DOCSLIB.ORG

Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sea Lamprey Control in the Great Lakes 2018 SEA LAMPREY CONTROL IN THE GREAT LAKES 2018 ANNUAL REPORT TO THE GREAT LAKES FISHERY COMMISSION Jessica Barber U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marquette, Michigan United States Mike Steeves Fisheries and Oceans Canada Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Canada GLFC Annual Meeting Detroit, MI May 29-30, 2019 Cover: Tim Granger (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) searches for larval Sea Lamprey while patrolling a granular Bayluscide plot in the Detroit River. Photo: Dave Keffer, USFWS). Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 8 FISH-COMMUNITY OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 8 Lake Superior ................................................................................................................................... 9 Lake Michigan ................................................................................................................................. 9 Lake Huron ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Lake Erie ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Lake Ontario .................................................................................................................................. 11 LAMPRICIDE CONTROL ........................................................................................................................ 12 Lake Superior ................................................................................................................................. 15 Lake Michigan ............................................................................................................................... 19 Lake Huron .................................................................................................................................... 21 Lake Erie ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Lake Ontario .................................................................................................................................. 27 ALTERNATIVE CONTROL ..................................................................................................................... 29 Barriers ................................................................................................................................................. 29 Lake Superior ................................................................................................................................. 31 Lake Michigan ............................................................................................................................... 32 Lake Huron .................................................................................................................................... 35 Lake Erie ........................................................................................................................................ 37 Lake Ontario .................................................................................................................................. 38 Juvenile Trapping ................................................................................................................................. 39 Sterile Male Release Technique ........................................................................................................... 39 ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................................... 40 Larval Assessment ................................................................................................................................ 41 Lake Superior ................................................................................................................................. 41 Lake Michigan ............................................................................................................................... 50 Lake Huron .................................................................................................................................... 57 Lake Erie ........................................................................................................................................ 63 Lake Ontario .................................................................................................................................. 65 Juvenile Assessment ............................................................................................................................. 68 Lake Superior ................................................................................................................................. 68 Lake Michigan ............................................................................................................................... 69 Lake Huron .................................................................................................................................... 70 Lake Erie ........................................................................................................................................ 72 Lake Ontario .................................................................................................................................. 73 Adult Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 74 Lake Superior ................................................................................................................................. 74 Lake Michigan ............................................................................................................................... 77 Lake Huron .................................................................................................................................... 79 Lake Erie ........................................................................................................................................ 81 Lake Ontario .................................................................................................................................. 83 RISK MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................................. 