The Contributions of John Thomas Jutson to Geomorphology

,1rr\6t

The Contrlbutíons of John Thomas Jutson

Èo GeomorPhologY

; E. J. Bro'ck

VOLUME II

(1874 Correspondence of John Thom¡s Jutson - 1959) ' Australian geol-ogist and geomorphologlst' r^rritten over Èhe years 1898 to 1950.

CopyrighÈ L977, DeparÈment of Minerals and Energy' Victorla. No material included in thl-s volume which is identffied as parÈ of the Jutson Documents may be extracted or used in any way wlthout the wríÈten permLssion of the Direetor of Geological Survey, DepartmenÈ of Minerals and Energy, Vict.orl-a.

r}r i' j'i',t Arr.'," .i rü /\ ¡,iÍ . 11

ContenÈs

Introduct ion iíi

Correspondence 1 Author index 235 all

Introductíon

Collections of corresPondence of men and r'¡omen who have contributed slgnificantl-y to human culture have a fasclnation all of theír own. In their lettersr men reveal not only their general character, but also thelr hopes and aspirations, their problems and concerns, Èheir frustrations and misgivings. Such is the nature of the collectlon enclosed in this volume. In his will, Jutson left ínstructions thaÈ certain strictly personal letters be destroyed. Brrt he set aside corresPondence that concerned professional matters pertaining to geology and geomorphology and it l-s this that is here placed before the reader.

Guíded by the practices of editors of such collectl-ons, the wrlter has employed the following editorlal scheme l-n preparing this volume. Initially,. the letters hTere arïanged alphabetically by author, and chronologícally within each group of letters by the

same auÈhor. Each letter ¡l7as assigned a rtumber, whlch aPPears at the top left side. All letters wrltten to Jutson have been headed "From"""' wíth the addltion of the tltle of the author, such as for example "Director, Geologícal Survey of l{estern Australlar" or the name of the instítution or organization with which the author rtTas assoc- lated. Letters r^r'ritten by Jutson are headed "To. . .". Because all his letters were wrltten from 9 Ivanhoe Parade, Ivanhoe, Vic- l_v torla, this address is omitted' the date only beÍng given. In the address of authors other than Jutson, the professional instítution or organizatíon ls given when it appears on the original letter, followed by the tortm or city, state or provlnce, and country of origin. Exception to this is made for letters written in Aus- tralla, where tolvn or city, and state only are glven. In a group of leÈÈers by the same author, the address ls given on the first letter, and thereafter omitted unless there 1s a change of address. In the letter itself , the salutatl-on ís retal-ned, while the complÍmentary close l-s omitted. Obvl-ous mlsspellings are indicated by Isic], but ídiosyncratic contractions are left unexpanded. Margínalia by Jutson are placed at the end of the letter in square brackets, with the l-nitlals JTJ in parentheses. In the author l-ndex to Èhe volume, the number appearing after

the authorts name is the page number, not the letter number. For letters written by Jutson, these are listed under his name, but

l-ndented and alphabetically arranged accordlng to the recipient of hls letter. Time alone wl-ll te1l the sígniflcance of this correspondence. But the writer hazards a guess that ln preserving hls letters for posterity, Jutson posthumously has made a most slgnfficant contributl-on to geol-ogy and geomorPhology. I a.- t/

No. 1 Fron E. C. Andrews, SYdneY' Geol-ogical Branch' Department New South Ìtrales' of Mines. MaY 13, 1910 Dear Sir, I have glanced through the note on the Plenty Ríver just received from you. The physiography of the Yarra is noÈ well knovm to me and any papers on its hístory are very r¡elcome. I gather all possible ínfonnation concerning the Tertiary history of Australia as it appears to be almost an unknown quanÈity, and yet rlre have a great amount of fossil and physiographic evidence if it could only be unravelled. Now for instance in your account of the old Plenty River' I find no reference to supposed age excePt Èhat ít has been buried under the Newer Volcanics while these in turn have been trenched by a youthful gorge of very little length. Al1 of that could have been accomplished in the advanced Pleistocene, for I have seen gorges 700 ft. in depth and many miles in length excavated in solid rhyolites and granites overlain by glacial moraines (owen valley in california). Again the great gorges of the Auvergne are only Pleístocene in age. Are we then to conclude that your old Plenty Ríver is only Pleistocene in age? Have you not other evidence? Take for example your basalts in that region. In what state of dissection are they? Are they dissected by the young canyons only.,- or do they show signs of iepeated cycles of erosion? Do your "newer volcanícs" not fall in line with ours at Kiandra, ForesÈ Reefs, and the Darling Dovms (Queensland) and Ballarat below which the fossils are all simílar (Pentenne, Rhyditocaryon, Plesiucapparis' etc.). Now take Èhe case of Forest Reefs (and I believe Ballarat is a símilar topography). Here we have "leads" which were formed during subsidence. Basalts !üere Poured over this subsiding area. Then came formation of small peneplains or very mature valleys ín the basalt, then a mature dissection of this surface Ín turn. Then came great and repeated uplifÈ in early Pleístocene and enormous canyons were formed v¡hich even no\¡I are eating their way back along Èhe mature valleys of the Pliocene. On Physiographic evídence I would refer the "Newer Volcanicsil to the early Plio- cene (or the closing ì.fiocene). Your paper is valuable in any discussion as to the varying courses of streams and the formaÈíon of canyons in peneplalns and I would like to see you investigate the still greater problems of the Miocene, Pliocene and Pleisto- cene for your regíon. All the more \¡Iou1d I urge this on you because your paper evídences care and true scientifíc ínsight. llhile on the subject of Ballarat do not let me be imagined as dlscussing I^larrenherp and other craters. They may be Pleisto- cene in age and have burst through the surface excavated in the Newer Volcanics and assocíated PaLaeozolc complex by stream erosíon. 2

No. 2 From E. C. Andrews. l(ay 22, 1911

Dear Jutson, Have read through your t\^lo papers on Yarra (& lJarrandyte) physiography and geology. Al1ow me to congratulate you on your r^rork. Your case for antecedent streams is good, so a1-so your case for slow uplift. A better point still is the relation in tl-me of the plateau and harbour formations. The two are very differenÈ in poinË of time. The peneplain was hoisted and trenched wlth eanyons & the submergence of these canyon & valley mouths gave rise t.o many harbours etc. Your note on senkungsfelder being often differenÈially raised blocks 1s good. Under separate cover I fow¡ard you a note of mine read last November on "Geographíc Unity of Eastralía in Pliocene and Pleís- tocene times." You will there find most of these subjects discussed for N. S. trIales, Queensland & Tasmania. By the way there is one thing I miss in your paPer, v|z. the age of the Nullumblk plaÈeau as shown by erosion in the precanyon cycle. You will remember thaÈ the laÈer deposiÈs (Newer Volcanic Age) were dlssected to late-maturLty before the upll-ft, therefore the age of the peneplain itself must be shoved back say to older Pliocene at leasË while Èhe plateaus are only as old as the gorges which dís- sect them and are doubtless only Pleistocene in age. Long live physiography. I foresee a great career of useful- ness for you in Victoria. You have there the evidence to work out the hisÈory of the Tertiary in Southeastern Austral-ia.

No. 3 From E. C. Andrews. l{.ay 29, 1918

Dear Juston: I was much pleased to receive your letter and your seParate on "Erosion...ín Subarid Llestern Australia...tt from ttGeographieal Journal" for Dec. L9L7. I have read this Paper through, but only líghtly. Before givíng an expression of opinion on it I would 1l-ke to read íË much more carefully. I wil-l write, therefore, from Broken Hill as I am making a Survey of that dlstríct. The idea of arld erosion never díd appeal to me as an explanation of E. Australfan toPography, although Mawson sees ít as a great eroding agent at Broken If111. I had iÈ out face to face wlth G. K. Gtlbert ln Colorado & with Davis ln Australia' also against l{alther fn Melbourne. I donrt deny the efficacy of arl-d eroslon. IrrhaÈ I do deny 1s that the features of Colorado, Nevada, Broken Hillr & certain other places seen by me, have been nought buÈ nodified slightl-y by arid processes. The dfspositlon of the thalwegs, the general contours, suggest streâm topography with recent slight aggxada- tíon. 3

However, your paPer is one on which you are Èo be congratulated highly. It ís a strong Paper, and strong PaPers are Ëhe- only oneÀ which count. ,I congratulate you whole heartedly on it' Iwil1d'iscussitlaterafterseeingabitmoreofBroken HÍll. Under seParate cover I include 3 recent notes' one on Aus- tralian structures' one on Australian floweríng plants & one on a local beach. I^Iíth best wishes and hearËy congratulatíons on your great help to the cause of geograPhY. tE. C. Andrews on Arid Erosion (JTJ)I

No. 4 From J. Andrews, Secretary, Sydney' The Geographical SocieÈy of New South Wales' New SouËh l^Iales. August 1-4, 1933 Dear Sir' rrÀustrallan I am forwarding herewiÈh a copy of the Geo- grapher" (Vol. 2, No. 1), which I hope you w111 fínd of interest' ih.-e"ographer íå the journal of the Geographlcal Society of New South Wáles, and existã for publl-cation of geographícal Lnforma- tíon concerning the Australían conÈinent; the artícles are invariably the result of research, and have considerable scientífic value. The Journal is intended to appeal to the serious as well as the less serious reader r¿ho deslres to keep abreast of the tÍmes in geographlcal work, and it is expecÈed that such a journal will have a r,¡ide appeal among the Australian public' To facíl-itatá organisation, we are endeavouring to form a subscription 1ist, for qrhích your supPort is lnvited' The Geog- rapher riff ¡" publtshed quarterly; the annual subscription for ít is four shillings, but I would ask you to noÈe that members of the SoeieÈy (who páy a subscriptíon of ten shíl1-ings) receive theír copy gratls: I{e lnvlte your co-operatíon ín our work, and ask you to cornplete the form below and return it to the Hon. Secretary. On behalf of the Councll, rrAustralian year from [Request. to supply the Geographer" for 1 L2i8/33. 4/- postal note No. 410090 payable to ,Geoph. socy. of N. S.w. at sydney. (JTJ)l

No. 5 From the,. Edítor The Argus. Melbourne ' Víctoria. ' July 1-2, 1935

The Editor presents his compliments to Mr' Jutson' and in reply to Mr. Jutsån's letËer of July 11, desires to say that he 4

will be glad to consider Mr. Jutsonrs artícle uPon the Port Phíllip foreshore. It would appear from Mr. Jutsonts letter that the article is rather too long for publicaËion in the columns of ttThe Argusr" but upon perusal of the article, the Editor will be in a better position to speak with finaliÈy upon this poJ-nt. It may be that Mr. Jutson will be agreeable to conde-nse or shorteU the arÈícle according to the Editor I s ¡nrísties.

No. 6 From the EdiÈor, The Argus. July 18, 1935

The Editor Pïesents his complíments Èo Mr. Jutson, and desires Ëo say that while he has read Èhe enclosed artÍcle with greaË interest, it is altogether Èoo long for Èhe requirements of ttThe Argus. tt If Mr. Jutson cares Èo reduce the article by at least half' preserving the conclusions upon pages 6 and 9, the Editor will be glad to ïeconsider the article wiÈh a vl-ew to its publication at an opportune time.

No. 7 From the Editor, The Argus. SepË. 5, f935 The Editor presents his complimenÈs to Mr. Jutson, and in reply to Mr. Jutsonrs letËer of Septembex 4, desires to say that he will be glad Èo consider occasional articles by Mr. JuËson. Pressure upon space, however, severely restricÈs the cholce of mat.erial The Edítor would be pleased to consider an artlcle on Èhe dry lakes of trIestern Australia. The article should not exceed 1400 words in length. There is no need to inquire before submittlng articles.

No. 8 From L. C. Ballr Brísbane' Geologfst. aueensland. Jan. 10' 1935 Dear Sír, A copy of Bulletin 95 of the Geological Survey of f,Iestern Australia has come to hand sínce my recent visit to ÌJestern Austra- 1ia as a member of the Executive Committee of the Aerial, Geolog- ical and Geophysical survey of Northern Australía, and it has interested me vastly. From my own few personal observatlons I had taken the Dar- ling Plateau to be sinply the dl-ssected fringe of the Great Plateau & the Nullabor Plains a seParaËe physiographíc and geologic unlt. I note your descrtption of the Darlíng Fault buË 5

I fatl to find any references to a posstble fault between Zanthus and KiÈchener - though it. ntght be inferred from the Èopography and ít would not be at variance with the geology. A fault 1n thÍs position would separate Salinaland and Sandland and with the Dar- ling fau1t would suggesÈ that Salinaland r^rith part of S¡¿anland is an immsnse horst. Perhaps you have investigated the evidence and decíded that lt is not worthy of consideration?

No. 9 Frorn L. C. 8a11. Jan. 30, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, It was kind of you to acknowledge receipt of rny letter of 10th instant. I have no evidence whatever of Èhe exlstence of a fault between Zanthus and Kitchener; but the change ín topography and geology on the Transcontinental Railway there ls suggestive, and I wondered if you as an authority on the geology and geomorphology of Idestern Australia had considered the possibility.

No. 10 From I{. Baragwanath, Director Melbourne, of Geologlcal Survey, Depart- Vlctoria. ment of Mines. Oct. 28, 1927 Dear Sir, I^lith reference to your letter of the 15Èh instant, I nm to inform you that the Geological Maps rnentioned on the appended sheet have been issued...since July, L926. If you wilL give a list of the publicatlons referred to in Dr. Fennerts report we will bríng it up to date.

No. 11 From I.l. Baragwanath. Nov. 25, 1927 Dear Sír, In repl-y to your letter of the lst instanÈ, I desire to infom you as follows:- Bulletin 49, t'Some Mlnes at Malsonrtt J. J. Caldwell , and H. S. t{hitelartr. Photographic Notes by D. J. Mahony, 13 plates. L926. Bulletl-n 50, "The Costerfíeld Auriferous Antimony Veins." H. S. !Íhitelaw, 5 Plates. 1926. Bulletin 51. t'Tables for the Calculation of Rock Anal- yses." D. J. Mahony. L926. The following are Èo be issued shortly:- Records of the Geological Survey, Vol. V, Part I, "The Geology & Palaeontology of the Sorrento Bore.tt F. Chapman. t'Bores Records" for years L9I9-L922, Stanley Hunter. 6

No. 12 From tr'. E. Barrett Elsternwíck, VicÈoria. July 30, L928 Dear Sir, Enclosed f índ cuttl-ng from Herald. There was another article' in an English, or American Journal, but at Present I am unable to find it' Mr. Barretl is in NW Queensland r¿ith the British Scíentists aÈ present, & may not be back for two or Èhree weeks' I^Iould you please return these cuttings, & oblige'

[Currlngs returned by f/S/28 (JTJ)]

No. 13 From J. A. Bartrum, Hon. Auckland' SecretarY, Section C., New Zealand' A.N.Z.A.A.S. Meeting, L937, May 4, 1936 Auckland UniversitY College Dear Sir, You are doubtless aïare ÈhaÈ the 1937 meeËing of the Australían and New Zealand AssociaÈion for the Advancement of Scíence ís to be held in Auckland, New ZeaLand' The Precise arrangements are dependent on steâmer sailings and arrÍvals, which are not yeÈ obÈainable with certainty, buÈ the provisional dates allotted are hlednesday 13th January to I,lednãsday 20 January 1937. Pre-sessíonal and post-sessional excursions are being kepÈ in mind and ful-l- detaíls will be forwarded when arrangenents as to dates are fl-nalísed' l{e are trusËing that you wíll be able to attend this meeting of the Association; in our turn, we wí1l do all in our pol¡Ier to make it a success. I shall be glad Ëo know:- (1) If you are likely Èo attend the meeting' (2) If you are able to contríbute a PaPer or PaPers to Section C. If so, will you be so good as Èo 1et me have the tiËle or Èltles as soon as possible? (3) If you know of others not likeLy to have received this clrcular who may come to the meeÈing and/or Present papers before Section C. (Geology). Thankíng you in anticipation of an eartry reply'

No. 14 From J. A. BarÈrum. August L2, L936

Dear Mr. Jutson' I must thank you for your leÈter of the lst & for your statement that you are sendlng me a coPy of your paPer on Port Ph1lip, whích I shall be very glad to have. I rrust that you rnay be able to be in N. z. for the 1937 7

Meeting of the Associ.aÈlon. I am posting a number of reprínts whích perhaps may interest you. llith kínd regards,

No. 15 From J. A. BarÈrr¡m. July 12, L937 Dear Mr. Jutson, Very many thanks for your inÈeresting letter and comments upon shore-líne honeycombing. I had noÈiced the structuve on some dune limestones at l¡larnambool , in S. l^I. Victoria, but often it r^¡as well away from any chance of sea-spray 1n drops large enough to be at all effective. I certainly do not think that we know much about the whole of the processes involved. I do not think from local examples, ho\nrever, that the actual corrasive effect of drops of spray can be a prímary factor, for often the wal1s of the cells are remarkably thin and I have notíced fn- stances, where the shore line is in slow retreat, of the cells being destroyed by such sPray. In the cases I have 1n mínd, Èhe honeycombing was developed on rock-platforms raised a few feet above presenË sea-level and is being destroyed at Ëhe presenÈ Èíme - rapidly too - apparently ín parÈ owing to the advance of chernícal weathering and in part to Èhe advance of the shore line as the face of the platforrn is cut back by Èhe $raves. It apPears to ne as lf the "strengtheningtt of the cel-l walls is a most iuportanÈ factor after the early inítiatÍon of the piÈs; this seems likely to result from Èhe process I have suggested. In some examples it appears very líkely indeed thaÈ mechanical acËion of spray is actually assísting the deepenlng of the píÈs once the protective hardening of the cell walls has been effected. By the way Dr. E. S. Híl1s tells me that a German has preceded me ln ventilaÈlng practícally Èhe same views. Ir !üas ln a fairly recent semi-popular journal he takes. Dr. H. S. Palmer also has sent me a copy of Scherberts paper to which I did not have access. You are welcome to the loan of the copy if you r,¡ould care f or ir. I am enclosing a photograph of good honeycombíng in our local basal-ts - at Takapuna - whích are strongly vesicular, and therefore not mentl-oned in my dlseussion of homogeneous rocks.* The face of the block of rock on which the honeycombíng occurs is roughly transverse to the shore, and there l-s no similar plt- tíng where the rocks are exPosed at all- fully to vígorous sPray, as you will see from the surface of the coarsely vesicular rock ín the foreground. The pits shown in thís latter are not enlarged so far as I can tell, but represent essentlally vesicles in their orlgínal state. Unless the block has been roteted from some earlíer position, in which Èhe honeycomblng was developed, the occurrence is an enigma to me; the posslbtlity of such rota- tion is, however, strong. 8

You will note that the spacing of the pits appears to have no vefy definite relation to the veslcles, though these must surely have initiated the excavation. It appears likely that "strengËhening" again is really the effective factor, for, as you will noÈe, the cell wa1ls are often very thin. I^Iith kínd regards, *The watch 1s 2 ins. in diameÈer.

No. 16 From J. A. BarÈrum. August 30' 1937

Dear Mr. Jutson, Many thanks for your letter and its interesting corûments on the honeycomb structure of the loca1 basalt. There ís no need to return Èhe photograph and you are welcome to use it any tÍme if you should happen to wish to do so. I am posting Scherberts paper wiÈh my own rough translation; please do not crlticise this latter, for I am hopeless at German. I,'Iíth kind regards,

[Rerurned both oríginal & translation by leEter of 5/L0/37, also Ëhanked B. for the photo. (JTJ)I

No. L7 From E. V. Binney' Chatham, Eng1and. Secretary, The InstiËutlon JuLy 26' L937 of Royal Engineers. Dear Sir, tr{ith reference to your l-etter of 17th June. I forward herewith under separate cover a coPy of the article you mention. The price ís 2/6, whlch I shall be obliged J-f you wl-ll remit to me as above. IInvoíce accompanylng this letter fot 2/6. Returned with ny leËrer of Ll9/37. (JTJ)l

No. 18 From E. Blackwelder, California, U.S.A. ' Stanford University. April 22, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, On the sixth of December last year you infomed me by letÈer that you had arranged to have a copy of your book on Èhe physlography of l{estern Australia sent to me. At the same tlme you suggested that tf the volume did not arrive I should notlfy you. I{e have been on the lookout for the book ever since and have made inquiries at the universlty library, Èhlnking thaË iÈ 9

been delivered there by rnistake, buÈ thus far there night have journey has been no result. I hope it has not gone astray in the to this country, as I shall be very much interested in reading it and I think it very kind of you to offer me a coPy' I{ith kind regards' LL8/6/35. Lre I,ù.G.G. Perth as to whether a coPy of 8u11. 95 had been posted to E.B. & íf so when. If a copy cld not be spared I could send him one of mine. (JTJ)I

No. 19 From E. Blackwelder. August 13, 1935

Dear Mr. Jutson, Your letter of 4th July has jusÈ arrlved' I regret now that I did not waÍt a l-íttle longer before writing my previous letter to you, for as you predicted in your l-ast letter the copy of your "li-rysiogtaphy ôf üIesteïn Australiarr arrived from Wash- inglon some weet s ágã. I have taken much pleasure ín examining thls excellenÈ description of a region wholly unfamillar Èo me' Please accept my hearty Èhanks.

No. 20 From T. Blatchford South Perth Western Australia Iundated] My Dear Jutson' Yours of rhe 16th inst. just to hand. I^Iith the fanily we have been down to Augusta and only just returned' Thank you both for your syrnpathy. It has been a hard knock particularly to hf-s young wife & mother: However one has jusË iot to swallor¡ the pi1l- and box on Èhe best way one can until the inevítable happens. How are you both these times. Have not been to Melbourne for a fairly long period - Just missed qulte a 1oÈ of cheap ones by leaving the Gov. when I díd. You will be sorry to hear that Mlss Arrostiong has left the scienÈlfic síde and has married & when last seen was busy on a, poultry farm some 15 miles south of Perth. I think she is quÍte happy but what a waste of brains - I arn hoping her father who has just gone h7est, has left have a chance to bring about a "come- her his money so- shà can t'drunkt' backtt - We frâd our usual annual at the old office. About ãó-f,trt.¿ up - t'absent fríends & associaÈes" was toasted as usual' Dave Murray rras the last Èo go. thaÈ Dr' Símpson is marrled again Suppose you have heard t'worldts which adds to the nunber of the wonders" thaÈ is to most of us. Qutte happy and apparently "both we11"' 1 em working- ror thã de Bernales group but will soon be out - they are too bally crook for my fancy' please remember me to Mrs. Jutson and with best of fond wishes for 1937 & on 10

No. 2L From K. Bryan. l'lashington, D'C' , U' S'A' March B, f923 Returned and rernailed Nov. 15' 1923 Dear Sir, I have been reading your papers on erosive processes ln ülestern Australia with much interest & take the liberty of sendíng you separates of articles some of v¡hích refer to similar subjects' close & deÈailed studies such as you have made seem to me to be the right line of attack on desert probleurs. The era of broad general'izaÈions on inadequaËe observations is over. I am searching for vatid criteria to shor¡ wind scour & it seems to me Èhat you have in your parallel arrangement of debris at right angles tô tne slope of the rock surface (pediment) a useful and valíd criterion. I have a Paper ready for the press on wind scoured hollows (rock tanks) in which I have used them as criteria. Pedestal rocks (rnuch-rooms) are not necessarily due to wind action being found in all climates, but as I am showing in another paPer even in a climate with about 5 inches they may be safely attributed to rain and vreathering. l[hen these Papers come out I rvill send you seParates, and you will note that I am attaching a great deal of importance .to lhe varíety of arid. climate, which is producing the results observed. Your papers, doubtless because the facts are so ¡^tell known in Australia, merely say thaË your field of study ís sub- aríd with less than 10 inches rainfall. In Arizona & New Mexíco we have little wind work with 10 inches and in most localities streams are dominant in transporting debris dov¡n to 3 inches. Perhaps you have very high tenperatures or the rains come in small amounts or very genÈly? Nov. 15: If you have not receíved the separates mentioned please 1et me know. KB

[Rec'd 5/2/24. Answered ]-B/2/24 (JTJ)]

No. 22 From K. Bryan, Geologlst. I^Iashington, D.C., U.S.Ä. United States Geological March 4, L924 SurveY, I{ater-Resources Branch Dear 1"1r. Jutson, Your address at Jolimont Terrace rnras obtal-ned from a list of me¡nbers of Èhe Royal socíeÈy of victoria. I had given up hope that you would ever receive either my letÈer or packet' Under separate cover you will find three recent publlcations. Through the regular channels I am having sent lrlater-Supply Papers 498 and 497, ¡¡hich are recent publications on our desert area that may interest you. You will note Èhat I am still unconvinced of the general 1l efficacy of r¿ind as an erosive agent, but that I have no doubt of its transportíng power. Generalizations, howeverr are really premature and the advocates of r.rind erosion have sinned in assigning the phenomena of one Èype of arid cllmate to all types. They have, also, made sweeping statements on insufflcient and un- critical observation. Your papers seem to me to be a refreshÍng contrast, because your observations are close and critical. You have not, however, defined the cllmatic characterlstics of western Australia precisely, and this omisslon leaves me wondering why there is laterite fn the region, and whether there are not Periods of heavy rainfall at intervals of a year or two. I mention these matters because I feel that l4tith close and critical analysis of processes in reglons havlng different ÈyPes of arid climates we will one of these days be in a posltion to generalize on the value of wind work. In regard to sheet flood erosion you r^till note that the Papago counÈry is the type area ln which McGee made hís observations. The rock plains that. he saw are the pedimenÈs I have described and most of them are no longer in process of formation. The sheet flood that he describes so graPhically took place ín an area r^7here the streams are dePosftingr not erodíng. McGeers theory, therefore, rests on faulty observation. I did not feel justified in saying that sheet flood erosíon is impossible, - it may easíly be, and, therefore, did not see the use of callíng attention to McGeets defects as a fietd observer. However, ít occurs to me that you might be glad to have this ínsíde lnforma- tlon on a favorite Amerl-can doctrine. It ls l_nterestlng to find on the other side of the world a man who ls attacking the same problem 1n much the same way. I hope to hear from you aÈ intervals, and would be glad to have separates of your papers. P. S. - Government publicaÈions to foreign countries are sent. at irregular lntervals via the Smlthsonian InternatiÕnal Exchange Service and are dellvered to the exchange agencies on the other side, the agency in Melbourne being the Public Library of VicÈor- ia. You can probably expedite delivery of the water-supply papers by inqulring for them at that library.

No. 23 From K. Bryan. Sept. 2, L924

Dear Mr. Jutson, Your letter of Feb. 18, resent July 29 was recelved Èoday in this little rntning town among the pines, where I arn trying t0 determine whether tf we build a dam 100 ft. htgh to store irri- gation water, we wlll flood the mines wlth seepage. It 1s far cry from the Arizona desert, but only 30 mlles from a desert just as real tho not as notorl-ous. Ilowever the problem of the dam or the damn problem is so T2

difficult & engrossing that I will wait untl-l wlnter when I am back in l{ashingÈon, D.C. to w'rite you a real letter. Let us hope that we have this correspondence on a business basis. Please send to me U. S. Geologlcal Survey, llashíngtont D. C. I travel much & have no PermanenÈ address in the city of I^lashington. I regret that you are alray from a desert at Present, buÈ so am I. One must eat: it is a vulgar but necessary habiÈ'

No. 24 From K. Bryan. Nov. 14, 1-924

Dear Mr. Jutson, On my return to l^IashingÈon about trnTo vreeks ago, I f ound awaitíng me the separates you r^rere kind enough to send. They will be useful in that form and save trips to the library' The past season has not been very productive of new maÈer- ial on deserÈ processes, but after January I I hope to have my time free to work on a long delayed rePort on the San Pedro Va11ey ln souËhern Arizona' an area that has a fine display of the erosion surfaces that I have been callíng pediments. Similar surfaces have been found in Nevada and very exten6f-ve geological reconnaissance is being carried on by the II. S. Ge.ological Sur- vey. In unraveling the post-Miocene history, the geologists engaged have found that the study of these surfaces is of prime importance. l^Ihen this work is published I vrill see that you get copies, but that time nay be several years from now, as our Pub- lication schedule l-s much congested. It seems unfortunate that your service ln \,¡estern Australia is at an end, and Èhat you are líving in a relatively humid cllmate, because I feel that you were just v¡e1l starÈed on the problerns of arid reglons. Horrrever, I believe that similar studies of humid areas are just as necessary. lJe know very llttle abouE Èhe angles of slope typical of erosÍon in various huml-d cllmates or the effect of perÍodicitv in raínfall. This lqnorance leads to rnuch confusíon of thought in Èhe study of Èhe so-calIed normal cycle and |n the interpretation of sedíments. Perhaps you will be able to give us something on the vicinity of Melbourne. I have been dígging ín the liÈerature and have a specíalized biblioeraphy on some of the subjects that we have been workl-ng on. If at any t.íme I can help you with a list of references, please let me know.

No. 25 From K. Bryan. Carnbridge, Massachusetts' U. S.A. Nov. 9, 1931 My Dear Mr. Jutson, I have your letter of SePt. 29 & have enjoYed Your PaPer on 13

Port Phillips Bay. I am g1-ad to know that you are back in the r have that is new. ãáå a will send you undei separate cover what Physiography or as iÈ ís coming to be called geomorphology' is apparântly taking a sPurt all over the world' The Germans are excited over thã philosophy of I'tr' Penck' Just what is dolng the work in the U. S. I do not know. For one thlng the arld regions are comíng into their own. Obvlously the transitions types have the greatest importance & I hope we will hear from you'

No. 26 From K. Bryan, Harvard Cambridge' Massachusetts' UniversÍty' DePartment of U'S'A' GeologY and GeograPhY, MaY 13' 1935 Geological Museum. Dear Mr. Jutson' I have your letter of April I and note that a coPy of your hAS bEEN SCCONd EditiON Of thc PHYSIOGRAPHY OF I,üESTERN AUSTRALIA sent through the Smithsonian Exchange' It requires abouË three months to pass through the routine of the smithsonian Exchange so have not yet recelved that |t 1s not at all remarkable that I - thls report. I thank you for your interest in this matter and assure you of my best ¡¿ishes for your conÈínued success and interest in geologY.

