DOCSLIB.ORG

Increasing the Importance of Sleep Education in College Students

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Increasing the Importance of Sleep Education in College Students California State University, Monterey Bay Digital Commons @ CSUMB Capstone Projects and Master's Theses Capstone Projects and Master's Theses 5-2021 Increasing the Importance of Sleep Education in College Students Mireya Ysena Cortez California State University, Monterey Bay Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes_all Part of the Business Commons, Education Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cortez, Mireya Ysena, "Increasing the Importance of Sleep Education in College Students" (2021). Capstone Projects and Master's Theses. 1028. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes_all/1028 This Capstone Project (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects and Master's Theses at Digital Commons @ CSUMB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Capstone Projects and Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CSUMB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: INCREASING COLLEGE STUDENTS AWARENESS SLEEP Increasing College Students’ Awareness of the Risks of Insufficient Sleep Mireya Y. Cortez A Capstone project of the Bachelor of Arts in Human Development and Family Studies INCREASING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF SLEEP 2 Increasing College Students’ Awareness of the Risks of Insufficient Sleep Introduction Many college students are unaware of the effects of poor sleep and sleep deprivation on their overall wellbeing. When students do not get sufficient or quality sleep it impairs their brain development, increases negative feelings, and decreases their alertness. College students are particularly vulnerable to poor sleep habits primarily because they have adopted the culture of college life. College students do not realize that consuming energy drinks and caffeine to stay awake or to manage stress is risky to their health. Furthermore, the use of technology and social media overload before bed makes falling asleep more difficult. To address students' lack of awareness, I have created a one-day sleep education power point presentation workshop for college students at California State University Monterey. Need Statement Many college students are unaware of the consequences of poor sleep habits and the impact of sleep deprivation on their psychological processes. Research indicates that 60% of students state that their quality of sleep is poor (Kloss et al., 2016). Many college students are not well versed on the importance of maintaining good sleep hygiene. For decades, the culture of college students has been to participate in “pulling all nighters.” This theme has contributed to the prevalence and acceptance of staying awake throughout the entire night to study or socialize. Hershner and Chervin explained that the average sleep duration of college students was 5.7 hours a day, and only 4 % of students slept the recommended 7 hours per night (2014). College students continue to practice poor sleep habits to stay awake and fall asleep. Students would benefit from knowing the risks associated with the use of technology before bed , INCREASING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF SLEEP 3 and the consumption of coffee and energy drinks later in the day to stay awake. In addition, the effects of alcohol during social activities or as sleep aides need to be addressed. By not practicing good sleep habits, college students are at risk of poor sleep, which in turn has detrimental effects on their academic performance and alertness. 65% of adults 19-29 years old use technology before bed. The use of cell phones, gaming, T.V, and computers are the leading forms of technology platforms that affect sleep in students, resulting in poor sleep habits (Hershner & Chervin, 2014). Technology stimulates the brain and increases alertness making it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep . The consumption of energy drinks and caffeine to stay awake is very alarming and quite the college student repertoire as well. Consuming 2-4 cups of coffee per day impairs the body to wind down and the ability to fall asleep (Hershner & Chervin, 2014). Energy drinks used to stay awake or to compensate for insufficient sleep, ranked the highest in usage at 67% among college students . The use of alcohol consumption is also popular amongst college students whether students are drinking at social gatherings or using alcohol to relax after a long day of school or work. Hershner & Chervin, discuss that 11.6% of students have used alcohol as a sleep aid. The same report states that alcohol can increase the time someone actually falls asleep and even more alarming is the fact that it causes other health issues (2014). The American College of Health Association ranks sleep problems second , behind stress, resulting in lower GPAs among college students (Chen, W.-L., & Chen, J.-H, 2019). Lack of sleep or sleep deprivation creates cognitive function issues in learning and memory which affects students’ academic performance . Memory is highly dependent on how much rapid eye movement sleep is acquired. Rapid eye movement (REM) is considered slow-wave-sleep and is key to memory formation. When students stay up late, there is a sleep reduction compromising INCREASING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF SLEEP 4 their cognition, alertness, and they are less likely to learn new material (Chen, W.-L., & Chen, J.-H, 2019). Since the stress of learning and coursework is very demanding during this stage of life , poor sleep quantity makes students feel fatigued and likely to get behind in their studies. Unable to realize the severity in their poor sleep habits result in college students more at risk of failing. In one study, students are described as being exhausted and accumulating excessive delinquency and falling asleep in class affecting their GPA (Chen, W.