Taking the Experiment to Cyberspace
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Has Decided to Award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2013 To
PRESSMEDDELANDE Press release 9 October 2013 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2013 to Martin Karplus Michael Levitt Arieh Warshel Université de Strasbourg, France and Stanford University School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Stanford, CA, USA Los Angeles, CA, USA “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” The computer — your Virgil in the world of atoms Chemists used to create models of molecules This year’s Nobel Laureates in chemistry took the best using plastic balls and sticks. Today, the modelling from both worlds and devised methods that use both is carried out in computers. In the 1970s, Martin classical and quantum physics. For instance, in simu- Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel laid the lations of how a drug couples to its target protein in foundation for the powerful programs that are used the body, the computer performs quantum theoretical to understand and predict chemical processes. calculations on those atoms in the target protein that Computer models mirroring real life have become interact with the drug. The rest of the large protein is crucial for most advances made in chemistry today. simulated using less demanding classical physics. Chemical reactions occur at lightning speed. In a fraction Today the computer is just as important a tool for of a millisecond, electrons jump from one atomic nucleus chemists as the test tube. Simulations are so realistic to the other. Classical chemistry has a hard time keeping that they predict the outcome of traditional experiments. -
Molecular Geometry and Molecular Graphics: Natta's Polypropylene And
Molecular geometry and molecular graphics: Natta's polypropylene and beyond Guido Raos Dip. di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica \G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy [email protected] Abstract. In this introductory lecture I will try to summarize Natta's contribution to chemistry and materials science. The research by his group, which earned him the Noble prize in 1963, provided unprece- dented control over the synthesis of macromolecules with well-defined three-dimensional structures. I will emphasize how this structure is the key for the properties of these materials, or for that matter for any molec- ular object. More generally, I will put Natta's research in a historical context, by discussing the pervasive importance of molecular geometry in chemistry, from the 19th century up to the present day. Advances in molecular graphics, alongside those in experimental and computational methods, are allowing chemists, materials scientists and biologists to ap- preciate the structure and properties of ever more complex materials. Keywords: molecular geometry, stereochemistry, chirality, polymers, self-assembly, Giulio Natta To be presented at the 18th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, Politecnico di Milano, August 2018: http://www.icgg2018.polimi.it/ 1 Introduction: the birth of stereochemistry Modern chemistry was born in the years spanning the transition from the 18th to the 19th century. Two key figures were Antoine Lavoisier (1943-1794), whose em- phasis on quantitative measurements helped to transform alchemy into a science on an equal footing with physics, and John Dalton (1766-1844), whose atomic theory provided a simple rationalization for the way chemical elements combine with each other to form compounds. -
The Grand Challenges in the Chemical Sciences
The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Celebrating the 70 th birthday of the State of Israel conference on THE GRAND CHALLENGES IN THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES Jerusalem, June 3-7 2018 Biographies and Abstracts The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Celebrating the 70 th birthday of the State of Israel conference on THE GRAND CHALLENGES IN THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES Participants: Jacob Klein Dan Shechtman Dorit Aharonov Roger Kornberg Yaron Silberberg Takuzo Aida Ferenc Krausz Gabor A. Somorjai Yitzhak Apeloig Leeor Kronik Amiel Sternberg Frances Arnold Richard A. Lerner Sir Fraser Stoddart Ruth Arnon Raphael D. Levine Albert Stolow Avinoam Ben-Shaul Rudolph A. Marcus Zehev Tadmor Paul Brumer Todd Martínez Reshef Tenne Wah Chiu Raphael Mechoulam Mark H. Thiemens Nili Cohen David Milstein Naftali Tishby Nir Davidson Shaul Mukamel Knut Wolf Urban Ronnie Ellenblum Edvardas Narevicius Arieh Warshel Greg Engel Nathan Nelson Ira A. Weinstock Makoto Fujita Hagai Netzer Paul Weiss Oleg Gang Abraham Nitzan Shimon Weiss Leticia González Geraldine L. Richmond George M. Whitesides Hardy Gross William Schopf Itamar Willner David Harel Helmut Schwarz Xiaoliang Sunney Xie Jim Heath Mordechai (Moti) Segev Omar M. Yaghi Joshua Jortner Michael Sela Ada Yonath Biographies and Abstracts (Arranged in alphabetic order) The Grand Challenges in the Chemical Sciences Dorit Aharonov The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Quantum Physics through the Computational Lens While the jury is still out as to when and where the impressive experimental progress on quantum gates and qubits will indeed lead one day to a full scale quantum computing machine, a new and not-less exciting development had been taking place over the past decade. -