No. 27 From G. Cazavx. Dordogne, France. Oct. 16 ' 1933 Monsieur'------;;'r6pon"e t à.rotr. lettre du 26 Juin 1933, Jtai^lrhonneur de vous adresser mes sincëres remerciements Pour la tache que vous avez accepte dtaccomplís au profit de notre Sociêtê! Je dois vous dire que les points sulvants sont ceux qui nous inÈeressent le Pl-us: - lnfluenc"s n6t6orologíques quí aglssent et ont agí sur ces dunes (en Partlcull-er, les vents) - ¿o""é." physiques et mln6ralogiques concernanË ces dunes - donnêes nun6riques' topographiques' cartographiques - donn[es sur les varlations mlcaniques (statiques, dyna- níques)' 6ârá a- histor- Votre êtnde,^ sera ulÈerierurement,,lr'or{arr remlse ra "soctêtá rrsoc- ique et árch.eologlque du Pays de Buch" (Arcachon) , ou a- la iåtã iiÀt.""r,oi" o,, a la rrsoctétê linnÉene de Bord- eaux. ""f"nrífíquãtt Je suis de ceux qui, personnellement, tireronË profit du contenu de voËre 6tuae; 5e prépare un Ëravail sur les dunes åa f" ¡nétéorologíe du Golfe""r, de Gascogne. Je ne manquerai pas' selon votre désir, de vous en envoyer un etKamplaire' Je vous pri dtagr6.er, Monsíeur, mes remercie¡nents et mes sincãres salutations. L4

No. 28 From G. Cazaux. Dordogne, France. Iundatedl SÍr, I have the honour to ask you to give me through one or nore competent persons (geographers, hydrographers, engineers, ocean- ographers, ete.) some information concerning the maríne sand dunes of Port Phillip and Moreton Bay for the "Socíété historique du Pays de Buch (Arcachon, France). Rather explicit ansr¡Iers to the following questíons would be suffícient: I^Ihat is the age of each of these 2 sysÈems of dunes? Mode of formation, soil- (forrnation) on which they resÈ. Topographical aspect - Forms and dimensions of the dunes. Nature of wind blown sand foming then (chemical composiÈion, qualitat.ive, quantitative, grain size, densíty (s.g.), etc.) Meteorological condltions of formation of dunes: winds, hygrometry, pluviomeËry, loeal climate. Hydrographic condíÈions of líttoral (marine currents, depth of sea, (types of) shore, movements of tides, various movements of waves, ebb-tides, storms, ete.) for each of these systems. Mobtlity of dunes. Changes ín shape (deformations). Vegetatíon. Have the dunes been fíxed? and by r¡hat methods? I,Jhat work has been published on these dune systems? And in general, bibliography concerning then (articles, nanuscripts, eÈc. ) . To what instítutions should we write to obtaín simílar information about the dunes of the Swan estuary and those of Port Hedland. Your reply will be published in the journal of our Socíety. The sum of If. 50c in stamps is enclosed for the sending of your reply which can be made through the French ConsulaÈe in Vic- toria. Thanking you, etc.

No. 29 From T. Chapman. Balwyn, VícÈorla. Feb. 7, 1924 My dear Jutson, I have finíshed the determlnatíon of the two seríes of the Kiuberley fossíls and am about to type out. a clear copy. It would be better to cut out the Redwood and that wíll con- form to Blatchfordrs idea. Re the typewríter, a portable Underwood or failing that, a Corona. . Have been asked a paper for Adelaide. Can you suggest? How would the age of the Tertiary of I.I.A. and I,I.S.A. do? Could you do ít conjointly with me or ¡¿ould you l1ke Miss Crespin to join in? Re questlons, whlch I answer to my small measure of abllity. 15

(f) From LÍlydale Sta. follow the road over line to N. turn to right past quarr)/-menrs cottages ancl left again tô the Cemetery at thà top of the h111. Go due north dovm road off Cemetery and strike the Mooroolbark Rd. A quarter of a ml-le do¡sn road to E' will Èake you to the spot off Èhe quarry, a fleabite in the rísing ground, with a pond at the base. [nudduck's quarry (JTJ)] iZ> Kenyon r""á paper a few years aElo on the ì{a1lee, before the Hist. Soc. of Melbourne," which was then publlshed. Also refer to the Victorian Naturalist; Hardy and others. Also Kenyon.-Ma11ee country of vícroria (n.I^I. ). B.A.A. S. Melbourne 1914. [MalIee Salt Lake. (JTJ)l (3) See Reports of Interstate Conference of Artesian I'trater. Abour three vols. publíshed . lunderground water, Vic . 1-lf,f ) J (4) Allot. 56. Parish of Goldie, about three quarters of a mile N.I{. of Mount wiltiam Rly. Sta. see Pan-Pacific congress Hand- book, :-g23 (rnap of the Lancefield-Mount !üilIiam Dlstríct, facing p. 140). [Lancefield graptolite quarry (JTJ)] iS¡ Ann. Rep. Secy. Mines, Victorla 1911 (1910)' p' 152' See rf"o ry "Cainozoic Geology of the Mallee and other Boresr" p. 401. ISorrento bore. (JTJ)] iO> Ann. Rep. Secy. Mines Vict. 1895 (1894)' P' 60' See.also 'iCaÍnozolc Geol. oi M"ll".." p. 401. [Portland bore. (JTJ)] (7) Keble is engaged on r¡ork of thls kind at present. see Kit- son "Report on the Brown Coal Beds and associate-d deposÍts of the \,ùerribee Plain, Vict. " - Trans . Austr. Inst . ìfinlng Engineers ' Vicr. pp. 255-267. Map. LgO2. Also Kitson "R"p. on CoasÈline between Frankston, Morningt.on and Dromana." Monthly Prog. ReP. G.S.V. No. 12.1900. [Physíography of Port Phillip' (¡r'l)] Kind regards ' 'Scuse mistakes - catching PosÈ.

No. 30 From F. Chapman, Melbourne, Victoría. National Museum. Mar. 30' L925 My dear JuÈson' Thanks for makíng the liÈt1e excursion on sat. so enJoy- able. Have been thinkíng hard about the occurrence of the estuarine bed. I find thaÈ the contour line of the Green Gully bed on the military map of Sunbury ís 125 feeÈ ab' sea' That ls nothing of an upltft in Plel-stocene times. consider the uplift of the lterribee plaíns and the Gorge of 800 feet after the flor¡ of the newer basalt. Of course Lhere ought to be some remnants of the Diatom deposit lov¡er down the stream' but' again, they may have been all denuded away. The stream was no doubt extenslvely barred, as for instance see how the saltwater higher uP 1n lts intensive meanders poínts to a damming on a Latge scale. If then we postulate the bed ín Green Gutly, being periodically over- flowed by a rising tide, and this would be shov¡n by the estuarine types of Èhe díaËorns, the thing is easy' 16

Re basalt & limestone. That there hrere great disturbances going on ín the basaltíc plus Lepidocyclina times ís easily seen rh.tt of the basal limestones are examined, for the shells "..tions are Jaumed agaínst one another and in some cases crushed. HoW would a triune physiography paper do on this area. But this is impertinence, for you were deputed to do it |n the early days before we came on the scene. Those \^rere t\^7o lucky hits on Saturday r¿hich gave us the Odontaspis and the RetePora.

No. 31 From F. Chapman. ÃpríL 22, 1925

My dear Jutson, Thanks for two letters. I am sorry to have delayed sending you the little paper, and I f orget whether I sent l,tr. T. Harrisl address, whích is - High School, Echuca. Thanks also for the lengthy excogitation of the Green Gully problem. Monday morning last, being a holiday, and David over here, Skeats, [ ? ] & I ran him over to Keilor. David Itas very interested and loaded himself rvith many samples. trIe found the newer Bas. boulders quite at the base of the díatom deposit, so it certainly is post nehrer basalt. The only rvay out is to suPPose that the diatoms have inured themselves to an inland saline con- dÍtion as you suppose. I quite see the points you raise' as to insuff ícient vertical erosion. There was no tíme to let you know, and I am sorry Miss Crespin \¡ras ar{ay. David has gone to Tasmanía researchingr into Darwin Glass. l{hen he pays hís next visit ít wtll be a hurried one, so it was better to Èake him alone when we had the chance. I looked up the Notlce of Rev. M. Morrísr books in the "Argus." Yes, he is the same man. Ought to be interesting reading. Davld was telling me about the Cretaceous Glacials l-n S' Australia. Qulte a local patch. One block had Isocrinus in 1t. As this is my 7th letÈer today I w111 now close, l.tith kínd regards & many thanks.

An afterthought. The Vert.ical erosion through an upllft from Pleistocene tímes would be oblíterated by laCeral erosion taking place through subsequent dannning back - and general lessening of stream povrer.

No. 32 From F. Chapman. June 19, L925

My dear Jutson' Thanks for note & parcel. Your find ís very interesting. I searched for diatom, but of course they were noÈ likely to be associated with these shell deposlts. t7

All the g enera noticed are fresh\^Iater or brackish Ancylus (very interesting). Planorbis, and Bettunillus - fresh. Cox- iella, brackish. I'Ie sha1l be very glad if you and Mrs. Jutson can come over on Sunday next. On Saty. I am speaking at 3L0. So have to get away early. With kindest regards,

[Pascoe Vale Moonee Ponds ck. N. of road bridge recenÈ alluvium shellsin. (JTJ)] [se" ]fawson & Chapman on Moorlands area in Sth Ausr. (JrJ) l

No. 33 From F. Chapman. Nov. 9, 1925

My dear JuÈson, JusÈ a line to say that I received your parcel. It was annotated \,ùith date received in office, so later, it may be as well to write in officially re a report on the material if you so desire. R. J. Allan of N. z. a r51 exhibitioner comes to see me thÍs morning, re a loan of your ìI. Z. paLaeozoic fossils. Have just had time, however, to glance over your Ínteresting specímens The larger gasteropod are coxíella (presumably brackish). The smaller, Byttelus (fresh water). No. 5 contaíns Byttunella, fresh water diatoms & numerous ostracods. Have looked for Èhe Keilor ("measly") diatour of Skeats but none appear. Hope you wiI1, however, come over and work up these samples & I would be glad to help in every !üay. lJent to Morwell, Yallourn & Narracan last Friday, with Baragwanath in Cudmorers car. Ret. by train. Looked for leaves & found the¡r in both places. I wanted data re Narracan occurrences for my next Thursdayrs paper at Royal. ([?] for 19 years ! )

[ansd g/TL/25 re Pascoe Vale Moonee Pds ck shellbeds. (JTJ)]

No. 34 From F. Chapman, March 8, L929 CommonwealÈh Pala eontolo g ist . My dear Jutson, Thanks for letter, and very kind remarks re Guide etc; Aro glad to hear about the new I^I . A. Physiography and also Swan Island. The 1aÈter wtl1 work into data of the upper Sor- rento Bore. Sorry to hear you are too busy to pay us a visit yet' but glad to know you are enjoying some interestílg work. I have noÈ been to Kinglake, but understand that Èhey are to be found both easÈ & west of the Township. A fine' nerv Sp. of FavosiÈes lras presented to the Museum from there recently. . My 1íttle essaybook, in which one of your photos figures' - 18

publlshed by Dent will be out in April - end of month. Ilave jusÈ cabled for a proof ! Kindest regards to you & Mrs. Jutson from wife & self, IF. C. re Kinglake silurian fossils. (JTJ)l

No. 35 From F. Chapman. Balwyn, VictorÍa. March 4, L934 My dear Jutson, Re your letter, no apologies are needed, for I had not the least notion when SingleÈon rang me up who the distinguished person r¡ras, to lunch wiÈh hin. As a matter of fact I had to do a lot of posting and then come on. It was guite a toss up that I came into Grtfffths for we had arranged to meet at Craigrs. Neither my wife or I had Èhe least suspícion that you were there, nor had I any notion thaÈ she was going to turn up, so between it all ít was a comedy of errors and I lost the chance of meeting one of my besÈ friends. Had I been gifted wíth second sight I would of course not have missed you. The alga is mosÈ ínteresting. I have had it under the microscope and íË seens to be, accordíng to the Mlcro Dictionary to be Conferva araea, a well-known marine form in shallow places that coaËs the ground and stones with masses of unbranched fila- ments. Thanks for the stght of it. ltrith all good wíshes, hurrying to catch the post, [ansd. L2/3/34 (JrJ)]

No. 36 From F. Chapman. Melbourne, Victoria. National Museum. May 11, L934 My dear Jutson, Apologies for not acknowledging your l-nteresting photograph of the Samphire counÈry wíth algae near Bream Creek. I have not found out anything further about the alge, which appears to be a conferva, as it does not show Èhe ordínary characters of a blue-green alga. However, I am sending Èhe samples to Dr. Mclennan at the University, who no doubt w111 easily recognise it. The paper by Miss Crespin and myself on the Plantagenet tr'ossils wíll shortly be published by the Royal SocÍety of hI. A. for we have only Just now finalised the matter afxer some delay. I,Iith kindesÈ regards, IAckd. L8/s/34. (JrJ)l L9

No. 37 From F. Chapman. Balwyn, Victoria. May 18, L934 My dear Jutson' I do not know whether Dr. Mclennan óf the BoÈany School has r,¡rítten you wiÈh regard to Èhe name of thaÈ alga. I sent the specimens & your letter to her last week and replies that it belongs Èo CladóÞhoraas I suspected. She found I'a simÍlar if not identical form at Mallacoota growing in the brackish streams.tt I,líth very kind regards Èo yourself and Mrs. Jutson, from Mrs. Chapman & self.

[Ansd. t8/s/34. (JrJ) ]

No. 38 Irom F. Chapman July 5th, 1934

My dear Jutson, I was glad to hear that you are engaged on your final proofs of the ner¿ edition of your W. A. Physiography. Yes, I agree wíth you that the clause in my note ls better stat.ed as you suggest - "Proof of relationship should be basedrr etc. AnoÈher l-nstance came under my notice a few years ago, of Coxiella occurri ng some hundrerls of miles inland ín Queens'land. The absence of marine transgression in Central AustralÍa s].nce Cret.aceous tímes seens to be borne out by the presence of fresh- hTater deposÍts only in that reglonr as in Ëhe Planorbis silici- fied lirnesËones on the Èops of mountalns Èhat have been carved out of the duricrust. It would be interesÈíng to comPare the radulas of Truncatel- la, the shore-line gasÈeropod with the relaËed Coxíella radula. But this rel-aÈíonshíp tf any, might also point to the marlne TruncaÈe1la hav ing been derived from the ínland brackish hlater Coxiella. Of course, in Èhe far distanÈ past, all fresh and brackísh !'rater forms were derived from a maríne fauna. I{íth ktnd regards, lAckd. L8/7134. (JrJ)l

No. 39 From F. Chapman. Melbourne, Victoría. April 18, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, Referríng Èo your note of Èhe 8th inst. I shall be glad to select a series of the species ldentified from the Port Arllngton materíal, and wi1-l put them together on my return from a short holiday to Dromana. With kind regards, 20

No. 40 Frorn F. Chapman April 8, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, Owing to pressure of work f am sorry I have not been able to reply before to your request for a report on the Port Arlíngton rnaterial . All of the species ídentified are living around Èhe Victor- ian beaches at present. I therefore conclude that the deposit is of Holocene age, and may be referred either to a storm beach or a raísed beach of slight elevation. Most probably Èhe latter. Ap- pended is a list (not exhaustive) of the shells in the sample. Do you wish me to return the materlal? i,Iith kind regards, hoping you are well, [f,ist appended to letrer No. 40] Fossils from elevated beach 12 feet above sea level resting on Kalimnan, Port Arlíngton, Victorfa (co.llected J' T' JuÈson Esq') pELECypoDA - Arca (Barbatia) fascÍata Reeve Mytilus Þlanulatus Lpm. Brachyodontes rosÈratus (nunker) Chlamys bifrons (La¡o. ) Clausínel1a sP. Pseudarcopagia victoriae Gat. & Gabr. POLYPLACOPHORA - Ischnochiton sP. GASTEROPODA - cf. Cantharidus sp. Polinices conicus (Lam. ) Diala lauta Adans Bittiun granarium (tciener) Nassarl-us víctorianus Iredale Conus anemone Lam. Also abundant echínoid spines, fanlly - Strongylocentrotidae.

No. 4L From F. Chapman. July 1, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, Herewfth Ís a revised and further list of the shells ídent- ified frorn your materfal obtained from an elevated beach at Port Ar1íngton. I am leaving a parcel for you at the Swanston St. EnErance to the Library contaíníng the forms dupllcated in the collectlon; these are indicated on Èhe l-fst by a cross. I cannot trace the fragmen t of Clausinella so have omitted íË from the ll-st. Cantharidus is referred Èo Cantharidella. The chlton valve on closer comparíson with livtng Víctorian specíes 2I should be placed in the genus Lorica. These species represenË a facies co mon Ëo rocky beaches on the Víctorian Coast. I^llth kind regards,

Complete and revised ll-st of mollusca fron elevated beach, 12 feet above sea-level, Port Arlington' ïíctoria PELECYPODA - X Arca (Barbatia) fasciata Reeve x Mytilus planulatus Lâm. X Brachyodontes rostratus (Dunker) x Chlamys bifrons (Larn. ) ? Diplodonta sP. X Cardl-um rackettii Don. Eumarcia nitida (a. & G.) X Pseudarcopagia victoriae Gatt. & Gabr. GASTEROPODA - Patelloida conoidea (Q. & G.) Monodonta ? consÈrícta Lam. Cantharidella cf. tiberiana (Crosse) X Polinlces conícus (La¡n. ) X Bittiun ranarium (t<íener) x Diala lauta Adams Pyrazus diemenensís (a. & G.) X Nassarius victorianus (Iredale) NeoÈhais succincta (Martyn) Conus anemone Lam. Bullaria botanica Hedley See deÈermínatíons of Kalunnan (Lower Plíocene) fossils by Mlss Crespin (for A. Coulsonts paper on Lake Connewarre, from a calcareous þrit at Fred Hooperrs Polnt, Lake Connewarre. Chlarnys antíaustralis I stweÈeanía] Leiopyrga guadricíngulata Nucula obliqua Ostrea sp.

No. 42 From F. Chapman Nov. 11, 1936

My dear Jutson, I have gone through your list, as given by Tate in Mulder (Proc. R. Soc. Víc. vol. XIV. pt. II), and herewith annotate your list enclosed. They seem all to belong to livíng specíes. The Nâssarius lyrella, so far as I remember, ís an East Indian specíes. Mytllus magellanicus (probably a Brachidontes) has evaded me up to the 22

present, although the name is farniliar; it sounds S. American. I daresay you have checked your ll-st with Dennant and Klt- son, in Rec. Geol. Surv. Víct. 1903, under the column, Moorabool Viaduct. Of course Mr. Slngleton could give you further information, for he is writing a thesis on the Werrikooian. The names of the 4 shells (Living) are. 1 - Bembicium nanum (La¡n. ) 2 - Melarhaphe unifascJ.ata (Grav) 3 - Catelysia strigosa (Larn. ) 4 .- Mytilus planulatus Lam. I,{ith all good wishes, and success wl-th your paper,

No. 43 From F. Chapman. Dec. 4, L936 My dear Jutson, LeÈ me congratulate you on a good píece of work, which wil-l help future geologists to clarífy their ideas about the meaning and sequences of the Pleístocene. The nomenclature of the mollusca in Victoría and everwhere else has undergone such cataelystlc changes of late that it is no easy task to revise old lists. Even the present day conchologísts are not in agreement, and it l-s a case of steering between Scylla and Charybdís. As a matter of fact I have spent Èhe besÈ part of a day on this revision and am then noÈ satisfled because Mulderts shells are not with me on the table. Hence you will understand why I have been so long in returning your MS. whích I trust has not delayed you unduly. I have put the parentheËícal rnarks out of action where Èhe author used Èhe correct genus; and please, no connas between the trivíal name and the author. I{Íth klnd regards, and best wishes, lRider B. p. 8 (JrJ)l The following are the fossils recorded by Mulder wlth the nomenclature, (not determinaÈíons) brought up to date, for which we are indebted to Mr. Chapman: Neothais succincta (Mar tyn) Verconella tasmaniensis (Adaros and Angas) Nassarius lyrella (Beck) Nassarius víctorianus (Iredale) Pyrazus diemenensis (Quoy and Gaínard) Turritella clathrata (rlener) Poliníces autacoglossa P. and V. Bembicium melanostoma (Gnelín) var. Þlana (Q. & G.) OsÈrea vlrescêns Angas Chlamys antíausÈralis (Iate ) Mytilus planulatus Lam. Bass l-na paucílamellata (Dunker) 23

Pholas australasiae Sow. Teredo or Nausitoria S p. Laur. )

and Mytilus magellanicus Lam. and also points out that Corbula scaphoides liinds íf typical belongs to genus Aloides but specimens require revision. He has also referred us Èo È he record by DennanÈ & Kitson (f90¡, p. 142) frorn the same locality of Cancellaria gra!- osa (Sow. ). He concludes Èhat all the forms s-eru to belong to living species. lRider A. p. 6 (JTJ)l PELECYPODA Arca Barbatia fasciata Reeve Mytílus planulatus Lam. Brachyodontes rostratus (Dunker) Chlamys bífrons (Lan.) ? Diplodonta sP. Cardium rackettii Don. Eumarcía nítida (a. e G.) Pseudarcopasia victoriae Gatl. & Gabr. GASTEROPODA Patelloida conoidea a.&G. Monodonta ? constrícta Lam. Cantharidella cf. tiberiana (crosse) Políníces conicus (r.am. ) Bittium granariuut (xiener) Díala lauta Adams Pyrazus díemenensis (a. & c.) Nassarius vicÈorianus (Iredale) Neothais succincÈa (Martyn) Conus anemone Lam. Bullaria botanica Hedl ey

No. 44 From tr'. Chapman Dec. 11, 1936

My dear Jutson, In my rernarks on your PaPer, glven so clearly and audibly the other eveníng, I may have seemed to be hypercritical, after what I wrote you in Èhe letÈer. I{hat I ¡r¡anted to stress, however, in my remarks , was the fact that, apart from your detailed sections, it would be difficult to correlaËe them with distanÈ pleisËoeene exposures, and especially to linít other occurrences when the beds were of any grà"t thickness, as in the SorrenÈo Bore, where I have placed the samples, from IL2-489 feeË in the Pleistocene. I do not know what Singleton has done in regard to the 24

Moorabool viaduct, but I was under the impresslon that he still keeps it in the l,trerrikooian. It really v¡ants working out in more detail, for to me it seems only Pleistocene' I hope you will do some work on the toP deposits in the Brighton-n1acl Rock area, where I think you might get some good results. By the way I \^7as noË chosen to referee the paper' l^llth kind regards, P.S. I apologíse for not seeing you after the meeting, as I had to hurry ar^ray.

[Recd . 14/12/36. SorrÈo bore. see Rec. Geol. Survey Vic.,-vol. III, Pt. 4, pp. 4OO, 401,407,409 ? Iurther details (JTJ)]

No. 45 From F. ChaPman Jan. 4, 1937

My dear Jutson' Many thanks for your letter of the 21st December last, and for your kind wishes for the New Year. I am sorry that my letter of the l1th of December gave you the erroneous impression that I had any objections to the Èermin- ology or division of the Pleístocene as given ín your joint PaPer. q,roãing from my letÈer of that date I ventured to say-_that' "1t would be diffícult, to correlate them" (the sectíons) "with distant pleisÈocene exposuresrtt etc. On the other hand, I had ns,1'objections" to the divisions' and stlll think that your paPer is an advance on our knowledge of the subjecÈ, although there is stíll the difficulty I presumed to point out. I hope Èhat any notes of rny remarks whích coulson may have taken at the meeting, \^lere not. such as to convey to you something whích I had not intended, and I still maintaín, as I said ín my letter to you, of Decr. 4th. that this is "a good piece of work, which wtll help future geologists to clarify their ideas about the rneaning and sequences of the Pleístocene." Perhaps hre can meet. at soDe no distant time to discuss any points of objection, whlch to my mlnd do not exist' I.Iith very kind regards to yourself and Mrs. Jutson, frou us all,

No. 46 From F. Chapman. Matct. 24, 1937

My dear Jutson, Thank you for the privilege of re-reading your PaPer on the Portarlíngton Beds, and the subdivisions of the Pleístocene of the PorÈ Phillíp Bay Distrl-ct. I have been delayed by many pressing 25 things and much correspondence, for whích I slncerely apologise. I have uade one or trrro comments in pencll- on the margin, which note or other\,üise as You Èhink f it. I agree wiÈh you and coulson in the main, but cannot quite accepË your relatlve positíons of the dune rock' Hâving reference to your remarks (foot of P' 9) on the ttcloser relationship between the Portarlington beds and those of the Sorrento Bore bàtween 490 and 520 feet, which consist of an ochreous sandy clay and consolidated microzoic sandstone"' this can hardly be clinched until a detailed study of the microzoa in question is rnade. This afternoon I went to the Museum, for the express purpose of obtainíng a samp|e of 520 feet for examination' A prelÍminary examination tonight shows it noÈ Ëo resemble a typícal aeolian dune rock, but a moderately shallow marine foram- iniferal sedimenÈ. I will examine it in more detaíl and discuss the results wiÈh you laÈer on. l{e might also examlne your Port- arlington ochreous clays and make a comparison, with advantage. On p. 12. The old indurated dune limestone, with fossíI skeletons of extinct marsupials, as exposed on the Rye 3each, are certainly older than the ne\¡Ier basalt flows of Mlddle Pleistocene, in whicht as to the latter I agree. Barwon Heads BasalÈ may link up with the older flows of that N. B. series' as seen at Clifton Sprlngs' p. 13. AlÈona Bay shell beds are certainly equivalent Èo Holo- cene II. p. L4. Lower portions of the Dune Limestone - transfer from hor. 3 to hor. 1. No. 4 (Holocene) deposits being laid down at present time, or his- toric períod. Congratulations on PaPer, with these minor exceptions'

Am leaving in early morning for Dromana Inlest for a week. hlíll posË before I leave. I{íth Kind regards to yourself & Coulson.

No. 47 From E. deC Clarke, Perth, !'lestern Australl-a. University of llestern August lO, L929 Australía. Dear JuÈsont very many thanks for the offprlnts of your Paper on grooved, pitted, etc. rocks from Goongarríe. The paper is of very greaË of the students inÈerest to me and wtll be devoured by several ttseen" equal interest. I have rrrr.""y feelfng that I have with "rr sinilar phenomena in other Parts of the lnterior, but have noÈ trobservedt' them. lJe are all looklng forward to the aPpearance of a second edítion of yourttPhysiography.rr It is very badly needed but I expect that you have noÈ been blessing the lmporÈunate people who àsked for it. I musË confess to being the chief sinner, for I think it was the Unlversity, egged on by me, whlch finally succeeded 1n persuading the Government to bring out another editÍon. Sti1l although you have no doubt been spending rnany vleary 26 hours on the revision, you would, I think, be gratlfied to know the exÈent to which our feq well-worn copies of the ol-d ediÈion' are in demand. [Ackd. 28/8/29 (JrJ)]

No. 48 From E. deC Clarke. July 28, 1930

Dear Jutson, During the Q. trip there were many things left undone whích I oughÈ to have done but none of which I was more regretful than my omission to look you up. My wife & I ¡'rere staying r¡ith friends for the 3 days or so rre r'tere in Melbourne & they were so kind & hospitable Èhat we found it very diffícult - in fact inpossible to go off on our own. St1llwell very klndly offered Èo run me round a little of the close-up geology of Melb. & I had to decline. Also I did not call on Èhe Geological Survey people. However more than these I regret havlng faíled to see you. I have a student or two working on the physiography of the scarp & of the coastal plaln & would have liked to bring uP to you some of the little things which may or may not be new that they have noticed. I have asked them to pay special attention to the facts regarding the coastal lakes & they have brought to light a few fresh things. Then again I wanÈed to discuss Douglas Johnsonta queries regarding the veríty of the Darling 'Fault. The whole trlp to Q. was too hurried - every-ruhere I seemed to leave nothing but loose ends. Ho¡¿ever I trusÈ we shall have another opportunlty of meeting before long & that there wontt be the distractíon of purely social demands.