-L., & Chen, J.-H, 2019). Heavy course loads, loud music, and the increased amount of alcohol consumed at parties or during socialization affect students dramatically in the decision making process; as a result of these poor decisions, they experience difficulty in their daily overall capabilities. I In addition, consequences of poor sleep practices can lead to issues of depression and suicidal ideation. When these mood changes occur, students are less likely to be productive in their academic achievements. Having depressive symptoms or feeling sad is one of the most common mental health issues amongst college students, and it is linked to insufficient sleep. According to (Hershner & Chervin, 2014), 14.8% students felt greater depressive symptoms as they lost more sleep. With sleep deprivation, students begin to feel a loss of pleasure, and develop a sense of guilt . Further, having an irregular sleep schedule increases the risk of students' negative moods and disliking themselves; this accounted for 11% of suicidal ideation (Hershner & Chervin, 2014). Research supports that college students' sleep habits negatively affect their sleep. Implementing awareness on proper sleep practices will change students’ sleep hygiene, therefore, making them more knowledgeable in practicing sufficient strategies on ways to get a better night's rest. In order to raise the importance of sleep awareness and increase healthy sleep INCREASING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF SLEEP 5 regimes in college students, I intend to provide a one day interactive power point presentation at CSUMB on healthy sleep hygiene practices to improve overall sleep habits for college students. Theory Jeffrey Jensen Arnett describes “emerging adulthood” as the in-between stage from adolescence to adulthood from the ages of 18 to 25 years old (2000). Most college students fit in this age bracket and exhibit the developmental traits as the ones described in Arnett’s theory of taking responsibility for oneself and making independent decisions, and most importantly, becoming financially independent. Arnett’s research also describes emerging adults as seeking to engage in various identity explorations through love, work, and world views. Jeffrey Arnett states that during emerging adulthood acquiring an education is their main goal, while postponing a family, and enjoying life seem to be the most important during this identity seeking stage (2000). Emerging adults consider world views very important, especially when re-examining beliefs and values they have learned from their family. Working, for example, helps them reflect on what is important in adulthood and attaining adult status. However, the new transition from dependence to responsibility includes worrying about what job field would seem to suit them best (Peltz et al., 2016).. Finding love during emerging adulthood includes a more serious relationship and physical intimacy. This gives emerging adults a deeper feeling of closeness which assists them in the kind of life partner they would enjoy being with now, and in the future (Arnett, 2000). I feel that in order to reach academic achievements and become financially independent, students must learn to accept responsibility for making healthy decisions while still finding their identity. Sleep knowledge could assist college students in taking responsibility for making sleep one of their top priorities. INCREASING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF SLEEP 6 This theory applies to my project because college students usually are around the age of 18-25 years old. In an environment that entails a high degree of diversity and instability, the opportunity for social interaction interferes with their sleep and they don’t develop
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insomnia Mediates Effect of Eveningness 1
    Running head: INSOMNIA MEDIATES EFFECT OF EVENINGNESS 1 Insomnia Mediates the Association between Eveningness and Suicidal Ideation, Defeat, Entrapment, and Psychological Distress in Young Adults Daniel Bradford, Stephany Biello, Kirsten Russell School of Psychology, University of Glasgow Author Note The authors have no competing interests to declare. Daniel Bradford MSc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-8764 Prof. Stephany Biello https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-5215 Kirsten Russell PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-2749 INSOMNIA MEDIATES EFFECT OF EVENINGNESS 2 Abstract Chronotype describes a person’s general preference for mornings, evenings or neither. It is typically conceptualized as a continuous unidimensional spectrum from morningness to eveningness. Eveningness is associated with poorer outcomes across a myriad of physical and mental health outcomes. This preference for later sleep and wake times is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and behaviors in both clinical and community samples. However, the mechanisms underlying the negative consequences of this preference for evenings is not fully understood. Previous research has found that sleep disturbances may act as a mediator of this relationship. The present study aimed to explore the associations between chronotype and affective outcomes in a community sample of young adults. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the potential role of insomnia as a mediator within these relationships. Participants (n = 260) completed an anonymous self-report survey of validated measures online which assessed chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and a range of affective outcomes (defeat, entrapment, stress, suicide risk, and depressive and anxious symptomology). Eveningness was associated with more severe or frequent experiences of these outcomes, with young adults demonstrating a preference for eveningness more likely to report poorer affective functioning and increased psychological distress.
