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Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 1 Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 1 Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 2 Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 3 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2: Study Design ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Chapter 3: Census of children .................................................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 4: Life in Street situations ........................................................................................................................... 34 Chapter 5: Major Occupational groups .................................................................................................................... 55 Chapter 6: Major in-migrants .................................................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 7: Institutional care status ......................................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 8: Recommendations ................................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 9: Action Plan ............................................................................................................................................... 75 Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 4 Acknowledgements The study would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of the organisations and people who stood by us through the course of the survey. Mr. Kunal Kumar IAS PMC commissioner, who reposed faith in us to do a study of this scale and Importance, Mr. Ganesh Sonune Chief Social Development Officer, for providing administrative support.Mr. Tripathi and Mr. Ajay Sathe Bajaj Finserve and Bajaj Allianz for their support Our field team from UCD team members, Local NGO personnel and civil society individuals who were part of the enumeration and interviewing teams, for their hard work and sincere efforts. Every individual has played a very important role. Our team of Technical Resource persons from different cities Hyderabad, Patna and Delhi for their crucial and important role in data collection, Our data entry team, under the supervision of Mr. Aditya, for their painstaking work and wielding patience with our endless queries and clarifications. Prof. T. Rajratnam for writing the report, Govt and NGO Children homes for providing their children data. Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics Pune for developing the maps, RFI admin team for their constant support in administration and accounting and related matters Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 5 Participants Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) Rainbow Foundation India (RFI) NGOs New Vision Kayakalp John Paul Slum Development Project Janiv Sanghatana Janseva Foundation Sadhana Institute Bachpan Bachao Samiti Stree Mukti Sanghatana Ekta gram vikas Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 6 Study Team Core Team Shubhada - Advocacy Coordinator Arun Saginala - Field Coordinator Mayuri – FGDs Coordinator Adithya - Data management Coordinator Technical Resources Persons Ankita Somya - Patna Madhavi - Hyderabad Rubana - Pune Aparna Joshi - Pune Maya Sawant - Pune Sarika Kale - Pune Asumati Deshpandey - Pune Prity Kumari - Patna Shafiq Deshmuk - Pune Firoz - Hyderabad Rama Rani - Hyderabad Suresh S - Hyderabad Kranti Kiran - Hyderabad Ravindra - Hyderabad Vandana - Pune Surveyors Alka Jayashree Dutta Pradnya Sushanth Anagha Those Jayashree Shinde Rahiman Mahat Swati Anuradha Chavan Jayshree Deolkar Rahul Mahajan Ujwala Anusaya Rathod Jugany Pathan Rajeshree Sarwade Usha Aruna Kanifnath Mane Ratan Mal Usha Suryawanshi Bhagyashree Banchhod Kunda Shinde Ravindra Chavan Vaishali Chetan Marathe Lalita Suryawanshi Rohini Nalawade Vijaya Gaikwad Deepali Shirsagar Mahendra Rupali Vijaya Hingane Depamala Pardeshi Manisha Dhavre Sagar Patil Usha Geeta Bidkar Manisha Nikude Samadhan Patil Geetanjali Ankam Milind Palaskar Seema Sonar Shital Shalunkhe Harshali Dev More Keshav Namrata Gunjal Indrajeet Hemlata Bhosale Mukta Shingre Nanda Sapkal Data Entry team Arti Renuka Balika Sampada Chaitrali Shital Kundlik Smita Nilesh Vasanti Prachi Vinod Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 7 List of Abbreviations Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) Rainbow Foundation India (RFI) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Technical Resource Person (TRPs) Urban Community Development (UCD) Urban Residential Hostels (URHs) The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Women and Child Development (WCD) Association for Rural and Urban Needy (ARUN) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) Early childhood Education (ECE) Multipurpose Health Worker (MPHW) Reproductive Child Health (RCH) Urban Health Centers (UHC) Non Residential Special Training Centre (NRSTC) Remedial Coaching Centers (RCC) Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) Non Formal Education (NFE) Resource center (RC) The National Health Mission (NHM) Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA) Child protection committees (CPC) National Plan of Action for Children 2005 (NPAC) Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) Child Welfare Committees (CWCs) Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 8 Executive Summary: Key Findings Street children constitute one of the most vulnerable groups in India. Deprived of adequate and appropriate protection, education and health-care, street children survive in the unsafe environment of city streets. The Children in Street Situations issue is directly related to the quality of the existing relations between these children and the people in their immediate environment. That is why to use the term “Children in Street Situations” (CSS), since the problem is not “the street child” but the situation causing the child to be in the street. The literature uses UNICEF definition a street child as “anyone under the age of 18 years either lives or works on the street for most of the time.” Broadly they comprise of three major categories i.e. Street living Children, Street working children and children of street families. To understand these street children population and demographics, Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) in collaboration with Rainbow Foundation India (RFI) , other NGOs and civil society individuals conducted the census survey of children in street situations in Pune city covering all the 76 electoral wards and 2 cantonments in the Pune Municipal Corporation area. A stratified three-stage sampling design has been used to capture the relevant information. The first stage being the census enumeration using a census questionnaire along with basic information and demographic characteristics of the street children. This was followed by a detailed survey of the sample of street children to elicit information on their socio-economic conditions, stay, schooling, water and sanitation, food, illness and disability, earning and spending, abuse and assistance. Further, Focus group discussions captured multiple perspectives and depict the situation of major occupational and migrant groups based on the census findings and specific vulnerability mapping. A total of 10427 children were enumerated across the 76 wards and 2 cantonments during the time of enumeration. This accounts for 0.34 percent of the total population of the city. Among all street children surveyed, 58.1 percent are boys, 41.7 percent are girls and 0.3 percent are transgender. An overwhelming 83 percent (8550) of the children belonged to street living families. Among the street children covered in the survey, about 50 percent (5207) of children were in the 6 to 14 years age group. As many as 60 percent of surveyed children were not studying. The poorest children of different parts of the State of Maharashtra migrated to the Pune city in search of job and livelihood. It was surveyed that about 48 percent of Children or their families migrated from the districts such as, Usmanabad, Latur, Beed, Parbhani, and Solapur in Maharashtra. Almost 82 percent of children or their families migrated in search of job and income. The survey revealed that street children involved in a wide variety of income-generation activities. Of the total children surveyed, 33 percent were involved in Hawking/vending on the streets, 17 percent in Begging/used for begging and 12 percent in Construction Work during the enumeration. Public toilet and open space are the places where children in street situations usually defecate. As revealed in the survey as many as 42 percent of children in Pune Defecate in open. Hardly 7 percent of the children were aware of any NGO or Government programs that provide some assistance to street children Children in Street Situations – Life on Pune Streets 9 Chapter 1 Introduction & Rationale Introduction Slum areas and poor districts
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