research assistance on an earlier version of this paper. We are grateful for comments from an anonymous referee, Brian Baugh, Andrew Carverhill, Thierry Foucault, Edith Ginglinger, Andrei Gonçalves, Yeejin Jang, Andreas Park, Jeffrey Pontiff, Ioanid Rosu, Charles Trzcinka, Avi Wohl, and seminar participants at Boston College, Boston University, Erasmus University, HEC Paris, Tel Aviv University, and the 2012 Frontiers of Finance Conference at Warwick Business School. 1. Introduction There is a large literature showing that aggregate stock market liquidity changes over time within countries (e.g., Chordia, Sarkar, and Subrahmanyam, 2005; Lesmond, 2005). -
Initial Public Offering Allocations
Initial Public Offering Allocations by Sturla Lyngnes Fjesme A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian Business School for the degree of PhD PhD specialization: Financial Economics Series of Dissertations 9/2011 BI Norwegian Business School Sturla Lyngnes Fjesme Initial Public Offering Allocations © Sturla Lyngnes Fjesme 2011 Series of Dissertations 9/2011 ISBN: 978-82-8247-029-2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian Business School N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg Trykk The dissertation may be downloaded or ordered from our website www.bi.no/en/Research/Research-Publications/ Abstract Stock exchanges have rules on the minimum equity level and the minimum number of shareholders that are required to list publicly. Most private companies that want to list publicly must issue equity to be able to meet these minimum requirements. Most companies that list on the Oslo stock exchange (OSE) are restricted to selling shares in an IPO to a large group of dispersed investors or in a negotiated private placement to a small group of specialized investors. Initial equity offerings have high expected returns and this makes them very popular investments. Ritter (2003) and Jenkinson and Jones (2004) argue that there are three views on how shares are allocated in the IPO setting. First, is the academic view based on Benveniste and Spindt (1989). In this view investment banks allocate IPO shares to informed investors in return for true valuation and demand information. Informed investors are allocated shares because they help to price the issue. Second, is the pitchbook view where investment banks allocate shares to institutional investors that are likely to hold shares in the long run. -
Railway Liberalisation Is Bearing Fruit
editorial About managing risk solutions for intermodal logistics www.hupac.ch July 2006 What to do, when something suddenly no longer works? The closure of the Gotthard motor- way in June 2006 revealed a divided transport market. On one Railway liberalisation is bearing fruit side were companies already set up for rail transport. On The Swiss Hupac Ltd – European market leader in combined transport through Switzerland – is making the other side were hauliers successful use of the liberalisation of the railways. On the occasion of the General Meeting on 12.5.2006 entirely dependent on roads. While the former shifted their in Lugano, Board Chairman Hans-Jörg Bertschi named competition in railway freight transport through in-house modal split in favour Switzerland as the main reason for Hupac’s traffic growth. of rail during the closure of the Gotthard motorway, the latter Last year Hupac shifted 520,000 had no alternative to the traffic road consignments to the railways. jams. Hupac’s unaccompanied This represents an increase of intermodal transport had suffi- 15.9% compared to the previous cient capacity available. Anyone year. The strong growth has contrib- who had suitable equipment uted to a break in the trend: Since could switch over to rail without 2000 the number of lorries involved any problems. There was less in transalpine transport has fallen on offer on the Rolling Highway (-14%), while combined transport at the Gotthard. Only a limited on the railways has been increasing amount of rolling stock is avail- in volume (+50%). Political means able. Space on night trains was of controlling transport such as the in strong demand, and was Swiss Heavy Vehicles Fee (LSVA) therefore rapidly allocated, while and the 40 tons limit are reasons for there was limited demand for the this. -
Capital Markets: Building the Investment Bank of the Future Contents
