WHITE STORK POPULATIONS ACROSS THE WORLD Distribution, population size and dynamics of the White Stork in in 2004 2005

Ferenc Kósa, “Babes-Bolyai” University Fac. of Biology and Geology

Zusammenfassung For 2004-2005, 4,008 breeding pairs (HPa) have been recorded Der 6. Internationale Weißstorchzensus wurde in Rumäni- at 2,083 localities in 40 . The mean popula- en durch die beiden ornithologischen Gesellschaften „Milvus tion density (StD) for the whole country was 4.33 HPa/100 km². Group“ - Gesellschaft für Vogel- und Naturschutz und die Ru- It is believed that the count in 2004/05 did not cover the whole mänische ornithologische Gesellschaft/BirdLife Romania (SOR) population. Based on results of inventories carried out in addi- organisiert und durchgeführt. Die meisten Erfassungen erfolgten tional years between 2003 and 2007, the Romanian White Stork zwischen dem 25. Juni und dem 10. August 2004, wobei ca. 90% population is estimated to be 5,000-6,000 breeding pairs (HPa). der Daten gesammelt wurden. Die restlichen 10% der Daten wur- Population increases were recorded only in the core areas: in the den 2005 erfasst. Nur rund 13% der Zensusdaten wurden durch north-western part of the country (), in the Fragebögen ermittelt. Upper river basin ( county and the southern part of ) and . Population declines were re- Es wurden 2004-2005 in Rumänien 4.008 Brutpaare (HPa) in corded in the Upper and Middle Mures river basin (Mures county 2.083 Gemeinden in 40 Landkreisen gezählt. Die durchschnitt- and the northern part of Harghita county) and in Brasov county. liche Siedlungsdichte (StD) betrug für die Gesamtfläche 4,33 HPa/100 km². Basisierend auf die Ergebnisse von Zählungen, die Mean productivity (JZa) and mean fledged brood size (JZm) zwischen 2003 und 2007 durchgeführt wurden, kann die Gesamt- values for Romania were 2.69 and 2.99 respectively. The percenta- population in Rumänien auf 5.000 – 6.000 Paare (HPa) hochge- ge of unsuccessful pairs (%HPo) was low, at only 5.01%. rechnet werden. Ein Populationsanstieg wurde nur in den Kern- verbreitungsgebieten im nordwestlichen Landesteil (Landkreis Introduction Satu Mare), in der oberen Olt Flussaue (Landkreis Covasna und südlicher Teil des Landkreises Harghita) und im Landkreis Sibiu The White Stork is distributed over the entire territory of Roma- registriert. Ein Bestandsrückgang wurde der oberen und mittle- nia and the population size estimated by the previous internatio- ren Flussaue des Mures (Landkreis Mures und Nordteil des Land- nal census was 4,000 - 6,000 breeding pairs (WEBER 1999). The kreises Harghita) und im Landkreis Brasov festgestellt. earliest description of a Romanian stork nest is found in Luigi Fernando Marsigli’s 1726 book (Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus) Der Gesamtbruterfolg (JZa) in Rumänien betrug 2,69 Junge pro (Fig. 1). The first regional White Stork census was conducted Paar und der Bruterfolg pro erfolgreichem Paar (JZm) 2,99. Der between 1909-1915 by Jakab Schenk (SALMEN 1980), but more Anteil der nicht erfolgreichen Paare (%HPo) lag mit 5,01% sehr detailed surveys were not carried out until the second half of the niedrig. 20th century.

Since the previous international census, data on the numbers and population trends of the White Stork in Romania have been pu- Summary blished by the following authors: ARDELEAN et al. (2000), DE- METER (2001), GYÖRGY (2005), GYÖRGY & URÁK (2002), In Romania the Census was organised and conducted by two or- IONCIO (2004), KOHL (1995), KÓSA (2001, 2005a), KÓSA et al. nithological societies: the Association for Bird and Nature Protec- (2001, 2002a, 2002b, 2005b), LUTSCH (2004), PAP (1995), PAP tion “Milvus Group” and the Romanian Ornithological Society/ & SZABÓ (1996), PHILIPPI (1997), PHILIPPI (2001), SZABÓ BirdLife Romania (SOR). The main survey period was from 25 & PAPP (1996). June to 10 August 2004, when c.90% of the data have been col- lected. The remaining c.10% of the data have been collected in 2005. 13% of the census data were obtained by questionnaires, the remainder by counts on the ground. Methods White Storks are unevenly distributed in Romania. The highest The 6th International White Stork Census was organised and con- densities are found in the Upper and Middle Olt river basin (Har- ducted in Romania by the two ornithological societies: the As- gita, Covasna, Brasov and Sibiu counties), along the river sociation for Bird and Nature Protection “Milvus Group” (www. and in the north-western and south-western parts of the country milvus.ro) and the Romanian Ornithological Society /BirdLife (Satu Mare and Timis counties respectively). Locally, breeding Romania (SOR) (www.sor.ro). The contribution of the two orga- densities can reach 50 pairs/100 km2 (Fig. 2), which is close to the nisations to the census was 50% - 50%. highest densities in Europe.

