X-Ray Properties and Activity of Cool Stars the View of XMM-Newton
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Simultaneous Multiwavelength Flare Observations of Ev Lacertae
Draft version August 19, 2021 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX61 SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH FLARE OBSERVATIONS OF EV LACERTAE Rishi R. Paudel,1, 2 Thomas Barclay,1, 3 Joshua E. Schlieder,3 Elisa V. Quintana,3 Emily A. Gilbert,4, 5, 6, 3 Laura D. Vega,7, 3, 2 Allison Youngblood,8 Michele Silverstein,3 Rachel A. Osten,9 Michael A. Tucker,10, ∗ Daniel Huber,10 Aaron Do,10 Kenji Hamaguchi,11, 1 D. J. Mullan,12 John E. Gizis,12 Teresa A. Monsue,3 Knicole D. Colon,´ 3 Patricia T. Boyd,3 James R. A. Davenport,13 and Lucianne Walkowicz6 1University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA 2CRESST II and Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 3NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 4Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 5University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA 6The Adler Planetarium, 1300 South Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 7Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 8Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, 1234 Innovation Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, USA 9Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 10Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai'i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 11CRESST II and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA 12Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA 13Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ABSTRACT We present the first results of our ongoing project conducting simultaneous multiwavelength observations of flares on nearby active M dwarfs. -
Research at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory
ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE eds. M.K. Tsvetkov, L.G. Filipov, M.S. Dimitrijevic,´ L.C.ˇ Popovic,´ Heron Press Ltd, Sofia 2007 Influence of Collisional Processes on the Astrophysical Plasma Spectra – Research at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory M.S. Dimitrijevic´ Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11160 Belgrade, Serbia Abstract. Activities on the project “Influence of collisional processes on the astrophysical plasma spectra”, supported by the Ministry of Science and Envi- ronment protection from 1st January 2002 up to 31st December 2005 are re- viewed, including other scientific results of the project participants. 1 Research on the Influence of Collisional Processes on the Astro- physical Plasma Spectra on Belgrade Astronomical Observatory From 1. January 2002, activities on investigation of the influence of collisional processes on the astrophysical plasma spectra are organized at Belgrade astronomical observatory within the frame of the project with the same name, supported by the Ministry of Science and Environment protection of Serbia. Investigations made within the frame of the Project concern plasma in astrophysics, lab- oratory and technology and the corresponding modelling, determination and research of atomic and molecular processes, optical properties and spectra, with a particular accent on the role of collisional processes. The particular attention has been paid to the inves- tigation of spectral line profiles, broadened by collisions with charged particles (Stark effect). Such investigations are of interest for the diagnostics and modelling of stellar plasma, plasma in laboratory and technological plasma. Semiclasical perturbation and Modified semiempirical methods were used, tested and investigated. Stark broadening parameters, line width and shift, were determined for a large number of spectral lines of Ag I, Ar I, Cd I, Ga I, Ge I, Kr I, Ne I, F II, In II, Ne II, Ti II, Be III, Cd III, Co III, Cu III, F III, S III, Si III, Zn III, and Si IV. -
X-Ray Properties of Active M Dwarfs As Observed by XMM-Newton
A&A 435, 1073–1085 (2005) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041941 & c ESO 2005 Astrophysics X-ray properties of active M dwarfs as observed by XMM-Newton J. Robrade and J. H. M. M. Schmitt Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Received 2 September 2004 / Accepted 8 February 2005 Abstract. We present a comparative study of X-ray emission from a sample of active M dwarfs with spectral types M3.5–M4.5 using XMM-Newton observations of two single stars, AD Leonis and EV Lacertae, and two unresolved binary systems, AT Microscopii and EQ Pegasi. The light curves reveal frequent flaring during all four observations. We perform a uniform spectral analysis and determine plasma temperatures, abundances and emission measures in different states of activity. Applying multi-temperature models with