Capital Markets: building the investment bank of the future Contents Executive summary 2 What does the future hold for your investment bank? 3 Reshape the business 5 Grow the business 7 Optimize the business 8 Protect the business 11 Control the business 12 Toward the investment bank of the future 13 Executive summary We believe there is a bright future for the capital markets Grow the business: To regain profitable growth, industry. The long-term market fundamentals are positive, 2 investment banks should clearly define their risk even if the recent financial performance of many global appetite, the clients they want to serve, the products investment banks is disappointing. While aggregate revenues they want to offer and how they want to distribute for the largest investment banks in FY15 were in line with those products, as well as the geographic footprint pre-crisis revenues a decade earlier, some businesses (such of the organization. In addition, they should harness as parts of fixed income, currencies and commodities (FICC)) the power of analytics to better serve the clients they seem to be in terminal decline.1 Moreover, operating costs and already have. capital requirements have significantly increased. This means Optimize the business: New operating models should long-term success will demand that banks fundamentally 3 be developed that take advantage of technology, reshape their business. partnerships and industry utilities to improve service Ever since the global financial crisis, the viability of the and reduce cost. In addition, banks will need to investment banking business model has been under scrutiny optimize their balance sheet in the face of multiple and banks have been struggling to redefine their roles. -
Investment Banker Directors and Seasoned Equity Offerings*
Investment Banker Directors and Seasoned Equity Offerings* Qianqian Huang College of Business City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong, HK [email protected] Kai Li Sauder School of Business University of British Columbia 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 [email protected] Ting Xu Sauder School of Business University of British Columbia 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 [email protected] This version: December, 2016 * We are grateful for helpful comments from Xueping Wu. Li acknowledges financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. All errors are ours. Investment Banker Directors and Seasoned Equity Offerings Abstract We examine how directors with investment banking experience affect firms’ capital raising activities. We find that firms with investment bankers on their boards have a higher probability of making seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), and that these offerings are associated with higher announcement returns, lower underpricing, and lower underwriter spreads. These results are consistent with the idea that investment banker directors reduce information asymmetry between issuers and the equity market. We find a limited role of investment banker directors in firms issuing bonds or obtaining loans, which are less information-sensitive than equity. Overall, our results highlight the advisory role of specialist directors in shaping corporate policies. Keywords: Seasoned equity offerings; board of directors; investment banking experience; information asymmetry; advisory role of directors JEL Classification: G14, G24, G32 I. Introduction Much of the discussions on corporate boards has centered on their monitoring role, yet boards spend a significant portion of their time advising rather than monitoring (Adams and Ferreira (2007) and Adams, Hermalin, and Weisbach (2010)). -
131121311 14132 Have a Safe Trip!
31112121221313112131114132 HAVE A SAFE TRIP! A GOOD MOVE EVER WONDERED HOW TO GET A TRUCK ACROSS SWITZERLAND STRESS-FREE? RALPIN AG OFFERS A ROLLING HIGHWAY SOLUTION FOR YOUR ALPINE TRANSIT REQUIREMENTS. RAlpin’s “Rola” rolling highway involves loading entire heavy haulage company’s dispatch schedule warrants it. One of the goods vehicles (articulated and non-articulated trucks and principle advantages of the rolling highway is that it is trailers) onto low-floor wagon trains at special terminals; the designed to optimise the customer’s benefits: by matching truck drivers travel in an accompanying sleeping car. RAlpin journey times with the statutory rest periods for drivers, has been operating a rolling highway between Freiburg the latter are able to take to the wheels of their trucks the im Breisgau, Germany and Novara, Italy since 2001. The route moment they arrive at the receiving terminal. represents an economical and environmentally responsible solution for crossing Switzerland and its Alps by offering safe Moreover, the rolling highway means trucks can transit the and cost-effective travel during the day and at night. Alps despite Switzerland’s ban on commercial vehicle move- ments at night and on Sundays – around the clock, throughout The rolling highway is an integral part of Switzerland’s transit the year and in both directions. A further advantage is that the traffic policies and supplements the unaccompanied combined relation is free from time-consuming customs procedures at transport (UCT) sector. It offers a viable alternative to UCT the borders for vehicles transiting through Switzerland from wherever the freight situation, the vehicle fleet and the an EU country to an EU country. -
Are Initial Returns and Underwriting Spreads in Equity Issues Complements Or Substitutes?