86 TASK FORCE REPORTS .......................................................................................................................... 90 Lampricide Control Task Force............................................................................................................ 90 Barrier Task Force ................................................................................................................................ 92 Larval Assessment Task Force ............................................................................................................. 95 Trapping Task Force ............................................................................................................................ 97 COMMUNICATIONS AND OUTREACH ............................................................................................. 101 PERMANENT EMPLOYEES OF THE SEA LAMPREY CONTROL PROGRAM .............................. 103 1 Tables Table 1. Summary of lampricide applications in tributaries of the Great Lakes in 2018. ............12 Table 2. Details on the application of lampricides to tributaries and lentic areas of Lake Superior during 2018 (letter in parentheses corresponds to location of stream in Figure 2). .......................16 Table 3. Details on the application of lampricides to tributaries and lentic areas of Lake Michigan during 2018 (letter in parentheses corresponds to location of stream in Figure 2). .......................20 Table 4. Details on the application of lampricides to tributaries and lentic areas of Lake Huron during 2018 (letter in parentheses corresponds to location of stream in Figure 2). .......................23 Table 5. Details on the application of lampricides to tributaries and lentic areas of Lake Erie during 2018 (letter in parentheses corresponds to location of stream in Figure 2). .......................26 Table 6. Details on the application of lampricides to tributaries of Lake Ontario during 2018 (letter in parentheses corresponds to location of stream in Figure 2).......................................................28 Table 7. Status of concurrence requests for barrier removals, replacements, or fish passage projects in Lake Superior tributaries during 2018. ........................................................................31 Table 8. Status of concurrence requests for barrier removals, replacements, or fish passage projects in Lake Michigan tributaries during 2018. .......................................................................34 Table 9. Status of concurrence requests for barrier removals, replacements, or fish passage projects in Lake Huron tributaries during 2018. ............................................................................36 Table 10. Status of concurrence requests for barrier removals, replacements, or fish passage projects in Lake Erie tributaries during 2018. ...............................................................................38
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GTB 319 NPS Assessment Report 080113
    NONPOINT SOURCE ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE GRAND TRAVERSE BAND OF OTTAWA AND CHIPPEWA INDIANS PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT AUGUST 1, 2013 Prepared for - Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians 2605 N. West Bay Shore Drive Peshawbestown, Michigan 49682 Contact: Jolanda A. Murphy, Division III Manager Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians 231-534-7111 [email protected] Prepared by - Tetra Tech, Inc. 1468 W 9th Street, Suite 620 Cleveland, OH 44113 GTB Section 319 NPS Assessment Report August 2013 Public Review Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS LIST ................................................................................................ VI SECTION 1 - OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 1 SECTION 2 - INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4 SECTION 3 – METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 6 Project Area ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Data Collection Methods and Sources ............................................................................................... 10 Monitoring Objectives: ................................................................................................................ 10 Current
    [Show full text]
  • BRCLWMP-HUC 10 Map V 3-18-2016
    BETSIE RIVER / CRYSTAL LAKE WATERSHED HUC 10 WATERSHED MAP EMMET Burt Lake LEGEND Bear River LOCATOR MAP CHEBOYGAN Pigeon River Glen Lake-Frontal Lake Michigan Lake Charlevoix Sturgeon River Upper Black River CHARLEVOIX Threemile Creek- Frontal Grand Traverse Bay Torch Lake Headwaters Thunder Bay River Lake Leelanau Glen Lake- ANTRIM KEY HYDROLOGICAL UNITS Frontal Lake Michigan OTSEGO MONTMORENCY Au Gres-Rifle Lake Michigan North Branch Au Sable River Au Sable LEELANAU Elk River Betsie-Platte Black Boardman-Charlevoix North Branch Manistee River Platte River -Manistee River Cheboygan East Branch Au Sable River-Au Sable River Perry Creek-Au Sable River Kawkawlin-Pine Boardman River Lake Michigan Manistee Muskegon Betsie River Pere Marquette-White BENZIE Big Creek GRAND TRAVERSE Pine KALKASKA CRAWFORD Glen Lake- OSCODA Frontal Lake Thunder Bay Michigan Silver Creek-Manistee River Tittabawassee South Branch Au Sable River Peterson Creek-Manistee River Bear Creek Butterfield Creek-Muskegon River Houghton Lake-Muskegon River Rifle River Clam River FEATURES Stony Creek- Manistee River Frontal Lake Michigan Betsie River Watershed Headwaters MANISTEE Tittabawassee River Crystal Lake Watershed WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW County Borders MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE Town Line Creek-Muskegon River GLADWIN Little Manistee River Pine River Big Sable River Cedar River Middle Branch River- Muskegon River Linclon River Sanford Lake- Tittabawassee River Pere Marquette River Hersey River-Muskegon River N Scale 1:600,000 Date 3/18/2016 Miles Tobacco River 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Tobacco River.
