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“Alabin”, Fl.4, Office 428 on 20Th August, 2005 1 Preliminary REPORT ON THE ACTIVITY OF REMI FOUNDATION 2020 1000 Sofia, 33A “Alabin”, fl.4, office 428 On 20th August, 2005, in the city of Sofia, a foundation was established under the name of “Remi”, set up as an organization of an activity for public benefit pursuant to art.2, para.1 and art.38, para.1 of the Non-Profit Legal Entities Act, having its registered seat in the city of Sofia, Municipality of Sredets, and its address of management at: Sofia 1000, 33 “Alabin” street, entr.A, fl.4, office 428 The foundation has been entered into the central registry of the Republic of Bulgaria of non-profit legal entities constituted to act for public benefit under No.20051202003 on 02.12.2005. The Foundation is registered in the Commercial Register of the Republic of Bulgaria in 2018 under UIC: 131 497 163 1. Research Project BULG 780/20 COMPLETE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE BASILEA - THE RESIDENCE OF THE LAST THRACIAN KINGS IN THE LOWER TREAS OF ANCIENT TONSOS Project manager: Daniela Agre – National Archaeological Institute with Museum at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NAIM – BAS) Project objectives: Complete archaeological study of the (expected) residence (basilea) of the last Thracian king Rhoemetalces I, located near the village of Stroyno, Elhovo municipality. Project duration: 5 years Territory to be investigated: According to the geomagnetic studies the territory of site to be investigated is more than 37 decarеs. Project Value: € 50 000, (97 400) BGN As of October 20, 2020, the project costs have been transferred to the accounting of the Remy Foundation and are currently being accounted for Details of the items will be sent in the final report. During 2020 archaeological season the excavation was concentrated on those parts of the architectural complex that were outlined by the geomagnetic study carried out at the site in 2018. The site was ruled by the square frame with dimensions 5x5 m and split on sectors. The investigations were carried out in sectors Center, North, East, East 2 and Southwest. 1 2 Sector Center The work was concentrated on investigating the circular building located at this part of the site and was done in the frame of 8 squares with dimensions of 5x5 m. Two parts of two concentric circular walls (inner and outer) were discovered. The investigated length of the inner wall is 21 m, and of the outer wall – 14 m. The walls are built from limestone stones with irregular shapes and are joined with white plaster. The walls are preserved at the height of 0.95 m and have the width of 0.90 m (inner wall) and 0.70 m (outer wall). According to the geomagnetic study the diameter of the outer circular wall is 37 m. Archaeological materials discovered during excavation of the building (fibulae, rings, coins, cult objects, etc.) have confirmed our initial hypothesis that the building is a circular temple – tolos. Although only 1/5 part of it has been investigated up to now, it has become clear that the temple consists of two parts – a corridor with a roof that was covered by tiles between two walls and an opened inner yard without roof where, probably, rituals were officiated. Several working hypotheses could be formulated about the deity officiated in the temple. Ancient historian Suetonius Tranquillus described a Rodopian temple – sanctuary of Dionysus that was visited by the Roman emperor Gaius Octavius. The sanctuary was located in a big hall with oval shape that had no any roof because of specific rituals officiated in the temple. As an additional indirect argument supporting this hypothesis is a discovery done by our expedition in 2006-2008 in one of the biggest tumuli in the southeast part of Bulgaria - “Raykova Mogila” tumulus located about 300 m south to the site. In it we discovered a burial in a marble sarcophagus - a very rare burial ritual at the territory of Thrace in the period I – II century AD. The sarcophagus contained burnt remain of a woman and elegant golden gifts – rings, necklaces and ear-rings. Other burial gifts – a rich set of bronze vessels – were found put on a special ritual place near the sarcophagus. A part of them – a patera and an oenochoe – were decorated with scenes relating to the deity of Dionysus. It could be assumed that the buried woman was one of the major priestess of the temple we are now investigating. Another possible hypothesis relates the temple to the cult to the emperor that was especially popular in that time and the execution of rituals of this cult was a duty of major priests. It is probable, that a statue of an emperor or another deity honored in the temple was erected in the center of the inner yard. More exact answer on this question could be done after completion of investigations of the whole temple. Sector North The southeast corner of the surrounding wall as well as two premises located south to it were discovered in 8 squares investigated in this sector. A great number of ceramic vessels, an iron lamp, several amphorae and a huge amount of roof-tiles were discovered in the premises. The floor level was not reached. The premises were destroyed by fire and the tile roof covered up the floor so in the next season we hope to find interesting finds into the premises. Sector East A part of the eastern surrounding wall of the complex was discovered in this sector. It is built in the same manner as the walls of the circular temple. A part of the colonnade forming the peristyle yard inside of which the temple is located was also discovered. the colonnade was built from marble 2 3 bases, columns and capitals. The distance between adjacent bases is about 3.0 m and the hypothetical height of the columns is about 3 m so an approximate number of columns in the colonnade is 120. Five rectangular premises oriented northwest-southeast were also investigated in the sector. They are situated in a chain west to the surrounding wall. Their walls are built of unprocessed stones joined by white plaster and have a preserved height of 1.0 m. In the premises we found remains of a water-pipeline system, some marble details (slabs) from the wall’s decoration, a big marble vessel, bronze coins, two bronze medical tools, several big storage ceramic vessels and a lot of other finds. In one of the premises 14 ceramics weights for the loom, as well as a bronze and an iron small bell were found in situ. Among the finds are also several imported ceramic vessels, coins, fragmented glass vessels and so on. Sector East 2 – the peristyle building The investigation of squares in this sector was aimed at localizing the main residential building of the complex and a part of the surrounding wall. It was discovered that the surrounding wall in this sector was dug into a grey ashy layer of soil that could be related to the period of the Classical Age - V-ІV century BC. Ceramic material dated to this period was found at both sides of the wall. An element of archaeological decoration – Roman–Dorian capital - was discovered in the western part of the sector. Sector Southwest A part of the southern surrounding wall and a part of a dwelling – probably a workshop – were discovered in the sector. Among the discovered finds are several very well preserved iron objects (a hummer, knifes, clamps, a handle of a situla, etc.) as well as fragments of building and daily ceramics. Some Preliminary Conclusions The excavation carried out so far has shown that the territory, where the investigated site is now located, was inhabited already at the time of Early Iron Age. The life had become especially intensive during the Classical Age (V-IV century BC) – many imported luxury ceramics and amphorae produced in continental and insular Greece as well as coins dated to that period are evidences to this statement. Data obtained from the geomagnetic studies combined with the results of archaeological excavation, the analysis of the archaeological finds along with the parallels found have allowed us to conclude that the construction of the archaeological complex located near the village of Stroyno had been started during the reign of Thracian king Rhoemetalces I as a residence of the king or of some his close relative. The most likely, the residence was situated in the western part of the site while a part of it falls into the yard of the contemporary monastery located nearby The construction of the complex had continued during II century AD – especially intensively during the government of emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD). During this period the monumental circular temple as well as the peristyle building were erected. The architectural complex was destroyed by fire in the end of II century AD – probably after the death of emperor Commodus (180- 192 AD) and was never rebuilt again. 3 4 So, the archaeological excavation carried out during 2020 has allowed us to determine the investigated archaeological complex as a residence of last Thracian kings that was later transformed into an emperor domain (basilica) – a residence with a temple. Of course, a more precise determination of the complex function will be done during the future investigations. However, it is clear, that the architectural complex of such scale and characteristics has never been found and investigated at the territory of Bulgaria. This unique architectural complex has a huge potential to become a perspective cultural – touristic destination not only for the region but for the whole Southeast Bulgaria.
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