    [Show full text]
  • Evening Types Have Social Jet Lag and Metabolic Alterations in School-Age
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evening types have social jet lag and metabolic alterations in school‑age children Nuria Martínez‑Lozano1, Gloria Maria Barraco1, Rafael Rios2, Maria José Ruiz2, Asta Tvarijonaviciute1, Paul Fardy1, Juan Antonio Madrid1 & Marta Garaulet1,3* Chronotype has been mostly assessed with subjective scales. Objective assessment has been undertaken with actigraphy, although problems may occur in classifying chronotype. The aims of the study were to assess chronotype in school‑age children using a novel integrative measurement (TAP) derived from non‑invasive assessments of wrist temperature (T) physical activity (A) and body position (P) and to explore associations between chronotype, sleep disturbances, and metabolic components. Four-hundred-thirty-two children of 8–12 years were recruited from a Mediterranean area of Spain. Measurements were: (a) Chronotype objectively (7-day-rhythms of TAP) and subjectively measured (Munich-chronotype-self-reported questionnaire); (b) sleep rhythms and light exposition; (c) 7-day- diaries of food intake; (d) anthropometry and metabolic parameters; (e) academic scores. TAP acrophase was able to assess eveningness. As compared to more morning‑types, more evening‑types displayed lower amplitude in temperature rhythms, increased physical activity in the evening, delayed sleep and midpoint of intake and had more frequent social jet lag (P < 0.05). More evening-types had higher light intensity at 2 h before sleep and lower melatonin values (01:00 h). Eveningness associated with higher BMI and metabolic risk (higher values of insulin, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol). Evening‑types presented better grades in art. In conclusion, more evening‑types, as objectively assessed, presented sleep alterations, social jet lag, obesity and higher metabolic risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Regulation and Sleep Duration, Sleepiness, and Chronotype in Adolescents Judith A
    Self-Regulation and Sleep Duration, Sleepiness, and Chronotype in Adolescents Judith A. Owens, MD, MPH, a Tracy Dearth-Wesley, PhD, MPH,b Daniel Lewin, PhD, c Gerard Gioia, PhD,d Robert C. Whitaker, MD, MPHb, e, f OBJECTIVE: To determine whether shorter school-night sleep duration, greater daytime abstract sleepiness, and greater eveningness chronotype were associated with lower self-regulation among adolescents. METHODS: An online survey of 7th- to 12th-grade students in 19 schools in Fairfax County, Virginia Public Schools was conducted in 2015. Self-regulation was measured with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd edition, Screening Self-Report Form. Sleep measures included school night-sleep duration (hours between usual bedtime and wake time), daytime sleepiness (Sleepiness Scale in the Sleep Habits Survey, tertiles), and chronotype (Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children, continuous score and tertiles). Sociodemographic factors and mental health conditions were analyzed as potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 2017 students surveyed, the mean age was 15.0 years (range, 12.1–18.9 years), and 21.7% slept <7 hours on school nights. In regression models adjusted for confounders, there was a significant independent association between self-regulation and both chronotype (P < .001) and daytime sleepiness (P < .001) but not sleep duration (P = .80). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of daytime sleepiness, those in the highest tertile had lower (0.59 SD units; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.71) self-regulation, as did those in the eveningness tertile of chronotype compared with those in the morningness tertile (0.35 SD units lower; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.46).