    [Show full text]
  • 1993 Enrolled Senate Bill 0508
    Act No. 75 Public Acts of 1993 Approved by the Governor July 01, 1993 Filed with the Secretary of State July 01, 1993 STATE OF MICHIGAN 87TH LEGISLATURE REGULAR SESSION OF 1993 Introduced by Senators Gast, Ehlers, Schwarz, Arthurhultz, Cisky, Geake, Emmons, Faust, Berryman, McManus, Vaughn, Conroy, DeGrow, Koivisto, Pollack, Dingell, Hart, Pridnia, Dunaskiss and Wartner ENROLLED SENATE BILL No. 508 AN ACT to make appropriations to the department of natural resources to provide for the acquisition of land; to provide for the development of public recreation facilities; to provide for the powers and duties of certain state agencies and officials; and to provide for the expenditure of appropriations. The People of the State of Michigan enact: Sec. 1. There is appropriated for the department of natural resources to supplement former appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, the sum of $15,819,250.00 for land acquisition and grants and $4,455,850.00 for public recreation facility development and grants as provided in section 35 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and the Michigan natural resources trust fund act, Act No. 101 of the Public Acts of 1985, being sections 318.501 to 318.516 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, from the following funds: For Fiscal Year Ending Sept. 30, 1993 GROSS APPROPRIATIONS....................................................................................................................... $ 20,275,100 Appropriated from: Special revenue funds: Michigan natural resources trust fund......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Study Area
    3 THE STUDY AREA A. General Description The Betsie River is located in Grand Traverse, Benzie and Manistee counties. The stream originates at Green Lake near the village of Interlochen and flows in a westerly direction to its outlet into Betsie Lake and Lake Michigan near Elberta and Frankfort. A large part of the river lies within the boundaries of the Fife Lake and Betsie River State Forests and flows through the Betsie River State Game Area near its mouth. The Betsie River drains a surface area of approximately 165,800 acres and includes about 93 linear miles of streams, 52 miles of which is mainstream. Betsie Lake, located at Frankfort and at the entrance to Lake Michigan, provides important harbor facilities for the surrounding area. The harbor is used by automobile and railroad ferries as well as other commercial traffic and sport fishing craft. The watershed and the three counties surrounding it comprise one of the most popular tourist centers in Northern Michigan. Combined annual tourist spending in Benzie, Grand Traverse and Manistee counties is estimated to be over $8 million. Convenient access to water related activities is a major attraction. Tourism has expanded greatly in recent years with the development of the salmon-lake trout sports fishery. Lakes, streams and forests provide recreational opportunities for fishing, boating and hunting. Lands adjacent to the lakes and streams are being developed for summer home and resort areas. The Betsie River, because of its size, volume and location, attracts fishermen, canoeists and other recreationists. Local people, landowners, local government and other agencies have shown an outstanding interest in conservation programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Special Report 28, Ann Arbor
    �������� STATE OF MICHIGAN ��� DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Number 28 March 2004 Jordan River Assessment Ralph L. Hay and Mike Meriwether www.michigan.gov/dnr/ FISHERIES DIVISION SPECIAL REPORT MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FISHERIES DIVISION March 2004 Jordan River Assessment Ralph L. Hay and Mike Meriwether The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), provides equal opportunities for employment and access to Michigan’s natural resources. Both State and Federal laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, disability, age, sex, height, weight or marital status under the Civil Rights Acts of 1964, as amended, (1976 MI P.A. 453 and 1976 MI P.A. 220, Title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and the Americans with Disabilities Act). If you believe that you have been discriminated against in any program, activity or facility, or if you desire additional information, please write the MDNR Office of Legal Services, P.O. Box 30028, Lansing, MI 48909; or the Michigan Department of Civil Rights, State of Michigan, Plaza Building, 1200 6th Ave., Detroit, MI 48226 or the Office of Human Resources, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office for Diversity and Civil Rights Programs, 4040 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA. 22203. For information or assistance on this publication, contact the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Division, Box 30446, Lansing, MI 48909, or call 517-373-1280. This publication is available in alternative formats. Printed under authority of Michigan Department of Natural Resources �������� ��� Total number of copies printed 410 — Total cost $1,914.14 — Cost per copy $4.67 Jordan River Assessment Suggested Citation Format Hay, R.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Fishing Guide
