Stesichorus on Stage Laura Swift
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Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research Journal
www.rersearch-chronicler.com Research Chronicler ISSN-2347-503X International Multidisciplinary Research journal Oedipus Rex in English and Arabic Drama: An Analogy Fathia S. Al-Ghoreibi Department of European Languages, King Abdul-Aziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Abstract The present paper deals with the Oedipal theme as was treated by Sophocles in Oedipus Rex and then imitated first in Oedipus written in collaboration by John Dryden and Nathaniel Lee in English literature, and then in Arabic literature by Tawfiq Al-Hakim in his King Oedipus and Ali Ahmed Bakathir in Oedipus' Tragedy. The study investigates changes made by the three writers in the plot and main characters and in some issues and dramatic elements of the tragedy. These changes are introduced by the playwrights to make their versions acceptable to their contemporary audiences. The purposes of the three writers are considered to see how far they have succeeded in fulfilling them. Key Words: Greek myth, Arabic drama, adaptation, social and political criticism Most of the men of letters who treated or suffering greatly. In trying to find the rather wrote on the Oedipus myth were cause of their misery, the citizens come to under the impact, to varying extents, of King Oedipus as suppliants to urge him Sophocles' masterpiece, Oedipus Rex. The deliver their town. The oracle brought present study will shed light on points of from Delphi is essentially the same with congruence and differences in Sophocles' the four playwrights. In Oedipus Rex, tragedy on the one hand, and Dryden' Creon reveals Phoebus' order to wreak Oedipus, Al-Hakim's King Oedipus and vengeance on Laius' murderer so as to put Bakathir's Oedipus' Tragedy on the other. -
Didactic Poetry: the Hellenistic Invention of a Pre-Existing Genre
in Richard Hunter, Antonios Rengakos, and Evina Sistakou (eds.), Hellenistic Studies at a Crossroads: Exploring Texts, Contexts and Metatexts, Trends in Classics, Supplementary Volume 25 (Berlin 2014) David Sider Didactic poetry: The Hellenistic invention of a pre-existing genre For all that it is almost a cliché that Hellenistic poets were acutely aware of genre —who before Callimachus would or could have boasted of his πολυείδεια?—,¹ discussions, let alone definitions, of didactic poetry as a genre are scarce. Why bother, when it seems so obvious? Look at Aratus and Nicander, whose model was Hesiod, and nothing more need be said. Nonetheless, that will be my aim here. There have of course been many useful studies of classical didactic poetry,² some of which offer various classifications (see below); yet I have long felt that insufficient attention has been paid, both by the ancients themselves and by us today, to the development of the poems called didactic, although modern termi- nology and the ancients are not in complete agreement as to what constitutes a Bibliography at end. Some earlier poets did in fact write in more than one genre, but could have boasted of it only in particular terms, i.e., by specifying “I write poems of type X and Y,” as we see at the end of the Symposium 223d ὁμολογεῖναὐτοὺςτοῦαὐτοῦἀνδρὸςεἶναι κωμῳδίαν καὶ τραγῳδίαν ἐπίστασθαι ποιεῖν, καὶ τὸν τέχνῃ τραγῳδοποιὸν ὄντα <καὶ> κωμῳδοποιὸνεἶναι (“They agreed that the same man can know how to compose both comedy and tragedy, and that the skilled tragic poet is also a skilled writer of comedies”)—to which one can add that Plato has himself done this within this very dialogue, adding satyrography, as Bacon (1959) shows. -
Llt 121 Classical Mythology Lecture 32 Good Morning