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Chronotype and Social Zeitgebers on Sleep/Wake Patterns
    914Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2008) 41: 914-919 A.L. Korczak et al. ISSN 0100-879X Influence of chronotype and social zeitgebers on sleep/wake patterns A.L. Korczak1, B.J. Martynhak1, M. Pedrazzoli2, A.F. Brito1 and F.M. Louzada1 1Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Departamento de Psicobiologia/Instituto de Sono, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil Correspondence to: A.L. Korczak, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, UFPR, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Inter-individual differences in the phase of the endogenous circadian rhythms have been established. Individuals with early circadian phase are called morning types; those with late circadian phase are evening types. The Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is the most frequently used to assess individual chronotype. The distribution of MEQ scores is likely to be biased by several fact, ors, such as gender, age, genetic background, latitude, and social habits. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different social synchronizers on the sleep/wake cycle of persons with different chronotypes. Volunteers were selected from a total of 1232 UFPR undergraduate students who completed the MEQ. Thirty-two subjects completed the study, including 8 morning types, 8 evening types and 16 intermediate types. Sleep schedules were recorded by actigraphy for 1 week on two occasions: during the school term and during vacation. Sleep onset and offset times, sleep duration, and mid-sleep time for each chronotype group were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test separately for school term and vacation.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Sleep, Insomnia Symptoms, and Evening Chronotype Are Associated with Poorer Mood and Quality of Life in Adolescent Transgender Males
    Short sleep, insomnia symptoms, and evening chronotype are associated with poorer mood and quality of life in adolescent transgender males Anne E. Bowen, BS1; Syd Staggs, BA2; Jill Kaar, PhD2; Stacey L. Simon, PhD1,2; Natalie Nokoff, MD1,2 1Children’s Hospital Colorado; 2University of Colorado BACKGROUND RESULTS RESULTS • Transgender youth, individuals whose gender Sample Characteristics • Shorter weekend sleep duration was associated identity differs from the sex assigned to them at Insomnia Chronotype with poorer physical QOL (p<0.05) birth, are at higher risk for depression, anxiety, • Later weekend waketimes were correlated with and suicide poorer physical QOL (p<0.05) • Gender-affirming hormone therapy reduces None (36.8%) Morning anxiety and depression • No weekday actigraphy variables were (26.3%) associated with mood or QOL • Short sleep duration is correlated with depression symptoms and suicidal ideation in general Subthreshold Evening • There were no differences by GnRHa status populations of adolescents (47.4%) (42.1%) • Over 70% of high schoolers sleep less than the Clinical (15.8%) Middle (31.6%) CONCLUSIONS recommended 8 hours • This is the first study to investigate associations • Yet, there is a significant literature gap on sleep in between sleep and mood in transgender transgender adolescents adolescents Anxiety Depression • The ongoing study will evaluate changes in sleep AIMS after initiation of testosterone therapy Normal (42.1%) Normal (43.8%) Characterize sleep and investigate association • Average sleep duration
    [Show full text]
  • Taking Sleep Seriously
    Registered Charity No. England 801130 Scotland SC 039714/ Company Registration No. 2350846 Sleep and our Oct 2020 Mental Health Taking Sleep Seriously Mental Health Foundation @mentalhealthfoundation @Mentalhealth Mental Health Foundation Taking Sleep Seriously: Sleep and our Mental Health 2 Executive Summary Sleep is integral to all aspects of our lives, yet sleep is often one of the first things we compromise when things become busy or overwhelming. In our surveys, nearly half Often our lives and daily routines, schools, workplaces and home or community environments are not structured in ways that value and prioritise the importance 48% of good sleep. of adults and two thirds of teenagers Sleep is a critical component of not just our physical health, but our mental health. In March 2020, the Mental Health Foundation commissioned two surveys on sleep and mental health froma YouGov: one b 66% of 4,437 UK adults aged 18+ and another agreed that sleeping badly has a negative of 2,412 GB teenagers aged 13-19.b effect on their mental health. Mental Health Foundation @mentalhealthfoundation @Mentalhealth Mental Health Foundation Taking Sleep Seriously: Sleep and our Mental Health 3 Increased awareness of the importance of sleep, and systemic action on sleep, should be a priority. Taking sleep seriously and understanding the many ways sleep interacts with our lives can help us harness its potential as a powerful way to promote and protect good mental health for all. Our review of the existing research, alongside our new polling, highlights the important role sleep plays in the context of: Mental health problems Sleep problems can be both a symptom of, and a contributor to, mental health problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Sleep-Wake Patterns and Their Influence on School Performance In