    2021 Michigan Fishing Guide Rules apply from April 1, 2021 - March 31, 2022 Get the digital guide at Michigan.gov/DNRDigests MICHIGAN FISHING LICENSE INFORMATION & REQUIREMENTS License Items & Fees Purchase your fshing license (and more) online at Michigan.gov/DNRLicenses. Item Type Fee DNR Sportcard $1 All -Species Fishing Licenses Resident Annual $26* Nonresident Annual $76* Senior Annual (Residents 65 or older or Residents who are legally blind – see p. 6) $11* Daily Fish (Resident or Nonresident) $10/day Angler can buy from 1 to 6 consecutive days Voluntary Youth (16 and under) $2* Combo Hunt/Fish Licenses (Base, Annual Fishing, 2 Deer) Hunt/Fish Resident $76* Hunt/Fish Senior Resident $43* Hunt/Fish Nonresident $266* Lost Licenses Lost your license? See the gray box below for instructions on getting a replacement. Fishing license fees are waived for Michigan residents who are veterans with 100% disability or active-duty military (see p. 6). All fshing licenses are good for all species allowed for harvest as indicated in this Fishing Guide. A $1 surcharge is included in the combo hunt and fsh licenses, resident annual, nonresident annual, and senior annual fshing licenses, as noted with the asterisk (*). Revenue generated from these funds will be used to educate the public on the benefts of hunting, fshing and trapping in Michigan, and the impact of these activities on the conservation, preservation and management of the state’s natural resources in accordance with statute. Learn more at Michigan.gov/DNR. Who needs a Michigan fshing license? Any adult actively assisting a minor must have A license is required when targeting fsh, a fshing license.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LAND by the LAKES Nearshore Terrestrial Ecosystems
    State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference 1996 Background Paper THE LAND BY THE LAKES Nearshore Terrestrial Ecosystems Ron Reid Bobolink Enterprises Washago, Ontario Canada Karen Holland U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chicago, Illinois U.S.A. October 1997 ISBN 0-662-26033-3 EPA 905-R-97-015c Cat. No. En40-11/35-3-1997E ii The Land by the Lakes—SOLEC 96 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................. v 1. Overview of the Land by the Lakes .................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................ 1 1.2 Report Structure ......................................................... 2 1.3 Conclusion ............................................................. 2 1.4 Key Observations ........................................................ 3 1.5 Moving Forward ......................................................... 5 2. The Ecoregional Context .......................................................... 6 2.1 Why Consider Ecoregional Context? .......................................... 6 2.2 Classification Systems for Great Lakes Ecoregions ............................... 7 3. Where Land and Water Meet ....................................................... 9 3.1 Changing Shapes and Structures ............................................. 9 3.1.1 Crustal Tilting ................................................. 10 3.1.2 Climate ....................................................... 10 3.1.3 Erosion ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Betsie River Watershed Restoration Committee
    Betsie River Watershed Restoration Committee Date: Tuesday, April 25, 2017 from 1pm to 3pm at the Weldon Township Hall in Thompsonville Facilitator: Kimberly Balke Notes taken by: Kimberly Balke Committee Members Present: Kimberly Balke, Conservation Resource Alliance (CRA) Katie Grzesiak, Northern Michigan Invasive Species Network Mark Tonello, MDNR Fisheries Division Casey Ressl, Conservation Resource Alliance (CRA) John Ransom, Benzie Conservation District (BCD) Max Bromley, Springdale Township & Betsie River Landowner Matt Skeels, Benzie County Road Commission Chris Sullivan, Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy Ed Hoogterp, Betsie Crystal Lake Watershed Management Plan Charles Mayer, Citizen & Betsie Landowner Mike Parshall, Betsie Landowner Bob Hahn, US Bridge Ron Hitesman, Weldon Township & Betsie River Landowner Ron Evitts, Colfax Township Craig Meredith, Betsie River Sportsman’s Club Ed Kowalski, Joyfield Township resident Agenda: Introductions were made, meeting notes from September 2016 were approved, and the meeting proceeded as follows: River Care Financial Report The 1st quarter River Care financial report 2017 is attached. There was a $100 contribution from Suzanne Wilson (a thank you letter was sent) and no expenditures in the Betsie River Care fund this quarter leaving a $2,731.39 balance. There is $3,735.45 in the Betsie endowment. Crystal Lake/Betsie River Watershed Plan Update With the plan now approved by MDEQ to meet EPA standards, next steps will be explored by Ed Hoogterp and Scott Gest this summer. One consideration is streamlining/funding the monitoring system for the watershed between Networks Northwest, Benzie Conservation District and others to include flow, chemistry, aquatic insects on a regular basis. Invasive Plant Species Work Katie Grzesiak provided the following information (also see attached annual report): • ISN survey crew is funded into 2017 to treat Betsie Lake and the lower Betsie River for aquatic invasive plant species.