LLT 121 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY LECTURE 32 GOOD MORNING AND WELCOME TO LLT 121 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN WHICH WE RESUME OUR ADVENTURES IN THE CITY OF THEBES. THE CITY THAT THE GODS SEEM TO LOVE TO HATE. THE ORIGINAL FOUNDER TURNS INTO A SNAKE. WE'VE GOT THAT AT THEBES. A YOUNG MAN IS TURNED INTO A STAG FOR SEEING ARTEMIS BATHING IN THE NUDE. YES, WE HAVE THAT AT THEBES. THE SON KILLS THE FATHER. WE HAVE GOT THAT. WE DO THAT AT THEBES. THE SON MARRIES MOTHER. WE DO THAT TOO. BROTHER KILLS BROTHER, YEP. IF IT'S BAD AND IT HAPPENED IN ANCIENT GREEK MYTHOLOGY YOU CAN BET IT HAPPENED AT ANCIENT THEBES. I'VE ALREADY TOLD YOU WHY THAT IS. IT HAPPENS TO BE RIGHT NEXT DOOR TO ATHENS. WHERE I WANT TO START TODAY IS WITH ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN ALL WESTERN CIVILIZATION, ONE OF THE MOST COMPLEX PEOPLE YOU'LL EVER WANT TO MEET. THIS GUY IS BY THE NAME OF OEDIPUS. OEDIPUS STARTS OFF AS A LITTLE BABY. HE IS A CUTE LITTLE BABY. HE USED TO BE A LITTLE BOY. THEN HE WINDS UP AS THIS SAD, MULING, PUKING, UNHAPPY MAN WHO HAS POKED HIS OWN EYES OUT WITH A BROOCH. THIS IS THE GORE DRIPPING OUT OF HIS EYES AND ALL OF THAT BECAUSE HE SUFFERS FROM CLASSICAL GREEK MYTHOLOGY'S WORST DOCUMENTED CASE OF ARTIMONTHONO. NOW I GET IT. I PAUSE FOR YOUR QUESTIONS UP TO THIS POINT. WHEN LAST WE LEFT OFF LAIUS HAD BECOME KING AFTER A LONG WAIT WITH SOME INTERESTING MATHEMATICS BEHIND IT IF YOU'LL RECALL. -
Seneca's Phoenician Women — Genre, Structure, Thematic Unity
UDC 821.124 Philologia Classica. 2021. Vol. 16. Fasc. 1 Seneca’s Phoenician Women — Genre, Structure, Thematic Unity Tomasz Sapota University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Humanities, pl. Sejmu Śląskiego 1, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; [email protected] Iwona Słomak University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Humanities, pl. Sejmu Śląskiego 1, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; [email protected] For citation: Sapota T., Słomak I. Seneca’s Phoenician Women — Genre, Structure, Thematic Unity. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2021.107 This article revises current perspectives on the generic status, composition, and subject mat- ter of Phoenician Women by Seneca. It adopts a new approach, focusing on selected elements of text organisation. In particular, emphasis is given to the construction of characters and the analogies and contrasts between them which were already of interest to ancient poetics and rhetoric. Moreover, the article refers to observations, accurate but isolated and largely ignored, made by scholars who recognised Seneca’s originality and suggested that his plays might have been inspired by the declamatory tradition and should be read in the context of evolving post- classical literature. By adopting this perspective, it becomes possible to bring together a large number of partial conclusions that are related to Phoenician Women as well as other plays by Seneca. What is more important, the work brings to light the purposeful composition of the drama and its thematic unity, allowing us to return to the MS versions that until now have been replaced by conjectures, which often distort the meaning of the text. -
Antigone's Line
Bulletin de la Société Américaine de Philosophie de Langue Française Volume 14, Number 2, Fall 2005 Antigone’s Line Mary Beth Mader “Leader: What is your lineage, stranger? Tell us—who was your father? Oedipus: God help me! Dear girl, what must I suffer now? Antigone: Say it. You’re driven right to the edge.”1 Sophocles’ Antigone has solicited many superlatives. Hölderlin considered the play to be the most difficult, the most enigmatic and the most essentially Greek of plays. This paper treats a matter of enigma in the play, one that is crucial to understanding the central stakes of the drama. Its main purpose is to propose a novel account of this enigma and briefly to contrast this account with two other readings of the play. One passage in particular has prompted the view that the play is extremely enigmatic; it is a passage that has been read with astonishment by many