    Aten Primaria. 2014;46(Espec Cong 1):160-164 Atención Primaria www.elsevier.es/ap SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Sleep-wake patterns and their inÁ uence on school performance in Portuguese adolescents João Duarte*, Paula Nelas, Cláudia Chaves, Manuela Ferreira, Emília Coutinho, Madalena Cunha Escola Superior de Saúde de Viseu, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal KEYWORDS Abstract Adolescent; Objective: To characterise sleep-wake patterns and their inÁ uence on academic performance Sleep; for a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Achievement; Research design: Cross-sectional, analytical-explanatory, correlational epidemiological Educational status; research. The protocol includes the composite morningness questionnaire (Barton et al, 1985 Habits; adapted by Silva et al, 1985), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Murray, 1991), chronic fatigue scale Students (Smith et al, 1995), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse, 1988), Educational Achievement (Fermin, 2005), personal and academic data. Participants: 2094 students (55.3% girls; 16-23 years old; M = 16.82 ± 1.25) attending secondary school in central Portugal. Living in urban areas, living with their parents and about 57.1% are in a family with reasonable economic resources. Results: Adolescents’ sleep patterns reveal that they sleep on average between 8-9 hours a night, do not use medication to sleep, with sleep latency within the normal range, with good sleep efficiency, without daytime dysfunction and with undisturbed sleep, predominantly intermediate chronotype. Minor drowsiness, increased sleep efÀ ciency, improved subjective sleep satisfaction, less sleep disturbance, less daytime dysfunction, not consuming hypnotic medications, associated with better academic performance. Morningness/eveningness, sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and sleep latency emerge as predictors of academic performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Nightmares, Chronotype, Urbanicity, and Personality: an Online Study
    Article Nightmares, Chronotype, Urbanicity, and Personality: An Online Study Michael Schredl 1,* and Anja S. Göritz 2 1 Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany 2 Psychology Department, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 July 2020; Accepted: 20 September 2020; Published: 22 September 2020 Abstract: Chronotype refers to individual differences in sleep timing (“owls” and “larks”) and “eveningness” has been associated with nightmares. However, it has not been tested as to whether neuroticism mediates this relationship. Urbanicity refers to being raised in an urban region and/or currently living in an urban region and is associated with heightened risk for developing mental disorders, and thus might be related to nightmare frequency and nightmare distress. Overall, 2492 persons (1437 women, 1055 men) completed an online survey between 23 March 2015 and 8 April 2015. The mean age of the sample was 47.75 14.41 years. The findings indicate that the ± previously reported relationship between chronotype and nightmare frequency was mediated by neuroticism and “morningness” was related to higher dream recall compared to persons with a late bedtime preference. Urbanicity was not related to nightmare frequency but to lower nightmare distress, raising the interesting question as to whether beliefs about nightmares might be an important variable that contributes to nightmare distress. Based on the few studies so far, there are still many unresolved questions about the interaction between nightmares, chronotype, and urbanicity. Keywords: nightmares; nightmare distress; chronotype; urbanicity; personality 1. Introduction Nightmares are defined as extended, extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Genetic Overlap Between Circadian Preference and Brain White Matter Microstructure
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.374199; this version posted November 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Evidence of genetic overlap between circadian preference and brain white matter microstructure Luis M. García-Marín1, Sarael Alcauter2, Adrian I. Campos1,3, Aoibhe Mulcahy1,4, Pik-Fang Kho1,4, Gabriel Cuéllar-Partida3,*,^ and Miguel E. Rentería1,3,4,* 1. Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD Australia 2. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México 3. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD Australia 4.School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia These authors contributed equally ^Current address: 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA *Correspondence: Miguel E. Renteria ([email protected]) and Gabriel Cuéllar- Partida ([email protected]). 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.374199; this version posted November 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract Study objective. Previous neuroimaging studies have highlighted differences in white matter microstructure among individuals with different chronotypes, but it is unclear whether those differences are due to genetic or environmental factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Idiopathic Hypersomnia Patients Revealed Longer Circadian Period Length in Peripheral Skin Fibroblasts