The main survey period was from 25 June to 10 August 2004, Although the highest breeding densities are now found in the when ~90% out of our data were collected. The other ~10% of the Ciuc Basin, Kováts (cited by KÓSA et al. 2002a) put forward a data were collected in 2005. GPS coordinates of more than 1,300 hypothesis based on the memories of elderly local people, that co- nests were recorded. In the period 2003-2005 the author visited lonization of the Ciuc Basin by White Storks is a relatively recent more than 50% of the recorded nests. development: the first nests appeared as recently as the second half of the 19th century, and spread from south to north. This hy- Only ~13% of the census data were obtained by questionnaires. A pothesis is apparently supported by the breeding data from the unique questionnaire form was produced and sent to the regional Upper and Middle Olt River Basin, published in the ornitholo- Environmental Agencies (APM), along with a letter describing gical journal Aquila for the period 1906-1910: out of a total of 49 the 6th International White Stork Census and the importance of “stork villages” only one, Sâncraieni is mentioned from the Ciuc counting storks. Basin. Some ringing recoveries also support the hypothesis of Ko- váts. Helpful letters of support for the survey were received from the Secretary of State for Biodiversity Conservation and Biohazard, Breeding pairs were found in 925 10-km UTM squares (out of the Ministry of Waters and Environmental Protection and from a total of 2,505 squares covering Romania) (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). The the Committee of Nature Monuments from the Romanian Aca- 2004-2005 distribution thus covers 36.9% of the total area of Ro- demy of Sciences. mania. As forests and high mountainous regions represent ~41% of Romania, we can conclude that ~22.1% of the country was not The previous census recorded 1,627-1,920 breeding pairs (HPa) covered by the census. at 778-871 localities (WEBER 1993, 1996, 1999). In 2004-2005 in Romania, 4,008 breeding pairs were recorded at 2,083 localities Based on the results of the censuses carried out between 2003 and in 40 counties. 2007, the Romanian White Stork population is estimated to be 5,000-6,000 breeding pairs. The following White Stork population parameters were recorded and calculated: Altitudinal distribution HPa – number of pairs occupying a nest, nesting pairs (HPa=HPm+HPo+HPx); In Romania, 61.8% of 4,585 nests were found at altitudes between 0-200 m, 33.5% between 200-600 m and only 4.7% higher than HPm – number of successful pairs; 600 m; no nests were found above 1,000 m (Fig. 4). The mean HPo – number of pairs occupying a nest but with no young altitude of all localities with stork nests was 248.4 m. The highest fledged; occupied stork nest in Romania was at (Hargita county), HPx – number of pairs with unknown breeding success; 924 m above sea level. JZG – total number of fledged young in a defined area per year; In the Upper and Middle Olt River Basin, 64% of 721 breeding JZa – productivity, average number of fledged young per pair pairs were found to nest at altitudes between 500-1,000 m, with related to all HPa of a defined area (JZG/HPa); only 36% nests between 300-500 m. To the best of our knowled- JZm – mean fledged brood size (JZG/HPm); ge, this altitudinal distribution is unique for the Carpathian Basin StD – “Stork density”: number of pairs (HPa) per 100 km² of a and probably also for Europe (KÓSA et al. 2002a). defined area. Breeding success Data analysis was carried out using FileMaker Pro and ArcView; the UTM distribution maps were produced in DMAP. Mean productivity (JZa) and mean fledged brood size (JZm) values for Romania were 2.69 and 2.99 respectively. The percenta- Distribution, population size and ge of unsuccessful pairs (%HPo) was low, at only 5.01%. The pro- portion of different brood sizes in Romania was as follows (Fig. density 5): 1 young (HPm1) – 3.52%, HPm2 – 28.57%, HPm3 – 37.31%, HPm4 – 26.59%, HPm5 – 3.88%. Five nests were recorded with The White Stork breeds throughout Romania, except in the high the remarkable fledged brood size of six young. mountains and forests. The distribution of breeding pairs (HPa) is presented in Figure 2. The species was identified in 2,083 localities Clumping and colonial nesting (Tab. 1). The mean population density (StD) for the whole area was 4.33 HPa/100 km2. We used the following definition for White Stork colonies: villages with at least 5 breeding pairs no more than 1 km from their ne-

