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Report of the Karnataka Elephant Task Force

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Report of the Karnataka Elephant Task Force Report of the Karnataka Elephant Task Force Submitted to the High Court of Karnataka September 2012 MD Madhusudan REPORT OF THE KARNATAKA ELEPHANT TASK FORCE Submitted to Honourable High Court of Karnataka, September 2012 Prepared by the following members of the Task Force 1. Prof. Raman Sukumar [Chairman] Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 2. Mr. Ajay Desai Member, Project Elephant Steering Committee 3. Dr. Sharachchandra Lele Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore 4. Dr. C.H. Basappanavar Retired Forest Officer 5. Mr. S.S. Bist Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Head of Forest Force, West Bengal 6. Mr. N. Ravindranath Kamath Advocate, High Court of Karnataka, Bangalore 7. Mr. B.R. Deepak Advocate, High Court of Karnataka, Bangalore 8. Mr. V.V. Angadi Member Secretary, Karnataka State Legal Services Authority 9. Dr. M.D. Madhusudan Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore 10. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) Government of Karnataka 11. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) Government of Kerala 12. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) Government of Tamil Nadu 13. Chief Conservator of Forests & Field Director, Mysore Elephant Reserve Government of Karnataka [Member-Convenor] 3 Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................................................. 4! List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... 6! List of Maps and Figures ..................................................................................................................................... 6! Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................. 8! Terms of Reference of the Karnataka Elephant Task Force and Measures Recommended ............. 9! Executive Summary and Key Recommendations ....................................................................................... 11! Chapter 1 Setting the context for the Karnataka Elephant Task Force’s work ............................. 25! 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 1.2 Our approach ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter 2 Elephant distribution, abundance and ecological considerations .................................... 29! 2.1 Distribution and abundance of elephants in Karnataka ................................................................................ 29 2.2 Biology of the Asian elephant ...................................................................................................................................... 32 BOX: Understanding and managing elephant human conflict ......................................................................... 34 2.3 Population and habitat viability for elephant conservation ......................................................................... 40 Chapter 3 Managing wild elephants in Karnataka: a zone-based prioritisation approach ............ 43! 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43 3.2 Elephant management zones in Karnataka: the rationale ............................................................................ 44 3.3 Criteria for zonation .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Management strategies within and across zones .............................................................................................. 46 3.4.1 Management strategies in the Elephant Conservation Zone .......................................................... 47 3.4.2 Management in the Elephant-human Coexistence Zone .................................................................. 49 3.4.3 Management in the Elephant Removal Zone ........................................................................................... 50 3.4.4 Cross-cutting strategies ......................................................................................................................................... 51 3.5 Case studies ........................................................................................................................................................................... 53 3.5.1 Bandipur: strengthening management in the Elephant Conservation Zone ........................... 53 3.5.2 Malavalli Range: understanding disturbance and dispersing elephants ....................................... 58 3.5.3 South-western Sakaleshpur: human removal or coexistence? ........................................................ 60 3.5.4 Alur-Arkalgud: coexistence or elephant removal? ................................................................................. 73 3.6 Summary and key recommendations of this chapter .................................................................................... 86 3.6.1 State-level recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 86 3.6.2 Site-specific recommendations: ......................................................................................................................... 87 Chapter 4 Corridors for elephant conservation .................................................................................... 91! 4.1 Understanding and interpreting elephant corridors ........................................................................................ 91 4.2 Strengthening habitat connectivity: the Bandipur example ......................................................................... 93 4.3 A lost corridor: example of the Punjur-Kolipalya Corridor ........................................................................ 95 Chapter 5 Other issues in the conservation of wild elephants .......................................................... 99! 5.1 Unnatural deaths of elephants .......................................................................................................................................... 99 4 5.1.1 Elephant deaths from ivory poaching ............................................................................................................ 99 5.1.2 Elephant deaths from conflict-related electrocution and gunshot wounds ......................... 100 5.1.3 Quality of post mortem reports and record maintenance ........................................................... 102 5.2 Quarrying within 100 metres of Reserved Forest boundaries .............................................................. 102 5.3 Administrative issues in managing elephant-human conflicts ................................................................. 103 5.4 Setting up toll free phone lines for rapid response to conflict situations ........................................ 104 5.5 Streamlining payment of ex-gratia .......................................................................................................................... 104 Chapter 6 Welfare and management of captive elephants in Karnataka ........................................ 107! 6.1 Capture of wild elephants to manage conflicts: a background ............................................................. 107 6.2 Capturing for domestication ..................................................................................................................................... 109 6.2.1 Recommended use of the captured elephants .................................................................................... 110 6.3 Current status of captive elephants in Karnataka .......................................................................................... 111 6.3.1 Status of privately owned elephants ........................................................................................................... 113 6.4 Welfare measures and their enforcement ........................................................................................................ 114 6.5 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................................... 116 Chapter 7 Role of research and monitoring in elephant conservation and management .......... 119! 7.1 Reliable estimation of the distribution, abundance and structure of wild populations ........... 119 7.2 Monitoring the demography of wild elephant populations ..................................................................... 120 7.3 Monitoring the extent and status of elephant habitats .............................................................................. 120 7.4 Understanding the impact of management interventions on elephant habitats ......................... 120 7.5 In-depth and long-term monitoring of ecology, behaviour and conflict .......................................... 120 7.6 Monitoring socioeconomic contexts of
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