DOCSLIB.ORG

Faith and Health Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Faith and Health Book Protect your body. Protect your temple. A toolkit for building healthier places of worship. S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion with the University of South Carolina Prevention Research Center CR-009934 07/21 Table of Contents 2 Introduction Chapter 1 Background 4 Purpose of Toolkit 5 How to Use This Toolkit 5 Terms You Should Know 6 Establishing a Health Committee Chapter 2 What is a Health Committee? 9 Tips for Identifying Health Committee Members 9 Steps for Establishing a Health Committee 10 Physical Activity Chapter 3 Tips for Safe and Successful Physical Activity Programs 15 Education and Awareness 15 Best and Promising Practice Models 16 Ideas to Consider 19 Set Policies or Guidelines 20 Nutrition Chapter 4 Education and Awareness 24 Best and Promising Practice Models 25 Ideas to Consider 27 Set Policies or Guidelines 28 Tobacco Use Prevention Chapter 5 Education and Awareness 32 Best and Promising Practice Models 33 Ideas to Consider 34 Set Policies or Guidelines 35 Resources Chapter 6 Sample Physical Activity Waiver Form 40 Sample Physical Activity Bulletin Insert 41 Sample Nutrition Bulletin Insert 42 Select Health Observations 43 Health Needs and Interests Tool 45 Toolkit Resources 50 References 51 Introduction 3 Chapter 1 4 The majority of Americans (77% of all adults) and the American Diabetes Association, the National South Carolinians (82% of all adults) identify with a Center for Disease Prevention and Health religious faith (Pew Research Center, 2015). There Promotion within the Centers for Disease Control are differences by race and ethnicity – and Prevention, the National Physical Activity Plan, and the World Health Organization identify faith-based organizations as important settings “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social for health promotion efforts. well-being, and not merely the Faith-based and public health communities absence of disease or injury.” This overlap in their approach, goals, and philosophy. definition challenges communities Both view health in a holistic way (mind, body, to respond to health and disease spirit), both appreciate the multiple determinants in new ways. of health, and both value social justice. Faith-based –World Health Organization settings offer a unique opportunity to reach large numbers of individuals typically underrepresented in health promotion efforts, including rural, racial a greater percentage of Hispanic (80%) and African and ethnic minorities, and low-income residents, as American (82%) adults in the United States identify places of worship are located nearly everywhere. with a religious faith than do non-Hispanic White Places of worship are well-suited to identify the adults (75%). health concerns within their congregations and to Faith-based organizations have a long history of address the needs of fellow members in a setting of meeting the needs of their attendees and local support and trust. communities. The faith community has been a major African Americans in the United States have focus of the spiritual, social, economic, educational, substantially higher mortality rates from chronic and political life of African-Americans and Hispanic conditions such as heart disease, cerebrovascular populations, and weekly attendance at religious disease (which includes stroke), cancer, and services is high in both Hispanic (39%) and African diabetes, while Hispanic populations have higher American (47%) populations as compared to non- mortality rates from diabetes compared to Hispanic Whites (34%) (Pew Research Center, their non-Hispanic White counterparts (U.S. 2015). Department of Health and Human Services, The literature shows that health promotion 2018). Obesity is also more common in African programs delivered through faith-based settings American and Hispanic populations in the United can improve the health and health behaviors of States as compared to non-Hispanic whites members (Florez et al., 2020; Tristao, Porfirio, (Hales et al., 2020). Behavioral risk factors for Arredondo, & Atallah, 2018; Bopp, Peterson & these diseases include sedentary behavior (i.e., Webb, 2012; Dunn et al., 2021). Additionally, sitting), low physical activity, poor nutrition, and groups including the American Heart Association, tobacco use. These risk factors can be reduced Introduction 5 with approaches that focus on both individual- level change (e.g., attitudes, beliefs, skills) and Purpose of Toolkit environmental- and policy-level change (e.g., improving access to health promoting resources, This toolkit is designed to provide faith-based improving education and economic stability) organizations with ideas and resources to help (Healthy People 2020). them plan, develop, and implement health related In South Carolina, like the United States, programs and activities. The activities and programs heart disease is the leading cause of death, contained within the toolkit are easy to use and and cerebrovascular disease (stroke) is the implement. You are encouraged to implement 5th leading cause of death. According