2 arest neighbour (KÓSA et al. 2002a). White Stork colonies were pairs (HPa) compared to 2000 were recorded for the south-wes- identified at 179 localities. From a vulnerability, conservation and tern part of the country (Timis and Caras-Severin counties). monitoring point of view it is significant that just 8.6% of breeding localities support 37.7% of the entire Romanian breeding popu- We cannot exclude the possibility that population increases ob- lation. served in some regions (e.g. the Sibiu Basin) are the result of im- migration of breeding pairs from elsewhere (e.g. Brasov county). The largest stork colonies can be found at Cristian (28 pairs /HPa) and Sânsimion (26 pairs /HPa). White Stork protection activities during Nest site selection the 2004-2005 census years The most common nest supports in Romania are electricity py- “Bird of the Year” campaign lons (83.9%), buildings (12.2%) and trees (3.5%) (Tab. 1, Fig. 6). SOR and the Milvus Group dedicated the year 2004 to the pro- As shown in Table 2, there is regional variation in nest site choice. tection of the White Stork in Romania. Throughout the year, an The proportion of nests constructed on barns is the highest in Co- intensive media campaign was organized. In 2004, SOR publis- vasna county (30.6%), while chimneys are preferred in Brasov and hed: a leaflet about the life history and protection of the White Sibiu counties (23.9- 40.4%) (Tab. 1). Stork (14 pages, in A5 format with 32 pictures); a stork poster (A2 format) which was sent to all participants in census work; In recent decades, massive changes have been observed in nest site stickers; and a card-calendar for 2005. Nine different post-cards selection, with a shift from buildings to electricity pylons. There with White Stork photos were sent to all participants of the dra- have been marked differences in how this change has occurred wing competition. in different parts of the country. For example, 49 years ago, all White Stork nests in the Târgu Secuiesc Basin () A drawing competition targeting schoolchildren, “Our Neighbour were found on buildings or trees. In 1962-1963, Kováts found no - the White Stork”, was part of “The Year of the White Stork” acti- nests constructed on electric poles in the Ciuc and Târgu Secuiesc on, organized by SOR. The organizers invited all children under Basins. In 1973, Weber and Antal observed in Ciuc Basin only 18 to create drawings, paintings of other forms of plastic art pieces nests constructed on buildings and in trees. The first White Stork on the Bird of Year. 1,002 works from 892 children (drawings and nests placed on electricity poles in Romania were recorded in the paintings) were submitted to the organizers. The winning drawi- late 1960s by Dénes Emese in the Târgu Secuiesc Basin (). ngs of the competition were exhibited in three cities. The School Here, the proportion of nests on poles increased rapidly (Fig. 7): Inspectorates helped organise and publicise the events. The win- from 3.2% in 1978, to 15.6% in 1988, 54.3% in 2000 and 62.4% in ners received awards consisting of books, White Stork leaflets, 2003 (Kósa et al. 2002a). posters, and a diploma.

In the mid-1990s, artificial nest platforms began to be installed In 2005 and 2006, the Milvus Group organised a White Stork fes- on electricity poles in Romania in cooperation with the national tival in Dumbravioara. The Group also placed also a monitoring electricity company, and by 2006 about 1,100 poles in 18 counties camera on a stork nest here: visitors to the new Stork Museum can had been equipped with such platforms. watch live pictures of the life of storks.