commentators and taken to demand explanation. This is Antigone’s defense speech at lines 905-914. Here, she famously provides what appear to her to be reasons for her burying her brother Polynices against the explicit command of her king and uncle, Creon. Her claim is that she would not have deliberately violated Creon’s command, would not have ANTIGONE’S LINE intentionally broken his law or edict, had this edict barred her from burying a child or a husband of hers. She states that if her husband or child had died “there might have been another.” But since both her mother and father are dead, she reasons, “no brother could ever spring to light again.”2 Reasoning of this sort has a precedent in a tale found in Herodotus’ Histories, and Aristotle cites it in Rhetoric as an example of giving an explanation for something that one’s auditors may at first find incredible.3 To Aristotle, then, Antigone’s defense speech appears to have been “rhetorically satisfactory,” as Bernard Knox says.4 However, such a reception is rare among commentators.5 1. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The legend of Oedipus in fth century tragedy at Athens Bailey, S. K. How to cite: Bailey, S. K. (1955) The legend of Oedipus in fth century tragedy at Athens, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9722/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk r 1 THE LEGEND OF OEDIPUS IN FIFTH CENTURY TRAGEDY AT ATHENS A THESIS SUJ3W:TTED BY S.K. BAILEY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LETTERS The aims of the thesis are (a) to mark what has been altered or added to the legend of Oedipus by the three great dramatists of the fifth century, and (b) to show that these alterations and additions were made with a· specific end in view. To further these aims it has been necessary to broaden somewhat the scope of the thesis so as to include in it a gathering together of the pre-Aeechylean versions of the story; in the case of Aeschylus a reconstruction of the two lost plays of the trilogy, and in the case of each poet a personal interpretation of the plays connected with the Oedipus legend. -
Enescu US 3/11/05 11:27 Page 16
660163-64 bk Enescu US 3/11/05 11:27 Page 16 ENESCU 2 CDs Oedipe Pederson • Silins • Damiani • Lipov‰ek Chorus and Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera Michael Gielen Above: Oedipus (Monte Pederson) Right: Michael Gielen 8.660163-64 16 660163-64 bk Enescu US 3/11/05 11:27 Page 2 George ENESCU (1881-1955) Oedipe, Op. 23 (Tragédie lyrique en 4 actes et 6 tableaux) Libretto by Edmond Fleg Below and right: Oedipus (Monte Pederson) Oedipe . Monte Pederson, Bass-baritone Tirésias . Egils Silins, Bass Créon . Davide Damiani, Baritone Le berger (The Shepherd) . Michael Roider, Tenor Le grand prêtre (The High Priest) . Goran Simi´c, Bass Phorbas . Peter Köves, Bass Le veilleur (The Watchman) . Walter Fink, Bass Thésée . Yu Chen, Baritone Laïos . Josef Hopferwieser, Tenor Jocaste/La Sphinge (The Sphinx) . Marjana Lipov‰ek, Mezzo-soprano Antigone . Ruxandra Donose, Soprano Mérope . Mihaela Ungureanu, Mezzo-soprano Chorus of the Vienna State Opera Répétiteur: Erwin Ortner Vienna Boys Choir Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera Stage Orchestra of the Austrian Federal Theatres Michael Gielen 8.660163-64 2 15 8.660163-64 660163-64 bk Enescu US 3/11/05 11:27 Page 14 CD 1 63:53 CD 2 64:33 Act I (Prologue) Act III 1 Prelude 4:31 1 Oh! Oh! Hélas! Hélas! 9:04 (Chorus, Oedipus, High Priest, Creon) 2 Roi Laïos, en ta maison 6:56 (Women, High Priest, Warriors, 2 Divin Tirésias, très cher, très grand 6:02 Shepherds, Creon) (Oedipus, Tiresias, Creon, Chorus) 3 Les Dieux ont béni l’enfant 8:11 3 Qu’entends-je, Oedipe? 12:37 (High Priest, Jocasta, Laius, (Jocasta, -
Lecture 18 Good Morning and Welcome to LLT121 Classical Mythology