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 4 - 1996 to 2015: from Stem Cell Breakthrough to IVF
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 4 - 1996 to 2015: from stem cell breakthrough to IVF By Cambridge News | Posted: February 01, 2016 Some of Cambridge's most recent Nobel winners Over the last four weeks the News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, which this week comes right up to the present day. From the early giants of physics like JJ Thomson and Ernest Rutherford to the modern-day biochemists unlocking the secrets of our genome, we've covered the length and breadth of scientific discovery, as well as hugely influential figures in economics, literature and politics. What has stood out is the importance of collaboration; while outstanding individuals have always shone, Cambridge has consistently achieved where experts have come together to bounce their ideas off each other. Key figures like Max Perutz, Alan Hodgkin and Fred Sanger have not only won their own Nobels, but are regularly cited by future winners as their inspiration, as their students went on to push at the boundaries they established. In the final part of our feature we cover the last 20 years, when Cambridge has won an average of a Nobel Prize a year, and shows no sign of slowing down, with ground-breaking research still taking place in our midst today. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1.1996 James Mirrlees, Trinity College: Prize in Economics, for studying behaviour in the absence of complete information As a schoolboy in Galloway, Scotland, Mirrlees was in line for a Cambridge scholarship, but was forced to change his plans when on the weekend of his interview he was rushed to hospital with peritonitis. -
Martin Karplus &LISTING RELEASE IMMEDIATE for 7:30 PM PM 7:30 SEP 24 52 East 11 Cultural New Forum Austrian York SEP 25 1953 Photographs MARTIN KARPLUS Exhib
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE & LISTING Exhibition: MARTIN KARPLUS Photographs 1953 – 2009 SEP 25 – NOV 28, 2014 Austrian Cultural Forum New York 11 East 52nd Street, New York SEP 24 | EXHIBITION OPENING 7:30 PM – 9PM (no RSVP req'd) Self Portrait of Martin Karplus, Marineland of the pacific, California, USA 1956 Martin Karplus is a chemist, Professor emeritus at Harvard University, and Nobel laureate who has spent the past treet treet york| new | ny 10022 | phone:(212) 319 5300 | (212) fax: 644 8660 [email protected] | | www.acfny.org fifty years consumed by a passion for documenting humanity in thousands of photographs. Sourced from Europe, s Asia, and the Americas, these photographs candidly capture societies at pivotal moments in their cultural and nd economic development in rich Kodachrome color. From September 25 through November 28, the Austrian Cultural Forum New York will present these works in his first ever New York retrospective, Martin Karplus | Photographs 1953- 2009. In 1953, nearing the completion of his PhD at Cal Tech, the Austrian-born, American Karplus received his uncle’s Leica camera as a gift from his parents and headed to Oxford University on a fellowship. In the ensuing years he austriancultural forum | east 11 52 would spend months on end exploring the globe, documenting what he describes in his artist statement as a “vision of a world, much of which no longer exists”. Images from the Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, Italy, France, Yugoslavia, and Germany present the closure of a bygone lifestyle as societies modernized and rebuilt in the wake of World War II and the dawning of the Cold War. -
Nfap Policy Brief » October 2019
NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY NFAP POLICY BRIEF» OCTOBER 2019 IMMIGRANTS AND NOBEL PRIZES : 1901- 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Immigrants have been awarded 38%, or 36 of 95, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics since 2000.1 In 2019, the U.S. winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (James Peebles) and one of the two American winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (M. Stanley Whittingham) were immigrants to the United States. This showing by immigrants in 2019 is consistent with recent history and illustrates the contributions of immigrants to America. In 2018, Gérard Mourou, an immigrant from France, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2017, the sole American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was an immigrant, Joachim Frank, a Columbia University professor born in Germany. Immigrant Rainer Weiss, who was born in Germany and came to the United States as a teenager, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, sharing it with two other Americans, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish. In 2016, all 6 American winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and scientific fields were immigrants. Table 1 U.S. Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics: 2000-2019 Category Immigrant Native-Born Percentage of Immigrant Winners Physics 14 19 42% Chemistry 12 21 36% Medicine 10 19 35% TOTAL 36 59 38% Source: National Foundation for American Policy, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, George Mason University Institute for Immigration Research. Between 1901 and 2019, immigrants have been awarded 35%, or 105 of 302, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics. -