Are Initial Returns and Underwriting Spreads in Equity Issues Complements or Substitutes? Dongcheol Kim, Darius Palia, and Anthony Saunders∗ The objective of this paper is to analyze the joint behavior of underwriting spreads and initial returns on equity issues for a large sample of issues over a 21-year period. Traditional empirical approaches to the determination of these direct and indirect issuing costs view them as independent. Using a three-stage least squares approach, we find these costs to be positively and significantly related. In the case of seasoned equity offerings, our results are robust to replacing initial returns with the offer price discount. We also find that low quality issuers are charged higher underwriting spreads and initial returns when compared to high quality issuers. The underpricing of an issue of new initial publics offerings (IPOs) and seasoned equity offering (SEOs) has been well documented in the literature.1,2 Yet, a major source of underwriter revenue lies in the underwriting spread, which in a firm commitment offering is the difference between the price paid for the issue by investors and the price paid to the issuer divided by the issue proceeds. There is increasing interest in the literature to analyze the size of these spreads (Hansen, 1986, 2001; Smith, 1986; Hansen, Fuller, and Janjigian, 1987; Denis, 1991; Eckbo and Masulis, 1991; Lee et al., 1996; Chen and Ritter, 2000; Loughran and Ritter, 2004; a recent survey by Eckbo, Masulis, and Norli, 2008). While it is recognized that underpricing and spreads reflect the indirect and direct costs of issuance, respectively, the empirical relationship or correlation between these two “costs” has not been fully analyzed. -
Investing in Mobility
Investing in Mobility FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE HUDSON REGION THE EAST OF HUDSON RAIL FREIGHT OPERATIONS TASK FORCE Investing in Mobility FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE HUDSON REGION Environmental Defense and the East of Hudson Rail Freight Operations Task Force On the cover Left:Trucks exacerbate crippling congestion on the Cross-Bronx Expressway (photo by Adam Gitlin). Top right: A CSX Q116-23 intermodal train hauls double-stack containers in western New York. (photo by J. Henry Priebe Jr.). Bottom right: A New York Cross Harbor Railroad “piggypacker” transfers a low-profile container from rail to a trailer (photo by Adam Gitlin). Environmental Defense is dedicated to protecting the environmental rights of all people, including the right to clean air, clean water, healthy food and flourishing ecosystems. Guided by science, we work to create practical solutions that win lasting political, economic and social support because they are nonpartisan, cost-effective and fair. The East of Hudson Rail Freight Operations Task Force is committed to the restoration of price- and service-competitive freight rail service in the areas of the New York metropolitan region east of the Hudson River. The Task Force seeks to accomplish this objective through bringing together elected officials, carriers and public agencies at regularly scheduled meetings where any issue that hinders or can assist in the restoration of competitive rail service is discussed openly. It is expected that all participants will work toward the common goal of restoring competitive rail freight service East of the Hudson. ©2004 Environmental Defense Printed on 100% (50% post-consumer) recycled paper, 100% chlorine free. -
Analysis of Combined Transport Terminal Operations Identification of Measures to Improve Terminals in BSR
RAPORT Analysis of combined transport terminal operations Identification of measures to improve terminals in BSR Activity: WP 3, Activity 1 Version: Final Date: 06/03/2020 Bogusz Wiśnicki City of Bydgoszcz CONTENTS Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Classification of combined transport terminals ............................................................................... 4 1.1. Types and categories of terminals .......................................................................................... 4 1.2. Representative terminal models.............................................................................................. 9 2. Infrastructure of combined transport terminals ............................................................................. 11 2.1. Elements of infrastructure of combined transport terminals ................................................. 11 2.2. Large rail-road terminal ......................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Small rail-road terminal ......................................................................................................... 14 2.4. Trimodal river terminal .......................................................................................................... 16 2.5. Border terminal ..................................................................................................................... -
Market Timing of New Equity Offerings: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal Volume 10 Issue 2 Article 3 2016 Market Timing of New Equity Offerings: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms Shiguang Ma Unviersity of Wollongong, Australia, [email protected] Subhrendu Rath Curtin University, Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/aabfj Copyright ©2016 Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal and Authors. Recommended Citation Ma, Shiguang and Rath, Subhrendu, Market Timing of New Equity Offerings: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms, Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 10(2), 2016, 23-53. doi:10.14453/aabfj.v10i2.3 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Market Timing of New Equity Offerings: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms Abstract A well-established paradigm of the developed financial market is that firms take advantage of market valuations to make financial decisions. Do firms operating in a highly controlled market follow similar financial strategies? We find that the new equity offerings of Chinese listed firms are strongly associated with market valuations. However, the market timing effectiveness is relatively lower in the firms owned by the State and in the time when firms conduct non-tradable share reform by liquidating non-tradable shares. We also find that the proceeds from equity offerings are expended more in the form of opportunistic and discretionary usage than investment requirements. Our empirical evidence supports the general applicability of the equity market timing theory to the highly controlled emerging market of China. Keywords Market timing, new equity offerings, state ownership, non-tradable shares reform, China This article is available in Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal: https://ro.uow.edu.au/aabfj/vol10/ iss2/3 AABFJ | Volume 10, no.