Lecture 18 Good morning and welcome to LLT121 Classical Mythology. In the next two or three class periods, we will be considering the goddess Artemis and her twin brother Apollo, two deities who, to a greater or lesser, extent represent this idea that the ancient Greeks must bow down before the divine. If you will recall from our last few class meetings, we talked about Dionysus, the god who was the externalization of partying, wine, and ecstatic possession, feel the power, feel the god inside you, feel the burn, and tear a few live animals apart. We also discussed the goddess Aphrodite, that wild and crazy goddess who is the externalization of the power of love, the power that, if you are lucky, at some point or another in your life, turns your mind to Jell-o and turns you into a love automaton. I wish you all such good luck. This is one half of the Greek psyche and this is one half of everybody’s psyche. The other half is represented by Artemis and Apollo, a goddess and a god who stand for getting a grip. Artemis is a virgin. She guards her virginity jealously. We’re going to go over a few stories this morning talking about what a bad career move it is to try to put the moves on the goddess Artemis. The god Apollo is not exactly chased. He is a bundle of contradictions, which represents, in and of himself, the full range of contradictions located, again, in the human psyche. When I believe it was Nietzsche who wanted to formulate his idea of the cosmic, he didn’t take out, oh, say, Artemis and Aphrodite. -
(2018). Gazing at Helen with Stesichorus. in A. Kampakoglou, & A
Finglass, P. J. (2018). Gazing at Helen with Stesichorus. In A. Kampakoglou, & A. Novokhatko (Eds.), Gaze, Vision, and Visuality in Ancient Greek Literature (pp. 140–159). (Trends in Classics Supplements; Vol. 54). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110571288-007 Peer reviewed version License (if available): CC BY-NC-ND Link to published version (if available): 10.1515/9783110571288-007 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via De Gruyter at DOI 10.1515/9783110571288-007. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ GAZING AT HELEN WITH STESICHORUS P. J. Finglass οἳ δ’ ὡς οὖν εἴδονθ’ Ἑλένην ἐπὶ πύργον ἰοῦσαν, 155 ἦκα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ’ ἀγόρευον· οὐ νέμεσις Τρῶας καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιοὺς τοιῆιδ’ ἀμφὶ γυναικὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἄλγεα πάσχειν· αἰνῶς ἀθανάτηισι θεῆις εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς τοίη περ ἐοῦσ’ ἐν νηυσὶ νεέσθω, 160 μηδ’ ἡμῖν τεκέεσσί τ’ ὀπίσσω πῆμα λίποιτο. Hom. Il. 3.154-60 When they saw Helen on her way to the tower, they began to speak winged words quietly to each other. ‘It is no cause for anger that the Trojans and well-greaved Achaeans should long suffer pains on behalf of such a woman. -
Thebaid 2: Oedipus Descendants of Cadmus
Thebaid 2: Oedipus Descendants of Cadmus Cadmus = Harmonia Aristaeus = Autonoe Ino Semele Agave = Echion Pentheus Actaeon Polydorus (?) Autonoe = Aristaeus Actaeon Polydorus (?) • Aristaeus • Son of Apollo and Cyrene • Actaeon • While hunting he saw Artemis bathing • Artemis set his own hounds on him • Polydorus • Either brother or son of Autonoe • King of Cadmeia after Pentheus • Jean-Baptiste-Camile Corot ca. 1850 Giuseppe Cesari, ca. 1600 House of Cadmus Hyrieus Cadmus = Harmonia Dirce = Lycus Nycteus Autonoe = Aristaeus Zeus = Antiope Nycteis = Polydorus Zethus Amphion Labdacus Laius Tragedy of Antiope • Polydorus: • king of Thebes after Pentheus • m. Nycteis, sister of Antiope • Polydorus died before Labdacus was of age. • Labdacus • Child king after Polydorus • Regency of Nycteus, Lycus Thebes • Laius • Child king as well… second regency of Lycus • Zethus and Amphion • Sons of Antiope by Zeus • Jealousy of Dirce • Antiope imprisoned • Zethus and Amphion raised by shepherds Zethus and Amphion • Returned to Thebes: • Killed Lycus • Tied Dirce to a wild bull • Fortified the city • Renamed it Thebes • Zethus and his family died of illness Death of Dirce • The