Modeling Atomic Structure of the Emre Multidrug Pump to Design Inhibitor Peptides
PI: Karplus, Martin Title: Modeling atomic structure of the EmrE multidrug pump to design inhibitor peptides Received: 06/14/2013 FOA: PA11-262 Council: 01/2014 Competition ID: ADOBE-FORMS-B2 FOA Title: NIH SMALL RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM (PARENT R03) 1 R03 AI111416-01 Dual: Accession Number: 3599020 IPF: 3212901 Organization: HARVARD UNIVERSITY Former Number: Department: Chemistry and Chemical Biology IRG/SRG: ZRG1 MSFD-N (08)F AIDS: N Expedited: N Subtotal Direct Costs Animals: N New Investigator: N (excludes consortium F&A) Humans: N Early Stage Investigator: N Year 1: Clinical Trial: N Year 2: Current HS Code: 10 HESC: N Senior/Key Personnel: Organization: Role Category: Martin Karplus Ph.D. Harvard University PD/PI Victor Ovchinnikov Ph.D Harvard University Co-Investigator Always follow your funding opportunity's instructions for application format. Although this application demonstrates good grantsmanship, time has passed since the grantee applied. The sample may not reflect the latest format or rules. NIAID posts new samples periodically: https://www.niaid.nih.gov/grants-contracts/sample-applications The text of the application is copyrighted. You may use it only for nonprofit educational purposes provided the document remains unchanged and the PI, the grantee organization, and NIAID are credited. Note on Section 508 conformance and accessibility: We have reformatted these samples to improve accessibility for people with disabilities and users of assistive technology. If you have trouble accessing the content, please contact the NIAID Office of Knowledge and Educational Resources at [email protected]. Principal Investigator/Program Director (Last, first, middle): Karplus, Martin Specific Aims Many aromatic compounds are used as antibiotic, antiseptic, and antineoplastic agents in the control of pathogens. -
PDF File, 2.06 MB
Introduction Have you ever seen those little About the International Year of Crystallography pictures of a molecule of your The United Nations declares 2014 as the official International Year of prescribed medication? …or a drawing Crystallography. It commemorates not only the centennial of X-ray of DNA showing two strands winding Amoxicillin diffraction, which allowed the detailed study of crystalline material, but also the 400th anniversary of Kepler’s observation in 1611 of the What do around each other? symmetrical form of ice crystals, which began the wider study of the role Molecules are too small to be seen by of symmetry in matter. New Drug Design, normal microscopy. Learn more at http://iycr2014.org X-ray crystallography is one of the DNA Studies few techniques that can visualize them About IUCr The International Union of Crystallography is a not-for- and was used to determine the first Schematic picture profit, scientific organization that aims to: and molecular structures ever known. of DNA • promote international cooperation in crystallography • contribute to all aspects of crystallography X-rays X-rays & X-ray Crystallography • promote international publication of crystallographic research have in common? How They Work • facilitate standardization of methods, units, nomenclatures and symbols • form a focus for the relations of crystallography to other sciences • X-ray beams are shot through • We calculate how the diffracted a crystal composed of the X-rays would look, if they The IUCr fulfils these objectives by publishing -
November/December 2013 Issue
SCALACS November/December 2013 A Joint Publication of the Southern California and San Gorgonio Sections of the American Chemical Society Southern California Section Congratulates 2013 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Arieh Warshel, USC See Page 4 **************************** Section Dinner Meeting honoring Local Section Awardees Speaker: Raymond Schmidt Institute on Science for Global Policy November 20, 2013 See Page 3 San Gorgonio Section Annual Meeting Wednesday, November 13, 2013 7:00 pm UC Riverside See Page 12 SCALACS A Joint Publication of the Southern Cal ifornia and San Gorgonio Sections of the American Chemical Society Volume LXVI November/December 2013 Number 7 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SECTION 2013 OFFICERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chair: Brian Brady So. Cal. Chair’s Message 2 Chair Elect: Yumei Lin Secretary/Treasurer: Spencer Ririe So. Cal. Meetings & Notices 3 Councilors: Rita Boggs, Bob de Congratulations Arieh Warshel 5 Groot, Tom LeBon, Virgil Lee, Thank You to Volunteers 6-7 Eleanor Siebert, Barbara Sitzman Call for Nominations—Tolman 8 SAN GORGONIO SECTION And High School Teacher of Year 2013 OFFICERS This Month in Chemical History 9-10 Chair: Eileen DiMauro P. O. Statement of Ownership 10 Chair-Elect: S. G. Chair’s Message 11 Secretary: David Srulevitch Treasurer Dennis Pederson S. G. Meeting Notice 12 Councilors: Jim Hammond, Ernie Chemists’ Calendar bc Simpson SCALACS (ISSN) 0044-7595 is published monthly March through May, September and October; and Bi-monthly January/February and November/December along with a special ballot issue once a year. Published by the Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society at 14934 South Figueroa Street, Gardena CA 90248. -