Twenty White Stork corner exhibitions were prepared, each con- White Stork population dynamics sisting of eight A4 colour plates showing the life history and pro- between 1994 and 2004 tection of the White Stork, along with the White Stork poster, White Stork leaflet, postcards and stickers. Unfortunately, the detailed results of the former censuses con- ducted between 1993 and 1995 were not published and are not The “First Stork Seen this Year in My Locality” competition star- available for comparison. We have only the summary data, which ted at the end of February 2005 and lasted until 20th April. An cannot be used for studies on population dynamics. announcement (“Waiting for the Storks…”) was sent to all local SOR and Milvus branches, to the newspapers and to email bird Our estimates of population dynamics are based on monitoring lists in Romania. data obtained and published in the 1995-2005 period, mainly co- vering Transsylvania (the central and western part of Romania). An educational video about the life of the White Stork was pro- Table 2 shows regional differences in population trends. duced by the Milvus Group in December 2005, in SVCD and DVD formats (100 copies). The film presents critical moments in Population increases were recorded only in the core areas: in the the life of a family of White Storks, from pair-formation to la- north-west part of the country (Satu Mare county), in the Up- te-summer departure. per Olt river basin (Covasna county and the southern part of Harghita county) and Sibiu county. Numbers recovered to 1960s The Romanian White Stork web-site ( www.ciconia.ro ) was re- levels and are still increasing in the Ciuc, Târgu Secuiesc and Si- gistered and launched in April 2004, initially in Romanian only. biu Basins. Population declines were recorded in the Upper and The site holds pictures of storks, data about the distribution of the Middle Mures river basin (Mures county and the northern part of population in Romania, and downloadable versions of the census Harghita county) and in Brasov county: over the last 7-10 years, questionnaires. numbers decreased by ~14-24%. Minor changes in the number of

3 Development and adoption of a technical guide for KÓSA, F. (2005a). Rezultatele recensământului berzei albe (Ciconia ciconia) în România nest-supports în 2004. Migrans VII(2). 1–3. KÓSA, F., PAPP, T. & P.L. PAPP (2005b). Distribution, population size and dynamics of A Technical Guide was developed between 1999 and 2001, by the the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 1758) in the Târnava rivers basin (Roma- “Milvus Group” - Association for Bird and Nature Protection (the nia). Transylv. Rev. Syst. Ecol. Res. 2. 155–166. Tg Mures local branch of SOR). The guide was than adopted by LUTSCH, H. (2004). Situaţia cuibăritului berzei albe în judeţul Braşov în anul 1992. Scripta Ornitologica Romaniae, I. 109-112. (as a first draft) in 1999 and reprinted (in a second, revi- PAP, P. L. (1995). Recensământul berzei albe (Ciconia ciconia) în judeţul Mureş în anul sed, full color edition) in 2004. 1994. Milvus, 2(1). 10-13. PAP, P. L. & D.Z. SZABÓ (1996). Results of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) census in Mures Between 10th and 12th March 2005, together with the the Natio- County in 1995 in comparison with years 1974 and 1990. Milvus, 16-18. nal Electricity Authorities (Electrica S.A.), the SOR organised the PHILIPPI, F. (2001). Bestanderfassung des Weiβstorchs 1988-2000 im Kreis Hermann- second conference on „Storks and Power lines”. At the conferen- stadt (Sibiu – Rumänien). In: KAATZ, C. & M. KAATZ (eds.): 2. Jubiläumsband Weiβstorch – 2. Jubilee Edition White Stork, 8. u. 9. Storchentag 1999/2000. Loburg, ce, held in Olăneşti, representatives of 10 Electrica S.A. branches Staatliche Vogelschutzwarte im Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen–Anhalt. 34– were present. The ornithologists involved in stork protection were 40. also invited. Invitations were also sent to people from electricity SALMEN, H. (1980). Die Ornis Siebenbürgens. Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Vogel- companies who had already started finding solutions to the prob- welt dieses Landes. I. Köln–Wien, Böhlau Verlag. 133–148. lems (Electrica S.A. branches from Satu Mare and Targu Mures). SZABÓ, Z. D. & P.L. PAP (1996). Date privind recensămîntul berzei albe (Ciconia ciconia) în judeţul Harghita – 1995. Milvus. 3.1. 19–20. Alison Duncan from LPO gave a very useful presentation with WEBER, P. (1994). Bestanderfassung Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia L.), Rumänien – 1993, slides, demonstrating the problem and its solutions in France. The Acta Musei Devensis Sargetia, Ser. Sci. Nat. 16. 159-163. second color version of the detailed Technical Guide for nest-sup- WEBER, P. (1996). Rezultatele cuibăritului berzei albe (Ciconia ciconia) în România – ports published by the Milvus Group was presented at the confe- 1994. An. Banatului, Ştiinţ. Nat. 3. 53-58. rence, and all delegates received a copy. WEBER, P. (1999). Ciconia ciconia: Bestanderfassungen, Bestand und Brutergebnisse des Weißstorchs in Rumänien in den Jahren 1994 und 1995. In: SCHULZ, H. (ed.): Weiβstorch im Aufwind? - White Stork on the up? - Proceedings Internat. Symp. on the In 2005, the Milvus Group edited also a Construction guide for White Stork, Hamburg 1996. Bonn , NABU (Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V.). artificial stork nests on buildings. 231-235.