to the activities in each section so that attendees can South Carolina Department of Health and make informed decisions regarding lifestyle changes Environmental Control, deaths in 2019 from and choices that can improve their quality of life. both heart disease and stroke were much higher This toolkit is not designed to be all inclusive. You among African Americans compared to non- or those who attend your place of worship may be Hispanic/Latinx Whites (189.9 vs. 159.7 per aware of other programs that interest you more 100,00 people for heart disease; 58.0 vs. 38.1 per or are more practical for you to put in place. Use 100,000 people for stroke; both rates are age- whatever program or activity works best for you. adjusted). In contrast, these rates were lower for Just make sure you get moving, eat smart, stop using Hispanic/Latinx populations in South Carolina tobacco, and have fun! (73.3 for heart disease; 22.3 for stroke). These racial and ethnic differences in health How to Use This Toolkit behaviors and outcomes are known as health This toolkit is divided into four sections. The first disparities. Health disparities are the differences in section describes how to create a strong health the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and morbidity committee in your place of worship. The remaining that exist between racial and ethnic groups. In sections focus on three risk factors that have other words, a health disparity is the significant the largest contribution to chronic diseases and difference between the rate at which one mortality: population group experiences a chronic disease or illness when compared to another population • Physical Activity group. Faith-based settings offer opportunities and • Nutrition community support to reduce racial and ethnic • Tobacco health disparities in South Carolina and across the United States. Each section provides information on: Chapter 1 6 Education and Awareness Activities These are suggested ways to get information Terms You Should Know out to your attendees or community on various topics related to physical activity, nutrition, and Aerobic physical activity Activity in which the body’s large muscles move tobacco. The Resources section offers suggestions in a rhythmic manner for a sustained period of on where to get reliable health information. Use time. Aerobic activity, also called endurance or this information, along with the monthly health cardio activity, improves cardiorespiratory fitness. observance list (see Resources Section), to plan Examples include brisk walking, running, swimming, your education and awareness activities. and bicycling. Ideas to Consider Burden of disease These suggestions are provided to assist you in The overall impact of disease and injuries at the planning and developing programs and activities individual, societal and economic level. for your attendees and/or community. Use these, think of your own, or ask for ideas from the leaders Cardio activities See the definition for aerobic physical activity. of your place of worship, other health committee members, or the attendees. Be creative! Chronic disease A disease that persists for a long time. The U.S. Best and Promising Practice Models National Center for Health Statistics considers These model activities or programs are ready chronic diseases to be those that last three months for you to use. A brief description of the activity/ or more. Chronic diseases generally cannot be program is provided. Some of the models require prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor additional training. This will be noted in the do they just disappear. Examples include arthritis, description. diabetes, and asthma. Sample Policies Ethnic groups One of the best ways to improve health and A group of human beings whose members identify implement change is to adopt a policy. This with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed or shows commitment from the leadership in your real common culture, language, religion, behavioral place of worship to improve the health of their or biological traits that contrast with other groups. congregation. Sample policies are contained within Health risk appraisal each section which can be adapted to fit your An assessment of a person’s current health needs. knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices. For technical assistance and consultation contact the DHEC Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Incidence A measure of the number of new cases of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter Nine