Farnese Bull • 2nd cent. BC • Asinius Pollio, owner • 1546: • Baths of Caracalla • Cardinal Farnese • Pope Paul III Farnese Bull Amphion • Taught the lyre by Hermes • First to establish an altar to Hermes • Married Niobe, daughter of Tantalus • They had six sons and six daughters • Boasted she was better than Leto • Apollo and Artemis slew every child • Amphion died of a broken heart Niobe Jacques Louis David, 1775 Cadmus = Harmonia Aristeus =Autonoe Ino Semele Agave = Echion Nycteis = Polydorus Pentheus Labdacus Menoecius Laius = Iocaste Creon Oedipus Laius • Laius and Iocaste • Childless, asked Delphi for advice: • “Lord of Thebes famous for horses, do not sow a furrow of children against the will of the gods; for if you beget a son, that child will kill you, [20] and all your house shall wade through blood.” (Euripides Phoenissae) • Accidentally, they had a son anyway. -
Finglass, PJ (2018). Stesichorus and Greek Tragedy. in R. Andújar
Finglass, P. J. (2018). Stesichorus and Greek tragedy. In R. Andújar, T. Coward, & T. A. Hadjimichael (Eds.), Paths of Song. The Lyric Dimension of Greek Tragedy (pp. 19–37). [1] (Trends in Classics Supplements; Vol. 58). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/497398 Peer reviewed version License (if available): CC BY-NC-ND Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via De Gruyter at https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/497398. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Stesichorus and Greek Tragedy P. J. Finglass In Athens of the fifth century [Stesichorus] was universally known . There was scarcely a poet then living who was not influenced by [him], scarcely a poet who did not, consciously or unconsciously, represent his version of the great sagas. In tracing the historical development of any myth, research almost always finds in Stêsichorus the main bridge between the earliest remains of the story and the form it has in tragedy or in the late epos. In the Agamemnon legend, for instance, the concentration of the interest upon Clytaemnestra, which makes the story a true tragedy instead of an ordinary tale of blood-feud, is his; Clytaemnestra’s dream of giving suck to a serpent is his; the conscience-mad Orestes is probably his; so are many of the details of the sack of Troy, among them, if the tradition is right, the flight of Aeneas to Italy. -
The Story of Oedipus: Prequel to Antigone
The Story of Oedipus: Prequel to Antigone • LAIUS is left an orphaned minor by his father Labdacus • AMPHION AND ZETHUS rule Thebes (Build the Cadmeia) and exile Laius • Laius goes to live in Elis (PISA) with King Pelops (son of Tantalus son of Zeus) • Laius becomes very good friends with young Chrysippus, youngest child of King Pelops • Laius and Chrysippus run away together (or Laius rapes Chrysippus). Pelops curses Laius. • Laius returns to Thebes and becomes King • Laius marries his cousin Jocasta, but they are childless • Laius goes to Delphi and intends to ask Apollo's advice; Apollo announces that Laius will have a child who will kill him • Laius and Jocasta have a baby son (Oedipus) whom they plan to kill. The royal shepherd is ordered to dispose of the child on Mt. Cithaeron. Instead he gives Oedipus to the royal Corinthian shepherd. • The Royal Corinthian Shepherd takes the child back to the childless king and queen of Corinth (Polybus and Merope), who adopt him. • At about the age of 18, at a dinner party, one of Oedipus' friends makes a rude remark about his not being a real Corinthian but only adopted. Oedipus is shocked and shamed, and goes off to Delphi to ask Apollo about the truth. • Apollo tells Oedipus he is doomed to kill his father and sleep with his mother. • Oedipus unknowingly kills his father Laius (within hours, at The Three Ways) • Oedipus kills the SPHINX on the way from the Three Ways to Thebes • Oedipus is received at Thebes as a national hero, and invited to marry the recently widowed queen Jocasta.