Interview with Harry B. Gray
HARRY B. GRAY (b. 1935) INTERVIEWED BY SHIRLEY K. COHEN SEPTEMBER 2000 – MARCH 2001 AND HEIDI ASPATURIAN JANUARY – MAY 2016 Photo taken in 1997 ARCHIVES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California Subject area Chemistry Abstract Two interviews in seven and six sessions respectively, with Harry Gray, the Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry. The first series of interviews, conducted in 2000-01 with Shirley Cohen, deals with Gray’s life and career up to that time. The second series, conducted in 2016 with Heidi Aspaturian, covers the period 2001–2016, expands on a number of topics discussed in the first interview series, and adds to the account of Gray’s earlier decades. Discussion topics common to the two interviews are cross-referenced in both texts. 2000–01 Interview Gray opens this interview series with a description of his family roots and formative years in Kentucky’s tobacco-farming country, including his youthful career with the local newspaper and early interest in chemistry. He then provides an account of his undergraduate studies at Western Kentucky State College (BS 1957), graduate work with F. Basolo and R. Pearson at Northwestern University http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechOH:OH_Gray_H (PhD 1960), and postdoctoral work with C. Ballhausen at the University of Copenhagen, where he pioneered the development of ligand field theory. As a professor at Columbia University, he continued work at the frontiers of inorganic chemistry, published several books and, through an affiliation with Rockefeller University, was drawn to interdisciplinary research, which led him to accept a faculty position at Caltech in 1966. He talks about his approach to teaching and his research in inorganic chemistry and electron transfer at Caltech, his interactions with numerous Caltech personalities, including A. -
Arieh Warshel University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Multiscale Modeling of Biological Functions: From Enzymes to Molecular Machines Nobel Lecture, 8 December 2013 by Arieh Warshel University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ABSTRAct A detailed understanding of the action of biological molecules is a prerequisite for rational advances in health sciences and related fields. Here, the challenge is to move from available structural information to a clear understanding of the underlying function of the system. In light of the complexity of macromolecu- lar complexes, it is essential to use computer simulations to describe how the molecular forces are related to a given function. However, using a full and reli- able quantum mechanical representation of large molecular systems has been practically impossible. The solution to this (and related) problems has emerged from the realization that large systems can be spatially divided into a region where the quantum mechanical description is essential (e.g. a region where bonds are being broken), with the remainder of the system being represented on a simpler level by empirical force fields. This idea has been particularly ef- fective in the development of the combined quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models. Here, the coupling between the electrostatic ef- fects of the quantum and classical subsystems has been a key to the advances in describing the functions of enzymes and other biological molecules. The same idea of representing complex systems in different resolutions in both time and length scales has been found to be very useful in modeling the action of complex 159 6490_Book.indb 159 11/4/14 2:27 PM 160 The Nobel Prizes systems. -
Nobel Special Issue of Chemical Physics Letters
Accepted Manuscript Editorial Nobel Special Issue of Chemical Physics Letters David Clary, Mitchio Okumura, Villy Sundstrom PII: S0009-2614(13)01325-0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.10.045 Reference: CPLETT 31683 To appear in: Chemical Physics Letters Please cite this article as: D. Clary, M. Okumura, V. Sundstrom, Nobel Special Issue of Chemical Physics Letters, Chemical Physics Letters (2013), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.10.045 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Nobel Special Issue of Chemical Physics Letters Editorial The hallmark of Chemical Physics Letters is the fast publication of urgent communications of the highest quality. It has not escaped our notice that this policy has allowed several of the breakthrough papers in chemistry to be published in our journal. Indeed, looking through Chemical Physics Letters over the last 42 years we found papers published by as many as 15 authors who went on subsequently to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work linked to their articles. Furthermore, several of these papers were referenced in the Nobel citations. We thought our readers would find it of interest to see a collection of these papers brought together and introduced with summaries explaining their significance and written by the Nobelists themselves, close colleagues or editors of the journal.