    Gunderson & Cochrane - Ch 9: Religion & Health of the Public Chapter Nine Religion and the Health of the Public: Deep Accountability “For the hardest problems, the problems that would not give way without long looks into the universe’s bowels, physicists reserved words like deep.” - James Gleick, Chaos: Making a New Science1 Better theory enables better choices, or it is not worth the bother. If the theory does not help those in positions of influence to guide efforts and alignments relevant to the health of their community, the theory is little better than intellectual entertainment; a distraction. A good theory helps people in positions of influence (many of whom might not think of themselves as “leaders”) to achieve deep accountability for how they use their influence, for how they live their lives. They seek accountability that is deep in the sense of being rooted in an understanding of the complexity of life and in respect for its forms, aware of the turbulence it contains, sensitive to the variety of levels and scales at which human relationships matter, and worthy of the weight their decisions must support over time. If Amartya Sen sees development as freedom and Paul Ricoeur is unable to define the self except in relation to another as the basis of justice, then we see deep accountability for health as defined by the criteria of comprehensive well-being. The language of accountability pervades discourse around health policy. Recent U.S. reform legislation, for example, includes a move toward “accountable care organizations,” simply meaning that somebody be held accountable for the various paid providers who offer services for an episode of treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Commemorative Observances: a Chronological List
    Order Code 98-45 C Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Commemorative Observances: A Chronological List Updated April 28, 2003 Glenda Richardson Information Research Specialist Information Research Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Commemorative Observances: A Chronological List Summary Historically, national commemorative observances were often recommended by Congress through the legislative process. This practice was for the most part discontinued by the House of Representatives in January 1995, although the Senate continues to issue sense of the Senate resolutions recommending the establishment of commemoratives. It has now become standard practice for special observances to be designated by a proclamation issued by the President. A recent noteworthy departure from current congressional policy is P.L. 107-89, which designates September 11 as Patriot Day and calls upon the President to issue an annual proclamation calling on the American people to commemorate Patriot Day. This report is a chronological list of these proclamations for 2002 and 2003, indicating the proclamation number and its Federal Register citation. This report will be updated periodically during the year. Contents 2002 ............................................................1 Decade ......................................................1 January......................................................1 February.....................................................2 March.......................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Crossroads...July
    CROSSROADS… Exploring research on religion, spirituality and health Newsletter of the Center for Spirituality, Theology & Health Volume 9 Issue 1 July 2019 This newsletter provides updates on research, news and events (b=1.20, p<0.05), time contributed to community activities (b=0.17, related to spirituality and health, including educational resources p<0.002), time contributed to charity (b=0.20, p<0.002), and time and funding opportunities. Please forward to colleagues or contributed to a place of worship (b=0.31, p<0.002). Sense of students who might benefit. Our goal is to create a community mission did not predict anxiety symptoms or diagnosis, health of researchers, clinicians, clergy, and laypersons interested in behaviors, or number of physical health problems. Researchers spirituality and health and keep them informed and updated. An concluded: “The formation of a sense of mission may provide a EVENTS CALENDAR concludes the newsletter and describes novel target for promoting multiple facets of psychological well- spirituality and health related presentations happening at Duke and being, prosocial character, and possibly mental health among around the world. This is your newsletter and we depend on you young adults.” to let us know about research, news, and events in this area. Citation: Chen, Y., Kim, E. S., Koh, H. K., Frazier, A. L., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2019). Sense of mission and subsequent All e-newsletters are archived on our website. To view previous health and well-being among young adults: An outcome-wide editions (July 2007 through June 2019) go to: analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 188(4), 664-673.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Mindfulness