variable abundances separately to data obtained with the EPIC and RGS detectors we are able to investigate the consistency of the results obtained by the different instruments onboard XMM-Newton. We find that the X-ray properties of the sample M dwarfs are very similar, with the coronal abundances of all sample stars following a trend of increasing abundance with increasing first ionization potential, the inverse FIP effect. The overall metallicities are below solar photospheric ones but appear consistent with the measured photospheric abundances of M dwarfs like these. A significant increase in the prominence of the hotter plasma components is observed during flares while the cool plasma component is only marginally affected by flaring, pointing to different coronal structures. -
Publications Ofthe Astronomical Society Ofthe Pacific 99:490-496, June 1987
Publications ofthe Astronomical Society ofthe Pacific 99:490-496, June 1987 RADIAL VELOCITIES OF M DWARF STARS GEOFFREY W. MARCY,* VICTORIA LINDSAY,* AND KAREN WILSON Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132 Received 1987 February 26, revised 1987 March 28 ABSTRACT Radial velocities for 72 M dwarfs have been obtained having internal errors of about 0.1 km s1 and external errors of about 0.4 km s_1. Multiple velocity measurements of ten dMe stars have yielded a set of six which have no stellar companions, providing confirmation that the dMe phenomenon can occur in single stars. These single dMe stars have low space motions indicative of relative youth. Four stars from the entire survey were found to have double-line spectra and two were found to be single-line spectroscopic binaries of low amplitude. The zero point of the velocity scale is found to agree well with that of O. C. Wilson (1967) and differences are noted among other radial-velocity studies. Most of the stars in this study have velocities sufficiently well determined to constitute potential radial-velocity standards. Key words: K-M dwarfs-radial velocities I. Introduction atic difference between their velocities and O. C. 1 Accurate measurements of radial velocities for M Wilson's of —1.7 km s , a discrepancy not explainable by dwarfs are used to address a number of astrophysical the random errors of the two studies. problems such as the age dependence of the kinematics of Thus, it is not known at present which zero point is to the Galaxy (cf. -
Flares on Active M-Type Stars Observed with XMM-Newton and Chandra
Flares on active M-type stars observed with XMM-Newton and Chandra Urmila Mitra Kraev Mullard Space Science Laboratory Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy I, Urmila Mitra Kraev, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract M-type red dwarfs are among the most active stars. Their light curves display random variability of rapid increase and gradual decrease in emission. It is believed that these large energy events, or flares, are the manifestation of the permanently reforming magnetic field of the stellar atmosphere. Stellar coronal flares are observed in the radio, optical, ultraviolet and X-rays. With the new generation of X-ray telescopes, XMM-Newton and Chandra , it has become possible to study these flares in much greater detail than ever before. This thesis focuses on three core issues about flares: (i) how their X-ray emission is correlated with the ultraviolet, (ii) using an oscillation to determine the loop length and the magnetic field strength of a particular flare, and (iii) investigating the change of density sensitive lines during flares using high-resolution X-ray spectra. (i) It is known that flare emission in different wavebands often correlate in time. However, here is the first time where data is presented which shows a correlation between emission from two different wavebands (soft X-rays and ultraviolet) over various sized flares and from five stars, which supports that the flare process is governed by common physical parameters scaling over a large range. -
FLARES on the Dme FLARE STAR EV LACERTAE Rachel A
The Astrophysical Journal, 621:398–416, 2005 March 1 # 2005. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. FROM RADIO TO X-RAY: FLARES ON THE dMe FLARE STAR EV LACERTAE Rachel A. Osten1, 2 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903; [email protected] Suzanne L. Hawley2 Astronomy Department, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; [email protected] Joel C. Allred Physics Department, Box 351560, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; [email protected] Christopher M. Johns-Krull2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005; [email protected] and Christine Roark3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, 203 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52245 Received 2004 June 23; accepted 2004 November 5 ABSTRACT We present the