No. 49 From E. deC Clarke. Nov. 25, 1930 Dear Jutson, Many thanks for your interesÈing letÈer to whlch I shall endeavour to reply - though I fear ny reply will be rather rarnbling. You speak of the Brisbane meeting as not having been a great. success. I was well satisfied - more Particularly with the ex- cursíons - but then t expect I¡Ie Poor starved Westralians are easily satísfied. I certainly agree that they tried to get Èoo rnuch into the È1me - stíll itrs beÈter Èo ¡.rear out than Èo rust out. I hope to see our student q¡ho has been doing some work on the Coastal Plain & see if he has anything fit Èo send you. I should have much ltked to have seen your beach rldges. Influenced, I suppose, by Johnson I think I have seen in many places that. progradation has been nísf-nËerpreted elevatfon. Please 27 donrt forget to send me a separate of your paper on Port Phtllip Bay. Now to reply in a discursíve hrây to your nain question:- As the close of his vísit drew near Professor Johnson asked ¡ne if there was anything he could do in return for what he was pleased to call my hospitality and added that he had a number of good slides. I sal-d that much as \¡/e should like to see then I thought it would be eyen more helpful to us if he would talk to us about the problems of the Swan Coastal Plaln as they appealed to hin. This he did and gave a most effective lecture. He made it very clear that he r¿as in no r^ray settíng hinself as a judge over us. He had only been here 3 days and although he had kept moving he had only been able to see the coastal plaín in a fer^r places. l,lhat he did set out to do was to show how he thought an investí- gator, faced with the fact of the Darlíng Scarp, should set about trying to explain it. The first step would be such a general look round as he had just had, the second would be to siÈ down and think up as many explanations as possíble and follow each with deductions as to what features one ¡¿ould expect to find in the field if that particular explanatíon were the correcË one. He explained how much time was saved by formulating a number of distinct hypotheses because you went out knowing what to look for, moreover, since you had more or less thought out all the theories, you did not feel prejudíced in favour of one and so attacked the problem with an open mind. He suggested the followíng possible explanations of the Darling Scarp: 1. A sea cliff. 2. A recent fault. 3. A fault line scarp. 4. A warped plaln of marine deposlÈion covering an o1d peneplaln. He showed that (1) is unÈenable & seemed inclíned to regard the topography of the scarp as too mild (e.g. absence of tríangu- lar facets) to be a recent faulÈ. He seemed inclined to favour rather Èhe view that l-t might be (3) a resurrected fault, or (4) what my studentsr noÈes call a resurrected peneplaín, but, which from my memory seems better described as a plain of marine depositl-on covering an old peneplaín & subsequently warped. The accompanyíng sketches illustratlng 3 & 4 may make lt a bit clearer. lp. 75 of MSS. (JTJ)l tr{hat I do want to emphasise is that Johnson was very modest and guarded in his remarks & though I thlnk your notes beginntng: "Douglas Johnson suggested Èhat the highly lnclined plane whlch has hitherto been regardedrr present his ideas faírly enough, might it not be better to say that 'rhe has suggested as alternative workíng hypotheses that the scarp may be a fault line scarp or the exposed foundation of a monoclinal foldíng whlch took pl-ace v¡hen the ancient peneplain buried under late sediments was raised.t' (Of course, thatrs very clumsily worded.) (NOTE: Is it right to apply the words "highly ínclined" Èo the pfrtt. of the Darlíng Scarp? I{hen seen in silhouette it is really not very steep.) I think you wi-ll see that according to me & rny students I lnterpre- 28 tation of Johnsonts lecture, your words: ttthat on both sídes of the fold the later Jurassic & other sedimentary rocks were lald dovm on the crystalline rocks" hardly rePresent rightly his mono- clínal fold theory. I think he meant that the fold came after the Jurassics etc., had been laíd down. I thought your remarks on Feldtmann & GlauerE - or rather' they are mainly Chapmants - very interesting, but I had not tirne to consider that part carefullY' Returning for a moment to the Darling Scarp:- (1) Have you noted Ëhe presence of rennants of river terraces in Helena Va11ey as described by l{ill1ams & self. I feel pretty confident that there is a shelf at about the 500 ft. level along the front of the scarp also. (2) We have lately discovered fosslls whích seem to be pretÈy certainly Jurassic or L. Cretaceous on the edge of the scarp at Bullsbrook. This seems to me, at first sight an)May' rather to favour Èhe warped monocline - I^te would hardly expect to find a veneer of mesozoics on the face of the scarp - but I hasten to add that we haven't proved yet that it is only a "mere veneer.rl (3) Johnson was impressed wíth the banded character of the Swan Coastal Plain sediments - Guildford C1ay, Sands, Coastal Limestone - as indicated on H. P. I,{oodwardrs map of Coastal Plain published in that A3S article on the "nelghbourhood of Perth" of whích I sent you a óopy. Johnson said that the banding reminded hirn of that on Ëhe Atlantic coastal plain - only that Èhere 1t is on a much larger scale & the contrast is not nearly so marked. I enclose sheets 2 & 3 of synopsis for orie of the Geology I excursions on which I try to explain how I thought the banded characÈer of the coastal plain might have origínated.

lAckd . 4/12/30 (JrJ) l

(r) (2) 3 Fault Llne Scarp rTT TerË. l-T Theory cc-e Cret. l-T ccc c'C /\ ./\ ,/\ /\ ^.\/\A'/\ Pre Carnb. (3) Levelling & anníhilation of scarp by PenePlanatíon Sea ccc (4) Fault Line Scarp /\A A.A AA 29

(1) (2) monoclinal fold wh ln C 4 Resurrected (?) TTT T places may T C Peneplain ccc c become a /\ /\ /\ C fault /\/\

(3) Peneplanatíon renrrants of sediments -/ in basins ? Coll1e T 7' c /\A^/\ basin c- c ^A,r.A^'

(4) Development of scarp at X in 3 by differentlal erosion

Map of lower part of Swan River Showlng evídences of recent elevatíon - by J. L. Somerville. Edge of sand banks Raised spits

lin=2mi 2 PERTH

z f¡l I oc) t Crowley Cot tes loe il South Perth Pepp Cove / Swan ermint (-, ¡ Rlver , ,- -- Canning River

4 Miním Cove H ( Ê Hz

Probable former outlet of Swan , River 0 FREMÄNTLE 30

FROM THE HIGHER GROUND NEAR MON REPOS. IheTe is a good víew of the coastal plain backed by the Darlíng Scarp. In the CoasÈal Plain the following elements are easily dístingulshable: (a) Littoral belr of sand hl-lls and beach. (b) Coastal nilly Belt - near the eastern margin of whÍch we stand. (c) Sand Belt. (d) Clay Belt abuttlng against Èhe DarlÍng Scarp. Notice also the sudden change in the characÈer of the Swan at Blackwall Reach. Above this the ríver orpands lnto broad shallow ttr^raters.tt From Blackwall Reach Èo Fremantle the river is narrow, wl-nding and bordered by cliffs. NEIGHBOURHOOD OI' ìfI. LYELL IIIORKS (A). At Minim Cove is seen horizontal bed of fossl-liferous sandstone which can be followed along the river bank for 1/4 nile or more. Shell beds are found in many oÈher places along the lower portion of the ríver, and similar fossils have also been found in ¡¿eIls and tunnels in this western portion of the Swan Coastal Plain. IdenËical shell fish still líve in the Australian seas - the great rnajoríty in the sea close by, buÈ very few are known to occur ín Èhe Swan River. These shell beds have, therefore, been laid down when Èhis part. of the Sv¡an Coastal Plain \^las open sea. i. e. when the mouth of the Swan River hras much farther east than it is now, and when the sea was higher or the land lower than now. The following diagrams l-llustrat.e the possible sequence of evenÈs v¡hich led to present day conditíons:- 1. CONDITIONS IN THE CYCLE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING THE PRESEM.

I{est East D A B Darllng Sand Bars Peneplain

O1d crystalline rocks Sea Guildford Clays F

AB. Shallow lagoon extending for miles along the coasÈ nearly filled wíth deposits of sand etc., contaíníng remains of the abundant híl1 físh. Ishell- (JTJ)I BC. Low lying plain formed of material washed down from Darling Scarp and extendíng below the lagoon. DCI'. Darllng Fault 31

2. PRESENT DAY CONDITIONS.

Darling Bed of Swan R PeneplaJ-n ¿ Sea Old crystalline Guildford Cla rocks

The land has rlsen (or the sea sunk) a few feet (10 to 30). The level surface of the lagoon deposits has been trenched by the Swan Rl-ver and its tributarl-es and has been covered 1n parÈ by sand hills formed from, and blorsn fn from, the present sea beaches by the vresterly winds. In places these sandhl-lls have been cemented by carbonate of lime to form coasËaI limestone in ¡^¡hich caves have been formed (e.g. Yanchep, Yallingup). (B) In the Harbour Board Quarries are exPosed calcareous sandstones simllar in character to those seen along Mounts Bay Road. In some places these beds are dípplng at fairly steeP angles, in others they are almos¡ horizontal. A demonstration of the method of measuring strike and díp will be given. (Otp is the amounÈ of inclínation of beds measured in degrees from the horízontal. Strike ls dl-rectíon of the lntersection of lncll-ned beds wl-th a horízontal plane) . However, although these quarries provide a very passable imítation of what geologists mean by inclined beds they are not true examples. Ordl-nar1ly beds which are inclined, 1.e. which are dl-pplng, are those whlch have been laid down practlcally horizontally over fairly wlde areas and after theÍr deposition have been.... [Map of lower parÈ of Swan Rlver and the followlng notes selected from synopsls for Geology I excurslon. ]

No. 50 From E. deC Clarke. June 22, 1931 Dear Jutson, I have to acknowledge, with many thanks, receipt of your paper on "Erosion and Sedimentatíon in Port Ph1llip Bay, Victoria, and their bearing on the theory of a Recent Relative Uplift of the Sea Floorr" whlch you so ktndly sent me. As I have not heard any more from you regardíng rny last letter dealing wtth physiographic problems, I have been wondering wheËher it l-ncluded the sort of information you required.

No. 51 From E. deC Clarke. Sept. 16, 1931

My dear Jutson, I am very sorry that the ans\^7er to your letter of July 7th 32

has been so long delayed. As a matter of fact I did not thínk you v/ere ín any hurry (geologically speaking) and as odds & ends of observaÈions came along to us I kept putting off the day of writing untí1 something more definite could be submitted. Our maÍn work this year has been on an interesting area of Pre-Cambrians near Toodyay the physíography of which does not particularly concern the Darling Scarp - hence Èhe very unco- ordinated nature of the information I have to give you. I shall just take your letter item by iÈem and do my best to anshTer. There will probably be a lot of "I" in ít, but Please understand that all that is of value comes frorn the observations of oÈhers which they have kindly communicated to me. Iten 1. Sorry I missed the reference in your MS. p. 78 to the Helena terraces. I have done nothing to investigate the alleged shelf along the front of the Darling Scarp. I only have 2 or 3 barometric readings to one point (on the PerÈh-Kalamunds Road) where ít is well marked. I have not recognised it elsewhere except in dístant views ¡¿htch may be delusions. If it does really extend along the front for some dlstance I v¡ould suggesÈ that iÈ was due to marine abrasion but as you say no evidence of this has been noted. If, however, this is established I think Èhe height above sea 1evel of the shelf & of the 450 ft. terrace of the Helena would have to be redetermíned. Knowledge of the Ridge HílI Shelf is where it was in I'rtool- noughts day. So far as I have observed, it ís laterite covered. There are similar occurrences of laterite at somewhat símilar 1eve1s elsewherer e.B. near Armadale, but nothing has been done to determine their levels more accurately. Regarding this see also later notes on the Scarp north of Mídland where it will appear that similar lateriÈe deposits are the laterised super- facies of a sedimentary formation. May be Rídge Hilt & Armadale 1or¿ level laterít.es will fall ín wíth these. I do not think the shelf along the scarp (if the shelf exists) can be explained by differential erosion and it seems to me to be too sharp on the Kalamunda Road to be a ro11 in the monoclinal fotd rnodified by erosíon. Iteur 2. I^Iork on the Jurassic (?) rocks aË Bullsbrook has not gone far, buÈ does, I think, show thaÈ at Bullsbrook (of whích I enclose a rough skeÈch map of the present state of our work there made for a Royal Society excurslon a few nonths ago) there is regular bedding very close to horizonÈality. The bedding is too regular to favour the slip theory which, however, is new to us & must be borne in mínd. RegardÍng your last trnro paragraphs on p. 2 which discuss Ëhe signifl-cance of the absence of the scarP north of Geraldton I appreciate their weight but suggest that eroslon has not advanced so far ín the latitude of GeraldÈon because of the much s¡naller ralnfal1. Item 3. (1) Is the CoasÈal Plain Section of the Sr¡an drowned at all? tr{ould not the river by vírtue of íts winter floods maintain iÈs identity across the gradually growing coastal 33 plaín of marine & fluvíatile deposits? (2) As the contents of your leÈËer slowly (very slowlyl) revolved in my brain I began to work at our coastal de- posíts wiÈh new eyes and finally having by now forgotÈen the be- getter of the idea, I made, about a week ago, the original (:) suggestion that the current-bedded sandstones forming the lower part (perhaps 50 ft.) of the cliffs round Mounts Bay Road on the side of Kingrs Park are an older subaqueous series overlaín by the dune sands of a later physiographic cyc1e. I made this suggestion to Mr. S. E. Terrill who has made a close study of the samples from the bore recently sunk close to Èhe Swan Brewery. I found that TerríI1 had arrived at the same conclusion tentaÈively and independently. Nothing corresponding to the separating tra- vertine of the Victorian coast has been distinguished. (3) I think that the present features of the Swan Coastal Plain and the shallo¡¿ sea that extends to RottnesÈ may be due to the following sequence (a) a long period of off-shore deposit giving over 1000 ft. of calcareous' argíllaceous & sandy sediments - as sho¡^m by log of Swan Brevrery Bore.¡k At thís stage a shallow sea or lagoon extended from beyond Rottnest Èo the foot of the Scarp. (b) Elevatíon of the order of 50 fÈ.** As Èhis elevation \^rent on the Swan - Helena cut a wínding channel to the rìeï/ sea shore. This channel shifted southr^rard - there is evidence, collected by Pirrett, Serventy & Owen, of two former courses north of the present one. There \^/as extensive lateral corraslon by the rivers - Mt. EIíza & Henry being resíduals. (c) Marine erosion has cut back from Rottnest frontage Èo the existing coast line.

* Terrillrs observation on Swan Brewery bore indicaÈe abrupt changes in condítions of sedimentation at abL 7 0 ft. below Present sea level & at 770 ft. below present sea level. Upper change ís indicated by conglomerate wíth pebbles glazed - slmilax gLazlng under wash of \^raves I have not.ed on south coast going on norr - by wave actlon (?). 770 flt. change indicated by change from calcereous [ ? ]sediment to sandy (below). Corresponding changes appear to have been encountered in other bores judglng from logs. He consíders honever that the whole seríes is marine & r¿i1l I hope later elaborate on t,he whole matter. (they are no.tr sinklng another bore aÈ Swan Brewery. ) ** which gave new land surface extend as far v/est as Rottnest. (4) I do not think at present that there ls any evidence of the upward roovement havíng been in the slightest off- set by any dor^rnward movement. I think that the features of the Swanrs coastal plain course could have been reached quíte normally without any subsidence. I belleve the shallow Gage Roads area ls a stlll submerged plaín of marine erosion. I agree that Somer- víllets raised spíts were formed when sea level lras as novr - D. I,l. Johnson was clear on this. In view of my present 6tate of belief ít. seems unnecessary 34

for me to discuss your (a), (b), (c), (d) at bottom of p. 3. It is quite possible, of course, that you w111 convínce me of the necessity of belief in a drowníng of the Swan Ríver Coastal Plain Section and then I will have to discuss (a), (b) (c), (d). Item 6. Answered already. ' Item 7. Very interesting but does not require further com- menÈ from ue. Some Features of the scarp & its neÍghbourhood rnainly north of Midland (1) Lower level fragméntáls. I.Iells, Terri11, PirretÈ & others have found conglomerates well bedded in fairly extensive sheets and of well rounded material 1n many places (Gosnells, Armadale, debouchures of Susannah Brook & Swan River) at about the leve1 of the plain. I^Iithin the last few days Terrill has observed at a height of 300 ft. bedded sands & pebbly clays liníng the valley of a small stream below Gooseberry Hill & just north of Perth Kalamunda Road. The stream is carved ín the granite. (2) Higher level fragnentals. On a rid ge separated frorn the main by a northward bend of Jane Brook at a height of abouË 300 ft. numbers of rounded boulders have been found lately by I,trells & Terrill. In the lower parÈ of the Scarp tract of the Swan (Swan Area comparable to Darlington Area ln extent.; I hope that description (mainly petography) by Fletcher & Hobson will soon be publlshed) at heíghts of 300 ft. t 800 ft. fairly extenslve deposits of what I believe to be laterised umnetâmorphosed sedi¡ents have been mapped. (3) North of Bullsbrook find the Scarp. The accompanying sketch map & secËion - made for you by Mr. R. I,{. Fletcher from infornatlon supplíed by Mr. J. E. !trells - is only generally accuraÈe, heights especíally require much workl-ng out. They seem to show that on an eroded surface of old metamorphics has been laid a considerable exÈent of conglomerate & fíner sedlments. The finer sediments aÈ Iùandena are exactly similar lithologlcally to the Bullsbrook sediments but plant remains have not yeÈ been found. I belteve thls is sirnply an extension of the Bullsbrook Series which we tentatfvely class as Jurassic. The easÈern boundary of this series has yet to be found but it must lie west of the Swan (Avon) Valley in this latitude. There seems to be here a close parallel to the Jurassíc - Pre Cambrian relatlon just east of Geraldton hthere a relatívely thin skin of Jurassics (only 100 ft. or so at Ner^Tmarraearra) lles on the gneiss. I wonder whether this will be of any use to you. You wll1 see at leasÈ ÈhaÈ r^rork is going on here and we have accumulated a few facts. How about taking a run over here to see these new Èhings for yourself & discover lots more? If you could tlme your visit for the off season academlcally I should enjoy running you abouÈ. I wish I could offer to put you up but our accommodation ís sorely overÈaxed already. 0f course, lt is quite possible that ere many monËhs are past I shal1 have joined the ranks of the un- employed. But l-n these days especl-ally ítrs no use worrying. 35

Mr. Terrill has klndly allowed me to enclose some not.es on the orlgin of the Swan Coastal P1aín independently prepared, which I am sure you will find more íntelI1gible than rny ramblings. He would like to have Èhem back when you have finished wíth thæ. I am tryíng, with others, to concoct. a cheap schoolbook ín Geology & Physiography Èo Junior Public E'xamination Standard. The going is slow & heavy though one does not have to worry with such maÈters as the origín of the Darllng Scarp. Best wishes. Please keep everything except Terrillrs typescript. lAckd. 2sl9l3I (JrJ)l

No. 52 From E. deC Clarke. Nov. 5, 1931 Dear Jutson, I think the enclosed three prints forming a panorama ruay ínterest you as showing the equivocal character of ttour scarp.t' They were taken by Mr. S. E. Terríll on a geo1. e:

No. 53 Fron E. deC Clarke. Dec. 24, L93l

My dear Jutson, The usual examinatlon period which lasts from October to fknas has prevented me ansr^rering your letter of Nov. L2. Nor shall I be able to achieve a proper ans\rer now. The school book is makíng slow progress. I write as the 36

Scotchman jokes - with difflculty - & it has nol{ been decfded to include a chapter on clinate a subject whÍch I had hoped to dodge. Illustrations will be another diffículty - how to illustrate adequately & yet keep down the price to 2 or 3 shíl- 1íngs. I should be very grateful for a copy of l{althers |tDas Gesetz der trIustenbildungrt as there is no copy over here & expend- iture on books has been cut down to vanishing point both at the University & privately. It is very generous of you to make the offer. tr{hat would be the least offensive short term to use for what was formerly called the Darling Range? In Ëhe school book I have been calling it the Darling Scarp, which leads to such statements as t'in the Darling Scarp there are good examples of dykes of basl-c rock cutting Èhrough the graniter" but I suppose "Scarp" should be confined to the actual steep vrest-facing front of the plateau. Your /12 p. 2. Orlgin of Perth & Milvílle I^Iaters:- níght they not have been lakes like Clifton & Preston which have been entered long subsequent Èo their formation by Èhe souÈhward- shifting Swan-Helena? ll3 (p.3). tr{e should be glad to have references to Èhe Sor- rento & Portland bores. Also we should be glad of reference to Wllsonrs opinion re marine orígin of Coastal Limestone. Of course Montgomery his predecessor believed this but I donrt know where his ideas either hlere set out in print. ll5. From what Blatchford has told me of the Donnybrook míning for gold there would seem sÈrong reason to suspect a fault there. IË seens as if the faulÈ rnight in places ease out to a mere \^tarP aS you suggesÈ. This l-s all I can find r,¡orth writing just now. Terrill is away for his vacation & I did not have an opportunity to discuss things with him before he left. I hope Èo keep him interested in the subject - that's Èhe only good I can do now-a-days - stir oÈhers up. Thís correspondence with you has been a great lncenÈíve to him & others. AJ-l good wishes for 1932.

No. 54 From E. daC Clarke. Feb. 9, L932

My dear JuÈson, Very many thanks for your letter of 15th ult. & for l^Ialtherfs book which will be a very treasured possession (of my own) thor I shalL read lt with dtfficulty - but then lnterest should spur me on & better my German. The whole trouble is energy. Of course one says there is no time - but r¡hen I Èhink of you writlng your Physlography ín the evenings up in camp I cannot honestly advance that plea. At the 37

end one just will have to say "I could have done 4 times as ¡nuch if I had had the energy & the intelligence. " My self piÈ- i-ng reference at the end of ny letter to which you refer so kindly was probably due to the fact that I vras a bit run dor^m & seem to be threatened with arthriÈis (which ís heredíÈary). It is surprls- ing thot how the swelling & pain go if I get out into the fíeld away from Perth, Depression, I^Iíreless, Motor Cars & the other advantages of civilízation. Had a most interesting trip to Black Pt. 20 ni. ESE of Leeuwin to try & unravel the nature of the beautiful basalt pavêments & columns - quite a Giant Causeway in miniature - cannot make up rny mind whether itrs a flow or a laccolith. Also the transition from the Plateau to the coastal reglon is l-nteresting - or at least is difflcult to make out. Äs you know Black Pt. (C. Gosselin) lies just about on the eastern margin of the Permo-Carboniferous? band shov¡n on the State Geological map separating the NaturalisÈs - Leeuwín old rocks from the rnain mass. Hov¡ much evidence there is for the existence of the Perm. Carb. interlude I donrt know but there is apparently a difference between the physiography here & farther east - say at Nornalup - where the Old Rocks are exposed. Between the last certain exposure I have seen of Old Rocks & the coast in the Black Pt. Regíon there must be a gap of many (probably 30) ¡níles- There ís no semblance of a scarp. There is a very seníle - or perhaps it I s due to dauming by wind blown sand not to senility - \datercourse or, better, line of draínage known as the Scott River r¿hich drains westward into the Black¡,¡ood near Augusta. IÈ is noteworthy that there are no south-draining streams betvreen the Donnelly & Èhe Blackwood. The country is difficult to traverse & difficult to visualize - at least by a casual visítor like nyself. Some of the bushuren have a wonderful grip of it if only they could translate thelr knowledge into words & maps. Returning to Swan Coastal Plain:- Many Èhanks for references to writings by yourself, hlilson & Montgomery. Also for opiníon re use of terms "Darling Range" ttScarptt etc. The orígin of Perth & Melville l^laters:- I suppose you have maps showing the "soundings" in the Svran River. If not h7e could get you one.* I have no knowledge of any turnlng back into the scarp by any sÈream. There is a feature which beats me - the pronounced N/S trend of the Swan of Jane Brook & of the Helena shortly before they leave the old rocks. Hope I haventt bored you,

* Terrill has made a submarine contour nap which he believes shows two drowned oxbows - you rnfght líke to see lt. 38

No. 55 From E. deC Clarke June 7, 1932 Dear Jutsont I am sending you under separate (registered) cover the physiography section of the book for Junior candidates. It is rather a bad state fro¡r the readerrs point of vl-ew but to get íÈ ïe-typed r¡ould only introduce other rnistakes (I canrt use a type-writer). Also Èhere are no illustrations - these are in course of making now. They will I fear be mainly diagrams for if the book is to be cheap nany L/2 tone blocks wíll be out of the question. I should be immensely grateful if you could sPare time to glance through it & jot down any comments Èhat occur to you. The treatment is probably lacking in balance & you may not think the arrangement good. I should be grateful for any criÈicism on these broad l1nes. In more detail - I have cut out a good deal that you nay think very imporÈant but have consciously done so (generally) - going on the princíple that the book is for begín- ners & for I{estern Australians. (Needl-ess to say I donf t Propose sending copies of 1t outside the State except to a few. ) The type of the headíngs & subheads ís not systematized but this I shall- attend to. There are no doubt many I ? I obscurities etc. 1n the text but I am of course not asking you to look for these unless they hít you in the ey e. hlhat I am anxious for (if you will be so very g ood as to do it) ís r eneral ression of the book, íts sultabtlity or other\^rise for iÈs purpose & any críticism of statements of fact or theory ÈhaÈ You consider erroneous. I know that I an asking a great deal of a very busy man. My excuse is your generosíty & the lnterest you take ín the sub- j ect. I hope you will not hesítate to say lf you canrt spare Èhe time. I shall quiÈe understand. My time ls taken up quite a 1oÈ with readíng & crltícizing otherts work & I know what a nuisance it sometimes is.

I am not sendíng you the Geology secÈíon simply because I feel that would be too nuch.

[Recd & ackd L3/6/32. Manuscript returned by regd packet or parcel 28/7 /32. LeÈÈer with my críÈicism on seParate sheets posted the same day. (JTJ)I

No. 56 From E. deC Clarke July 19, L932

My dear Jutson, It is about a month sl-nce I got your letter mentloning arrival of that deadly MS. It is very good of you to undertake the perusal of ít. The copy I sent had not been properly cor- 39

rected & r think the one we have here ls somewhat better in places both in manner & in matter. However, every tl-me r look at it anywhere r see somethÍng which could have been beÈter saíd. or should not have been said at all so r expect yourre having a rather dreadful tiroe. I got a letter from Fenner the other day asklng me as a member of the Physíog. cte. of the Geol. & Getg. secÈrons of Ajs to wríte a surünary statemenÈ of the physiograpñy of I^lA for the August meeting. r naturally poínÈed out tñat-you r^rere the man for that & he tells me norù that he has wrrtten you about it. r suppose its the old sÈory of the wtlling worker but obviously r am not in a posítion to write such a statement when you have been crystallising the whole matter into your new ed.ition. r hope youtll find tirne to do the sunrmary. rt wirl be urosÈ useful & interesting to us. Many thanks for the cutting of skeatsf revl-ew of Davídts new map. The map is a great achievement is it not? Tho, we can be criÈical abouÈ bits of it over here. r forget whether r told you Èhat r am hoping to get a run to England - leaving at the end of Èhe year & returnr-ng in AugusË. The matter cannot be finalized unÈil the financial posiÈíon is a little more defined than nor^r.' rn view of thís r eantt go to sydney for A3S for which I am sorry. Yes Èhanks rrm very fit - hope yourre the same. Blatchford & Talbot r occasionally see & both are oK but Ferdtmann is rapidly becoming an utter recluse.

No. 57 Trom E. deC Clarke. August 11, 1-932 My dear Jutson, r find ir hard Èo thank you adequatery toi the notes & suggestíons re Physíography. r felt thaÈ merely to acknowledge them would not be enough & r wanted to go ínto one or tvro pof_nts wíth you - but day after day has gone & stíll r mÍss the mail so I must just acknowledge for the tine belng. rt would have been splendíd if r could have had the benefit of your critl-cism on the Geology section r¿hich r fear is not as careful as the Physíography - but the very day your notes arrived the Publisher began clamourlng for copy & r have been going every minute to get the whole thrng strãight - they want to have the book out by october. obvlously therefore there qras no time to send you the MS. rt was very kind of you to offer & r know r shall always regret not havlng had the Lenefit of your critLcism & advíce on this secËion. In haste & hoping to wrlte again more fully & wl-th very many thanks. 40

No. 58 From E. deC Clarke. August 24, ]-932

My dear Jutson' Just a fe\,I notes on the corú¡ents which you so kindly made on the Physiography. I am adding short sections on rivers & man, the ocean & man and íce and man. I certainly think their omissíon would be very straD.8e. I fnserted your references to cínder cones in the l{estern district of Victorl-a; to the improved fertílity due to ash falls about Mt. Gambier, and other suggestions of a slmilar nature. Very many thanks for them. You question wheÈher enough credít is given to the action of rain in brínging about changes in dry areas - I thought I had rather stressed Èhis point. Perhaps you had overlooked that particular piece. Neither have I read HutÈon. I an only acquainted with hirn through Geiktets "Founders of Geology." Unfortunately I had lent the book to Blatchford and coul-d not check my statement and so have let ít go as Ít stood ([ ruentioned in my previous note thaÈ the publísher was clamouring for the rnanuscrípt when your letÈer arríved. ) As far as I can gaÈher,from Pirsson & SchucherÈrs textbook 250 feet ís about the rise expected by Daly. There hrere a great many corrections and suggestions which I adopted immedlately as they were such Ímprovements on the original. I think the polnts raised above are the main ones in which I did not altogether follow your notes. [Geikie p 159 1795 Date of publícation [ ? ] p. 179 et. seq. Zlttel p. 69 et. seq. "Theory of the Earthfrpublished 1795. (JTJ)]

No. 59 From E. deC Clarke. Nov. 8, 1932

My dear Jutson, Just a líne to apprise you of the completion of that book over which I have worrl-ed you so often. A copy has been sent you. You w111 find the illustratlons rather scanty ín spl-te of which & Èhe facË Èhat it went thro t the press with a mínimum of alterations they are charging 5/- f.or it whereas Cottonts Geomorphology was 10/6! I em sorry that you have not yet had the maps of Èhe Sv'ran R. referred to in your letter of August 26. I thought Mr. Terrl-ll had sent them, he thought I had. They will be rushed to you ln the ner

I noticed the other day at Applecross some proof thaÈ D' Johnson was right when he said that the low lying flats like that at Mill Point & Crawley are wave-bu|lt under the present regfme & are not evidence of elevation. Last winterrs storms had piled the sand uP to the level of & to a small extent on top of the low-level flat at the foot of the jetty. My wífe & I expect to leave for England on Dec. 19 by the Orsova. I am looking forward to the experience but not to the expensel IAckd. t6/l-I/32. Ansd 22/LLl32 (JrJ)l

No. 60 I'rom E. deC Clarke¡ Nov. 2L, 1932

My dear Jutson, I{e have had ever since I first came here a consíderable collecÈl-on of goldfields rocks marked with green & other coloured numbers (paint) - obviously field numbers. They are labelled "Jutsonts specimens.t' I have been lent your old field sheets (Couret Vall etc. by G.S.I{.A.) but so far find that the numbers we have are missing from the llsts. It may be that you gave tr{oolnough those of your field speeimens which \tere not regístered in the GS[{A collection & that there is or was somer{here a list givíng the localitles etc. of the specÍmens. I fear it is not here, nor has been since I took over. As a last hope I wrlte Èo you to ask if by any chance you have a complete list of your fíeld specímens by means of which we could run down the members of this collection. IÈ is a good tot & Itd have to throw it away. lAnsd & list of rocks despatched as per list atÈached 30/LL/32 (Jrr) l

No. 61 From E. deC Clarke. Nov. 30, 1932

My dear Jutson, Thanks very much for the pamphlets & for your letter. I have wrltten to Prof. Davís thanklng hÍm as you suggest. The panphlets will be a great additfon to our reading matter in Physlography. Thanks also for the 3 whích you sent ue. I do not seem to have copies of any of the pamphlets. I suppose I mentLoned t.o you previously Bartrums & my work on platforns North of Auckland? Perhaps I have not thanked you for your very generous appreciation in a prevlous letÈer of the book on Physíog & Geol. I cerÈainly did not err on the side of generosl-ty in acknowledging lndebtedn""" to ffi. In great haste. 42