Acknowledgements Author‘s address: Ferenc Kòsa The census was carried out by more than 300 Milvus Group and “Babes-Bolyai” University SOR members and volunteers. Our work was supported by the Fac. of Biology and Geology Agricultural Bureau of Royal Netherlands Embassy (2004), Ligue Cliniciilor Street, No. 5-7, pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), Ministere d’Ecologie et 400036, Cluj, Romania du Development Durable (2004-2005), Environmental Partners- Email: [email protected], [email protected] hip Foundation (2004-2005), GEF Small Grants Program (2003- 2004), Sapientia Foundation (2003-2005).

References

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47N

46N

45N

HPa/100 km2 (UTM 10x10 km) 0 1-2 44N 3-4 5-10 11-20 21-50 21E 22E 23E 24E 25E 26E 27E 28E 29E

Fig. 2. White Stork breeding densities (StD=HPa/100 km2) in Romania (2004 - 2005). Siedlungsdichte (StD=HPa/100 km2) des Weißstorchs in Rumänien (2004 – 2005).

Fig.3. Frequency of breeding densities (StD) in Romania Fig. 4. Altitudinal distribution of White Stork nests in Romania (2004 - 2005, n = 925). (2004 – 2005). Verteilung der Siedlungsdichte (StD) in Rumänien (2004 – 2005). Höhenverteilung von Nestern des Weißstorchs in Rumänien (2004 – 2005).

Fig. 5. Frequency of brood sizes in Romania (2004, n = 3596). Häufigkeitsverteilung von Brutgrößen in Rumänien (2004, n = 3596). Fig. 6. Frequency distribution of different nest support types of White Stork nests in Romania in 1994/1995 and 2004/2005. Vergleich der Häufigkeitsverteilung von Neststandorten des Weißstorchs in Rumänien 1994/1995 und 2004/2005. 5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,54 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,65 0,00 1,05 0,00 0,00 1,27 0,69 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,98 0,00 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,52 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,41% Other % 8,33 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,03 0,00 0,00 1,65 0,53 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,39 2,79 5,88 1,28 0,53 3,85 1,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,67 0,00 2,37 4,12 1,16 0,51 2,27 0,81 0,00 1,96 0,00 19,67 21,21 25,00 14,29 38,18 44,19 10,53 Tree % Tree 3,47% 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,83 2,63 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,28 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,67 0,00 0,34 4,71 8,08 0,00 0,00 0,36 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 15,00 14,82 30,56 16,40 11,39 Barn % 4,62% 1,67 2,20 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,53 0,00 0,53 1,67 2,63 0,00 2,08 0,00 2,24 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,06 1,28 1,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,33 0,00 0,00 2,35 1,93 1,01 0,00 0,81 0,36 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Roof % 1,18% % 5,00 8,79 0,82 0,00 3,24 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,56 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,82 2,56 0,00 0,00 0,00 9,76 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,94 3,48 9,09 0,00 7,09 1,31 0,00 0,00 0,00 15,15 23,87 10,83 13,89 14,00 40,40 6,41% Chimney 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,53 9,17 0,00 0,00 0,56 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,82 0,00 0,00 2,53 0,00 4,58 0,00 0,00 0,00 43,78 15,15 23,68 22,92 16,67 46,03 25,64 10,98 45,33 23,53 35,71 13,64 12,06 13,44% nest suport % Electric pylon with 70,00 89,01 79,51 52,43 66,67 53,50 78,79 97,37 77,50 71,05 98,73 28,47 75,00 93,86 85,71 93,14 82,05 26,98 65,39 97,65 79,27 60,00 32,00 97,29 62,35 46,33 45,96 75,00 98,37 80,14 92,16 55,81 89,47 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 Electric pylon % 70,47% 3,55 3,44 2,11 2,33 3,28 2,33 2,98 2,80 3,35 1,85 3,03 2,73 3,00 2,72 3,23 2,86 3,24 2,63 2,42 2,72 3,22 3,19 2,79 2,86 0,00 3,29 2,31 3,53 2,27 2,77 3,04 2,74 3,42 2,75 2,51 3,24 3,18 3,13 2,19 2,00 2,99 JZm JZa 2,69 3,16 2,99 1,33 1,17 3,10 2,24 2,98 2,80 2,92 1,55 2,95 2,40 2,32 1,38 3,02 2,56 2,95 2,32 2,04 2,64 2,82 2,77 2,75 2,86 0,00 3,00 2,00 3,18 1,92 2,56 2,89 2,65 2,69 2,41 2,02 2,99 2,92 3,13 2,19 2,00 7 0 2 56 14 85 72 87 79 60 90 25 77 59 174 475 150 443 337 610 475 254 384 100 473 186 182 477 188 195 204 423 673 434 489 208 774 394 125 JZG 1228 10768 1 6 1 0 2 1 0 0 8 3 3 5 0 3 7 1 5 0 5 1 3 0 2 2 0 2 2 3 0 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 0 1 0 87 HE 2 9 3 2 0 0 0 5 4 4 7 3 1 7 4 9 1 7 1 1 0 1 0 3 3 1 3 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 41 17 30 10 16 11 HPx 211 4 1 0 6 1 0 0 4 0 9 0 1 5 3 7 0 5 1 8 0 0 0 6 3 1 6 4 4 0 0 0 0 12 10 14 10 17 14 29 16 HPo 201 3 5 0 1 49 71 24 46 93 24 32 35 30 77 67 59 70 21 62 39 11 28 83 40 27 138 135 113 182 157 119 146 148 120 243 143 449 143 239 124 HPm 3596 6 5 1 1 55 25 55 31 63 39 34 91 69 68 71 21 68 45 13 32 40 27 159 113 143 113 209 161 106 127 160 169 133 263 150 463 182 103 259 135 HPa 4008 7 5 2 1 60 33 66 38 79 44 42 78 78 85 30 82 55 16 44 43 38 H 182 122 185 114 243 190 120 144 179 102 189 150 295 170 518 198 123 282 153 4585 6 4 2 1 49 74 55 27 66 42 52 54 29 27 42 35 50 33 43 43 63 58 27 16 52 40 15 97 18 31 90 60 21 33 111 114 102 140 158 103 2083 with nest Nr. of localities Nr. County Alba Arad Arges Bacau Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Botosani Braila Brasov Buzau Calarasi Caras Severin Cluj Constanta Covasna Dimbovita Dolj Galati Giurgiu Gorj Harghita Hunedoara Ialomita Iasi Ilfov Maramures Mehedinti Mures Neamt Olt Salaj Satu Mare Sibiu Suceava Teleorman Timis Tulcea Vaslui Vilcea Vrancea Table 1: Population and breeding parameters of the White Stork in Romania in 2004 - 2005 in Romania Stork the White of breeding parameters and 1: Population Table 2004 – 2005. in Rumänien des Weißstorch Bestand und Populationsparameter