results of a campaign to observe flares on the M dwarfflare star EV Lacertae over the course of two days in 2001 September, utilizing a combination of radio continuum, optical photometric and spectroscopic, ultraviolet spectroscopic, and X-ray spectroscopic observations to characterize the multiwavelength nature offlares from this active, single, late-type star. We find flares in every wavelength region in which we observed. A large radio flare from the star was observed at both 3.6 and 6 cm and is the most luminous example of a gyrosynchrotron flare yet observed on a dMe flare star. The radio flare can be explained as encompassing a large magnetic volume, comparable to the stellar disk, and involving trapped electrons that decay over timescales of hours. -
Observations of Variable Stars from Holomon Astronomical Station A
Observations of variable stars from Holomon Astronomical Station A. Kokori1, 2; A. Tsiaras3; M. Aspridis4; K. Karpouzas4; J. H. Seiradakis4 & S. Avgoloupis5 1 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland 2 Blackrock Castle Observatory, Cork Institute of Technology, Castle Rd, Blackrock, T12 YW52 Co. Cork, Ireland 3 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E6BT London, United Kingdom 4 Department of Physics, Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece 5 Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece ABSTRACT EV Lacertae is a young (300 million years), M3.5 red dwarf star with strong flare activity. We observed EV Lac in the optical, for three consecutive nights in August 2016. The data obtained were analysed using the Holomon Photometric software and revealed three flares, one for each night. The first, increased the stellar flux by approximately 15% while the following two by approximately 5%. EV Lacertae (EV Lac, Gliese 873, HIP 112460) is a spectral type M3.5 red dwarf star, 16.5 light years away and lies in the constellation Lacerta. It is the nearest star to the Sun in that region of the sky. It is a flare star that emits X-rays and on 25 April 2008, NASA’S Swift satellite recorded a flare which was thousands of times more powerful than the largest observed solar flare. Mavridis and Avgoloupis (1986) were the first who suggested the existence of an activity cycle of 5 years. -
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Observations and Modelling of a Large Optical Flare on at Microscopii
A&A 383, 548–557 (2002) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20011743 & c ESO 2002 Astrophysics Observations and modelling of a large optical flare on AT Microscopii D. Garc´ıa-Alvarez1, D. Jevremovi´c1,2,J.G.Doyle1, and C. J. Butler1 1 Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG N. Ireland e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11070 Belgrade, Yugoslavia Received 26 September 2001 / Accepted 5 December 2001 Abstract. Spectroscopic observations covering the wavelength range 3600–4600 A˚ are presented for a large flare on the late type M dwarf AT Mic (dM4.5e). A procedure to estimate the physical parameters of the flaring plasma has been used which assumes a simplified slab model of the flare based on a comparison of observed and computed Balmer decrements. With this procedure we have determined the electron density, electron temperature, optical thickness and temperature of the underlying source for the impulsive and gradual phases of the flare. The magnitude and duration of the flare allows us to trace the physical parameters of the response of the lower atmosphere. In order to check our derived values we have compared them with other methods. In addition, we have also applied our procedure to a stellar and a solar flare for which parameters have been obtained using other techniques. Key words. stars: activity – stars: chromospheres – stars: flare – stars: late-type 1. Introduction (Doyle & Mathioudakis 1990; Byrne & McKay 1990). Even more energetic flares occur on the RS CVn binary Stellar flares are events where a large amount of energy is systems, the total flare energy in the largest of this type released in a short interval of time, radiating at almost of systems may exceed E ∼ 1038 erg (Doyle et al. -
1 the Effect of a Strong Stellar Flare on the Atmospheric Chemistry of An