No. 62 tr'ron E. deC Clarke. Nov. 14, 1933

My dear Jutson' Many thanks for yours of NoV. lst. My orlgJ-nal contrl-tution on the subjecÈ of rock benches 1s in 3u1l-. no. 8 (\rrhangaroa Sub- dívJ-sion) N.Z. Geological Survey 1909, P.30,2nd and 3rd Para- graphs. The bulletin is by Bell anil myself but I must be held responsible for Èhese paragraphs. Bartrumrs is in Trans. N.Z. Inst: vol. xlvl-il 1915 p. 132. He wrote me shortly aft.erwards and apologised for not mentionlng my prevlous note which he had overlooked. Another artl-cle by Bartrum on a different type of platforrn is in Aust. Ass. Adv. Sc. vol. 16 pp. 493-5, L923. I thtnk P. G. Morgan also wrote something about the "Old HaËtttype, but-cannot put my hand on iÈ. As soon as the worst of the exams are over ltll try and geÈ out a selectíon of your field specimens - nearly a1-1 by the way were located by the use of your field sheets and our collections are thus consíderably enhanced. Regarding physiography:- referring to 2nd page 2nd paragraph of my letter of L6/9/3L, (whlch I am proud to see you have kept) work has got a litÈle further with the Jurassícs at Bull-sbrook and Forman, who has had consíderable experl-ence in mapping sediments, thinks that they dip ÌÀ.N.I^I. at a very low angle. Your "Rider A" represents Johnsonfs vlews I think. I suggest insertion of "Jurassict' before Cretaceous on 5th line in deference to the idea that the Bullsbrook seríes is Jurassic. I,trould t'denudatlonrtt or tterosionrrr as being more general Èermst be preferable to "peneplanaÈíon" l-n ll-ne 7? Mlght line B read "and subsequent differentlal erosion v¡ould produce"? I mean is there need for "subsequent. uplift"? Of course there was uplift later Èo produce the Swan Coastal Plaín, but this was after Èhe scarp, however it was made, had been developed. Regarding "drowníng" of Swan:- I quíte agree with you and cannot see how in mine of Sept. 16thr 1931 I ever vlrote the firsÈ four ll-nes at top of page 3. I suggest the following for the stages, (your last letter p. 2). I. The sea extended from Èhe scarP to beyond the present slte of RottnesÈ. (I think iË advisable to insert I'presenË site of" oÈherwise some might imagine you thought RottnesË to have been there all the tine.) 2. Elevatlon. The sea bed, from the scarp to beyond present slte of Rottnest, became a plain about 100 ft. above sea level. This elevation \^tas a very gradual one accompanled by tílting down from North to South, which caused mÍgratl-on of Swan southr¡ards, of this there ls good evídence. During this period of elevation the new land was being cut back by marine abrasion, the resistant parts remaining as l-slands, - Rottnest etc. - and the sea had reached its present frontage before - 3. Soon after the Swan achieved lts Present outlet - which' lncidentally, may have been determined by collapse of limestone caves, thus accounting for the mlnlature gorge of Blackwall 43

Reach etc. - Ëhe slow elevation gave place to a sllght subsidence, which dror¡ned the flood plaíns of the Srnran and Cannl-ng. Little or no trace of the continuation of the Swan beyond the present sea front ¡ cârt be seen 1n the submarine contours between Fremantle and Rottnest. That is why I think that the submergence did not take place untll the sea had arríved at its present frontage, i.e. until recent times. Hencer as you sayt the sea bed between Fremantle and Rottnest is a plaJ-n of marine abras i-on. l¡e had a very interesting time in Great Britain. I{e did not leave that tight líttle island - found more than enough' geological and otherwise, to keep us busy the whole time. Bought a car (L26- sold it day before sailing for L14.14.0) and díd over 5000 rniles in 1t, ineludíng a fairly comprehensive tour of Great Brítain. KindesÈ regards and best wishes for ChrisË¡uas and New Year,

[FootnoËe to be Rider B on p. 131 (JTJ)] lAckd. 23/]-L/33 (JrJ)l

No. 63 From E. deC Clarke. March 20, 1934

My dear Jutson, Yours of Feb. 21 is in danger of remaíning unanswered, so herers for a Èrief note; for wetre on the eve of a big eamping stunt whereby we hope to give every student Èhe opportunl-ty of seeing some decenÈ geology at the lrr,¡in Ríver. I donrt know of any article having been written on W.A. coastal sand dunes--should think that you would naturally have been asked to do it íf it was wanted. Itrs too laÈe now, but it only occurred to me a month or so ago to ask you if you are making any reference to the submerged caves which were encountered when they were trying to make a dock or something at Fremantle many years ago. If they are a fact it seems you have good evldence of a submergence. Havenft got onto making up the select collection from the Goldfields rocks you left with us.

No. 64 From E. deC Clarke. Feb. 18, 1935

My dear Jutson, Many thanks for your letter of 6th inst. & the enclosed report r¿hich I hope you meant me to keep. I enclose a copy of mine - of which I hope youtll be able to make someÈhing. Our bíg difference is in the lmporÈance of the Ml-ocene submergence. I ¡m at present obsessed with the idea that the Darling Scarp is a somewhat more steePly dlpping portlon of an uncovered ancient surface of erosion & thaÈ in Ëhe south the same unít 44 slopes under the fringe of dune limestones & (farther east) Plantagenet beds, at a very gentle angle under the sea - & ditËo in the north. No I rve seen nothing (from train wíndows) to suggest the faulÈ between Zanthus & Kitchener but curiously enough I{ade (after I had receíved your leËt.er but I had certainly not said anything abouÈ it) nentioned the same idea & said the change ín topography & vegetation was very striking. I have certainly noticed the floral but not the topographic change. I¡Ie are ímmediately proceeding to look out a selection of Goldfields rocks for you. The idea is to make a selection of the uost important types from your own collecËion & supplement it where necessary wlth rocks from other localíties, but you only !'/ant a selection from your collecÈion? Unfortunately your letter giving particulars of what you wanted (written Ín 1932) has been rnislaid so please refresh my menory Íf this is not the arrangement whl-ch we made. You are not as sorry as I ¡m that we didntt have some further meetings & discussíons - parÈicularly about coastal physto- graphy. I enjoyed the }Iestern Districts excursion very much. I^Ie had excellent weather & sa\¡r some splendid examples of practícally recent volcanic structures. On return I ran down t.o the Leewin wíth the boys because they had not been away during Èhe holidays. I{e could only stay abouÈ 4 days as school was beglnning again. Blatchford whom I saw for a few mínutes the other day was very interested to hear about you.

No. 65 From E. deC Clarke. March 7, L935

My dear Jutson, I^Ie shall- be dispatching to you in a few days per steamer a box containing the rocks of which enclosed is a list. You rrill note that a good many specimens are bore cores. These are really better than hand specimens because the end shows the natural fracture surface and the sl-des when wetted show the tex- ture very well. All these bore cores have been identlfied by mícroscope I think. In fact everything has been thus done' except 485, 465, 422 & 476. Please let me know whether there 1s anything else you would like.

No. 66 From E. deC Clarke. April 2, 1935

My dear JuÈson, Many thanks for enclosed. 45

UnforÈunately I did not see Fenner as I told you I would before I left for I^I.4. It was difficult to keep track of every- Èhíng in Melbourne. EvidenÈly both our reports (rnine abbrevlated) have gone for pubtication now but I suppose therets no partíeular harm done. I think that originally Fenner had intended to write up a harmonized version for all Australía from the diverse & divergent reports he got, but of course he found it too bíg an undertaking - if a possible one - especially as at least one report (nine) r47as so late. Am in the throes of preparing for the big Easter (Irwin R.) camp. Kíndest regards.

No. 67 From E. deC Clarke. Dec. 26, 1935 My dear Jutson, It seeus more than a year since I saw you l-n Melbourne - on the other hand it does not seem very long slnce yours of April 4 was received to which I have not replied. Certainly íf & when I have any ideas on W.A. physíog. you would be the first. person to whom I would cournunicate them - but up to now I have nothing fresh. I hope to get down Èo the souÈh coast at Pt. Anne early in Jan. for a few days prínarily to see the physiog. as well & let you know about it tf it seems worth wh1le. By the way have you 2 sheeÈs of a Ptr{D plan showlng soundings in Swan River, a tracing showl-ng contours drawn from these plans & a sheet showing rough sections across the river at various points, also a plan showing Perth T,IaÈer & the river soundings some dÍstance upstream from the Causeway (PI^ID !üA L3492)? I donrt know whether I led you Ëo think rle hTere handlng them over to you - if so nust apologíze for asking you for them backl But in any case if you dontt think theytre of any further use to you at present I should like Èo have them jusÈ for reference. You would of course be welcome to them at any time. I only remembered having sent them to you when I wanted to consult them 1n connection wlth the reclamation no$I going on & then found a note ín Terrillfs hand to the above effect. I have been busy putting together an article on Australian Pre-Cambrian for sone German pubn. It did me good anyhtay, thor I doubt r¡hether it will ever do anyone else much good. Itrs a bit late, but I do hope you will have a very successful 1936. I^tith best wíshes to your wife & yourself . 46

No. 68 From E. deC Clarke. Nov. 23, L937.

My dear Jutson t , - Many thanks for the paper by yourself and coulson whlch I have read wíth great interest, and for your letter. It ís a long time since l,re have wrítten to one anoÈher and your IeËters are always very welcome because they are concerned with some definite problen and force one to think - if only to think how little one has done and to marvel at onets temerity {n attemPtlng to ansl'¡er them. Your paper shov/s I thínk how we should tackle the problern of our coastal plaín l.e. take one small element. in l-t and follow it through; however there is another way I suppose' not so good but easier of execution, and that is to take one defined area and stu.dy that thoroughly. Eminently such an area is Rottnest whither I went last Sunday on a R.S.I^I.4. excursion. It would make a very good subJect for a thesis by a senior student but he would neea ptãnËy of sticking po\^rer to accomplish anything worth while. There !¡as a student Èhis year buÈ he \^7as Èoo ambitious and dealt with the swan c.P. from Gingin to Rockingham. I fear there is not veïy much of value in the PaPer - if I can persuade him to prune it tremendously I shall send it you in MS with the rather fornidable request that you read it through and say what you think of it. tI5/f2/37 lüi1l be pleased to read this MS. (JTJ)I However I am rsandering away from your letter - probably I f eel very hesitant about cornmitÈing rnyself . Yes, I still think that my ldea about the succession of events in the history of the c.P. ls something near right, but have nothing except general observatlon to supPort me - if that. Turning to Your questions:- (1) I would guess the marine beds that forned the 300 ft. plain- to be somewhere about Pleistocene - not older' (2) The coastal llmestone ("dune llmestone") is a part of the maríne beds in (1). (3) It follows froro (2) that the Swan had to cuË lÈs way through the coastal llmestones after they were limestones. I donft noür agree wlth ny words 'rhad cut lts comparatively narror^r valley" if by that I was referrl-ng to the gorge at Blackwall Reach. I think the Swan had at least t!ùo successive outlets - the earlier along the Claisebrook - Perth Station - L. Monger' the later through Crawley and Butlerrs Swamp. The Present very unexpected ouÈlet is perhaps due Ëo the collapse of a cave in the limesÈones. (4) Ird be lnclined to put nearly all the lirney rocks of the C.P. l-n the Plelstocene, except the capstone and the occaslonal cemented recenË sand dunes. of course this suggestion of mlne about the sub-aqueous origin of the coastal linestones ls not quíte in accord with your ídea that they are malnly consolidated sand dunes, and no doubt a lot of the limestone is, where you have seen it, of thaÈ naÈuret but I cannot find any break between the híghly fossiliferous beds 47

at Miním Cove and the current-.bedded sandstones that overlie them. Untll soneone has done more work ít is useless Èo say much more. The best thíng to do I think would be to make a large number of observations on the angle of the current bedding and then see r¿hat the angle of rest of the materl-als of the rock when it has been disintegraÈed is; also one might consult pre- víous work on problems of this kind and also some work on the grading or otherwise of the fragmented rock might give some information. But it is one thing to sit at a typewriter and theor- Íse and quite another to set the investígation going. (5) From all the above you will see that I would think the Marine Beds of our C.P. are substantially the same as the Portar- lington beds. 0f course thaÈ does not apply to the underlying marls etc. which are the beds of the Artesian Basín. They begín about 40 ft. below s.1. and we are hoping to hear something soon about their age from tr'I. J. Parr. (Have just had a letter & he thinks them Eocene.) (6) Relative age of Bunbury Basalt. Dr. Carroll .has collected evídence from bores at Bunbury that the basalt sheet Èhere is ínterrupted by a deep channel which we mlght take as the ínf illed bed of the Preston etc. rivers...sínce l^r-ritíng the above - have been talking Èo Dr. Carroll and she tells me thaË she does not think iÈ is a stream bed. Anyway she thinks that the basalt is definitely older Èhan the coasÈal limestone that occurs there, for rolled boulders and pebbles of basalt are in the limestone - but it is always possible to mistake last yearts cemented beach sand for coast.al limestone - at leasÈ I think I have seen evfdence of this at PÈ. Peron. On the other hand, at C. Gosselin (¡lack Point) I collected a seam of rock from the basalt. (which agrees generally with the Bunbury basalt - see Edwards, R. S. \^I. A. vol. )O(II, 1935-6) whích Edwards says is a bíÈ of limestone thermally metamorphosed by the basalt. There is "coastal limestone" lying on the basalt however nearby with no very obvious sígns of metamorphism so the digested limestone may be from some earlier formation. On the whole the very scant evidence seems to favour the basalt being older than the limestone ín the S.I{. buÈ there may be several ages of limestone. It11 try and look out some photos of coasÈal scenery and send along for you to l-nspect but. Èhe seÈ will not be a very comprehensive one. Thls has been thumped out over a period of two days wíth numerous lnterruptíons, but perhaps it gives some of the answers you wanted. I.Iith best wishes to you and Mrs. Jutson for Chrj.stmas and New Year.

I haventt seen Talbot for over a year but had a letter from him the other day. Blatchford whom I saw last night wishes to be remembered to you. Has your paper on elevation near Sydney been publl-shed? 48

[r5/12/37 not yet published (JTJ)] Ackd. Ls/L2/37 (JrJ)l

No. 69 From E. deC Clarke. Feb. 12, 1938

My dear Jutson, Thank you for your letÈer of the 15th December 1n whích you say thaË you will go Èhrough the manuscript of student I s paper on the Swan Coastal Plain. It ís being senË you by rnail today, ín a very untidy state I am afraid, but it is his first attempt at such a paper and he does not realíse the outside readerrs point of view quite yet. In hast.

No. 70 From E. deC Clarke. Feb. 15, 1938

My dear Jutson, Yours of the 4th February crossed míne announcing the despatch of the paper on the Sr¡an coastal plain. RegardLng the CoasÈal Limestone, I had suggested to interested people that. the lower part of the coastal limestone is marine and the upper part sub-aerial. It is ínteresting to know that Coulson has the same idea regarding the VicÈorían duen lirne- stones. In our case of course marine fossils are found in the lower partsr* including quite a substancial coral reef at Don- gaxra and a smaller one at Rottnest. As you say, it ls quite reasonable to expect Èhe marine beds to pass upr^7ards into dune limestones formed on a bar. No, I have not seen the cuÈtíngs at the Henderson Naval Base. I musÈ ask S. J. Mayne, the author of the paper I have just sent you, whether he has examined them. I have not forgotten my undertaking to send you some photos of coastal scenery. How would it be íf I sent you our own prints and you select from these the ones of whlch you would like copl-es and then send the whole collection back to me, after which we could send you prínts of the ones required? I keep a flled collectl-on of photographs of this State, and ít seems a pity to waste Èíme and paper in making copies of every one when probably a dozen or so would be all you would really care for. I was down on the south coast between Fitzgerald and Ravens- thorpe lately and was very interested to note a very prominenÈ shelf attaining about 200 feet above sea level whlch borders on Èhe sea and from which the rugged Barren Ranges rise rather abrupt- 1y.

l*Below sea leve1. None so far found in Vic. Gregoryrs Kangaroo below sea level. (.ff;¡¡ 49

No. 7I From E. deC Clarke. March 7, 1938

My dear Jutson, Just a line to acknowledge with many thanks the return of the typescript of "The Swan Coastal Plaln" and the receípt of your very careful notes on iÈ. I irave of course gíven them to the student concerned. If he is not Èhe kind to benefit from Ëhem then he is noË the kind to attempt such work. It was exceedingly good of you to go to such trouble in this matter. I had no ídea thaÈ you would go into it so thoroughly, and feel that I have imposed very much on your good nature.

No. 72 Frorn E. deC Clarke. Feb. 2L, L939

My dear Jutson, I am sending you under seParaËe cover 1. The prints you selected (10 or a dozen) ' 2. A few snaps I took coming along the coast Ëhe other day which if of any value I could have enlarged up to the standard size. 3. The photos of the t'coal seamst' taken by Stuart the day \.re were out. I should be glad indeed if you could give me any further notes about them. I should have taken notes at the tíme. 4. A re-type of Èhe PaPer on Sandplain soils - on r'rhich I would greatl-y appreciate your criticism. also ttchoresttsO Arn snowed up wl_th \^rontt write more except to thank you for that mosË instructive day you gave me. I night add Èhat Stuart also enjoYed it.

[Talbot & Clarke Bulletin No. 75, p. 4l Granite sand....not dune blg. In the sedy area - sand rídges. See also Free pp' 53-57 (JTJ) ]

No. 73 From E. deC Clarke. Apríl 22, 1939

My dear Jutson, . Thanks for your appreciative letter regarding "Middle and I{est AusÈraliat' which I got whén ín camp at the Irwin River a fortnight ago. It is good to hear of one Person who confesses to have read lt through. Regardlng the Beach Deposits on the Nullarbor Plalns you wtll fínd that in the annual report of the G.S.I^I.[. for 1919' P. 5, Talbot speaks of the "uplJ-fted estuary into whlch Goddard Creek flowed. t' I wrote to Talbot about it 1n 1934 and he replled as 50 follows: - "Dec. 6th, 1934. ...t'It l-s such a long time, over 18 years, slnce I was at Goddard Creek that my recollection of what I saw is raEher hazy, but the estuarine rpi""ttr't"e of Èhe countïy below where the creek ended is still ímpressed on my memory. The creek emptl-ed on to a flat on whÍch wàre banks of seed gypsum. There $Ias a low limestone clíff on the easÈ side of the flaÈ, and I think a somewhat lower cliff or rise on Èhe west side. On the flat shells were thickly strevm between Èhe gypsum banks. I brought back a col- lecÈion of the shells, and also sone sample bags of the seed gypsum, but what was done with Èhem I do not remember' There ought to be some record of them in the G.S.I{.A' "Goddard Creek has a well defined channel and a sandy bottom until it runs out on the flat mentioned above' There is a good fresh water sand soak in the bed of the creek a few miles below the railway. I remember I did not see as much of the country as I r¿ished as I had a very severe attack of lumbago caused by putting on pyjamas the string of which I^tas not dry after being washed at the soak where we had a dayrs spell' "Goddard Creek is the outleË from Lake Carey't' For some forgotten reason I did not refer to this aPPar- ently in my report to the Structural and Land Forrns Conülíttee in 1935, although I actually told Talbot r¡hen I'frrote to hím that it was for this that I wanËed the inforrnation' Andrer¿s hTrote to me recently that his MS ' and maps on Eastern Australia have been sent in, so the PaPer should be in print before verY long. I.Ilth all good wishes.

Are you dolng anythíng about the D. Sc. ?

[Recd. L/5/39. Ackd. I/5/39 & mentd. that I had recd. reply to my lre of. L5/3/39 & I feared it had gone astray' (JTJ)I

No. 74 From E. deC Clarke. May 8, L939

My dear Jutson' Yours of May 1 is just to hand. I am truly sorry & ashamed that I have overlooked acknowledgíng yours of March 15 & all the interest.ing matter connected Èherewlth. It arrived when I r^las arrangf-ng a seníor geology excursion to the Irwin River. Dr. Carró11-wrote a reply to lt - to which I was supposed to add somethlng: I did not before leavlng for Irq¡in R. I'Ihen I got back I woulã, if asked, have saíd that I had posted ít off - but here 1t all is! There is a great deal- 1n your objections buÈ I think you wlll see that there is something for the submergence too - na!- urally ri7e are all of us looking for the truth & I hope I shanrt 51

nind if you end up by showlng us to be all vrrorìg! There are just one or t!,Io points in addition Èo Dr. Carrollrs notes:- botÈom of your p. 2 "condítions postulated by you" - does thís refer Èo the idea of submergence? or cllmatic change? p. t'and sandy clays eÈc. dePending on fírst Dara. on 3 - I'reddiah the character of the parent rock"1hould be added after brown loans & clays." In this place Dr. Carroll & nyself were considerlng rather the climatic conditions (wh. of course 1n- fluence the character of the soil quite independently of the ínfluence of the lithology of underlying rock) but we should have put in somethíng abouÈ sandy sol-ls as you Pol-nt out. I have been interrupted several tímes whíle writing thls' & think it I s better to posË Èhan to wait for a "more convenient season. tt Many thanks for all your interest & the notes about S. Melbourne are most valuable.

No. 75 From E. deC Clarke. May 3, L94O

My dear JuÈson, Thank you very much for your Paper on shore platforrns near Mt. Martha. I have read it wiÈh great interest and profit because I realise that my equipment for underÈaking any descríptlon of coasÈ topography is practically níL. I have not had the - well the guts, thatrs the only adequate word I can think of - to do more than dip into Johnsonts books here and Ëhere, and lt ís so necessary for the ordinary person to know beforehand what to Iook for and how to look. One ís naturally inÈerested ln shore platforms and other feaÈures of sea fronts and, in Èhe lasÈ few years I have had enough material before me on my trips to the south coast to have written many PaPers - not that I suPpose one should regard wrítlng paPers as the main or only end of the geologist. Anyway your paPer, so much to Èhe poínt, is one that even I can read with no effort and I have learnÈ a lot from ít. I dontt believe I ever thanked you for tell1ng me what an engrafÈed river is. Enclosed ís the long delayed continuaËion of our discussíon on the Miocene submergence. The delay ls enÈirely ury fault - Dr. Carroll krrote her parË - which is the najoriÈy of Ëhe com- bined effort - months ago. I need add noËhing more excePt to say how much we both apprecl-ate the chance to dl-scuss thlngs with you, to express the hope that you wíll overlook any crudities of expression that may have crePt in and thaÈ you wíll feel inclíned Ín your ornrn good tlme to contlnue the debate. We hope also that r¡re are really Èrytng to debate the merits of the case and not indulgíng 1n a debating society stunt - of course by t'hret' I uean Dr. C. and myself. You will see that I am feeling doubtful about n0y thesis for one or t\^ro reasons. It would be a great thlng to have the ecology of the sponge fauna thoroughly established. 52

!Iel1 I expect you have had enough of this for this time an)^^ray. Best wíshes to you both from, lAckd. 2/6/40 (JrJ)l

No. 76 From E. deC Clarke. Jan. 12, L942

My dear Jutson, That I have been so long l-n answeríng your very kind letter of nearly a month ago is not due to lack of appreciation of it, but sinply to the fact ÈhaÈ I have been very busy ín ways which as you ean imagine are not usual, and having losÈ resil- ience have been very tired, and this was a reply that I did not feel Ínclined to give to a typist (we have one for I ll2 days every week and I get through most of my correspondence that way). I agree most heartily that these are the times when one likes to feel sure about people whom one has been inclined to regard as frl-ends and I reciprocate with all my heart whaË you said to me. My last correspondence wlÈh you was I thínk about the R.S.I^I.A. and that incident has rather shaken me in regard to some people with whom I have always got on well, for they seemed to me to adopt a most unreasonable and unreasoníng attitude with regard to the alien question. I-ivas quite prepared to be convinced by their arguments at the meeÈíng, and it was because I had heard it freely stated that it was only proposed Èo follow the lead of other learned societies in Australia ín this matter that I made enquiries from you and others, only-to find that no such actlon had even been conÈemplaÈed elsewhere (you may have noted hovrever that the I^I.4. branch of Èhe AusÈralían Association of Scient. I,{orkers desired to dissociate itself from the message of greeting sent by that body to the Soviet). However instead of debating the matter the exclusLonists said never a word ln reply to the excellent speeches on the other side made by Shearer and Sutton. They were evidenÈly sl-tting tlght satisfled that they had a majoríty and perfectly set ln theír opinions. As it turned ouÈ they lost by a very narrovr margin. Their aloofness seemed hardl-y courteous or in keeping ¡¡ith the habits of a scien- tifíc society; but still I thoughÈ that once the Ëhing was settled that would be the end of iÈ, but apparenËly some of them at least regard it as a personal matter. I go to these boresome lengths to show how in even a semi-crisis some people lose their heads and sense of proporË1on - mind you I donrt say which slde lost its head - am stlll quite prepared to say my side was 1n the wrong. Yes! Therets nothing líke work and plenty or Èoo much of it to keep one steady these È1mes. I have just finished two text-books for Geol. I here (one theory the oÈher Practical). They are the result of all- my years here and are only intended for 53

I^I.4. students for whom foreign text-books are not very helpful . lJe have had try-outs of Èhem in previous years and I owe much to the collaboratíon of Príder and Teíchert. For the presenÈ Ëhey are to be stencilled and there wtll be no illusÈratlons, but I am hopíng that sorne day we shall achieve print and some illustrations. Now I am busy with A.R.P. I seem to have nislaid Èhe letter in whích you told me r¿hat of the parnphlets of which we had not already copies we mighÈ keep. Please 1et me know again. At present they are all away wiÈh Èhe external examíner. You do not say how your wife Ís now. I^Ie are both fit but Èired. Stuart finished hís B. Mech. E. & is now a "Third Class engineer. tt tr'lith warmest regards from us both. Did I tell you I got several Aturias lying on the surface just east of Kennedy Range - and the others got a few Kainozoic looking pelecypods? So herers Èo Èhe next debaÈe on Èhe "Míocene Submergence" !

[see also E. deccrs lre 22/4/39 to ue re Goddardfs shells. (JTJ)]

No. 77 From E. deC Clarke. Teb. 26, 1947

My dear Jutson, Many thanks for your leÈÈer. I have attended Èo the enclosure. I gave Le Souet 1, Bartlett 2, Síurpson 3 (no relaÈ1on of E.S.S.). It is as you say a long time since we have heard from one anoÈher. The last I heard about you I^tas that you were away from your office recoveríng from an operaÈion. I^Ie are all well. Stuart has been on some job for Èhe CommonwealÈh in England and Germany since l-ast June. He has made ful1 use of every mín- ute of hís time. Miles, the second boy, is married, has a daughter Ëhree or four months old, and, is practising at Kalgoor- lie. Just at present he is havlng a t\.7o weeks hollday at Denmark. The third boy, John, has been elected RÍ¡odes scholar for t{.4. He will be going to England some time thís year. I had a three weeks trip down to the south coast with my friend H. T. Phillípps ln.January. The main job was to fill in some gaps in our observatÍons made on previous excursions. l{e found the Plantagenet beds probably unconforrnably overlaín by the ttcoastal limesÈone" aÈ Díl1on Bay and got a few fossils from them there and also near Doubtful Island Bay. Of course my maín Job was to see more of the Pre-Cambrian, but I do not think that there was any very sensational dlscovery in thls regard. I also tried to geÈ some more definíte descriptions of Èhe geomorphology of these parts. I wish we could have had you wlth us to direct our observatl-ons. I am sure v7e have overlooked many asPects of interest and have been dístracted by maÈters of little import. I s4

am an íncurable optimíst and am still hoping that I shall be able to htrite up the geomorphological observatíons and send them over to you for critícism. But at the same time I am sufficíently real- ístic Èo knor¿ that with greatly increased numbers this coming session and great.ly deereased vitalÍty on my own Part thls is merely a pious hope. I suppose I am doing some good here but I sometimes wonder. I^Iíth kindest regards,

I saw Talbot yesÈerday. He seeIDS evergreen. Has given up poultry & returned Èo miningl

IRecd. s/3/47 (JrJ)]

No. 78 From F. C. Colliver, Melbourne, VicËoria. The Field NaturalisÈsr Feb. 8, 1947 Club of Victoria. Dear Mr. Jutson, You and I have noÈ met but we have a number of mutual friends and one of them, Alan Coulson, suggesÈed that you would be ínteresÈed in the enclosed notes. I atÈended the Adelal-de meeting of the A.N.Z.A.A.S. last August and when possible took notes of the papers and discussíons and skeÈchy as Èhey are they do give, even with the incorrect spelling etc. an insJ-ght to what took place at the ueetíng; so I made a number of copies and sent them off to friends who were not able Èo attend the meeting, and when Alan Coulson returned the copy sent him he suggested I send it on to you as he was sure you would be interested. I am pleased to do this, hence this note, whlch musÈ also take the form of an introduction. My name is Frederick Stanley Colliver, and I have been Secretary of the above Club for some 13 years and was this last year elected President. I dld a course in Geology under Dr. G. B. Pritchard at the Id.M.C. a long tlme ago 1t now seems, and have kept uP the lnterest ín the science ever since, makíng Palaeontology ny main ín- terest; and fluring the years past have built up a fair collection of specimens and a lfbrary. I am also Chalrman of the Geologlcal Dlscussfon Group which we have at the Club and as such am more or less responsJ-ble for the monthly lectures and following excurslons; and my collections form the basis frorn which the material for these lectures is taken. I atÈended Èhe Auckland Meeting of the Assocíation, but missed out on the Canberra owing to ¡¡ar and no leave being granted; and have duríng the war perlod been looking forward to the time when I could take part ín such gatherings again. I fear however that the Perth meeting ¡¿hich takes place in August 55

ís Èoo far away for me owíng to the fact that I have reached the married state since the Auckland meeting. However this state has its compensations, and my wife does not mind my specimens around the place, and we have a constant stream of friends like Alan Coulson calling in on us from time to Ëime. I am in no hurry for the return of the notes, but would like them back sone tíme as I can then pass them on to somebody else; possibly I could enlarge on some of the points in the notes and I would be only too pleased to do so if you would say so. In closlng this note, may I express all Good Wishes and Kindest Regards from a Èyro to one of the older school of Austra- lian Geologists.