    Open Theology 2016; 2: 135–144 1 Psychotherapy and Religious Values Open Access 2 3 Thomas G. Plante* 4 5 6 Beyond Mindfulness 7 Expanding Integration of Spirituality and Religion into Psychotherapy 8 9 10 DOI 10.1515/opth-2016-0011 11 Received October 28, 2015; accepted December 12, 2015 12 Abstract: Since the publication of Bergin’s classic 1980 paper “Psychotherapy and Religious Values” in the 13 Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, an enormous amount of quality research has been conducted 14 on the integration of religious and spiritual values and perspectives into the psychotherapy endeavor. 15 Numerous empirical studies, chapters, books, blogs, and specialty organizations have emerged in the 16 past 35 years that have helped researchers and clinicians alike come to appreciate the value of religion 17 and spirituality in the psychotherapeutic process. While so much has been accomplished in this area of 18 integration, so much more needs to occur in order for the psychotherapeutic world to benefit from the 19 wisdom of the great religious and spiritual traditions and values. While state-of-the-art quality research 20 has and continues to demonstrate how religious and spiritual practices and values can be used effectively 21 to enhance the benefits of behavioral and psychological interventions, too often the field either gets 22 overly focused on particular and perhaps trendy areas of interest (e.g., mindfulness) or fails to appreciate 23 and incorporate the research evidence supporting (or not supporting) the use of certain religiously or 24 spiritually informed assessments and interventions. The purpose of this article is to reflect on where the 25 field integrating religion, spirituality and psychotherapy has evolved through the present and where it still 26 needs to go in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossroads...Apr
    CROSSROADS… Exploring research on religion, spirituality and health Newsletter of the Center for Spirituality, Theology & Health Volume 3 Issue 10 Apr 2014 Citation: Balboni MJ, Sullivan A, Enzinger AC et al (2014). Nurse This newsletter provides updates on research, news and events and physician barriers to spiritual care provision at the end of life. related to spirituality and health, including educational resources Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, E-pub ahead of print. and funding opportunities. Please forward to colleagues or Comment: If the major reasons for not providing spiritual care to students who might benefit. Our goal is to create a community incurable cancer patients are “lack of personal comfort” and “lack of researchers, clinicians, clergy, and laypersons interested in of training,” then surely the next step ought to be providing that spirituality and health and keep them informed and updated. An training. These were also some of the most common reasons why EVENTS CALENDAR concludes the newsletter and describes 20 years ago we didn’t take a sexual history, barriers that have spirituality and health related presentations happening at Duke and been now thoroughly conquered by training. around the world. This is your newsletter and we depend on you to let us know about research, news, or events in this area. Religious Coping, Depression, and Quality of Life in HIV Researchers at Drexel University’s department of psychology All e-newsletters are archived on our website. To view previous surveyed 198 persons with HIV/AIDS, examining links between editions (July 2007 through March2014) go to: religious coping (RC) and psychological outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Mental Health: Theory and Research
    International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies Int. J. Appl. Psychoanal. Studies (2010) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/aps.240 Religion and Mental Health: Theory and Research JEFF LEVIN ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of psychiatric and mental health research on religion. First, conceptual models of religion and of mental health used throughout this litera- ture are described. Second, published empirical research in this fi eld is summarized, including fi ndings from epidemiologic, clinical, and social and behavioral investiga- tions. Third, promising theoretical perspectives for understanding a putative religion– mental health connection are elaborated. These are based on respective behavioral, biological, psychodynamic, and transpersonal interpretations of existing research fi ndings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key words: religion, spirituality, mental health, psychiatry, research INTRODUCTION Recently, the idea of a “religion–health connection” (Ellison & Levin, 1998) has gained traction among clinicians, due to a growing body of research. Literature reviews (e.g. Levin & Chatters, 1998) and academic (Koenig, 1998a; Koenig, McCullough, & Larson, 2001) and popular (Levin, 2001) books have focused attention on social, behavioral, epidemiologic, and clinical research papers that total in the thousands. These studies explore the impact of religious indicators on psychiatric and mental health outcomes in population, community, and hospital samples: rates of mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety; levels of psychological distress, using numerous assessment instruments; dimensions of psychological well-being, such as life satisfaction and happiness; patterns of self- destructive behavior, including the addictions; and mental health care utiliza- tion. The weight of evidence, on average and across studies, suggests that religion, however assessed, is a generally protective factor for mental illness.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Religiosity Inhibit the Proclivity to Self-Forgive?