6 Fig. 7. The increase of the number and distribution of White Stork nests constructed on electricity transmission poles in Covasna County (1978 -2003). Zunahme der Anzahl und Verteilung von Weißstorchnestern auf Elektromasten im Kreis Covasna (1978 – 2003).

Table 2: Population changes of the White Stork in Romania from 1995 to 2005 (based on data published by ARDELEAN et al. 2000, DEMETER 2001, GYÖRGY 2005, GYÖRGY & URÁK 2002, KÓSA et al. 2000b, 2002a, 2005b, LUTSCH 2004, PAP 1995, PAP & SZABÓ 1996, PHILIPPI 2001, KISS & Milvus Group unpublished data); n – number of compared localities: only those localities were included in the analyses where census data are available in the two consecutive occasions. Bestandsveränderungen des Weißstorch in Rumänien zwischen 1995 und 2005 (basierend auf Daten von ARDELEAN et al. 2000, DEMETER 2001, GYÖRGY 2005, GYÖRGY & URÁK 2002, KÓSA et al. 2000b, 2002a, 2005b, LUTSCH 2004, PAP 1995, PAP & SZABÓ 1996, PHILIPPI 2001, KISS & Milvus Group unpublizierte Daten); n – Anzahl der verglichenen Kommunen: nur diese Kommunen wurde in den Vergleich einbezogen, aus denen Zensus-Daten aus beiden Jahren vorlagen.

County n I (HPa) II (HPa) %

Satu Mare (1995-2004) 111 308 371 20,45

Mures (1994/1995-2004) 65 110 84 -23,64

Brasov (1996-2004) 78 213 163 -23,47

Sibiu (1996-2004) 70 147 150 2,04

Covasna (1997-2003) 55 144 157 9,02

Hargita (1998-2003) 35 129 131 1,55

Timis (2000-2005) 36 138 132 -4,35

Caras-Severin (2000-2005) 32 62 61 -1,01

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