[Recd. abr. l8/2/47 (¡r.r)]

No. 79 From C. A. Cotton, I{ellington, New ZeaIand. Victoría University College. Sept. 27, L9L7 Dear Mr. Jutson, I return your Postage couPons herer¡íÈh. I had no extra postage to pay on your papers, buÈ I should have been very wílling to pay it if any had been due. For a long time I have wíshed to have a copy of your Physíography of üIestern Australia, and now that you have been good enough to send one I find iË extremely interesting. I hope you received safely the bundle of papers I sent in exchange. I read wiÈh interest I^I. M. Davists revíer¡ of your rtork in the Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Phíladelphía.

No. B0 From C. A. Cotton. Apríl 7, 1945 Dear Jutson, Many thanks for reminder re reprínts. I have made up a packet for you of Èhose whích are still in stock, but shall hold it for a few days to put ln another I am expecting, which deals with geomorphic divisions of the N. Z. region. It has been difficult to get reprínts in recent years. Re Èhe ref erence to your "Physiography of I^I. A. " I thought it better to refer Èo your origínal statement and quoted the first edition. Also I âm not sure vrhether the paging is the same in the later ed. and the flrst edition is the only one to which I can easlly refer, as I have the copy you sent me.

[Ansd. 17 /5/45 (JrJ)] 56

No. 81 From A. Coulson. East Geelong, Victoria. Feb. 25, L934 Dear I'tr. Jutson, I have complied with your request and am sending the Aurlewis & Barrabool Hills reprlnt.s under separate cover. Your paper on ttEroslon and Sedímentation ín Port Phillíp Bayrr interested me very much, as the origin of the Corio Bay basin has not been investígated properly yet, although usually attributed to faulting. On p. 140 you mentlon the oyster band aÈ the r^restern end of Corío Bay. Recently beach improvement work has dísclosed more of these recent oyster shells, at varíous levels but all resting on Èhe surface soil of the cliffs, indicating, I think, that they are aboriginal shell heaps, eiËher originally accumulated aÈ dl-fferent levels, or all accumulated on top and some af tenrards lowered d.own the slope by the frequent small landsll-ps. Point Henry ís a puzzlÍng formation and Èhe bar across the Corio Bay would yíeld interesting data if bored. Lake Conne!/are is another problem in siltation, as apparently it has been open to the sea during all its history. Regarding the wave cut platform at Barwon Heads, which possibly extends to Charlemont Reef: - the rock may be basalt or dune limesÈone. Has a specimen of the rock even been secured from Charlemont Reef?

No. 82 From A. Coulson. March 9, L934 Dear Mr. Jutson, I must thank you for the reprint of your paper. It trill prove very useful to me. Should you be comíng down this !üay on physl-ographic research I would appreciate belng able to acconPany you. The Charlemont Reef is about I/2 mLl.es South of Barwon Heads Bluff, but is 15 ft. below lov¡ water (I have jusÈ dJ-scovered) so is practically ínaccessible. A deep channel runs between it and the Bluff. I suspected it ntght be basalt, but therets no hope of checking up. For the last year I have been depthing the silt and sand deposits ín Lake Connewarre, endeavoring to get some evldence as to the origln. The maximum depth we have bored ís 44f unbottomed ín marine shore sand, on the main lake shore. But a tongue of basalt 1s found crossl-ng the lake on the southeast corner, and south of this again a rJ-dge of Ml-ocene marl & clay only 4 feeÈ below the surface. The lake was therefore not merely exeised from the ocean by the basalt flow and may be due Èo (a) faul-tlng (b) solution or (c) scourlng by the waters of the Barwon (but this is unlíkely to be effecÈive at 44 ft. below sea level). I arn readíng what little I can get on the sedimentation of lakes etc., and thought that possibly you night have encourrtered some data wlth reference to depth of sÍlt or sand in the Yarra delta, I.lest Mel- 57

bourne Swamp, or oÈher VicÈorían lakes e.g. Glppsland Lakes. Another poÍnt whích ís ímportanÈ is the oceanic sand drift v¡hích bars up the Anglesea R., Spring Ck, Bream Ck, Barwcrn Ríver, etc. Last floods cut the mouths open again. There must be sta- tistics somer,¡here regarding the source of this "sandtt (commlnuted shell) and the rate at whích it accumulates along the coast under the action of the shore currents etc. In Proc. Roy. Soc. Vic. XIV, ns. 1901 Prof. Gregory dís- cusses (p. 140) the erosíon of the dune llmestone along the foreshore at Sorrento, and concludes that there \^ras a relatively greater elevation of Èhe dune belt in recent times. Horùever, Gregory !¡as not always correct! lAnsd. 23/3/34 (JrJ)l

No. 83 Fron A. Coulson. March 28, 1934 Dear Mr. Jutson, I was glad to receÍve your noÈe of. 23rd inst., and to learn of your work along the local coastline. I have no intentlon of tacklíng coastal physiography at all. After the paper on Lake Connewarre is finished (wíÈhin the next few weeks), I w111 have a lot of work to do on the basalts, and after that a paper jointly with L. trü. Stack on the Tertíary rocks of the dlstrícÈ. So that apart from ConnehTarre there should be no overlapping in our studies. My treatment in thl-s case has been on (1) Èhe rate of síltation (2) the original geology of the basin now silted up (3) theoríes of the origin of the basin. The area treated ls confl-ned to the Reedy Lake, Lake Conner^rarre and Great Salt Swarop. The coasÈ between Ocean Grove and Barwon Heads Bluff cones in a biÈ, discussing Dr. Halirs theory of the former course of the Banron. I hope to publish in May (Royal Soclety). NotwiÈhstandíng my lntentlon not to go deeply lnto the coastal physiography, I am of course keenly interested 1n it from the teachíng point of view, and ít was this fact.or which suggested to me that vísiting the areas with you rnight have happy results. There are a few data concerning Corio Bay whích may not be ln your possesslon, although really useful information l-s hard to get. A feature of conrmon lnterest would be the Bluff at Barwon Heads (Mt. Col-ite). Thls is a seríes of cross bedded dune limestones restlng on Newer Basalt - a flow from Mt. Duneed. The basalÈ outcrop at ordínary 1ow r^rater level , and I have always imagined that the processes of (1) fomation of dune (2) abrasion of dune could succeed the solidlficatl-on of thts lava flor¿ lnto the sea, wlthout any subsidence after (1). I see now that to do Èhis would requíre considerable fncrease in intensÍty of wlnd and wave actíon, and/or change in dlrectlon of qraves and currents, because the same forces which built up the dune on top of the 58 basalt would hardly wear it away again. The theory of subsldence does not appeal strongly but certainly seems simplest. I always píctured the Bluff, (1) (2> (3)

Dunes hlind etc. ----\ ¿ Inlaves ___> Lava

If time permit.s I wíll send you a draft of my Connewarre paper and you can see which Datters are of muÈual ínterest.

No. 84 From A. Coulson. June 2, L934 Dear Mr. Jutson, I must thank you for your encouraging remarks concerning the Connehrarre paper, which I was very glad to recelve. I regret that I had no duplleate maps, but they are such tedíous things to prepare that I was relieved Èo get then finished. Sorry to have mis-ínterpreted your signature; it is always J.T. in Èhe Royal. I see a long líst of papers to your credit in Èhe recent authorf s l-ndex. Regarding a visit to Geelong, I am endeavoring to arrange lrlth a friend who has a car to keep a Sunday clear to drive us around the coast etc. I wí1l 1et you know what date he can do thl-s - it will be quite soon, I hope. lL}/6/34 Lre to Coulson to postpone our excursion (JTJ)]

No. 85 From A. Coulson. Moonee Ponds, Vletorla. Feb. 6, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, I r¿as surprlsed and delighted to find a copy of your rnagnlficent Physiography of trIestern Australl-a bulletin walttng for me when I got home today. I have been iurnfng over its many pages ever since, and have been astounded at the emount of detail it has been possibl-e to include. It must have meant a great deal of work even in revising, let alone complling the first issue. Thank you very much for the copy; also Mr. Honman for his kfnd- ness. The work wlll be very useful to me Ín teaching geography and geology at my ner¡r school (Essendon High School) . ï{ith best wishes. 59

No. 86 From A. Coulson. Feb. 26, L935

Dear Mr. Jutson, Thank you for your letter of 23rd lnst. arrangíng to go to Barwon Heads. I would certaínly be glad to get your opinion about cerËaín things there, and would suggest that if we could select a neap tl-de occurring abouÈ midday it would afford the besÈ opportuniÈy of pickíng up the relationship of basalt to dune sandstone on the beach. It is useless to go casually as I have found out from experience. I see there are ne\^7 moons on Mar. 5 and April 3, but r¿hat tiue of day the low tide occurs I do not know. It l-s published in The A.ustralían Almanac & also in the Tide Tables but I have neither. You need have no worries regarding the hearl-ng. I handed in the revised copy of my Connewarre efforË last SaÈurday, and understand that it is now satísfactory. Copies of the paper and a rough copy of Èhe map are l-ncluded herewl-th for your examination. Unfortunately the positions of the bores are put in from memory, but are fairly correct. I include also the parish plan of Moolap showíng levels along rallway, piPe line, and Portarlington road. The daÈum for these levels is Ordinary low l{ater Corio Bay. All are corrected to this datum. Shells were unearthed along Townsonrs Road bet¡¡een Sectíons XII and XI Parish of Moolap aÈ various depths. The rail-service car arrangemenÈ would suit me. l.Iill you fix the Sunday? Any date would sult me for some time. I hope Mr. Chapman clears up the dífficulties with regard to the shells. lAckd. 28/2135 (JrJ)l

No. 87 From A. Coulson. llay 2, 1935

Dear Mr. Jutson, Many Èhanks for your cotImenËs on the Connewarre paper and for Mr. Chapmanrs list of ídentífications of the Portarllngton material. The delay has not fnconvenlenced me at all, as Dr. Stlllwell went through a copy of the draft you reeeíved, and suggested so many alterations that. I made out another, which I sent in about a week ago but have noÈ heard anythíng about since that tl-me. Possibly 1t wíll be put down to be read at the May meeting. The points you make out Èhe lava barrÍers of the Pelican Rocks tongues and at the Bluff not being long enough to compleÈely block the basins is qufte correct, and I have never imagl-ned that the sea was ever excluded from these. The Èrouble wlth me is nomenclature, "lagoon" ¡¿as the best word I could think of for these basins each with a suall channel leadíng to the sea but if 60

Pelícan Rocks

Conne- warre

Great Salt Swamp v v V VV V VV V V Bluff

you know a more exact term r would be pleased to use ít. The basalt really acted as bayside spits in the case of L. connewarre and the Great salt swamp, but r donft know whether the term is perníssib1e. In the latest draft I have pictured the original bay as having a channel running from Reedy Lake to salt Works bay thus,

channel

East Geel""g 't Leopold

Mt. Duneed origínaI I Torquay , bay Ocean Grove

i.e. a valley formed by trough-faulting or downfolding bet¡seen East Geelong and Leopold H111, call it say therrMoolap sunkrand." Mt. Doneed broke out on the western coast of thls bay, and sent out fËs lava to the E & s in the 3 tongues mentíoned. I^Ihere Èhe Barwon originally entered r do not know; it uay have been ln the "channeltt above (tceblers idea in "Lava ResLduali' paper pRSv) or along Brenm creek (ttatt & Prltchardrs "country about Anglesea, PRSV). r can see that l-f the Barwon Heads tongue were low Èhe sea would wash over 1t, but Èhe Pelican rocks tongue being inshore would suffer less eroslon by marl-ne actíon. siltation r¿ould cormence ín Lake connewarre, and later start in the Great salt swa4p, being accelerated by the growth of the dunes along the Torquay-ocean Grove stretch. hrhether these dunes are purely aeolian is a matter not yet seÈtled. r dontt see why the palae- ontologlsts canrt examine the contents carefully and gíve a decision. My own oplnion is that no submergence took place, that 61 the lower arenaceous beds of the dunes are marlne, but grade upwards inÈo true aeolian, all having been formed during one contínuous period of accumulation. You may recollect that the report PRSV on that sample of ttdune" rock dredged from Èhe entrance to Port Phillip declared t,hat, 1n view of the shelly fosslls lt contained, iÈ must have been marine in origin. The Portarl-ington shells proved interesting and I shall be happy to vísit the area agaín w1Èh you at some convenlent date. Unfortunately I have arranged to go ar¡ray this long weekend but will be free later, particularly durJ-ng the May 24th - 3rd June vacation. Perhaps I could ring you later on and fix a date. If you thlnk the effort worthwhile, I would cerÈainly be glad to help ín a joint paper on the occurrence. With best wishes.

No. 88 From A. Coulson. I{ed. 22 [no year] Dear Mr. Jutson, I Èrust that your business worries will soon adJust themselves and leave you more at leisure. hle enËer upon our holidays on Saturday next 25th inst., and return on Tuesday 4th June. The date you suggest for a vl-sit to Portarlington would suít me very well, or either next Sunday or Sunday 2nd June. Of the three I v¡ould prefer Sunday 2nd June as I could take ny bike on the EdÍna (if she stlll runs) and go on to stay at Geelong for thaÈ week-end. However any time Ís convenLent as my wife 1s going home to Beechworth for the vacaÈlon while I have arranged to stay on here to do some writing up of geologÍcal work. The amended Connewarre paper has aÈ last been accepted. I altered ít in parts in the light of your comnents. I will ring you at your offíce on Frl-day after lunch to see which day will suít us both. In the círcumstances I thlnk you should decide as I am perfectly free.

No. 89 Frorn A. Coulson. July 2, 1935

Dear Mr. Jut,son, I regret the delay in answerlng your last note but at the tíme we lrere uncertain as to our free week-ends. However the week-end after next 1s free, so if Sunday 14th inst. suits you \de might go then. Thank you for the reference to the trIarrnambool rock. I have not read 1t but w111 take the earlíest opportunlty of doíng so. At present my tl-me for research ís linlted by reason of Èwo nights per week empl-oyed ín teaching at the Workíng Menrs College. The Connelrarre paper has been accepted and wlll be published without further readíng. This explains why it did not apPear on 62 the notíce paper.

lAnsd. B/7 /35 (JrJ)l

No. 90 From A. Coulson. SepÈ. 8, 1936 Dear Mr. Jutson, I am glad to know that you have been able to resume work on the Portarlington shell-beds. The Moorabool Viaduct deposit, east bank, discovered by Mulder, is generally referred to the tr{errikoorían (Upper Pllo- cene) by Chaprnan and also by Singleton, though Èhe latter is dubious. I have collected five or six times from the deposít. It is a yellow calcareous sand, incoherent, with transParent casts (calcareous material) of fossils mainly gasteropods of the Cer- ithiurn type, some long blvalves and some oysters (not casts). I have a list whích Mr. Chapman díd for me some years ago. If I can find it I hrill include it r¿ith this letter. Offhand lt would be a litÈle risþ to correlate the two by ímpressions of the fossil fauna but Èhey certainly do resernble each other. Having searched for the llst wlthout finding it I conclude that I may have given ít to Mr. Stach. In any case the list was very similar to Mulderrs (Tatets) though the nomenclature was uodernized. You will be able to compare the list with your Port- arlington collectíon. At present I am completing my Portion of a joint paPer on the Geelong Basalts by Dr. Edwards & rnyself. tr{hen ít 1s ready I wíIl send you a draft copy for crlticism and suggestíons, if you can spare the tíme. By the way the Moorabool Viaduct East Bank deposíÈ is very llniÈed in horízontal & vertical extent and seems to occuPy a small estuary in the upper surface of the Lower Plíocene (Kalfnnan) sands.

No. 91 From A. Coulson. Sept. 2I' 1936

Dear Mr. Jutson, Your note regardlng Èhe so-called "I^Ierrlkoorian" of the ViaducÈ makes a strong polnt concernfng the age of these deposits. I donrt know why Mulder said they were Newer Pliocene but I recollect now Èhat TaÈe did say they were Pleistocene. Next. tlme I see Mr. Slngleton I will try to find out where he now thlnks the Moorabool Viaduct beds belong. I know he 1s doubtful about them. lf you have the opportuníÈy of vlsítl-ng the Moorabool Via- clucÈ locality the dírections are fairly slmple. IÈ is necessary 63

to proceed to Moorabool station (about 6 mlles from Geelong on the Ballarad líne) by traín, then walk along the rine westwards about 3/4 míLe Èo the east end of the Viaduct, then walk north along the high bank of the Moorabool Ríver about r/2 miLe and the exposure is in a private road cuttf-ng whlch runs frorn the high bank down to the rlver flats. The sand shows up clearly on this road at all seasons. Another spot, about L/4 mjj-.e further north and turnfng East up a disused metalled road, shows an outcrop on the south side of the road, but fossils are almost unobtalnable there. Díd r tell you r was promoted to portland Higher Elementary school, and will take up duty early next year? This will mean that my opportunities for field work wíll be very restricted. However I may find something to interest me dor^m there. I will do a little reading when I can. [Get out at Corio - See also Mulder's org1. deseptn. (JTJ)]

Portland, Victoria. No. 92 From A. Coulson Feb. 12, 1937 Dear Jutson, r recelved your 1eÈter and Ëhe paper today and have been very interested in the improvements. r concur with them. of course they in no way affect the matter, only the method of presentation. r think you are wise to limít the applicatlon of the idea to the PorÈ Philllp dísrríct. Your flrm stand wíth the referees (probably Singleton) should brlng definite results. rf it is passed then we have no complaints, but if rejected r will raise the point of singleton having seen the paper before iÈ was read, and of the repeated censoríng of my papers before reading. I.Ie like PorÈland very much and there are many poinÈs of geological ínterest here whfch rater on r may endeavour to puzzle out. At present vÍe are busy getÈing things shipshape, and findíng our \^ray about. r fancy r will have much more leisure tine this year ln the evenings, and after completJ-ng the geology and physiography of the Geelong area on which r am engaged, the study of the shore features here will probably be taken up. To- wards cape Bridger.raÈer there are some marvellous sand dunes and you would be very interested 1n them. Later on when r can find how Èo get to the _best spots you must come down here and r will be able to interpret them from your knowledge. By the way íf you could purloin or obtain the loan of an artícle by G. s. Griffíths 1887 The Geology of the portland Promontory 1r. & Proc. Roy. soc. vic. xxrv r ¡^rould love to kno¡s r¿hat itfs all about. 64

No. 93 From A. Coulson. Feb. 2I, 1937 Dear Jutson, It has jusË occurred to me that l-n the subdivision of Èhe post Tertiary Rocks of the PÈ. Phillip Bay distríct, we have omitted the freshwater limestones of Lara and Límeburnerfs Point, near Geelong. Pritchard (Geelong Nat. (4) 1895) regarded these as Pleistocene. They overlie the New Basalt (I/4 Shts- 19 SE & 24 NE) and are a chemical deposiÈ from the decomposed felspar of the You Yangs (at least I think so). In the scheme they would probably be Upper Pleistocene, or at the end of the middle. Do you think Èhey should be menÈioned. Regarding a paper on Portland geology which I mentíoned that you might keep an eye open for a copyr SÈillwell sent me the volume on loan yesterday and I will make an abstract of it. You will find plenty to criticíze ín iË regarding raised beaches eÈc. I have read up Chapmanrs Sorrento bore but it is a wishy washy affair on the stratf-graphic side and as far as I can make out he will swear to only Èhe Holocene Kalímnan and Miocene fossils. I donrt see anything in it to uPset our PaPer. I see on p. 146 of the A & S ReporÈ for 1935 that Singleton regards the Portland Ostrea limestone as post-VJerrikooian. Griffírhs in his Portland paper (1887 Roy. Soc. Vic.) classed the oyster bed as Lliocene. This seems to need checking up. Another thing which may stimulate me Èo do a bit is that \^/erre not very far from Dartmoor and the type area of the llerrikooian. If you can get a localíÈy plan of the deposiÈ from Singleton or Caldwell of Èhe Survey, I would like to have it to go by. Another thing I must look at is the Muddy Creek section.

[Rec'd. 27 /2/37 (JrJ) ]

No. 94 From A. Coulson. Apríl 10, L937 Dear Jutson, Thanks for your leËter of 7th instanÈ with iËs interesting enclosures. I aro glad Èhat printing is going on saÈisfactorily, and thaÈ no great alterations have been required. Only ,one pol-nt arises upon which I would conment. ThaÈ l-s in regard to the Newer Basalt in íts relations wiÈh the dune limestone. hfhíle I am prepared to agree thaÈ in the Geelong district the Newer BasalÈ fs always inferior Èo the dune límestone, and believe that this relationship holds for the Port Phillip Bay district generally, iÈ is not true for thís Portland districÈ' where there ís definite evidence in the cliffs of Nelson Bay of interbedding and intrusion. Though even here the bulk of the Newer Basalt underlies the dune rocks. (cf. Gríffiths paper) Fifty copies of the paper will be ample for my requiremenÈs. Thanks for your efforts to obtain a map of the l,Ierrikooian de- 65

posfts for me. I have a fair idea of the DarËmoor-SÈrathdowníe area as a result of a recent visit and SingleËon has promfsed to Post me hls detailed maps, so please dontË go to any further trouble in the natter. It is gratifying to know that Caldwellrs naps will be published. I have been having a look at the lithological types :mong the Newer Basalts here and would say at a first guess that there are at least six varieties recognízable in hand speeímens. The relationshíp of the Ostrea limestone to the underlying Miocene limestone and overlying Newer Basalt j-s also interesting ln view of síngletonrs statements on the relation of the ostrea limestone to the l.Ierrikoorian. To me it still appears probable that the basal beds of much of the dune liuestone-sandsËone formaÈion are shallow-water narine, and that the beds become progressively more aeolian in orígin as they ascend. However I am takíng things very easy dorn¡n- here and find Èhat the rest is doing me good. Life moves aË a uuch slower pace than in the city. During May vacatíon I will look you up Íf the opportunity arises. Best wishes. [Ansd. rs/s/37 (JrJ)]

No. 95 From A. Coulson. NIay 22, 1937 Dear Jutson, I regreE that your last letter has remained so long unan- sr¡ered. In Ëhe círcumstances I think that your reading of Èhe proofs will be quite suffícient, and unless you particularly want, to read them I think it would be a wast,e of Èime to send them down here. Regardlng Èhe separates, your suggestion regardlng a list of those to whom we would boÈh be sendíng coples ís a good idea. I would be sendl-ng reprinÈs to: Prof. Skeats, Mr. Singleton, Mr. Chapman, Mr. Keble, Mr. BaragwanaÈh, Dr. Hills, Dr. Edwards, & Dr. Stillwell. So if you could take 4 out of my baËch of copies and Ínscribe them suitably as from both of us, it would save the dupllcatlon. The local weather l-s now justtfying tts wínter reputation - light rain nearly ,every day. However one gets used to it and outdoor activities do not suffer. r t,rust you and you¡s are weIl.

lre to Coulson 1 Í4/9/37 that I only wanted 2 - one ro Chapnan- & to Sgleton - sent out Ín our Jol-nt names & tf he has t ? l Singleton then wld send to Chapman. (JTJ)I 66

No. 96 From A. Coulson April 1' 1938 Dear Jutson, HerewíÈh is a ner¿ draft of a paper on some asPects of the physíography of the Geelong district. It ís that paper I did last year - fn another form. Stillwell turned that. down on the ground that much of it was not original. ThaÈ I^Tas so, because I hoped to make it a general account whlch would be useful for puplls. However t.hat slas not to be. i{ilI you criticize this draft freely. It is rather rough buÈ you know the dtstrict well enough to follow Èhe details. I would be glad to receive iÈ back ín two or three weeks but dontt hurry if you are busy wl-th other matters. I Erust you are wel1.

[Ask Coulson if he will ex:mlne some of the pitted & non-pitted rock forms. Lre Ackg. 24/4/38 (JTJ)l

No. 97 From À. Coulson. May 20, 1938 Dear Jutson, I was very glad to receive your letÈer today and to note the careful manner in which you have criticl-zed the paPer. IÈ will be of considerable help to me in the final draft. At present Èhe paper ís being "referred" Èo determine lts suitabítity for pub- llcaÈion. I wrote another draft after sendlng you the earlier one, and alÈered the form and matÈer somewhat. The section on ttstructure of Jurassicstt was practically omitted, except for a small skeÈch map showing dips etc. (I an saving these data for a future PaPer on the Otway Ranges - their structure. ) I will go further Ínto the doming of the Jurassíc and the bathyuretríc evidence of shore lines. The sectíon dealing wíth faults has been rerrritten to bring in the evldence of age, and whether fault scarp or faulÈ line scarp. I w111 check up the references, which \.rere mostly from memory in your draft. There ís good evldence of rejuvenation fn the Otways, and I have made more of it ln the later draft. The lllustraÈions have. been reduced to 1 large map of Èhe Draínage System, and a couple of smal1 sketch maps to lllustrate the faulting. I have hopes that lt wlll go through without the írritat,ing delays that have lately been part of the procedure of getÈing things publÍshed 1n che IProceedings] . lfe are on the eve of May school vacation and tomorrohT we start for Adelaide by car. lle are looking forr^rard to this holt- day as our Xmas uras marred by the death of our 3 months old son at Beechworth. I have been accumulating data regarding the relatlon of the dune limestone, dune sands and New Basalts here, Partlcularly 67

in regard to the amount and age of the uplíft. I^Ihen I arn a blt clearer on some points I would like you to come down and I could show you the more interesting localíties. Hor¡ever h7e can arrange that later. Thanks agaln for your help.

[Acknowledeed 28/ 5/38 (JTJ)]

No. 98 From F. A. Craft. Maroubra, New South l{ales. April 14, 1936 Dear Mr. Jutson, Under separate cover, I am for¡¿arding reprints of some of rny more recent papers, and I will have much pleasure in sendíng others as Ëhey appear. At present, I am engaged on the preparation of a paper relaÈing to the river behaviour, run-off, and general classification of stream flows of south-eastern Australía, but this has little chance of appearing for some months yet. In additíon, when time allows another visiÈ to Lake George, I hope Ëo complete another account of that feature for publication as I disagree entirely with the current hypothesis relaÈing to its orlgin. I shall value any reprínts which you are able to send along, as ï have to rely on library copies for present use.

[Recd. 20/4/36. Ackd. 2L/4/36 (JrJ)] ISend ld.A. Phys. & other reprints (JTJ)]

No. 99 From I{. Crawford. Gisborne, Víctoria. SepÈ. 9, 1940 Dear Mr. Jutson, I have pleasure in forwardíng you a copy of the Physio- graphy of the Gisborne Highlands and one of the copies of the Cainozoic Volcanic Rocks of Gísborne Dl-strict. In a few days I shall forward you some not.es concerníng matters which consídera- tions of space and the want of sufflcient evidence prevented me from enlarging upon in the published paper. In answer to yirur question I regard the sentence referred t,o as a general statement and, while possíbly superfluous, qulte accurate. In the partfcular case of the lava flow running souÈh from Mt. Bullengarook, inmedíately following the extrusion of the lava the drainage formerly flowíng dornrn the valley occupíed by Èhe lava reconsÈltuted ítself as a paír of lateral streams. I think this ansr^rers your questlon. I can find nothing in Èhe text to indicate that Èhe reconstitution is nor.r takl-ng place. lAnsd. LOlg/4O. Reprints 1re ackd. Desl-re to know - 68

(1) Are the headwaters of these tr4ro Post-lava streams quite d1s- Èinct from each other (2) I{here do these headwaters occur (3) I{here were the headwaters of the oríginal stream (4) Is Èhere any connection between the oríginal headwaters & the headr¡aters of the present streams. Glad to hear from you if you have time to write. I am anxious to ascertain the exact conditions under which these lateral streams develop since that knowledge may be helpful elsewhere. (JTJ) ]

No. 100 From l{. Crawford. SepÈ. 13, 1940 Dear Mr. Jutson, In reply to your letter of the 10th inst. I am sendlng you herewith a rough map of part of the Bullengarook area which may be helpful if used in conjunction wíth the Physiog. naP and that attached to the "Cainozoic Volcanic Rocks." You will see by it r"rhat I consider to have been the course of what I have called the 'tI^lestern Branchtt of the t'Ancient Bullengarook Risett which occupied the pre-basalt valley running south at Mt. Bullengar- ook. I may add to the evidence regardl-ng the course of this pre- basalt stream which I have given on page 269 of the Physiography the following: - (1) Dr. Edwards'work has sho¡vn that the basalt on the east of the gravel ridge running northeast from Dokoney's Corner, is of a different type from that to the west of the rídge. I was not a\úare of this at the time of wrlting the paper and the two rocks resemble each other in hand specimens. (2) The difference in level of the basalt to the east and that to the west of the gravel rídge and whích I estlmate Èo be abouË 65 ft. (3) The tortuous course to the east, across the strike taken by Jacksonrs Creek. This is r^¡ell shown on Quarter Sheet 6 S.I^1. On Ëhe whole I think the evidence ls almost conclusive that the course of the old river r^ras as I have given it in the Physlography. This answers your quesËion regarding the headwaters of the original stream. At or shortly following the cornmencement of volcanic activity the valley of this old stream was completely blocked by volcanic eruptions at Hairers Híll and/or Mt. Bullengarook and by a flow of Olígoclase basalt - hrhich took a course Èo the 4ortheast along the old valley, and diverted t.he draínage to an entirely new course ahray to the east. Thts ansr^rers 1n the negative your fourÈh questl-on t'Is there any connectíon between the original headwaters and the headwaters of the present streams." The headwaters of Èhe western lateral are as shown on the enclosed map. ScotÈyts Gu1ly deepens very abruptly right at iÈs conmencement. This abrupt deepenlng is a feature of roany gullies ln the díctrict, notably of those eastern tributarys [sic] of Èhe Pyrete Creek heading near the Gisborne-Melton Rd. The head of 69

Goodmanrs Creek with NuggeÈy Gully and Knockemdown Gully may date back to pre-basalt times. The eastern lateral t'Dunnts Gullytt cosmenced between Mt. Bullengarook and Hairers Hill and skirttng Mt. Bullengarook contlnued south as a lateral to the lava flow. I donrt thínk it received any tributaries from the east. Therefore the headr¿aters of the Èr^ro post-basalÈ streâms are quite dístincÈ from each other. I think Cataract Gully couunenced by some concentration of drainage on the southern slope of Mt. Bullengarook which entrenched itself as a creek near the centre of the lava field which slopes to the south but is f airly leve1 f rom east to r^rest. You will notice that on the map attached to the "Cainozoic Volcanic Rocks" only definite outcrops of basalt are shown. In many places the basalt is covered by 10 or 12 ft. of soi1. If there are any further matters on whl-ch you desire information I shall be pleased to help to the best of ny ability.