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 07 June 2018 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00424 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Patients Revealed Longer Circadian Period Length in Peripheral Skin Fibroblasts Linus Materna 1, Hartmut Halfter 1, Anna Heidbreder 1, Matthias Boentert 1, Julian Lippert 2, Raphael Koch 3† and Peter Young 1*† 1 Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany, 2 Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 3 Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany The vast majority of living organisms have evolved a circadian rhythm of roughly 24 h in adaptation to ever-changing environmental conditions, such as the cycle of light and darkness. In some sleep disorders like idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) this adaptation is defective. As the etiology of this disease is largely unknown, we examined the in vitro circadian period length of patients suffering from IH. The patients were diagnosed Edited by: according to the ICSD3-criteria by clinical history, polysomnography (PSG), and multiple Michel Billiard, Hôpital Gui De Chauliac, France sleep latency testing (MSLT). In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of Reviewed by: this sleep disorder we collected fibroblasts from skin biopsies of IH patients and healthy Sona Nevsimalova, subjects. We determined the circadian period length of the primary fibroblast cells by Charles University, Czechia lentiviral infection with a construct expressing a luciferase gene under the control of a Liborio Parrino, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy BMAL1 promoter. The group of IH patients revealed on average a prolonged circadian *Correspondence: period length.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Chronotype Modify the Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index in Adolescents?
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2015 Does Chronotype Modify the Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Body Mass index in Adolescents? Susan Kohl Malone University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Nursing Commons Recommended Citation Malone, Susan Kohl, "Does Chronotype Modify the Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Body Mass index in Adolescents?" (2015). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1876. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1876 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1876 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Does Chronotype Modify the Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Body Mass index in Adolescents? Abstract Support for an association between sleep duration and body mass index exists. However, not all short sleepers are overweight/obese. The complex interplay between circadian and metabolic processes has become a recent focus in sleep and obesity research and may explain this perplexing observation. Chronotype (as a marker for circadian misalignment) may be able to predict who is at greatest risk for obesity onset when exposed to short sleep duration. The goal of this study was to examine sleep duration and chronotype in racially/ethnically diverse adolescents and to determine whether chronotype modified the association between sleep duration and body mass index. A cross-sectional study design was used to examine these relationships using self-reported sleep data from 115 9th and 10th grade students and actigraphy-estimated sleep data from 69 of these participants. Participants were recruited from a Northeast coastal city high school in NJ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dark Side of the Night Owl Life
    somewhere between the two extremes and is The Dark Side of rather well-aligned with their activities. The discrepancy between biological the Night Owl Life rhythms and social timing that befalls larks and owls is known as social jetlag (SJL) Social jetlag causes “night owls” who follow (Wittman et al., 2006). For larks, who have “early bird” schedules to perform worse earlier bedtimes, this could mean having to academically. stay up later on weekends for social activities. For owls, who tend to sleep in on weekends, Cindy Zhou this could manifest itself as having to be up earlier on weekdays for work or school. Unlike the jetlag one might feel after taking a transoceanic flight, which is a temporary As class registration for the experience, SJL is permanent (Díaz-Morales upcoming semester rolls around, some of the & Escribano, 2015). Past studies have most common complaints are of early classes. correlated social jetlag with poor physical Are college students just lazy and love to and psychological functioning, including an sleep in? Or is there an underlying factor that increased risk of obesity, diabetes, depression, causes a large number of them to be so averse and reduced academic performance to earlier class start times? (Roenneberg et al., 2012; Parsons et al., 2015; This phenomenon can be explained Levandovski et al., 2016). The extensive list by the concept of chronotypes, which are the of adverse health outcomes related to SJL behavioral expressions of an individual's propels it forward as an emerging public circadian rhythm, often related to sleep and health concern. About a third of the activity patterns (Takahashi et al., 2018).
    [Show full text]