    [Show full text]
  • A JOURNAL of Historical Reflections and Current Perspectives of Crystal Lake, Its Watershed, & Benzie County
    “CRYSTALANA” A JOURNAL OF Historical Reflections and Current Perspectives of Crystal Lake, Its Watershed, & Benzie County, MI. As compiled by Dr. Stacy Leroy Daniels, a humble saunterer, and ”President pro tem, Benzie Co. River Improvement Co., Est. 1873”. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2019. “Crystal Lake Watershed and Bathymetry of Crystal Lake, Benzie County, Michigan, with Historic Canals and Modern Features of Interest”, Produced by Stacy Leroy Daniels, “President pro tem Benzie Co. River Improvement Co.” © 2018. (Copies of this map (12” x 18”) & synopsis of the “Tragi-Comedy” available for separate purchase.) “CRYSTALANA” Vol. 2, No. 3, 2019. Issue Theme: “A MAP: A PLAN; A CANAL; A BEACH – THE COMEDY OF CRYSTAL LAKE” Table of Contents Historical Reflection: Synopsis of the “Tragi-Comedy" of Crystal Lake Current Perspective: Consequences of the “The Tragi-Comedy" of Crystal Lake People: The Historic Map Places: The Modern Map Phenomena: Table of Parameters Potpourri: Factoids Prologue The sun awaits its birth o'er quiet Lake A glow behind the night, yet to dispense the dark. The lightening hills, still ghostly, anticipate the dawn But peace still reigns; no discontent lies within my heart. And as I stroll along the rippled sands Peace walks with me – I wait and sigh For that beckoning voice beneath the ripple of the waves To tell me, "Be ye still, for God is neigh". And so, yet lovely Lake, I pour out forth to you This message from my soul. No longer ache Forever after me as I depart this life. Remember calm and stormy inspiration, Crystal Lake. -- Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • BENZIE COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER HOURS 448 Court Place, Beulah, Michigan 49617
    Revised: 7/25/2017 BENZIE COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER HOURS 448 Court Place, Beulah, Michigan 49617 www.benzieco.net 8:00A.M. TO 12:00 NOON 1:00 P.M. TO 5:00 P.M. GOVERNMENT CENTER CLOSED SATURDAYS AND SUNDAYS The Government Center will be closed for the following holidays: New Years Day Martin Luther King Day Presidents Day Memorial Day Independence Day Labor Day Veterans Day Thanksgiving Day after Thanksgiving Day before Christmas Christmas Day Day before New Years If the holiday falls on a Saturday, the Government Center will be closed the preceding Friday. If it falls on a Sunday, the Government Center will be closed the following Monday. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND DISTRICTS – All terms end 12/31/2018 DISTRICT 1 – BOB ROELOFS - R Almira Township – East of Reynolds Road PO Box 81, Lake Ann, MI 49650 (231) 645-1187 [email protected] DISTRICT 2 – ART JEANNOT - R Almira Township West of Reynolds Road, Platte & Lake Townships PO Box 317, Honor, MI 49640 (231) 920-5028 [email protected] DISTRICT 3 – ROGER GRINER - R Crystal Lake Township & City of Frankfort 316 Michigan Avenue, Frankfort, MI 49635 (231) 651-0757 DISTRICT 4 – COURY CARLAND - D Benzonia Township PO Box 555, Beulah, MI 49617-0666 (989) 621-4832 [email protected] DISTRICT 5 – FRANK WALTERHOUSE – R Homestead Township 2383 Valley Road, PO Box 7, Honor, MI 49640 (231) 325-2964 – home (231) 510-1840 – cell [email protected] DISTRICT 6 – EVAN WARSECKE - R Inland & Colfax Townships 448 Court Place, Beulah, MI 49617 (231) 275-3375 [email protected] DISTRICT 7 – GARY SAUER – R Blaine, Gilmore, Joyfield and Weldon Townships 4558 Mick Road, Frankfort, MI 49635 (231) 651-0647 [email protected] Regular County Board of Commissioners’ meetings are held on the 2nd and 4 th Tuesday of each month with the exception of March and November having one meeting and December meetings being held on the 1 st and 3 rd Tuesdays.