P.S. I would like to warn against taking the sÈaÈement on p. 286 of the "CainozoÍc Volcanic Rocks" Ëhat there l-s a suggestlon of a slight downward movenenË of the block to the souÈh at more than íts face va1ue. Other causes may have contributed such as the piling up of the lava at a bottle neck or the more rapid wearing down of a narrohr ridge. I,Í.C. [Ansd. Lt/9/40 (JrJ)]

No. 101 From l^1. Crawford. Sept. 30' 1940

Dear Mr. JuËson, In fulfilment of my promise I enclose some further noÈes on the Gisborne area. "The Gisborne Fau1tt' - Earlier accounts show this fault extending east in a straight line and dying out to\,üards Sunbury (Fenner 1918. Harris & Crawford 1921). I think ít turns north near Toolem Vale and dies out on sone high ground in be- Èereen three and four ml-les. This suggests thaÈ Summersr first alternative expl-anatíon of the course of the Greendale FaulÈ may be correct. (the Geol. of the Bacchus'Marsh and Colmadai Distríct L923, p. 3) There seems to be a deep lndentatlon ln the Gisborne block N.N.l{. of Toolem Vale, r¡hile the Ord. hílls N.E. of the township stand out like a promontory. This may be unusual in a fault but I can see no other explanation. I think, frorn the present levels that Ëhe throw of the "Gisborne Fault" \ras at leasÈ as great near Toolem Vale as towards the west. Fenner states (tgtg, p. 234) that the throw is greatest in the west and becomes much less as we proceed eastward. If that is the case the Pyrete Creek, in its S.tr{. reach' ran for several nileé towards the hl-gher ground across the strike of the Ord. beds 70

and maintained its course in that direction. This ¡¡ould not require explanation l-f the movement r{ere one of the sinking of the land to the south of the t'faultttand not of uplift of the Gísborne block. The Bullengarook Gravel:- The lar gest pebbles I have found in Gisborne township measured about 5 inches 1ong, the najorlty are 2 inches or less. On Èhe roadside near the Brucedale entrance I have measured one 15t' long but as iÈ \¡/as a loose boulder it may have been brought from a distance but boulders nearly a foot long are fairly corîmon on the roadside and fn the paddock east of Brucedale and south of the Bacchus Marsh Rd. At the Gravel Pit, out of a consíderable number thro¡,¿n aside, the largest boulders measured about 18" or 20". Most of these large boulders have since been removed. On the road north of the State Quarry Creek and about 1 nÍle N.I{. of Dohoneyrs Corner a few large boulders were dug ouÈ by some prospector; the largest of these measured just under 2 feet and they were well rounded. These have also mostly been removed. The absence of igneous pebbles seems to indicate that no glacial material existed in the area from whence Èhe gravel was derlved. One would expect to find pebbles of dacíte from Mt. Macedon in the gravel ¡¿hich occurs at the Old Racecourse Híll at I.rloodend but I thínk that igneous pebbles are absent. Ienner states (1918, p. 233) that the Glsborne block slopes Èowards the east. I think Èhat this eastward slope is due mainly to erosíon by an ancient rlver corresponding to the Marybyrnong River and iÈs branches. In this connecËion it rnay be useful to consider the 50 or 60 square miles lyíng between the Macedon and Cobaw Ranges and dralned by Èhe Deep Creek or Saltwater River. This area does not appear to have been affected by ariy movements of elevation or depression or if 1t was so affected it $Ias as a whole. The bed rock belongs to the Darriwill subdivision of the Lower Ord. and the present physical features seem to be due solely Èo erosion. The area has been described and mapped by Skeats and Summers. Their map well shows the maturely eroded low lyfng Ordoviclan portions with Èhe amount of alluvium along the creeks and gulll-es. The hlghest bed rock is at Ïilestern Hill L94O ft. Elserrhere the bedrock averaged, I should say, about 1650 ft. The Cobaw Ranges and the Black Ranges are well over 2000 ft. I enclose a tracing of portíon of the area between Cobaw and Rockford. Nórth of McAllisterrs Rock there is a hill of anorthoclase trachyte. The triangul-ar block of land to the N.E. of this hill 1s known as Table Híl1 Farm and this name ís, or may conveníently be applled Èo the whole hil-l. On the flat portion of the hill, where Ëhe bare rock is exposed 1n places, it has straighË vertical joínts a few inches apart. Elsewhere, and at the edges the trachyte ls in massive írregular blocks. The juncÈíon between the Èrachyte and the Ord. is covered with soll and is nowhere exposed. Along the junetl-on on the N.E. of the hill there are four petruanenÈ springs at about Èhe seme level and faírly evenly spaced. These 7L are the only springs I know of in the district wlth the exceptíon of Èhe spring at the Hanging Rock picnic ground and one or t\¡ro springs or seepagss emorigst the volcanic rocks of the Jjrn JÍn. The bottom of the Long Gully is, as a rough estimate, about 70 ft. below the leve1 of the sprfngs and ít seems probable that the average level of the Ord. rocks has not been reduced by more than half that amount since the eruption of the trachyte. Table Hill and the Long Gully are shown a good deal out of their true position on Quarter Sheet 5 S.!1. I have used the names by which the creeks are known in the district and these differ from the published maps. It seems probable that the e>ristence of the springs is due to (1) The flat surface of the trachyte affording a gathering ground for the r.rater. (2) The vertical Joints allowing it to penetrate through the rock and (3) Èhe Ðristence on the surface of Èhe Ord. under the Ërachyte of shallow evenly spaced gullÍes trendíng N.E. and that a maln streâm exl-sted in the posl-tion of the Deep Creek. It also seems probable that, untll it rn¡as broken up by faulÈing etc., this maturely eroded terraln extended far to the \,¡est. Sínce the time when the area was worn lo¡¿er than the Macedon and Cobaw Ranges Èhe drainage must have gone either to the r¡rest, or, much more probably, south as at present. The point which I ¡¿ish to bring out is that durl-ng the period of time necessary to reduce the level of the surface by some hundreds of feet, a creek exlsted in the posltion of the Deep Creek or Saltr{ater River and that it had a tributary ín the positíon of Jacksonrs Creek and the Riddellrs Creek takíng the drainage from the southern slope of the Macedon Ranges.

No. IO2 From T. trI. E. Davl-d. Sydney, New South l{ales. The University of Sydney Nov. 4, l-.91-9 My dear Jutson, No one, as far as I am ahrare, is writing a textbook on Èhe Economic Geology of Australla. I quite agree that such a work is a desíderatum, and I for one would welcome such a work from your- se1f. I have been much interested ín runnlng through the papers by yourself whlch you have been good enough to send me. With some of then I was familiar already; for example your paper 1n the Geogr. Journ. for December 1919 I had the pleasure of readlng when at the ülestern Front. I congratulate you heartJ-ly on 1t as well as on your other important contributions Èo our geological knowledge. Your accounts of the evolution of topography under sub-arid conditions are most interestlng and valuable. I am writing a textbook on the Geology of Australia, but it only l-ncídentally touches on the Economic side , so that your work trould not l-n any rray clash with mine. Please remember me very ktndly to Messrs. Gibb Maltland, 72

Dr. E.S. Símpson, C.S. Honman and Blatchford (if he ls still wlth you. Believe me.

No. 103 From I{. M. Dayis Cambridge, Massachusetts, U. S.A. June 20, 1913 Dear Sir, Your letter of May 8th and your paper on Èhe Yarra ríver... are both recel-ved and read with interest. I have pleasure ín sending you a package of some recent artícles, among which I trust you wíll find what you h7ant. It is a satisfaction Èo send papers where they are in some degree wanted. If you have opportuníty of studying the evolution of desert forms, I shall be partícularly glad to know what conclusíons you reach. Since my paper on the Aríd Cycle, I have seen very l1ttle applicaËion of the scheme Èhere outlíned; yet feel that ít ís substantially correct; and that if it is not applied, it is chíefly because of lack of informatíon on the part of the possíble applier. In case you read German, my recent book, "Die erklärende Beschreibung der Landformen" (Leípzig, Teubner, J9l-2> whlch em- bodies the lectures that I gave at Berlln as visiting professor 1n 1908-09, will be useful in giving a much fuller statenent of my views than anythlng that has been previously publtshed. Regarding methods of presentation, a subject to which I am giving special attention just now, and one on which I lectured in Paris as visiting professor at the Sorbonne, 1911-12, you will fínd a- number of notes in uy package of papers; I am contributing these notes every few months to the Bulletin of the American Geogr. Society l-n New York, ín the hopes of awakening attention to a phase of geographical work that ís too commonly neglected. May I say that ít is particularly regarding the plan of presentaÈ1on of your paper on the Yarra rÍver...that I should líke to send you some conments; for while your results of lnvestigation seem well supported, I do not fínd it easy to discover just what they are, because of certain feaÈures of your method of presentatlon. My chlef difficulties are:- fírst, your assumpÈ1on that your readers know a good deal of your dístrícÈ; perhaps some local readers do know eno to understand tt; but not one distant reader ín 100 can be expected to know the thíngs which you assume known; and hence such readers, who I think are entitled to much conslderation from an author, remain in difficulties or uncert- aintles. For example; there is not, at the outset, ânY suffic- lent account of the general rock-structure of your district - yet upon thaÈ structure all your o

or ten lines on that topic r¿ould be helpful. Second, youï use of local names (mountains, streams, víllages) as guídes to physiographic features. Tor s¡ample, p. 471, t'thls river rl-ses near Mt. Baw Bavr.rt The n¡me ls utterly unknown to me; so 1s the locatíon of the river source. Neither one locates the other. I find Mt. Ba¡,r Baw on one of your outline maps, ín- conspl,cuously printed; buÈ no reference in the text to that maP at the point quoted. So regardÍng Killara and Healesville; it ís like the blind leading the blind, to locate unknown physiographic elements in te:ms of equally unknown local place names. Yet this is a very co îon procedure; I fínd l-t in nearly every geographical arÈicle on regíonal subjects. It is I believe fundamentally wrong. A more logical and undersÈandable method would be, to begin with the larger physiographic elements, characterize them in explanatory fashion at once, and lllustrate then by a simple outline map (with few place names) printed on same page with the texË; betËer than a map is a simple block diagrarn. The reader thereby becomes possessed of the chíef guídes to all other locaÈions. Then ín later paragraphs, always using carefully the same n¿rmes as those given in this first description, gradually expand the statement, untí1 as many details are introduced as desired; and finally, 1o- cate villages (if they ought to be located) by their relatÍon Èo the physiographic features, large or small, already descríbed. The cause of this dífficulty seems to be, that the auÈhor of a paper knows the local place nâmes well; and then assumes Èhat hís readers must know thern also; or else that his readers rnust look for them on a map if they do not know them. Perhaps the readers ought to do thís; but as a matter of fact, most readers have many other thíngs Ëo do also; and few of them have patJ.ence or Èíme to look up unknown and unímportant village names, as a means of unravellíng a physiographic descríptlon. So Íf I could now take the time I rnight go on, indícaËing to you the kind of difficulties that stand in the way of readily acquiring the gist of your artÍcle. Let me turn for a few minutes Ëo the summary. Evídently it is a true surrmary, not an lntro- duction plaeed at the end; for iÈ cannoË be understood by any one who has not read the preceding pages. In just thís feature, it is disappointing; it involves too many local names to be read ln terms of physiographÍc types. The whole paper would be much more easily read, if a surrmary \^rere presented at the begLnning, and so phrased that, wíth ald of imnediately accompanying block diagram, It could be easlly understood by the reader, without turning to any other source of l-nformation. Such an introductíon might be addressed to distant readers, and thus the prlde of knowledge on the part of your local readers would noË be offended. Another polnt: your treatment of I'physlography" ls vety largely ecological, ín the sense thaË you descríbe ho¡¿ the exisÈ- lng features have been brought about by past action of processes on structures; ínstead of being (what I eall) truly physlographíc, in the sense of describing the exlstíng features in terms of thelr origin. It is of course perfectly fair for every author to suit 74 hinself in this matter; but it appears pretty clear to me that many authors, in thinkíng that Èhey are describing the existing geographical features, really deceive themselves and embarrass their geographical readers, by placing most of the emphasis on what was once there, instead of on what is there. The attentlon of the reader is easily distracted frou the present to the past; and when the explanatory description of the origin of exísting features involves a rather conplicated set of past changes, the readerrs attention is apt to remain in the geological past instead of dwelling chiefly in the geographical present. Having been an active sinner in this respecÈ in my own earlier writings, I am now tryíng to make amends. In this connection, please consider the meÈhod used in:ny artl-cle on the Front range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. This is a very hastíly r,¡ritten letter; I have not time just no\r to nake it more careful. Two of my friends ln your part of the world have written ue that I am to be invited to accompêny the British Assocrn. next year in the vislÈ to Australia, and lf that proves true I shall hope to have opportunity of meeting you personally. I^Iould l-t be possible, if I stayed over a month, for me to see your part of the country? One thing more; the arrival of your neÌs postage stamps causes some excitement anong the boys who come Èo my desk drawer in search of new specimens; if you could lay aside Èhose that are usually thrown away and send me a hundred or È\,ro, iÈ would be a Ineans of giving much pleasure.

Let me add a few lines on a practical matËer relating Èo geographícal descriptlons. Many artlcles - my oqrn among them - gíve so much attention Ëo the analysls and explanaÈion of origin, that the plain description ís "sno\n¡ed under" (as I may well say today, when we are suffering the fourth snorù storm this montht all our sÈreets being much obstructed already). The difficulty here is, that persons who refer to such articles for concise acóounts of the existing features do not find then; but find ln- stead pages of discussion on how the existing features have been produced. There is no sclentific objectíon to those pagesi but practically they shd be preceded or supplemented with a good account of the districÈ as it exists - couched either in empiri- cal or (as I greatly prefer) in explanatory phrases. Then the hístorían or economl-st who wants to base his work on the secure ground of geography will fínd what he wanÈs; novr, too often, he flnds what he does not want and cannot find in available forn what he wants and what he really ought to find prepared for hís use. I nention thls because, from much reading in geographical journals, and from occaslonal conference with my geographlcal colleagues, the prínciple involved does noÈ seem to be sufflc- lently recognízed. One of the best lnstances l-n whl-ch 1t l-s recognízed is an article by Ogllvie in the January Geographl-ca1- 75

Journal, on Macedonia; a really excellent pl-ece of work. It 1s exceptíonally intelltgible; and for that reason 1t l-s probably correct. In contrast wíth it¡ mzty be instanced a continued article by Preller, on the ancient lake basins of central ltaly, in the May and June Scottlsh Geogr. Ylagazíne for 1919; beJ-ng a geologist, Preller is constantl-y telling what took place in the Past, yet ín such a v/ay as not to reveal what exists in the present, as to land forms. I^Ihen attention ís thus dfrected to features that exist, opportunity will be found to describe then in much more detail than ís generally allowed them; for the accounts of dístricts that are analysed and explained, are generally so brl-ef, so nuch gener- alized, that detaíls are lost. Yet without such details, the descríption ís defectÍve. The details shd lnclude not only ex- anples of all kinds of forms, but also quantitative statements concerning then; for explanatory deseriptions are usually only gualitative. If you have time and inclínation, I shd like to hear from you on the points here raised. I^I.M.D.

No. L04 From l{. M. Davís. Oct. 24, I9l-7 Dear Mr. Jut.son, By thJ-s nail I am sending you two packages of papers, including Èwo copíes of Physíographíc Bulletín no. 1 of the Natl. Highways Associatíon - which I am glad to learn, by your letter of Sept. 10, has come Èo your distant notl-cel The address of the Assocn. is South Yarmouth, Mass. Its president, Chas. H. Davis 1s ny nephew - The Assocn. prints a large amount of matter on ttGood Roads" - I am asking that a selection be senÈ to you. Among all your papers you will find that Coral Reefs occupy the most pages. Since ury Pacific Journey of. I9L4 I have tho't of líttle else - except the fearful war - but as I am too old to take a part there, the reefs are my refuge & distraction! One result of my studies is the persuasi-on that Èhe method of invest- ígation of coral reefs has not been properly standaxdlzed. The simple fact that practically all reef limestones at sea level are as well as elevated, fringing as well as barríer, l1e uncomfor¡n- ingly onasl surface of subaerial- erosion , sufflces to give great probabílity to Darwin s theory of subsidence, yet very few observers have noted thls significant point. If you ever have a chance to see the reefs of the northern coast of Australla, I shrd l1ke very much to know what you make of them. I{lth strong hopes for an early & victoríous conclusion of Ëhe war, and with best ¡¿l-shes for your work, I am. 76

No. 105 From I^1. M. Davis. Aprtl 7, L9I8

Dear Mr. JuÈsont Your letter of Jan. 26 reached me a short Èime ago - not long after I had had the pleasure of reading your valuable paper on W. Australia* Ín the December number of the Geographical Journal - so that your anxiety on that ground ls now wlthdrawn. I arn glad that your fears proved foundless - for I also had gal-ned the impression that the present administration of the Society is not on physiographic lines - and I am relieved to see that Èhe impression is w-rong. There is little doubÈ that the Geogrl. Revíew of the Aner. Geogrl. Socty, N.Y., would accePt your articles - and I hope you will heed their advíce. The Review is improved in many l¡7ays ovel the former Bulletl-n. Some of my recent coral reef papers go to you by thls nail' I have a vast aroount of MS prepared for a fínal rePort on my voyage of 1914 across the Pacifíc, when I visited 35 reef encírcled islands - but war work had seÈ that all aside for some months back A Handbook of Nn ance has taken most of my tlme for half a yeat. ; t comes out this week. S one 30 of my friends have contrio-uted nearly $3000 for l-ts publicaÈ1on - & it ís going out, free, to officers In 32 camps. Now I have begun a small guídebook to Aíxles Baiers in the French Alps, the recreatíon camp for our soldiers on vacatíon. That wíll take 2 mos. more. The Appalachlan Club & its members have given $300 for publishing 1000 copies for free distribution by the Y.M.C.A. at Al:<. Plenty more \^lork to follow. I^Iith best wishes for your \^rorkr some of which I hope to see ln our journals - (Geogr. Review or Amer. Jl. Sc1. - or Jl. of Geology) - believe me. *I think your view of subaerial eroslon ís better supPorted than Mtgyts vler¿ of maríne abrasion - but wlsh that both of you would argue out, more fu1ly the reasons for your belief I

No. 106 From I{. M. Davis. May 10, 1919 Dear Professor Jutson, For such must now be your title, under your ner¡l address. I trust you w111 enJoy the opportunity of teachlng; and let ne add that I hope you wíll sttive to develop a serious study of geography as well as of geology. It. may ínterest you to knor¡ that we are t¡orkl-ng in that direction here with some determínatíon. You may fínd it to your advantage Èo assoclate the geographical studies that Èhe Universl-ty permíts you to develop, wl-th the deparÈ- ments of history and econqmfcs, even more closely than with that of economics. My remarks on NE France and the I.Iar at Èhe Amer. Phil . Soc. a year ago are entirely lncluded in the Handbook of N. France, 77

which you have seen. Let me say in thaÈ connection that the fund of $2850 which I gathered from my friends to ensure the publícation of the little book has been returned to the contributors in fu1l, from the profits of sales: - about 161000 copies printed¡ 4000 given to our officers, free of cost; 6000 boughÈ by the YMCÀ for theír army huts in France; and the remainder sold to the public - largely for offícers, I believe. Not bad! Last October I started on a "Inlestern Germany" for the VJar Department; but my plan \^/as too elaborate; and after delaying with an unfinished MS till February, it was given up, on telegra- phie orders from I,trashington. So I set Ít asíde, and began, that sFme morning, to hrork again on my Coral reef report - a vast affair, which must be finÍshed before other tasks are undertaken. But other tasks have a way of dropping on me; it is hard to avoid them. Your art.icles in the Royal Socíety of Victoria make a good case for your dry lakes. Have you seen an able article of Lavl- sonts on desert forms, pubd. by the Univy. of Calif.? He does not consider wind action at all; and yet explains the features of our arid SI{ very well wiÈhout. it. However, I think he ought to have gíven the wínds a chance in the playa areas, even tho it ís of líttle value on the gravel slopes. I an sendíng you Èwo more coral reef papers by this mall. The one from the 8u11. GSA pleases its author rather more Ëhan anything he has yet written. I cannot see ho\.r any other theory than Darwinrs has a ghost of a chance; but of course Darwinrs must be nodífied in a subordinate \üay by changes of ocean level, of which he made only passLng mentíon. But the diversity of changes of level in Fij i show that island movements have had much more to do with deÈermining opportunity for reef growth than changes of ocean level. And the absence of spur end cliffs excludes the idea that the pre-exisÈent reefs hrere cut away during the glacíal period. Few persons seem to see the argument that establishes this conclusion; it is in bríef ;- If the present embaymenÈs of t.he Socíety Island, of Ponape, etc. (a11 in rnid-Pacific), represent valleys that were deepened below presenÈ sea level when the ocean was lowered ín the glacial period, and if the corals \^rere then killed and Èhe reefs cut away, the sea must have cut great clíffs on the spur ends; for the sea is much more energetic in cuttÍng clíffs than small streams are in deepening Èheír valleys; and small sÈreams are more energetlc in deepening their valleys than the weather is in widening them. Yet the valleys, nortr embayed, are ¡¿idened as well as deepened; but the spur ends are usually not clifti hence the reefs cannot have been cut a\,ray, and hence the corals hrere not killed. Q.E.D:

No. 107 From lI. M. Davis. Sept. 23, 1919

Dear Mr. Jutson, Your interesting letÈer of July 17 reached me during a 78

vacatÍon absence from Cambridge on the hills of cenÈral Massa- chusetts, where daily ganes of golf interfered rnost pleasantly wíth ¡outine work. Now I am at home again, and in view of ny posítion as a retired professor, to be 70 years old nect Tebruaryt there is more work ahead and on hand than I can well accompllsh. Your corîments on my e

No. 108 From l,tr. M. Davis. Feb. 24, L92O Dear Mr. Jutson, Your very friendly letter of Dec. 19 reached me the day after my seventieth birthday, to which you \,¡ere kind enough to make cordial reference. The most surprising thing about that advanced event was its easy accomplishrnent. I never used to have the least idea that being seventy l¡ras so nuch líke being almost anyÈhing else. Indeed, being 25 and 30 was much more difficult, in the sense of having responsibilÍties to meet then that were harder than anything that I have to meet, no\^r. You mention a possible visit to Europe. If you make that journey and cross the Uníted States on Èhe way, do noÈ fail to let us see you; but avoid the months of July, August and September' as many of us are âway from home then, eíther in the f,ield at work, or in country villages on vacaÈion. The habít of goíng ouÈ of town for a time in the sunmer is increasing; and I am glad to say that it is extending to the working classes, at least Èo the tradesmen, tho not yet to the laborers. The latter class are beconing very Èyrannous, wíth theír unions and their stríkes i they seem to Pre- fer a labor autocracy to a general democracy. You are kind enough to refer to the gratification that an old professor may feel on looking back over what he has accom- plishedi but someho\^r, my usual feeling in looking back, is to regret that I faíled Èo do so many things that were plainly in the line of my work. As a teacher here, I failed to interest large classes, as I rnight have done by lecturing, for example, on the history of exploration, a subject Ín ¡+hich many studenÈs ought to be instructed, as a means of encouraging them to go out and see the world. But at the time when such lectures might have been given, I was so busy trying to learn how to teach plain physical geography that there \^ras rea11y no time for anythLng eIse. The French have a saying:- He r¿ho does noÈ know regrets' does not know ll-fe. So I Èry to take ít as a maÈter of course that in reviewing the past, many lost opportunities should be in síght now, tho out of sight - out of my síghÈ - then. And there truly are re\^7ards on the other side of the account; noÈ the least of Èhem being such letters as yours. You will remember how the atmospheric v¡aves, excíted by the explosion of KrakaÈoa in 1883 ran around the earth and back to their source in a few hours: a wonderful event. And yet, it is Èo me hardly less wonderful that a young fellow, whom I used to know as "I^líllie Davisr" has made his voice, a much feebler sound than the explosíon of Krakatoa' heard around the world; and that the echoes of it come back to hlu. Not ín a few hours; that would be too quJ.ck; buÈ in the course of a score of years. Not long ago, I had a letÈer from a Swíss topographer, Robert Helblíng, who has done some fine work ín the southern Andes and publJ-shed an excellent account of it; he was good enough to say that he had used my methods of analysing the mountain landscaPe' and with much success and benefit. Again, an essay on Norway by a Swede, whose nâme escapes me, adopts the scheme of the cycle of erosion; and states that \rithout it the recognltlon and inÈerpre- Èatíon of the Norwegian land forrns would have been impossible. These are the "echoes" that give me much gratÍfication. 80

Another sort of echo comes from geographical socletíes in honorary memberships and medals; and only this afternoón a cable- gr¡m is receíved from Stockholn, stating thaÈ the Geographical Society of that city has awarded me its Vega gold medal, estab- líshed forty years ago in honor of the círcumnavlgation of the old world by Nordensklold. There fs a somewhat amusing aspect Èo Èhis sort of honor, in that the unlversities of the ünlted States have thus far got along wlthout conferring any honorary degree upon me, tho four foreign universiËies have done so. I feel regret at this, chiefly because it Èestifíes to the little develop- menÈ of geography in this iounÈry as compared to the countries of Europe. The presidenÈs of nost of our universÍties do noÈ recog- r.ize geography as a university subject. There is another aspect still to this matter of honorary distinctions. The work that meriÈs them is usually done before níddle lífe; afterwards, one continues on Èhe momentum previously acquired, doing less and less, instead of more and uore. l{hat a piÈy the rewards cannot be given aÈ Èhe time when the work is hardest! tt reminds me of an old stone bridge.over uhe Tíber betr,reen Perugía and Assízi; the rl-ver is but little below the inter- nont basin plain that lj-es between the two towns, the brídge must rlse ln a hlgh arch in order to give it span enough to cross the ríver. Hence the wagons, that horses can easily draw along the level road, are only with great difficulty dragged up to the crown of the arch; but once there, descent Ëo the other side is easy enough. It is on arrivl-ng at the crown Èhat. t,he horse should be praised; not r¡hen he descends easily to the farther side. So wl-th old professors. They rc'member the hard work that had to be done in reaching niddle life; and everythíng afÈerwards seems easy in eomparl-son; but the rewards come when Èhe work Ís easy instead of when lt vlas hard. However, this ís noÈ said ín com- plaínt, by any means; 1È 1s simply a half-amused reflecÈíon on the distributíon of things. Turníng noqr to coral reefs - as you may expect me to - I have just written a bríef arÈ1cle, probably to go to Nature, set- ting forÈh a new piece of evidence for Darwints theory, ín respeet to the small islands of almost-atolls; that is, atoll-like reefs, wíthín which small lslands rise from large lagoons. No theory but Darwínts gives reasonable explanatlon of their mountaln-top forrn. According to Murrayrs theory of outgrowing reefs on still- standíng islands, the little resídual lslands in large lagoons should be of low, gently rolling forn. According to Dalyrs Gla- cial-control theory, the little islands should be cut back in cliffs, which plunge Ínto deep lagoon rvater. Danrínf s theory alone demands mountain-top form for the residuals, because it alone assumes subsidence to be faster than degradation. It fs curíous how one point after another turns up in support of Darwlnts views; but stl-ll iÈ musÈ be recognized that Daly has done good servfce in drawi-ng attention to changes of ocean level as a contributing (tho a subordinate) cause of reef upgrowth. Let me close by expressJ-ng the hope that, so long as you are ín ÀusÈra11a, you may have good opporÈunity for further vrork on 81

the problems of your arid interior country; or thaË faJ-ling, that you may be able to see the coral reefs of the NW coast.

IAnswd. 14/6/20 (J?J)l

No. 109 From W. M. Davis¡ Pasadena, California, Calif ornl-a Institute U. S . A. of Technology. l{.ay 14, I93Z Dear Mr. Jutson, Such a letter as yours of April. 11 is a comfort to the aged. I am greatly pleased to know that you have found such profit and pleasure as you write of from my publi_cations. It is. a satis- factíon that I am still able to spread the physiographic gospel to rny students here, among whom r am flndtng some enthusiasts. Two recent excursions to the desert have confirmed some ideas I have been harboring for a few years past regardJ_ng the develoþment of desert domes on graníte; and I hope to get my conclusions into prínt -during Èhe year. They modify in a subordln- ate degree Ëhe víe¡¿s announced by A. C. Lawson in 1915 on the epigene profiles of the desert. My other essays are advancing, but I âm so often distracted by new topícs that it is diffícult to finish them. Recently I have had a lot of papers sent me here from Cambridge, Mass., where they stood tdly on a shel_f. Among them are some duplicate reprlnts, a small package of which will shortly go to you. They are on scatterd subJects, but I hope some of them will interest you. In case you do furÈher work on desert forms I shall hope to hear about it.

No. 110 Postcard from I{. M. Davis. June 28, 1932

I ¡m sending you 3 packages of old reprints lately recd here l_n a large box from Canbridge - I hope you may find Èhem of interest & suggest that you evenÈualIy hand them to some Univ. Library, where they may be held perranenÈly - rather than scatÈered. Just now I am studyini desert ranl-tíc Domes a fertile sub- j ect.