    Running head: RELIGIOSITY AND SELF-FORGIVENESS 1 1 Does religiosity inhibit the proclivity to self-forgive? 1 1 2 Catherine Palmer & James E Bartlett 1 3 School of Psychology and Social Science, Arden University, UK. 4 Author Note 5 ORCID ID (JEB): 0000-0002-4191-5245. This study was originally designed and 6 written for a dissertation (https://thesiscommons.org/4jmx3/). 7 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to James E Bartlett, Arden 8 University, Arden House, Coventry, UK. E-mail: [email protected] RELIGIOSITY AND SELF-FORGIVENESS 2 9 Abstract 10 This mixed methods study explored factors associated with self-forgiveness as previous 11 research predominantly focused on the forgiveness of others from a quantitative perspective. 12 A convenience sample of 102 participants (35 males, 67 females; 72% Christian) was 13 recruited using a combination of advertisements within religious buildings and social media 14 appeals. Participants responded to self-report scales comprising the Heartland Forgiveness 15 Scale, Religious Commitment Inventory, Divine Forgiveness Scale, and the Perceptions of 16 Forgiveness Scale. Additionally, participants completed four further open questions 17 pertaining to their own implicit, experiential interpretations of forgiveness. We used multiple 18 linear regression for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The results 19 of the regression analysis found that the model accounted for 46.5% of the variance in 20 self-forgiveness. Each predictor variable was statistically significant where divine forgiveness 21 was a positive predictor of self-forgiveness, while religious commitment and perceived 22 transgressions were negative predictors. Thematic analysis identified three themes: cognitive 23 dissonance; which identified inconsistencies between self-identity and one’s behaviour; 24 conciliatory behaviour; which explored actions taken to earn forgiveness, and God image; as 25 either compassionate or punitive.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Religiosity in Relation to Spirituality and Anxiety
    International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 4, April-2014 269 ISSN 2278-7763 A Study of Religiosity in Relation to Spirituality and Anxiety Dr. Kr. Sajid Ali Khan*, Vijayshri** & Dr. Frah Sultana Farooqi*** ABSTRACT Religion, spirituality and mental health are increasingly being examined in psychiatric research. Religious beliefs and practices have long been linked to hysteria, neurosis, anxiety and psychotic delusions. Recent studies, however, have identified another side of religion that may serve as a psychological and social resource for coping with stress and anxiety. After defining the term religion and spirituality, this paper reviews research on the relationship between religion, spirituality and mental health, focusing specially on anxiety. The study participants were two age groups of people: one from 20 to 40 years of age, and the other of 60 to 80 years. ‘Religiosity scale’ by Bhushan (1971) was used to measure the religiosity of both the groups while ‘Daily spiritual experiences scale’ by Underwood & Teresi (2002) was used to measure the spirituality; and anxiety scale by Sinha (1968) was used to measure the anxiety of both the groups. The main results of the study were: (a) there was a significant positive relationship of religiosity with anxiety but no relationship with spirituality overall as well as among old and young age participants. (b) IJOARTNo significant difference was found between the old and young age groups on the religiosity scale. (c) There was remarkable distinction evident amongst the two groups on the spirituality scale—age group 55 to 70 was found to be highly spiritual. (d) There was yet again significant difference visible between the two groups on the anxiety scale—age group 55 to 70 was found to be highly anxious as compared to the other group due to the increase in reliability of this age group on religious beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Controversies in Faith and Health Care
    Series Faith-based health care 2 Controversies in faith and health care Andrew Tomkins, Jean Duff , Atallah Fitzgibbon, Azza Karam, Edward J Mills, Keith Munnings, Sally Smith, Shreelata Rao Seshadri, Avraham Steinberg, Robert Vitillo, Philemon Yugi Lancet 2015; 386: 1776–85 Diff erences in religious faith-based viewpoints (controversies) on the sanctity of human life, acceptable behaviour, Published Online health-care technologies and health-care services contribute to the widespread variations in health care worldwide. July 7, 2015 Faith-linked controversies include family planning, child protection (especially child marriage, female genital http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ mutilation, and immunisation), stigma and harm reduction, violence against women, sexual and reproductive health S0140-6736(15)60252-5 and HIV, gender, end-of-life issues, and faith activities including prayer. Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version Judaism, and traditional beliefs have similarities and diff erences in their viewpoints. Improved understanding by fi rst appeared at thelancet.com health-care providers of the heterogeneity of viewpoints, both within and between faiths, and their eff ect on health on October 30, 2015 care is important for clinical medicine, public-health programmes, and health-care policy. Increased appreciation in This is the second in a Series of faith leaders of the eff ect of their teachings on health care is also crucial. This Series paper outlines some faith-related three papers about faith-based controversies, describes how they infl uence health-care provision and uptake, and identifi es opportunities for research health care and increased interaction between faith leaders and health-care providers to improve health care.