The Effect of a Strong Stellar Flare on the Atmospheric Chemistry of an Earth-like Planet Orbiting an M dwarf (Astrobiology, accepted) Antígona Segura 1,* , Lucianne Walkowicz 2,* , Victoria Meadows 3,* , James Kasting 4,* , Suzanne Hawley 5 1Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2University of California at Berkeley, 3University of Washington, 4Pennsylvania State University, 5University of Washington *Members of the Virtual Planet Laboratory Lead Team of the NASA Astrobiology Institute. To whom correspondence should be directed: Antígona Segura Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Circuito Exterior C.U. A.Postal 70-543 04510 México D.F. Phone: 52 (55) 5622 4739 ext. 269 Fax 52 (55) 56 22 46 82 E-mail: [email protected] Running title: Flare effect on an Earth-like planet Abstract Main sequence M stars pose an interesting problem for astrobiology: their abundance in our galaxy makes them likely targets in the hunt for habitable planets, but their strong chromospheric activity produces high energy radiation and charged particles that may be detrimental to life. We studied the impact of the 1985 April 12 flare from the M dwarf, AD Leonis (AD Leo), simulating the effects from both UV radiation and protons on the atmospheric chemistry of a hypothetical, Earth-like planet located within its habitable zone. Based on observations of solar proton events and the Neupert effect we estimated a proton flux associated with the flare of 5.9×10 8 protons cm -2 sr -1 s -1 for particles with energies >10MeV. Then we calculated the abundance of nitrogen oxides produced by the flare by scaling the production of these compounds during a large solar proton event called the “Carrington event”. -
Bibliography from ADS File: Doyle.Bib June 27, 2021 1
Bibliography from ADS file: doyle.bib Nelson, C. J., Doyle, J. G., & Erdélyi, R., “On the relationship between magnetic August 16, 2021 cancellation and UV burst formation”, 2016MNRAS.463.2190N ADS Hill, A., Byrnes, P., Fitzsimmons, J., et al., “A prototype of the NFIRAOS to instrument thermo-mechanical interface”, 2016SPIE.9912E..02H ADS Murphy, T., Kaplan, D. L., Stewart, A. J., et al., “The ASKAP Variables and Reid, A., Mathioudakis, M., Doyle, J. G., et al., “Magnetic Flux Cancellation in Slow Transients (VAST) Pilot Survey”, 2021arXiv210806039M ADS Ellerman Bombs”, 2016ApJ...823..110R ADS Vilangot Nhalil, N., Nelson, C. J., Mathioudakis, M., Doyle, J. G., & Ramsay, Shetye, J., Doyle, J. G., Scullion, E., et al., “High-cadence observations of G., “Power-law energy distributions of small-scale impulsive events on the spicular-type events on the Sun”, 2016A&A...589A...3S ADS active Sun: results from IRIS”, 2020MNRAS.499.1385V ADS Wedemeyer, S., Bastian, T., Brajša, R., et al., “Solar Science with the At- Ramsay, G., Doyle, J. G., & Doyle, L., “TESS observations of southern ultrafast acama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array-A New View of Our Sun”, rotating low-mass stars”, 2020MNRAS.497.2320R ADS 2016SSRv..200....1W ADS Doyle, L., Ramsay, G., & Doyle, J. G., “Superflares and variability in solar- Shetye, J., Doyle, J. G., Scullion, E., Nelson, C. J., & Kuridze, D., “High Ca- type stars with TESS in the Southern hemisphere”, 2020MNRAS.494.3596D dence Observations and Analysis of Spicular-type Events Using CRISP On- ADS board SST”, 2016ASPC..504..115S ADS Srivastava, A. K., Rao, Y. K., Konkol, P., et al., “Velocity Response of the Ob- Park, S. -
The Unexpected Narrowness of Eccentric Debris Rings: a Sign of Eccentricity During the Rsos.Royalsocietypublishing.Org Protoplanetary Disc Phase
The unexpected narrowness of eccentric debris rings: a sign of eccentricity during the rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org protoplanetary disc phase Research Grant M. Kennedy1;2 1Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Article submitted to journal Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK 2Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Subject Areas: Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK astrophysics, extrasolar planets This paper shows that the eccentric debris rings Keywords: seen around the stars Fomalhaut and HD 202628 circumstellar matter, debris discs, are narrower than expected in the standard eccentric protoplanetary discs, planet-disc planet perturbation scenario (sometimes referred to as “pericenter glow”). The standard scenario posits interaction an initially circular and narrow belt of planetesimals at semi-major axis a, whose eccentricity is increased Author for correspondence: to ef after the gas disc has dispersed by secular Grant Kennedy perturbations from an eccentric planet, resulting e-mail: [email protected] in a belt of width 2aef . In a minor modification of this scenario, narrower belts can arise if the planetesimals are initially eccentric, which could result from earlier planet perturbations during the gas-rich protoplanetary disc phase. However, a primordial eccentricity could alternatively be caused by instabilities that increase the disc eccentricity, without the need for any planets. Whether these scenarios produce detectable eccentric rings within protoplanetary discs is unclear, but they nevertheless predict that narrow eccentric planetesimal rings should exist before the gas in protoplanetary discs is dispersed. PDS 70 is noted as a system hosting an asymmetric protoplanetary disc that may be a progenitor of eccentric debris ring systems.