No. 111- From I{. M. Davis, Untl-l June, L932 Llbrary Museum, Cambrldge, 44L S. Chester Ave., . Massachusetts, U.S.A. Pasadena, California. Dear Mr. Jutson, Your cordial letter of Oct . 24, 1931, has been forwarded to me, as I am seldom in Cambridge now. Your paper on Port Ph11lip 82

Bay was duly recd and is held tn Carnbridge for me. To my regret no copies of the several Papers you ask for remain on hand. It is my practice no\,f to dlstribute my reprlnts as soon as possible, for ln my present roving existence I cannot carry thern about wiÈh me. I hope you can consult the papers you mention in the periodlcals which origínally publisht then. Your kind personal colments on my continued work l-n advancing age prompts me to add some iÈems you may now hav learnd. My home life in Cambridge was broken up in 1923 on the death of ny second wife; and then I began my lrestern experiences' lecturing at various universities. Univy of Callfornia at Berkeley, Unlvy Palo Alto, Calíf. of Arizona at Tucson and Stanford University at ' I.reïe part.icularly hospitable. I had four or five terms at each of them. In 1928 I ventured on a third marriage, which has turnd out very happily, my present wife being one of my former pupils at Radcliffe College, associated ¡sith Harvard. In contrast wíth those hasty generalizers who, on makJ-ng an unforÈunate marrlage' condemn all women as faithless, I shd be Èempted to say, all I¡romen are the very embodiment of faithfulness and unselfísh affection, for such has been my experience of them, beginning with my mother and rry grandmother, golng on wl-th my elder síster and several couslns, and with the three (to rne) o

recent Geogr. Journal said Darwínrs theory is, like Some vToment too beautiful to be true. Ilow a man can sígn hís name to such stuff I canrt imagine. One of my unfinisht papers just now treaËs the coast of the Santa Monica mtns, wesÈ of Los Angeles; and ít touches on the origin of submarine "vallêYSr" one of whích 1s found there. In view of the history of Èhe coast, which sho\"ls emergence but not submergence, I am dísposed to go back to Danafs view of 1896? and explain the "valley't in question by submarine currents. I shd líke to know if you hav any such cases off your Australian coast. Another paper concerns Clear Lake, 100 míIes north of the Golden Gate, the only lake in the CoasË Ranges. It is clearly the result of a recent landslide, but there are several other and more obscure features about iÈ. I hope to be able to send you these papers in the course of this year. I^Iith roy \^tarmest thanks for your kind interest in my work and my welfarê, I em,

No. l,l.2 From lü. M. Davis. Oct. 6, 1932 Dear Mr. Jutson, Your kínd letÈer of August 26th was lately recd. I am glad to knor^r that my reprínts reacht you safely. Some more will soon be on the way. Your mention of desert domes as abundant in Australia Prompts me to ask you if accounts of them have been publisht. I hav not heard of them before ánd shd líke very much to make mention of Èhem, if you can send me \^7ord in time, in my forthcoming paPer'- proof of which I may have in a month or more; perhaps hardly tíme to include there in a footnote, but all the same I hope you can send me;something r^rorth quoting if Èime allows. Thank you for those leÈters accidently included in the Powell Memoir. I a¡r glad to have them back.

As to those desert domes of yours vlhat I shd like to have, be- sides references to account of them,' is a brief sÈatement of their size and height, rocks, relation to adJacent plain' eËc.

No. 113 From A. H. Davis. [The address of the writer could not be decíphered, nor could the full date. And it is possl-ble that the author of thl-s letter, A. H. Davís ís the nephew of !ü' M. Davis referred to l-n letter No. 104] 1925 Dear Mr. Jutson, Many thanks for your very nlce gift, which I shall enJoy' I was very glad to do you the small service in question. Please accept my best wíshes for a prosperous future, which your efforts clearly foretell. 84

No. LL4 From L. R. Dudley, Powelltown Dl-stricÈ' Assistant Forester, Victorla' Forests Cornmíssion of July 28, L946 Victoria. Dear Slr, Dr. I^I. Harris of the l.Iarragul Hlgh school has suggested I contact you in my efforts to obtain a copy of a work I desire to read; iÈ is entitled:- "A Contribution to the PhysiograPhy of the Yarra River and the Dandenong Creek Baslns, Tíctoria." P.R. S.V. (ns) )O(i1f (I), 1911. Jutson. J. T. I am endeavouring to write a shorÈ Paper on the Ecology of Èhe ForesËs of the Upper Yarra, and desire Èo collect as much material upon Èhe Ceãlogy and Physiography of the area as possible' If you could manage to lend île a copy of the above work' I would appreciate it very ouch indeed, and r¿ill certainly look after the paper and return lt at the earliest opPortunity.

P.S. The area I am treating, extends from Launching Place right up to the source of the Yarra, and is bounded by Èhe I^Iater-Shed nidges of all tributaries, upstream from Launching Place. LRD. [Ansd. L9/8146. Further lre 9/9/46 (JTJ)]

No. 115 Trom L. R. DudleY. McMahonrs Creek Vía I{arburton' Victoria. Nov. L2, 1946 Dear Sir, I wlsh to thank you for the opportunity of perusing your work on the Physiography of the Yarra; I found iÈ very lnteresting' parÈleularly your remarks on the divisions of the Maln Divide. I have completed my shorÈ work on the Ecology of the Forests of the BãsÍn, & when copies are avallable, shall forward one to you for perusal. IAckd. 3/L2146 (JrJ)l

No. f16 From L. R. DudleY. Oct. 29, L946 Dear Sir, I wish to apologise for the delay ln answering yours of the 29th ult; I have been in Ëhe throes of transferring, and your letÈer was inadvertently mlsplaced. I would very much like to read'your PaPer on the Physío- graphy of the Yarra Basin, & assure you I will return lt ln two or three days tlme after receiPt.

[Paper posted LL/9/46 wlth sepÈe. letter (JTJ)] 85

No. LL7 Fron A. Ed¡¿ard' Melbourne, Victoria' The Uníversity of Melbourne OcÈ. 3, L939 Dear Slrt As you may be aware Mr. Clive Neild has recently opened a new boarding school at Warrendyte, and he l-s keen to interest the children in geology. I^Iould it be possible for hírn to obtain from you reprints of any or all of your papers relating to that district? In particular the PaPers on the Geology of the I'Iarrendyte Goldfield (P.R.S.V. 23, 1910)' on the Physlography of the Yarra (P.R.S.V. 23, 1910) would be most helpful- to hlm. If you could send reprínts to me at the above address or dírect to llr. Neild, c/o The New ,School , Ialarrendyte, I r.rould be mosÈ grateful.

No. 118 From Eliza R. Edwards, Auckland, New Zealand'. Hon. Secretary, Section P, Nov. 29, 1935 (Geography and Oceanography), A.N.Z.A.A. S, Auckland Meet- íng, January, 1-9j7. Dear Mr. Jutson, I have been asked by the local Coromittee appointed to organise the 1937 (Auckl-and) Meettng of the Australlan and New ZeaLand Assocíation for the Advancement of Science to wrlÈe asking if you will act as one of the Vice-Presidents of Section P, Geography and Oceanography, at. Èhe nært MeeÈing of the Assoc- lation. lJe hope you are able to consider coming, and that you will agree to acÈ in Èhis capacit.y. May I trouble you for an early reply?

No. 119 From Eliza R. Edwards. Feb. 6, L936 Dear Mr. Jutson, Thls has come back from the Dead Letter offíce, and I have nor,r succeeded 1n gettlng what I hope ís your correct address. I ¿rm sorry to have Èo send such an ancienË letter.

No. L20 From Eliza R. Edwards. Feb. 26, 1936

Dear Mr. Jutson, I am glad that you are antlcíPating coming to the Science Congress ne:

No. I2L From Eliza R. Edwards. March 9, 1936 Dear Mr. Jutson, I am sorry that I cannot send the envelope you ask for. It was lnclnerated l-mnediatelyl The blunder on behalf of the secretarial staff has really not ínconvenienced the Comittee here, as you wrote so quickly after the return of Èhe leÈter.

No. 122 From H. A. 8111s, Perth, trrlestern Australia. Acting Government Geologist, Nov. 27, L939 Geological Survey of l{estern Australia. Dear Mr. Jutson, Many thanks for your letter of November 15th in which you draw my attentíon to several points bearing on the subJect matter of BulleÈin 97. The reference on Page 52 is really very clumsy, because you will notice that it l-ncluded the Pages 201 and 202 of. Bulletin 95 Ín which you rejecÈ the plane of marine abrasion theory. Really, the reference is a little too broad, but I was hopíng to indicate to interested readers Èhe section of your Bulletin in which they would flnd a discussion on the subject. I have not seen your paper in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria; in fact, I purposely refraíned from reading much of the contentious liËeraturg dealíng with our physiography in order to be able to set down my or.Jn uninfluenced observaÈíons. Thanks for bringíng this paper to my notice; I find we have a copy in this office. Bulletins 92 and 96 have not been published. Bulletín 92 was one of Feldtmannts on Youanmi and No. 96 was by myself and Hobson on AbboÈtts and Burracoppin Mining CenÈres.

No. L23 From R. I^I. Fairbrídge, Brlsbane, Queensland. Flíght Lieutenant. Jul-y 19, 1-945 Dear Sir, I have returned lately from a trip, up north, sÈudyíng reefs and shore conditions for the Air Force (f a. Officer-in-Charge of the Research Section in the Intelligence), and I notlced the very widespread occurrence -of the coasÈal bench-levels which are so well-known around Sydney. Dr. Dorothy Hill was kind enough to show me a copy of your 1939 paper on the subject, but as I had to reÈurn thls to the Unlversity, I would like a copy to keep if you sti1l have any spares. Although the erístence of a well-marked bench on the Queens- land coast ls known from the writings of Hedley, Steers and others, I did not realise, until I saw l-t over many hundreds of miles both from the aír and on the ground, that 1t. hras so developed. It also 87

struck me that ín this regíon the coast is proËected from the ful1 force of the Pacific, although the S.E. trade whips up the Barrl-er lagoon to a fair extent. Do you think l-t possible that the bench was formed before the grourth of the reefs to thelr presenÈ extensive and hígh developnent? In company with Dr. Iühitehouse and Dr. Teichert' rnre carefully examined Low Isles, which Steers atÈrlbuted to an elevation' probably correlated with hls rtlot¿er bench level ." I{e, on the other hand, decided that the growth of coral shíngle ¡¡mparts could proceed úíthout recourse to eustatic changes of sea-level.

No. l'24 Fron R. W. Fairbridge. Aug. 9, L945 Dear Dr. Jutson, Very many thanks for your letter & Ëhe Èhree reprints, al1 of which I have found most interesting. I ¡m looking forward to inspecting Èhe Port Phillip Bay beaches when I no

No. L25 From N. M. Fenneman, Cincinnati, Ohio' University of Cl-ncinnatí, U. S.A. Department of Geology and Sept. L4, L939 Geography. Dear Mr. Jutson, I have just returned from a tríP to Alaska, and take opportunity ùo answer your letter of last June. I am glad to send you' under separate cover, the thro papers requested, ttThe Ríse of Physlography" and "Cyclic and Non-cyclic Aspects of Erosion." I have not yet gone through my mail for the su er, so have not yet found your paper on Arld Erosion, and so forth, in l.lestern Austra- lia. It wtll interest me ln any case. So also would your later paper published tn 1934.

No. L26 Trom N. M. Tennenan Feb. 23, ]-940 Dear Mr. Jutson, Your Physlography of llesËern Australia cane just at the time B8

when I was getting off to Minneapolis for the Geol. Soc. Amer. rneeting. It ls apparent that you have done your task thoroly, tho further absence of six weeks from oy office means that I do not yet know much of the contents of your work. I ¡¿ish to t.hank you for your papers.

No. L27 From C. Fenner, Adelalde, South Australia. The Superintendent of AugusË 28, L934 Technical Education, Depart- ment of Educatlon. My dear Jutson, I have received your leÈter of the 20th l-nsÈant, and I note your desire to r,rl-thdraw from the Physiographic Con'mittee with very great regreÈ. It has always see¡ned to me that one of the key areas wfth regard to Tertiary tectonic and erosional happenlngs lies to a very large extent in the vast upland of the southern part of Western Australia. Since this 1s the area with ¡trhich you have made yourself partlcularly familiar and have accurnulated an amounÈ of knowledge and observaËion in physl-ographic maÈters ' which Ít is unlikely w111 be equal1-ed by anyone else, I feel- sure that every member of the Comnittee would be with me in asklng you to reconsider your decision, that you might be able to give us the benefit of your views gaíned from so wíde and so extensíve an experience. I^Iould you be so good as to carry on and help us Èhrough, either wiÈh a written or spoken conËrlbutíon at the Melbourne meetlng? I{ith very kind regards,

No. L28 From C. Fenner. SepÈ. 22, L934

My dear Jutson, Thanks for your note of the Ilth instanË. I am so glad that you are willlng to let us have a w'ritten contributlon concerníng the problem of Èhe later tect.oníc and physiographíe history of Australia as set out 1n my letter of Aprtl 30. I can assure you that your cont.ribution wfl1- be very warmly appreclated. Like yourself, I pm not anxlous either to speak or Preserit wrítÈen contributions on these matters, buÈ prefer to leave 1t Èo younger men, and to those r,¡ho have more time for such rsork. I find ny own tlme lncreasingly eaten up by routíne work. Many thanks for your kind cotrroents re the Australíte paPer. I^Iith kind regards, 89

No. L29 From C. Fenner. Nov. L4, L934

My dear Jutson, I have to acknowledge yours of the 13th Novenber, and the reporÈ on l{estern Australia for the Structural and Land T'orms Con¡mittee, for whtch I âm very grateful. I have read the rePort through, endeavouring to relaÈe your evidence and conclusíons to those of other states, an¿l have found it very int,eresting. There appears to be litt1e defínite evldence outside the tent-hill area of Central Australia of a Pliocene planation, unless New South I{ales or Queensland has sonething to say on that polnt. ItliÈh very kind regards,

No. 130 From C. Fenner. Dec. 6, L934

My dear Jutson, I have received a copy of Bulletin No. 95 Geological Survey of I^lestern Australia, which is the revised edltion of your Physiography of hlestern Australia. I beg to offer you my sl-ncere congratulations on Èhe production of such a fíne volume, so clearly wrítten and documented, and so beautifully illustrated. I know the old volume very well and am looking forward during the coming holidays Èo nany pleasant hours ln going through Èhe new edition which I can see is almost a ner¡l book. I am sure thls work will be warnly welcomed by physiographers in other parÈs of the world, since it deals l-n such detail wíth so interesÈíng a region as Western Australl-a. I,lith very kind regards and seasonal greetings.

No. 131 From C. Fenner. March 22, L935

My dear Jutson, I notíced the differences of opl-nion between the reports presented by Professor Clarke and yourself regarding I^Iestern Australían tectonics and physiography, and, l1ke other members who heard the papers read aÈ the Conference, thought those differences of oplnlon hTere of considerable ínterest. Siurilar díf- ferences were found in other cases where t'hro rePorts r^7ere presented from one state. So far as I can reme¡ber the whole of your rePort, wlthout any onisslons whatever, was forwarded to Dr. Ilalkom for publíca- tlon. Professor Clarkers report, which was longer' was subjected to some curtailment particularly in regard to detailp and references. The greater part of hJ-s report, however, has been presented for publÍcation Just as he wrote it. I remember particularly the different points of víew ex- 90

pressed by you regarding the Cretaceous Sea. UnforÈunately' I i-,"r" rro côpy of the reporÈ as I senÈ it on. Two eopíes l^7ere made: I senÈ one of these to the Secretary of the Geography CoruuiÈtee' Míss Ann Nicholls, and the other one to the Secretary of the Geology Couunl-ttee, l4r. Singleton. I belteve that you could see a .opy ãi this report íf you got in touch lrith Singleton on the matter. I{ith kind regards,

No. L32 Trom T. G. To::nan, Perth, llestern Australía. Government Geologist, June 24, 1935 Geological SurveY of I^Iestern Australía. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of the 18th inst. I wish to inform you thaÈ a copy of Bullettn 95 was forwarded to Professor Black- welder on 4th Decenber last, through the Smíthsonlan Exchange. As we are only now receiving acknowledgenents of the receipt of Bulletin 95 from other places in U.S.A., Professor Blackwelder has probably received hls coPY. In the event of an acknowledgernent not beíng receíved from him, within the next month, I will forward him an exÈra coPy'

No. 133 From J. Gentilli, Nedlands, Western Aust- UniversitY of tr{estern ralia. Australia. JulY 18, L945 Dear Dr. Jutson, Thank you for your let.ter; I quite appreciate your desire to know Ëhe approxímate daÈe by which the work should be fl-nished. ny rnutuãl agreement, the publishers and I have not staÈed any date, but I should greatly appreciate if many maps could be ready by Èhe end of this year, and the last maPs came in not later than May or June 1946. This seems to me reasonable enough; I would noÈ mention lt to every contríbutor because many maPs are easy Èo prepare, but the physiographíc and the orographic maps should be the best sclenÈiflc feature of the a¡las, and would rather wait a lltÈle longer for them 1f thts is to mean a better work. I would then put it this way: please have the map ready as soon as possible, but do not hurry, provided it can be ready before June 1946. You mention a friend who could do the orographlc maP; would you please pass the above lnformatÍon on to hlm? The final- size of the maps could be about 13" x 11t' or 10" X 9", but if thls slze ls too small they could be 20" x 18" and divtded into tr¿o sectlons (which would not be desirable). Narnes are not desirable; the naps should be tpure,t and any legend' explanation, key, etc. could be printed below. If any names are 91 absolutely necessary, they could be printed on a transParent sheet to be superimposed onto the map at will. The síze of the back- ground map I can send you is about 25" x 21" (with Tasmania in an inset) . You know, I suppose, the small physiographic maps publlshed by Prof. Holmes ín his "Meaning of soll erosion." The questfon of symbols is íTportanÈ: coloured areas, black-and-white hachures etc., or the synbols proposed by Erwin Raísz ln vol. 21' 1931 (pp. 297-304) of the Geographícal Revie¡¿? I^Iould you let me know your opínion? Thanking you in anticípation,

No. l-34 From J. Gentílli. AugusË 22, L945 Dear Dr. Jutson, I coul-d not acknowledge your letter earlier because I tried in vain to finalize matters before replying. I was fortunate enough to be able to obtain Prof. Clarkers assisÈance for the compilation of the physíographic urap; it is going to mean much more r^rork for me, but at least there is a possíbility of having ít done. I^lhat worrles me greatly is the orographic map. Prof . H1lls does not wish to divulge the material he has been colleeting, and I cannot possibly attend to every urap mysel-f. Do you think it could be posslble for Mr. Honman to comptle at least part of this map, so t.hat by allotting sections of it to varíous people It may be easier to have it done? I would wríte to Mr. Honman myself, but I have not got hís address, so I have to disturb you agaín. Hoping that something at least may be possl-ble, I remaín'

No. l-35 From J. Gentfl11. April 12, L947 Dear Dr. Jutson, A long tíme ago I wrote to you about a physiographlc or an orographíc map of Australla. I have now compiled a physlographl-c map, and am sendlng you a copy u.s.c. It is a small reproductlon, and I hope Èo publtsh ft more satlsfacorily later on; 1n the meanÈlme I shall be pleased to accept any suggestions and correct- l-ons you ruay care to send. I am also sendf-ng a nehl geological map, compiled for the use of studenÈs and as a base map for geologl-sts; here again any frank corûment w111 be greatly appreclated. I am no geologist, but you will see that I have (possibly for the firsË t.ine) coordinated published works throughout Australia to obtaín real solid geology and entirely neglecting drift eÈc. Here agaln any suggestions and correctlons could be incorporat.ed 1n a new edítion if thls one 92 is a financial success (it is sold at 2/-). llith kind regards, [¡,cr¿. 6/5/47 (JrJ) ]

No. 136 From J. Gentillí. Man 2, 1948 Dear Jutson, Thank you for your letter, which is very welcome and help- fu1. For the physiographic map I used Raiszts symbols as published in Èhe "Geographical Review" of a few years ago and in his "General Cartographyr" with some additlons suggested by Prof. Clarke. A key to the map would have been included but for the facÈ Èhat the laÈter had to be made ready hurrÍedly for publication in a local weekly. IÈ will have the key when used in scientif ic publications. Your remarks about Èhe names of the authors on the geological map are very sound; it was my mistake to assume that because I quoted Professor David, all the pre-David works would automatically be included. The nexÈ edition will cerÈaínly bear an acknor¿ledgement to the various Geological Surveys "and many geologists.r' IÈ is much saferl Vtrith the compliments of the season,

No. L37 From Miss D. R. Taylor Sydney, New South I'Iales. Joint Hon. Edítor, Oct. 17, 1928 Australian Geographer, Geographical Society of Ne¡¿ South l^Iales. Dear Sír, Professor Griffith Taylor has handed to me your arÈicle on Geographic Progress in Victoria for publication in Èhe next number of the Australian Geographer, for which many thanks. He tells me to be sure to obÈal-n a copy of ìlr. Keblers work when such is available, I bel-ieve he used some manuscrlpt notes when writing his section of Professor Davidrs book. llould you, perhaps, be kínd enough to posÈ a copy later? Under separate cover I am postilg the first number of the AustralÍan Geographer. I am afraid Èhere is no írnmediate prospect. of another issue. [ect¿. 26/J0128. 4/2 In stamps sent to Miss D. R. Taylor, BSc. Dept. of Geog., University Sydney. (JTJ)] 93

No. 138 From J. !J. Gregory, Glasgow, Scotland' Geological Department, Sept. L2, 191I Universlty, Glasgow. Dear Mr. Jutson, Al1ow me to express my very best thanks for your reprfnts and my congratulations on your very ínteresting papers. I should have written before, but \,¡as a!¡ay when your letter came and was waiÈing ti1l I had made some use of your Papers for the new edítion of the Geography of Victoria. I am very grateful to you f or your kind remarks. It is always very pleasant \,Jhen one thlnks that onef s work has been of some little use. You wlll see \^lhen the ner.¡ edition comes out that I have incorporated your results and have sent in a fresh sketch DaP Èo illustrate them' I should like to suggest the use of some oÈher term than "Senkungsfeld." I recently suggested in the Geographical Journal the use of ttSunk-land.tt t'Senkung" means ttthe state of sinkingtt and Senkungsfeld is therefore noÈ a very hapPy exPression' and is too Teutonic for assimilation in English. As part of your Croydon area has parallel sides and is long and narrol^/ and as parÈ of its sídes are directly due to faulting, I should be disposed to regard ít as a rift valley. I should distinguish between the rlft valley and the t'Sunk-land" by their relative breadth and length. I shall follow your future \,rork wiÈh interest and shall at any t.íme be much obliged for separate copies of your papers'

No. 139 From J. I.I. Gregory. Dec. L4, 1916

Dear Mr. JuËson, I am sorry for delay ín answer to your letter and am much obliged to you for telling mà about your paPer at the Geographical. Your doubts on the questión Of'length you can best estimate by comparing it with the length of papers published in the Journal. If 1t is much longer than one of the longer papers there you may have difficulty especially aË Present. The Journals are nohr cut down by a thírd by a Government measure to economise paper; and one of the great drawbacks of Brítish geography is that. we have no medium for publishing long geographical nemoirs. The Geograph- ical Society does íssue supplementary PaPers but very irregularly and reluctantly and they do not get mueh advertisement or notice' I have more Èhan once suggested that the Society should bring them out more regularly in a numbered series llke the complete Parts of Peterrnann. I have been asked to attend the afternoon meeting of the Geographical r¡hen your paper is to be read, but the first date available at r^rhich I could be present I'las 22nd February and your paper may be Èaken then. I hope l-t wonrt have been postponed in order that I may be there, but as you are absent they may feel- the paper would fall rather flat unless they could rely upon sornebody being prepared to speak upon ít. 94

I am sending over a couple of laËer papers. I was much interested in Johnsonts recent paPer on Pene- planes and his determination to adopt Ëhat spelling, but he is even more extreme in hls proposed modificatíons of its definitlon. The term has been very useful in the last Èwenty years, buÈ unless some new definitíon be accepted I doubt íf it will survive. I was very sorry to be so long Ín determining the bryozoa from the Norseman LimesÈone; they were fragmentary but quiÈe nicely preserved and I should think a larger lisË of fossíls could be got from it. You will see that I am not set on the exact course of the suggested rivers. By putting forward one definite scheme I thought it would be more likely to call forth correction where the heighÈs may be wrong than if I had nerely left it as a vague suggestion; but one or tr,ro of the results upon the coritour map seem to me a little surprising. River systems are so erratic and there may have been so many cases of beheadíng, and valleys bel-ng deepened at one place after the lower part of the valley had been lefÈ without further excavation, that the general theory based on Èhe widespread steady gradient would not be dis- proved by some exceptíons. If your paper is put down for February ít ¡¿ill no doubt be printed firsÈ as the Geographical distríbutes paPers before the meetíng. Ìtrith kind regards,

Melbourne, Victoria. No. 140 From T. S. Ha1l, Feb. 10, 1911 Royal Society of Víctoria. My dear Jutson, I wish you could leÈ me have some proofs at any rate by Monday. I must go to press as soon as possible and the printer is uneasy. Send all you can - even in bits. I have treadr both proofs buÈ only for obvious blunders and find them very tclean. t I must warmly congraËulate you on your work, and I admire it very much l-ndeed. It is tip top. One thing I dontt feel happy about is the MiÈcham axis of elevation. However my observations are only casual ones. I cannot at present see any thíng but denudation in it. As regards the faulÈ on Èhe E. side of Pt. Phtllip - There is no doubt. that 1t runs ouÈ to sea near Cape Schanck. A trip by boat Èo Dromana would have settled this for you I think. However these are only details.

P. S. You will have had your proofs for nearly a forËnight on Monday.

No. 141 From G. H. Ilalligan. Turramurra, New South lJales. 95

Sept. 10' 1935 Dear Sir' Many thanks for the copy of your paper "Erosion and Sedi- mentatíon in Port Phillip Bayt' which I have found most interesÈ1ng' I am sendtng by thís post soEe reprints of a few PaPers on cognate subjects, but a paper-entitled "The Physiography of Sotany Bayn (Royal Society of N. S. I,trales, Vol . 47.1913) will perhaps interest you Dost. I am sorry to say I have not got a reprint, buÈ your Royal Soc. will have a copy of To1. 47. Your paper would be more useful to a stranger if it had a chart showing a few soundíngs and current measurements to show the direction and veloclty of the ebb and flood tide. From whaÈ I know of Port Phillip I feel sure these would confirm your conclusion that the observed changes in the shore líne are not due to earth movement. I expect to be in Melbourne \,tithin a few weeks & would lÍke to have a chat with you on the subject.

No. 142 From G. H. Hallígan. Oct. 13, 1935

Dear Mr. Jutson, Many thanks for your letter of the 25 Sept. and for the copy of your paPer on Port Carnpbell , VJ-ctorla, whJ-ch from the cursory glance I have been able to give it, seems to be a b1È puzz|íng. Personally I âm averse to assuming land movements of elevation or depresslon on the Australian Coast, until all other explanations are exhausËed, and especíally when the posiÈ1ve or negatÍve movements are small. I know of several plaees where a positive movement seems quíte obvl-ous, while a very few miles ar¿ray a negative movement is indicated. I am enclosíng a llsÈ of the papers I have inflicted on the general public since 38 years ago, but am afraid you will not flnd then very lnteresting.

No. 143 From G. H. Hallígan. Klllara, New South l{ales. Oct. 7, L936 Dear Mr. Jutsont I very much regret that absence from the State has prevented ne replying to your letËer daÈed the 4th Sept., in which you re- nind ne of my promise to send you references to Prof. Davldrs papers referring to a positive or negative movemerit of the shore Iíne on Èhe Australian coast. Prof. David made many references to thls most 1nÈeresting subject, but they are so scattered about ín his addresses & papers, as to be difficult to find. I think you will find most of what is knovm on the subject ín the following 1isÈ. "The Occurrence of a submerged forest, wlth remains of the Dugong, at Sheas Creek, near Sydneyr" by R. Etheridge Jr. Prof' 96

T. IÎ. E. David and J. W. Grimshaw. Royal Society of N. S. I'üales Vol. XXX, 1896, pp. L-29. t'Evidence of Recent submergence of Coast at Narrabeentt by Prof. T. IÎ. E. David and G. H. Halligan. Roy. Soc. of N. S. IÎales Vol. XLII, 1908. For note re growth of Cerripedia and Belanidae see page 236. "The Physiography of Botany Bay" by G. H. Halligan. Roy. Soc. of N. S. trrla1es. Vol. XLVII, pp. L2O-29. References are also given in the PaPers here named, and I think a perusal of all of them will give a good idea of the subject, so far as our present knowledge is concerned. I am looking forr¡ard to a trip round the shore line of Port Phillip with you as you kindly suggest.. There is much to be saíd on shore-line problens which would be tedious to write, and I feel I have much to learn yet.

No. L44 From T. S. HarÈ, Ballarat, Victoria. School of Mines. May 30, 1911 Dear l"Ir. Jutson, Thank you for the copíes of your papers whích you forwarded Èo me. I am afraid I have again been slow at answering. I have plenty of Idivide?] paper & send you one by this Post. lwo things I call to mind wiÈh regard to some parËs of your paperrs district with which I am mosÈ familiar. The whole drainage system of Brighton & neighbourhood seems Èo be by northwesterly courses like the Elotunasik Ck. Èill ít becomes quite indefinite with closed hollows conmon about SandrÍngham. I think a system of ridges Ín this direction must be original from Ëhe time of emergence. Another evidence of the Dandenong Fault, indicating also lts late date, is the abundance of landslips on the steep face of the Dandenongs as 1f the slope was close to its maximum angle of stabÍ1ity. I have not forgotten Èhe Parwan, though I have not advanced much further.

No. L45 From T. S. HarÈ. AugusÈ 3, 191-l- Dear Jutson, I desire & have had it in my mind for some time Èo express to you my good wíshes for your fuÈure work in I^1. Australia. Last monÈh when ín town for a few days my atÈenÈion was caught by another example of tri-butary flowing S.tr{. to a valley running S.W. in Caulfield. Takíng all Èhe features together I encline to the ide¿ of a general S.W. slope broken by slight step faulting or rolls; N.LI. valleys determLned by faults or fold belng then joined by S. I^I. 97 flowing tributaries. The streams of the dísÈrict are exceedingly weak, owing to high percentages absorbed, probably practically all the su¡nmer rains & a high percentage of the rest except where at places a more fmpermeable layer of rock occurs near the surface. Incleed further southeast about Sandringham closed hollows become common. Of course rolls in the weak surface strata would have the same effect as faults especially if unsymrnetrical. The level of the "brown rock" is certainly irregular.

