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Natural Areas in London and the South East Region

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Natural Areas in London and the South East Region Natural Areas in London and the South East Region helping to set the regional agenda for nature Introduction egional strategies and policy The conservation of nature is a key local and national priorities for nature documents are being drawn test of policy in all three facets of into the Regional decision-making R up by the newly-created sustainable development, the social, framework. It contains information of Regional organisations. These are the economic and the environmental. direct relevance to the development required to encompass the protection While its role in the environment is of Regional Planning Guidance and and management of the environment self evident, it also has social Single Programming Documents to by applying the principles of implications through the spiritual, support the delivery of European sustainable development. cultural and recreational value of Union Structural Funding, people’s experience of the natural regeneration funding and other This document has been produced world; and economic implications economic and social programmes. by English Nature, the Government through the provision of exploitable body that promotes the conservation resources and the attractiveness to The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries of wildlife and natural features investors of high quality and Food, the Environment Agency, throughout England. It is for use by environments. the country forestry organisations, the Regional Development Agency, local authorities and statutory and the Government Regional Office If we are serious about achieving other agencies involved in land use and the Regional Chambers, when sustainable development, then and land management issues will also making Regional policy. We hope understanding the priorities for the find it relevant and, we hope, of value. that it will provide a starting point conservation of the biodiversity and for discussion with our network of Earth heritage resource of the Region We envisage that this document can Regional Lead Teams, who can is therefore essential. This report is a therefore be used at a number of key provide valuable support, and links first step towards that understanding, points within the Regional strategy- into wider partnerships. and provides the basis for integrating making and planning process. Ebernoe Common, West Sussex. Peter Wakely/English Nature London and the South East Region Introduction 3 Natural Areas as a Regional framework for nature English Nature has divided England into a series of Natural Areas. Their boundaries are based on the distribution of wildlife and natural features and the land use patterns and human history of each area. They do not follow administrative boundaries but relate instead to variations in the character of the landscape. They reflect our cultural heritage and are central to English Nature’s organisational strategy Beyond 2000. We worked with the Countryside Commission (soon to become the Countryside Agency) to identify a joint approach to the characterisation of the countryside into locally distinctive units called character areas. Where the wildlife and natural features are similar between adjacent character areas we have merged them into one Natural Area - so, a Natural Area may contain sevaral character areas that are considered to be different landscape types. Natural Areas offer a more effective framework for the planning and achievement of nature conservation objectives than do administrative boundaries. Although they are not formal Ditchling Beacon, Sussex. Peter Wakely/English Nature designations they are now recognised in Government Planning Policy Guidance Relevant Government Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) (PPG) and other statutory advice. PPG 7: The Countryside: environmental quality and economic and Within this framework, we have, with social development our key partners in the Region, PPG 9: Nature Conservation identified the chief threats to, and PPG 11: Regional Planning Guidance opportunities for, nature conservation. PPG 12: Development Plans and Regional Planning Guidance Together, we have defined a range of (presently under review) issues, and set associated objectives PPG 13: Transport that we believe provide a starting point for Regional action to protect and Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Policy Guidance: Policy manage our biodiversity and geological appraisal and the environment (DETR, 1998). assets. These objectives are set out in the sections which follow. London and the South East Region Introduction 4 Objectives for sustainable development and 64 Midvale nature conservation in 63 Thames Ridge and Avon 52 West Anglian Vales 68 North Kent London and the South Plain Plain East Region 70 Wealden Greensand London and the South East is a 65 Chilterns olds Region of dramatic, and often sharp 67 Greater otsw Thames contrasts. Dense urban populations 55 C Estuary are concentrated in and around the 106 North Kent Coast major conurbations, most notably 66 London 69 North Downs London, with extensive motorway Basin and rail links across a typical rural 78 Hampshire 79 Berkshire & Downs 107 East landscape where agriculture is the Marlborough 72 High Kent Downs Weald 71 Romney Coast 74 dominant land use. South D Marshes 77 New owns Forest The diversity of the Region supports 76 Isle of 73 Low Weald Wight 108 Folkestone to & Pevensey a characteristic combination of Selsey Bill 109 Solent and wildlife and Earth heritage. It Poole Bay 75 South Coast Plain ranges from the open spaces of the and Hampshire arable farming which dominate the Lowlands Regional boundary plateaux, to the river valleys and estuarine plains. The coast is almost entirely developed with the Natural Areas covered in London and the South East Region report exception of some superb natural harbours and spectacular cliffs. scene, but the detail has been, and Sustainable development requires Dense ancient woodland is found in will continue to be, shaped through integration, rather than balance or many areas, whilst the chalk forms human activity which is driven by trade off. Decision makers need to characteristic hills and escarpments. economic, social, and environmental build environmental and social In some areas there are intimate forces. criteria into the heart of their patterns of small fields, hamlets and policies and programmes - and winding lanes. Areas like the High Our ability to exploit the ensure that they are given the same Weald, the Wealden Greensand and environment for economic gain is weight as economic considerations the South Downs have an beginning to jeopardise our present at the beginning of the process. outstanding diversity of habitats and and future well-being. Since our This is what is meant by integration, species that are very rare, and of very decisions can have far-reaching and contrasts with the more familiar high quality, of which the Region effects on present and future situation, where proposals are drawn can be justifiably proud. The generations, we need to look at how up against economic criteria alone natural beauty of the Region we can act to maintain and improve and are only weighed against their provides the mainstay of a significant both our local and global environmental impact when they are tourism industry. environments. There is no doubt about to be implemented. that work at the Regional level can The distribution of wildlife and the be a powerful force in steering local The basic means for many of the texture of the landscape are the agendas for environmental action, Regional level structures and product of complex interactions. whilst providing strong links to organisations to act will be through The basic physical qualities of the national and international the planning process for built rock, soil and climate have set the programmes. development and infrastructure. London and the South East Region Introduction 5 Planners have a key role in cities is maintained or improved. and implementation of policy and incorporating economic, The challenge will be to determine programmes for forestry, agriculture, environmental and social factors into which patterns and locations of water and recreation. Farming is the decisions about where to put homes, development prove most Region’s major land use. The jobs, shops and leisure facilities. In sustainable. habitats described in the following this way, demands on land, the chapters are predominantly part of environment and nature can be Conserving and enhancing nature agricultural management systems. managed more sustainably. can be compatible with development Farmland therefore provides a Regional Planning Guidance will be and, whilst the built environment has major source of opportunity for written to help with this process. fewer designated sites, Local Nature habitat creation and Reserves, pocket parks, green space maintenance, and species Current government policy and even private gardens, are the protection and enhancement. Its encourages investment in urban only contact the majority of people importance is reflected in the areas and existing centres rather have with nature. They are also issues and objectives that are than out of town sites. This means important reservoirs of biodiversity. listed at the start of each section. re-using previously developed urban land as much as possible, while Another essential role will be played The intensification of agriculture, ensuring that the quality of towns or by those charged with the design and associated decline in traditional land management, combined with the huge growth of the
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