    [Show full text]
  • Partnerships Between Health-Care and Faith-Based Organizations
    Sharing a Legacy of Caring Partnerships between Health Care and Faith-Based Organizations DEVELOPED BY: National Center for Cultural Competence Georgetown University Child Development Center Department of Pediatrics Georgetown University Medical Center IN COLLABORATION WITH: WINTER 2001 Acknowledgments This monograph was developed by the National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC) in collaboration with a work group comprised of experts on issues of partnerships between health care organizations and faith-based organizations. The NCCC thanks the work group for its inspiring, knowledgeable, insightful and caring input to the process. National Work Group members: Sohail Rana, MD Sherine Blagrove Howard University Hospital Office of Minority and Women’s Health Doug Ronsheim Bureau of Primary Health Care Pittsburgh Pastoral Institute Health Resources and Services Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Cassandra Sparrow The Congress of National Black Churches, Inc. Russell Davis Affinity Information for Medical Management National Center for Cultural Competence Jose Garcia faculty and staff supporting the effort: National Hispanic Partnership for Community Health Suzanne Bronheim Captain James Gray Senior Policy Analyst Center for Communities in Action Bureau of Primary Health Care Marisa Brown Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Primary Health Care Component U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Project Coordinator Reverend Frank Lilley Tawara Goode Greater Saint Matthew Independent Church Project Director Reverend Samuel Nixon, Jr. Diane Lewis The Congress of National Black Churches, Inc. Senior Project Assistant Ruth Perot Suganya Sockalingam Summit Health Institute for Research Assistant Project Director and Education, Inc. Sharing a Legacy of Caring was compiled by Suzanne Bronheim, Senior Policy Analyst, National Center for Cultural Competence, Georgetown University Child Development Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Healing from Within: Spirituality and Mental Health
    Healing from Within: Spirituality and Mental Health Dr. Larry Culliford Mental health is much more than the absence of mental illness 1 Introduction The concept of spirituality is inclusive and affects everybody. It overlaps with that of religion, but unlike spirituality, religion is potentially divisive and adopted only by some. By permitting consideration of ‘secular’ spiritual activities and short-circuiting destructive arguments about beliefs, a valuable perspective can be applied to the whole field of mental health care. Comprehensive research evidence 2 shows that religious and spiritual beliefs and practices (see Box 1) help prevent many physical and mental illnesses, reducing both symptom severity and relapse rate, speeding up and enhancing recovery, as well as rendering distress and disability easier to endure. Especially important is that religious and spiritual factors can significantly affect the presentation of mental disorder. Furthermore, psychiatric patients have consistently identified spiritual needs as an important issue, and spiritual care as contributing to symptom relief and general well-being 3,4,5. It follows that psychiatric care should routinely include a careful and sympathetic assessment or ‘spiritual screening’. Spiritual practices – religious and secular • Belonging to a faith tradition and community • Ritual practices and other forms of worship • Pilgrimage and retreats • Meditation and prayer • Reading wisdom literature and scripture • Sacred music (listening to and producing it) including songs, hymns,
    [Show full text]
  • Black History Month in Elementary and High Schools
    Winner of Four Collegiate Excellence in Journalism Awards fromo Our college. Our news. Our voice. Naugatuck Valley Community College February 1, 2016 Waterbury, Connecticut Vol. 60, Iss. 1 one month out of the year, the rich wealth of to “seize the opportunity to honor the too-often African American history is taught only briefly neglected accomplishments of black Americans Black History Month in elementary and high schools. This is a fail- in every area of endeavor throughout our Nicole Hayes ure of public institutions in their duty to edu- history.” cate students with in-depth knowledge on More recently, each Black History Month It is now February, during which we celebrate profession.” These are just two examples of African American history, particularly the is themed, with 2016’s being Hallowed Grounds: the lives of important African Americans countless African American women who have contributions of African American women. In Sites of African American Memories. This theme and their achievements throughout history. made an impact within American history. hopes of delivering on Woodson’s aspiration, it focuses on landmarks in African American According to Dr. Lean’tin Bracks, scholar of history. Whether that be Kingsley Plantation African American Literature at Nashville’s in Florida, Harlem’s 125th Street, or countless Fisk University, Black History Month started spots along the Underground Railroad, these as a weeklong celebration in 1926. The week historic sites are sacred remembrance points was chosen to correlate with the February in American Black history. birthdates of Abraham Lincoln, Booker T. Connecticut is steeped in African Washington, and Frederick Douglas.
    [Show full text]