    [Show full text]
  • FISHING GUIDE — Rules Apply from April 1, 2016 Through March 31, 2018 —
    2016-2017 MICHIGAN FISHING GUIDE — Rules apply from April 1, 2016 through March 31, 2018 — ATTENTION ANGLERS! Please note this is a two-year guide. The regulations in this guide cover 2016 and 2017. This guide is available online at michigan.gov/fishingguide Save money. Live better. With 94 stores and counting throughout Michigan, Walmart is your destination for all your fishing needs. Go to Walmart.com to find the store nearest you! 2016-2017 MICHIGAN FISHING GUIDE The Michigan Department of Natural – CONTENTS – Resources is committed to the Amphibians and Reptiles ................................................ 22 conservation, protection, management, use Angler Harassment Information...................................33 and enjoyment of the state’s natural and cultural resources for current and future Angler Rights On Public Streams .................................33 generations. Aquatic Invasive Plants and Animals .................. 60-61 Boat Registration Information .......................................62 • • • Bow and Spear Fishing Regulations .................... 16-17 The Michigan Natural Resources Common Terms ..................................................................8-9 Commission (NRC) is a seven-member public Customer Service Centers ...............................................59 body whose members are appointed by Description of Inland Waters ........................................ 7-7 the governor and subject to the advice and Eat Safe Fish ............................................................................32
    [Show full text]
  • Business and Service Guide Call Sandy at 231-408-3532 to Advertise Here
    Business and Service Guide Call Sandy at 231-408-3532 to Advertise Here Complete Heating, Cooling, Plumbing, Generator Service & Installation Reliable power with options. 24 HOUR EMERGENCY SERVICE FREE ESTIMATES 231-325-3079 1-800-504-1058 Power your fun or cover an emergency. From America’s #1 Glen Lake Electric, Inc. Model XG 8000E Licensed • Insured home standby generator to the most powerful portable Sales & Service Locally Owned generator on the market, Generac brings more choices in 231.325.2340 affordable power solutions. Call today for more information 2191 Valley Rd • Honor WWW.MOOREMECH.NET on our products and services. GlenLakeElectric.com CITY OF FRANKFORT, MICHIGAN Ordinance # D-2 of 2020 At a special meeting of the Frank- fort City Council held on August 3, 2020, the City Council adopted this Ordinance No. D-2 of 2020 in ac- cordance with Section 5.2 of the City Charter and Section 1203 of the 1999 Revised Frankfort Municip- al Code as set forth below: Preamble The City Council for the City of Frankfort has determined that re- sponse activity to incidents requir- ing emergency and non-emergency services has been increasing for several years, while certain state and federal requirements and regu- lations involving equipment and training have created additional de- mands on all operational aspects of the local fire departmentʼs services. It is further determined that main- taining an effective response capab- ility decreases the costs of incid- ents to insurance carriers, busi- nesses, and individuals through timely and effective management of emergency situations, saving lives, and reducing property and environ- mental damage.
    [Show full text]