No . L46 Fro¡n D. A. Herbert . ItIooloowin, Queensland . June 28 1929 Dear Jutson, ' Thanks very much for your letter. Irll send along some reprlnÈs durlng the week. I was very glad to hear from you again. A faír amount of news has accumulaÈed since I wrote last - about 7 years ago, isnrt it? l,tre have a small farnily - a boy 4-L/2 years old and a girl nearly 3, - both Queenslanders. Cayzer had another son about 2 months ago. That makes 3 boys & a girl. He lives a few hundred yards frorn me but across the railway line & itts nearly a rnile by road. Youtd find hím aged quite a lot. I dont t kno¡¡ when wer 11 be down in Melbourne; probably not for a couple of years. Next May l-s the Australlasian AssociaÈion for the Advancement of Science meetíng here ln Brisbane & as lrm local secretary, there wontt be much spare time next Christmas. lJe have a Chevrolet & perhaps if it holds Èogether wetll drive dovm the year after. My people ll-ve out at Diamond Creek which isntt so far from lvanhoe. tr{hen I used to come ln to school mosÈ of lvanhoe, at least the Eagelmont side, \ras paddock, & last year ¡^rhen I rushed through on a flying trip to Hobart it looked as if iÈ had always been settled. I went to Hobart, had a fortnight there & had to rush back to gl-ve a fellow a supplementaTy exam in r¡hich he flopped. tr{e have one student from the I,{. A. Unlversity here on Èhe staff & Prof. Nicholls (biology: Dakints successor) has a son up on the Barrler Reef with the Low Island expedition. Parker from the I{. À. Universíty was here for a week or so, too. I thlnk wetd see a dlfference there now if vle v/ent back. The geologlsts here are a good crowd. lffreo] Richards is at present in South Africa at the B.A.A.A.S. meetlng & the conference. Bryan is getting ínterested in fossil soils, & has some interestlng data. llith kind regards from both of us,

No. L47 From J. Macdonald Holmes, Sydney, New South lJales. Professor of Geography, OcÈ. 16, 1935 The Uníversity of Sydney. 9B

Dear Mr. JuÈsont I have delayed answeríng your letter, because I thought I could give you a more fayourable statement of Èhe conditlons for future conducÈ of ttThe Australian Geographer" by so doing. Up to the present, I âm prePared to accePt artlcles of about 3000 words or less, wiÈh line blocks, and up to one page' or maybe tr^ro pages, of photographs. Herewl-th a copy of no. 7, which is now to be the standard pattern as far as the inside is concerned. LrIe have been ín the hablt of giving a dozen copies of the journal, but noÈ reprínts, to each auÈhor, though reprints are avaílable for purchase at prl-ces varying from 3 pence to 6 pence per copy, according to make up, which as you suggest is just the cost. of the addítional printing. I^Ie are not making any profl-t from the journal, but qre are hoping in the irnnediate future to organíse, perhaps for this forthcoming number, 25 authorts re- prinÈs free. I should be very glad if you could see your r^Iay to contribute an artícle on some of the outlying problens of physical geography in say Lrlestern AusÈralia or Victoria. I was very fortunate in geÈting one of the early eopies of your book from a government department in ülestern Australia, and of course we had the earlier editíon here. The new ediÈion is very pleasing to a geographer in AusÈralia, because of what for the moment I am calling the geographlcal method, namely distributíonal topographic patterns. For example, I would raÈher have your disËributional method than the recent regions put forward by Hills in the Hand- book for the Melbourne Meeting in 1935 of the Australian and New Zealand Assoclation for the Advancement of Science. Of, course to follow on from that one has to account for why these Patterns are where they are and in the specíal groupings in which they occur. I wish we had as good books on every other State. For ny Presl-dential Address at the Melbourne Meetíng, a copy of which I am sending you, I outlíned descrl-ptíve regíons for Austral-ia. hle went through all the literature we could fínd, including the early edition of your book. I was pleasantly surprised to find afterwards Èhat your urodified edition corresponded more closely to ours, such as they are, than your earller regions. Our regions differ somewhat from yours, because they had to be allfgned to the continent as a whole. Sometime if you have any connenÈs to make I should be very pleased to have them, even íf they should prove to be ruËhlessly adverse. By the way, if you wlsh to put ín an artícle soonr I am already assembling the forthcoming issue of "The Australian Geog- raPherrtr and have had pronises of materlal to flll it. At the same tlme, I would gladly welcome early the copy for the next number, since we have to be some three or four months in advance with our material. Please do writ.e something to help us along. The rtGeographer" ls clrculated to all ínportant geographical- societies and instítutions Èhroughout the world. I{e have 160 exchanges already, and we have only been going tr^ro years now. 99

Furthermore, ít finds its way into rnost of the insÈítutlons 1n AusÈralía, and to some very influential persons, so that I can truthfully say r¡re can give you good circulation and genuine publícity for your writing.

No. 148 From J. Macdonald Holmes. Nov. 27, 1935 Dear Mr. Jutson, Many thanks for your leÈter of 2nd. November. You say you have a short article in preparaÈion. This is to let you know that I am almost ready for the Press now with the January number of "The Australian Geographerrtt so thaÈ if you could send me this artícle almost at once, you could get into the January number, failing whích I will reserve space for you for the March or AprÍl nurnber.

No. 1-49 From J. Macdonald Holmes. March 16, 1936 Dear Mr. Jutson, f am sorry I delayed ín answeríng your letter. Due to Vacation and the recess of the Socíety r¡re rtrere unable to get out the flnancial statemenÈ which has to be prepared before each number of the Journal is,published. I am ín a position no\¡r to say Èhat I will consíder your artÍcle on PorÈ Philltp Bay. You can send it to me as soon as you are ready, since we ought to be ln the Press as early as possible now.

No. 150 From J. Macdonal-d Holmes. Irl,ay 7 , L936 Dear Mr. Jutson, I understood you to say in your prevíous letter you thattt were sending a Paper f or this number of the "Geographer. I^Ie are now in the press, and I wilL welcome your Paper almost iumed- lately, as I have in my notes here a reservatlon of space for you. I^Iith kind regards,

No. 151 From J. Macdonald Holmes. July 28, L936 My dear Jutson, ï an sorry these ml-sÈakes arose 1n your paper. tr{e are correcting those we have left. In poínt of fact your manuscrípt was very carefully gone through, and l-t is well-nfgh ímpossible to get our PrínÈers (who are supposed to be the best tn Sydney) 100

if. you donrt correct Ëhem in the first to make some alterations t'st'in galleyproof. I^le are al-most afraid to correct an case they make a mistake further along the l-ine. It is a practice whlch seems to be cormon to the printers of Sydney. This looks like putting it onto the printer, but next tíme we wíll send you a galley-proof and hope for the best.

No. L52 From C. S. Honnant Cloncurry, Queensland. Aerial Survey of North June 30' 1935 Australia.

My dear Jutson, Many thanks for your letter. I was sorry to hear that Mrs. Jutson has had a poisoned foot and trust thaÈ she has now quite recovered, and that you yourself are well and having a less stren- uous tíme at the office. This 1etÈer ls only a short one and I am wríting to ask if you would be so good as to peruse, a Prospectus of the Celebration Gold Mine whích I am sending you under separate cover. Early this year I saw an account of the flotatíon of the Company by the Australian Mining Trust in an EngineerÍng Journal (The Àustralian Engineer) in which my nâme was mentioned as having reported on 1t. f immsdiately r.I-rote to Mr. Paton of the South Kaljoortie Mine who was also quoted & whom I know Èo send me Par- ticulars of development & if possible a ProsPectus, whieh he has now done. In the prospectus you will see that they have quoted extracts from a letÈer written by me to the Ka1-goor1íe Mines in 1919 when I had a controversy with A. Gíbb Maitlarfd. As far as I can remember the extracts are accurate, but the point ls that I was not asked to select the extracts or coumunlcated wíth any 1nTay regarding their publicaÈion l-n thls new prospectus of 1935. It seems a bit hot that they should publlsh thís wíthout my permisslon or wíthout alloÌ{- ing me to peruse lt. But perhaps ft is legitímate PracÈice to quote extracts from letters or rePorts publíshed in the press, but 1t does not seem ríght Èo do so without permlssíon or paynent fot a rePort' if such permisslon is granted. I would be very much obliged íf you would give me your oPinion about it, and if tt 1s not asklng too much advise me what action I should take, & whether you thlnk it puËs me ín an invidious position. I am sorry to worry you r¿ith thís, but I have no one here with whom I can talk it over freely and I would be very grateful lf you would tel1 me what you think of it. Many Èhanks for your offer to look up lfterature for me. There is a point which has been puzzLíng me here. There apPears to be an unconfonuable seríes of agglomerates and acid tuffs & flows associated with dolomites (or limestones as they call them here) restlng on the arnphiboliÈes. I believe I will get a clue to this in one of the memoLrs of the United States Geologícal Survey dealing with the Precambrl-an rocks of North America. I belÍeve there ls 101

,:.,', .,, I j jr í' such a series of agglonerates, flows & llmestones ¿mongst the -i Huronian or Laurentian rocks of America. If you could when you next visít the Royal Soclety Library find a reference to the origin of any such Iímestones or dolomites it would be a great help, but dontt go to any trouble as I will have an opportunity at the end of this field season to look up Èhe U. S. Geological Survey rePorts in Brísbane. So dontt give me any long extracts' but tf you could find a hint as to their origin i.e. are they sedimentary & therefore limestones or áre they igneous beíng dolomites derived from ultra basic rocks. No definl-te fossils have been found ín them, but all such evidence may be destroyed by metmorphism. Thanks for your warnl-ng re too easl-ly finding similarities to the Kalgoorlie rocks which I apprecíate. There are definite and radical differences particularly in the sequence & greater Propor- tion of sediments, but the amphibolites aPpeat to belong to a metamorphosed volcaníc series and in hand specímens resemble the Kal- goorlie rocks very close1y. I will glve you a more detailed account of the geology later on when I am able to arríve at definiÈe conclusions which I am not yet in a posíÈion to do. The work is very inÈeresting, br-1t I fínd that I have to devote more time to economic geology and less to general geology than I would l1ke and there is a vast amount of ground to cover in a little time. I am writing this leËter just after the breaking of the drought, having just experienced a downpour of 7 inches in 3 days in June which is a record in Queensland for this tl¡ne of the year since such downpours are only experlenced in the wet season. . !ütth kíndest regard to Mrs. Jutson and yourself, I had ÍnËended this to be a short note, buÈ I am afrald I have exceeded the length of such a descríptlon.

No. 153 From C. S. Honman. July 20, 1935

My dear Jutson, Many thanks for your letter of the llth July re the Celebra- tion Mine Prospectus, and the trouble you have taken over ít. Considering the time that has elapsed sfnce its publication and that I am so out of touch, thus being unable to look uP my papers of 1919 and the origínal letËer, for whlch I received no remuneratl-on. I thínk iÈ would be advisable not Èo take any action at present, as it might lead to an actíon which woul-d cause con- sl-derable rlrorry being up here and probably produce no tangible rs- sult since as you poínt out 1n your letter the damage fs probably done. I thlnk however in order Èo protect myself that I will send a personal letÈer Èo the Secretary & keep a copy. I am therefore sending you a draft of a letter based on your advlce, whieh I would be grateful if you would peruse, critl-cise and return to me with the LO2

Prospectus. This letter would at any rate show that I had not consented to the publication of the Prospectus. trütren I get back to Melbourne I could go ínto the matter with you & íf desirable take further action. I think I will also send a copy of my letter to Mr. Paton ¡vho sent me the prospectus at my request. Thankíng you again in anticipation and let me have your account when you return my leÈter. I am having a busy time and not much time for writing as I am continually in the f ield & arn now on my r4ray up to the Palmer River. I arrived in Cloncurry through a drought striken land and ,m going out to Palmer River through a land of plenty, green grass everywhere, since the breaklng of the drought. I am writing thís letter from Hughenden just on the edge of the Cretaceous rocks where reptlle remaíns (tchthyosaurus Australis) are found and the largesÈ forn (Kronossaurus Queenslandicus) with teeth replaced by barytes. I do not think I will have time to see these creatures however as they are of no economic slgnifícance. I am now proceeding north for 500 miles thro Granite & Pre Cambrian country. I hope Mrs. Jutson has quite recovered & that you are well. I^Iith kindesË regards to you both,

No. L54 From C. S. Honman. OcË. 6, 1935

My dear Jutson, Many thanks for your letter of the 10th SepË. and for the Èrouble you have taken to look up references to the Pre Cambrlan dolomites of U.S.A. They will be most useful. I did not antici- pate that there would be very mueh abouÈ Èhem, but Ëhe references might give a clue to Èhe age of the very extenslve development here. I hope I have noÈ causeil you to take up Èoo much of your tfute on looking theur up. The work here is gettl-ng very intense for the reason that Èhe progranìme laid dor¡n vras too ambitlous & lmpossible to accomplish in 12 months. Therefore the general geology musË be sacrificed to the economic work. The country ls so lnacessíble to motor transport and so rugged and the areas so scatÈered that it ie taking a good deal more time to map 1t Èhan was originally antlcípated. This means thet one has to move in order to aÈtenpt to arríve at some definite concluslons, and does not glve much tl-me for general geology which will have to be thrashed out at the. end of the field season from what fleld data we have been able to accumulate. I have not had any nail for a month as I have been out at Bower Bird establlshíng a neÌv base camp, & so have on1-y just re- ceíved your letter, also a reply from the Celebratl-on Gold Mine whl-ch I am enclosing with a copy of the letter that I sent thern. On the whole it seems satísfactory ln that they expïess regret and the tine that has elapsed since the publfcation of the Prospectus 103

uakes it ímpracticabl-e to obtain complete v¡ithdrawal . I would be glad to hear what you think of it & will defer replying untl-l I hear from you. I will probably meet Sl-r Hubert Gepp and the Qland Minl- ster of Mines next Saturday & will then go out to Bower Bird again. The weather is beginning to vrarm up nor,t, rnaking it very hot in the fteld but it is a dry heat and accompanled by thunderstorms which seem to clear the atmosphere. The raíny season here is not nearly as bad as in Central Australía and on the coast. Although the work ís very interesting I wíll be glad Èo get dornm south soon. I trust that you and Mrs. Jutson are we1l. Thanking you again hrith kíndest regards,

[Recd. L4/Io/35 (JrJ)]

No. 155 From lJ. Howchin, Adelaide, South Australia The University of May 19, 1911 Adelalde. Dear Sir, I thank you for your two lnteresting papers which have come safely to hand. I am now sending in reËurn, as requested in your letÈer, my paper on Fhe Cambrian Glacial Beds of S. Aus. I have gathered a large amount of data bearíng on the recent t'makJ-ngttof S. Aus. but not much has been published yet, as I am desirous of maklng my descriptíons as complete as possíble. In outline, S. Aus. has been physíographically outlined in late Calno- zolc and recent Èimes - there had been elevation and collapse' leading to block faultíng on a large scale. Thfs has profoundly affected the drainage, dísmembering the rivers and produced new lines of drainage. Many rivers have been rejuvenated Èowards thelr ouËlets, whilst retainl-ng theír mature features in their watersheds, and l-n some cases the river drainage has been enÈirely reversed. Gulf St. Víncent is a senkunsfeld r¡hich has dragged down the lower Cainozolc beds, so thaÈ, in one sectíon, they are tipped to a vertical posíÈ1on and even slightly reversed. This has been a recent discovery and is described in a paper that I recently read before the Royal Soc. of S. Aus. but not yet printed. I will try and remember to send you a copy when lË is published. This is a most interesting country, physlographically, and new aspects carrying geologícal signiflcance are constantly turnlng up.

No. 156 From A. Jemes. Colac, Victoría. June 22, L926 Dear Mr. JuÈson, I was surprised to get your note statlng that I had not acknowledged receípt of the parcel of books you aent me last year. I was late in replying to your leÈter but I sent a repl-y to you from PorÈland during the Xmas vacation & the letter was addressed 104

to ttValunar" JolÍmont, the address you originally gave me. I am indeed sorry that you should have been given this annoyance after the great trouble you \^tent to 1n searching for the books & giving such a valuable criticlsm of the Tort Book. In rny 1eÈter I thanked you for your monographs & other publications but stated that though I had looked through them, I had not had time to read them in detaíl-, & would wriÈe to you agaÍn ¡¿hen I had done so. I was deeply grateful for the criticisrn of Èhe Text Book & I told you in my letter, that in the new edition to be published next September many of the suggestions you had made would be given effect to. Your criticisro of the Rhine Gorge I did not agree with as the Gorge in different parts had two origins, - in the north it qlas cut in the rising peneplain, while l-n the south it was formed in a rift valley. I have been hoping to read your works more crltically though mueh of it is known to me through the Royal Soc. Mag. in whlch much of ít has appeared. I must once again express my thanks for your criticism of my book & for your monographs, & deeply regret the loss of the letter. It is possible that in my rush of work that I misdírected 1t, but during the year quite a number of my letters have gone astray, including t\,üo parcels of books ùalued at É4. Sínce last June I have been workl-ng at terrific pressure - even during all vacatíons - preparíng a Junior Geogry. which will be lssued next week. The relief from the pressure l-s enornous & I can hardly reallze that the work l-s done. [Ansd. 8/8/26 (JrJ)]

No. L57 From G. Jobberns, Christchurch, New Zealand. Canterbury Universlty Sept. L2, L94O Co11ege. Dear Mr. Jutson, I send under separate cover some paPers of míne, as you re- quesÈed. Should you, perchance, have a copy of your essay on the Physiography of Western Australia I would be especially grateful for Ir. I,Iíth regard to my PaPer on Raised Beaches of the North-east Coast of the South Island, there fs much in it that I now regard as more or less worthless. In particular the discussíon of correlation has no value at all - this for three reasons:- (a) The measurenents r^rere not sufficiently accurate measurement of heights of Ínner edge of the cut platfonns. (b) Many of lhe terraces may noÈ actually be wave planed fo:ms at all. (c) There Ís much obvíous danger fn correlation attempÈs ln an area composed of crust blocks capable of differential movernent in late geologic time. lIith good wíshes, 105

lAckd. 25/9/40 & a copy of 2nd Ed. of the I^I.4. Phys. sent. (JTJ)]

No. 158 From D. Johnson, Parfs, Trance. American Conmission to June 28, 1919 Negotiate Peace.

My dear Prof. Jutson, Your letter of last March was forwarded to me in Paris where I have been serving for the last six months as Chief of the Dlvi- sion of Boundary Geography with the American CommÍssion to Nego- tlate Peace. I am sorry to say that my paPer on the "Italian Frontrr was never published. But my book on "Topography and Strategy in the I¡Iarlr contains the gist of ¡,¡haÈ I said in the address before the New York Academy of Sciences. I hope, as you suggesÈ' to still further develop this subjecÈ, especially ln relation to the terrain of the princlpal European battlefields. With best wíshesr I am,

No. 159 From D. Johnson R.M.S. Niagara Oct. 20, L929 Dear Mr. Jutson, Here are a couple of prlnts' - not any Èoo good, buÈ the besÈ I could do under the circumsËances. Use Èhem as your oI¡Jn' if they can serve any Purpose. It was a great Ëreat to make your acqualntance, and to tramp over beach rídges in your company. Do plan to come to Ne\r York, in l-g32 iÎ not before, and Iet me show you some of my shore "stuff." It would ínterest you, and I would get real Joy out of showl-ng you some of my ttpeÈtt places.

No. 160 From D. Johnson' TâmPar Florl-da' U.S.A. Bay Shore Colonial Hotel Jan. 19, 1935 My dear Mr. Jutson, It is very good of you to have a coPy of your new edltion of the "Physlography of l,trestern Australiart sent to me. I greatly enjoyed and profited by the earller edition, and shall look forward with great pleasure to seeing the new one. Until April lst I am ln Tlorida, 1n order to Pelrit Mrs. Johnson to recover from a serlous illness affecÈing her hearÈ. So I probably shall not have opportunity to see and examlne the voh:me till my return Èo New York. I am making a memorandum to look the book up ínrmedlately on my return. 106

No. 161 From D. Johnson, New York, U.S.A. Columbia University, Aprll 17, 1935 Department of Geology and Mineralogy. My dear Mr. Jutson, I believe my secretary in rny absence acknowledged receipt of the new edition of your Physiography of }Iestern Australia. Return- ing from my exile in the south, where Mrs. Johnson made distinct progress to¡^¡ard recovery, I have had the opportuniÈy to examine the new edition and wish Èo congratulat.e you on its publication. I am sure 1t will serve a valuable purpose, just as did íts predeccor. You were very gracious to acknowledge so generously roy offhand suggesÈion regardíng the Darllng scarp. hlith r¡arm personal regards and wl-th síncere appreciation of your courtesy in sending me a copy of your valuable work, of whích r¿e shall make excellenÈ use, I am,

No. l-.62 Fron D. Johnson. March 27, 1939 My dear Mr. Jutson, I was very happy to recelve your leÈter dated February 26, and appreciate greatly your understandíng sympathy extended to me on the occasion of the great loss I have sustained. Mrs. Johnson suffered a heart allment for over five years which culminaËed in her death on October eleventh last. I,le !üere peculiarly devoted to each other, and I fínd ít difficult to adjust myself to her absence. Your sympathy, and that of other understandlng friends, has been of great help to me.

No. 163 From 0, T. Jones, Cambridge, England. Uníversity of Cambridge, Oct. 1.4, 1934 Department of Geology. Dear Slr, I wísh to thank you for your letter of the 20th August addressed to me at Manchester Uníversity, and for the eopy of your paper on eroslon and sedímentation ín Port Phillip Bay, AusËralia. I am sorry that there are no reprínts available of my PaPer on recent movements in the Britlsh coast-line, published in "Antiqufty. rt This paper appeared in the number of September L934 r'and thl-s should be obtalnable from any bookseller or from Èhe Assístant Editor, 24 Parkend Road, Gloucester (the price is 5/6 including postage).

No. :.64 To The Editor, The Argus. July 11, 1935 Melbourne, Victoria. Dear Sír, re FORESHORE EROSION 107

I have prepared a long article, which, however, could be broken up into a series of short daily articles, on this subject as affectíng Port Philllp Bay, and am prepared to submít same to you for consideraÈion with a view to publication should you so desÍre. In order to show that I can speak on the matter wlth authority, I enclose a copy of ny paper read before the Royal Society of Victoría in 1930, whl-ch, however, dealt maínly ¡,rith the theoretical question of whether there had been any recent uplift of the coast. The articles suggested do not touch on this asPect, but confine themselves to erosion and its incidents. Should further evidence be required as Èo my standing in the scientific r^rorld, I refer you to the "Argus" of the 24th December last, where (t Uetieve) in the mining column the second edition of my book on the Physiography of trIestern Australía was referred to. The articles have not been submitted to any other nev/sPaper.

No. 165 To The Edítor, The Argus. July 16, 1935 Dear Sir, rE FORESHOhE EROSION IN PORT PHILLIP BAY

Referring to your me¡norandum of the 12th inst. for which I thank you, I enclose herewith the article referred Èo for your perusal. I find that now Èhe article has been Èyped I over-estimaËed its length when hand-writËen. On a rough estímate, lt should occuPy about two coluums of trThe Argus.tt If you approve of the article, but consider ft too long, I shall be glad to consider any suggestions for condensíng or shorten- ing ít that you may be good enough to make. Perhaps, however, Pub- lication in two instalments would not be inappropríate.

No. l-66 To The Editor, The Argus. August 7, 1935 Dear Sir, As you have not. returned my shortened artícle on Foreshore Erosion, I presume that you have accepted same for publication in "The Argus" at a suitable opportunity. I have three more articles of about the same length lf you care to consider them. They are:- (1) "The tDry Lakesr of ltrestern Australia" which may be of interest to the general- public in view of the recent discovery by the Mackay aerial expedltion of several large "lakes" of this type in the north-east of l,Iestern Australla; (2) "The Making of a Landscape: Naturers Age-long Process"; and (3) "The Marríng of a Landscape: Manfs Short-cut Process.'' (2) and (3) are, as the t.itles indicate, complementary. 108

No. L67 To The Editor, The Argus. Sept. 4, 1935 Dear Sír, Nor¿ that my article on Foreshore Erosíon has been published in "The Argusr" I should be glad to hear whether you will consÍder the articles referred to in my letter to you of the 7th ult., viz-, (1) "The rDry Lakes t of l,trestern A.ustralia'r; (2) "The Making of a Landscape; Naturers Age-long Process"; and (3) "The Marring of a Landscape; Manfs Short-cut Process." (2) and (3) are' as Èhe titles Índicate, coroplementary. If I have further artlcles available at any tíme, would you prefer me to submit then without a prelimJ-nary enquiry?

No. 168 To The Editor, The Argus. Sept. 11, 1935 Dear Sir, In response to your memorandum of the 5th inst. I now submit herewith an article on the rdry lakest of ÌJestern' Australia.

No. 169 To The Editor, The Argus. Dec. 12, 1935 Dear Sir, I enclose herewith two articles ("The Making of a Landscape; Naturers Age-long Process" and "The Marring of a Landscape: Manrs ShorË-cut Process") for your consideration. The artícles are complernentary, but, if both are not accepÈable' one could be publíshed wlthout the other, with perhaps some slight alterations. If you accept either or both artícles, I should be glad if my name could be omitted and the nom-de-plume "Physio¡¡raphic" substituted. This, however, I leave to you.

No. L70 To The Edl-tor, The Argus. Feb. 2, L936 Dear Sir, The enclosed paragraph entltled "Robert SouÈhey on Erosion" is submitted for your conslderation.

No. :..7I The Edítor, Australlan Sept. 25, 1935 Geoerapher. Science House, Sydney, New South I.Iales. Dear Sír, I should be much obliged íf you would kindly lnfom me whether, 1f an article ís contrlbuted to the journal, a certain number of reprints are allowed free, and also lf more are desired that they 109

can be obtained on pa¡¡ment of the cost of the addiÈional printing.

No. L72 To L. C. 8a11, Queensland Jan. 23, 1935 Geological Survey, Brisbane, Queensland. Dear Mr. 8a11, I was pleased to receive your letter of the 10th inst. and to hear that a copy of Bulletin 95 of the Geological Survey of I¡¡estern Australia had been received by you and that it had interested you considerably. I^Iith reference to a possible fault between Zanthus and Kitchener, I can only say that I am ín complete 1-gnorance of that possible feature. The suggestion you make that Salinaland and part of Swanland may be an íuunense horsÈ is interesting, and I should be glad íf you could find tirne to let me know íf you have any evidence concernl-ng the possible fault and the resulting fault-scarp if you think the latter probable.

No. 1-74 To J. A. Bartrum, University Sept. J-4, 1936 College, Àuckland, New Zealand. Dear Professor Bartrum, Your letter of the 12th ult. stating you r^rere posting a number of reprlnts for me came duly to hand, but only recenÈly I received Èhe reprints; hence my delay l-n acknowledging recel-pt of same. Many thanks for sending them on to me. I am sure I sha1l f ind much of l-nteresÈ in your papers. I,¡íth kind regards,

No. 175 To J. A. Bartrum. June 26, 1937 Dear Professor Bartrum, Many Èhanks for sending to me a reprint of your paper "Honey- comb !treatherlng of Rocks near the Shore-ll-ne" whlch I have read with much interest. Simllar weathering occurs al ong the New South Wales coast between Sydney and Broken Bay in homogeneous Triassíc sandstones and shales (l¡hich are very similar to the Upper Permlan sediments at Newcastle) and in the Jurassic sandstones and shales at San Remo (to which you refer), and there is no doubt that, 1n practlcally every case, the honeycomblng is due to sea spray. Nefther wlnd nor rain has any influence ín the formatlon of the pJ-ts, except that probably the wind may remove some of the disintegrated materl-al. I' therefore, agree wlth you as to the general orígin of the pl-ts. In the locall-ties mentioned by me, pitting occurs on vertl-cal r¿alls as well as on the gently lncltned or subhorízontal surfaces 110

to which you refer. Even on vertical faces, the minute irregular- iÈies that occur would per:nít the lodgnent of some vraÈer. Your statement as Ëo crysÈalllzatlon and solution being the probable cause of the pits, I am dísposed to agree with, although I have not pafd enough attention to the phenomena to express a definite opinion. I am inclÍned, however, to Èhínk that, in additíon to the causes mentioned by you, the mechanical force of the sharp blor¡s of the drops of spray musË fínd weak spots, and so cornmence or aid ín the initial formation of the pits. Along portions of the Victorian coast where the rocks consist of dune limestone, I believe pitting occurs both by spray and rain, for the carbonate of líue loosely contaíned therel-n 1n the form of minute fragments of shells is easily dissolved both by rain and sea spray. I have not hitherto paid uuch attentíon Èo the pltting of these rocks, but ¡¿ill extend my observatl-ons as opportunity permits. Along that portion of the New South tJales coast to which I have referred above, I am convinced that the acÈion of Èhe spray is not only strong enough to honeycomb the rocks, but is also Iargely responsible for the formation of narrohr shelves well above ordinary high tide mark. This I pointed out in the paper that was read at the Auckland Meeting of Èhe A.N.Z.A.A.S. ln January 1asË. I hope nor^r to have the substance of thät paper published eíther as a whole or in parts.

No. :-.76 To. J. A. Bartrum. August L4, L937 Dear Professor Bartrum, Many thanks for your letter of the 12th ult. and for the very interesting photograph accompanying it. I should much like to have the loan of Scherberfs paper and shall return it promptly to you. I am much obliged to you for your offer. I agree with you that Èhe block of basalt must have been ro- t.ated, and also that Èhe plts started in Ëhe vesfcles. From its general appearance, the basalt seems to be faírJ-y fresh, and it is remarkable that pitting has advanced to such an extent. It must have been exposed for a long perlod. As you point out, Èhe walls of the pits are very Èhin and they must have been "strengthened" in some rray. One remarkable feature the photo brings out most clearly, and that ls that the walls of all the pits, even Èhe smallest, are polygons and not as one would be predísposed to think curved out- lines, that is approachlng circles, ellipses &c. This suggests Èo me that the rrstrengthening" of the walls is along orlginally defined lines - that is along a system of minute joints, ínvislble to the naked eye until differentiated by the pítting action, buÈ the system would be extremely minute, seel-ng that some of the polygonal cells are so small. That, however, is not ímpossible. There fs no doubt of ¿ôurse that many of the larger cells represent a coalescence of several smaller ones. The subject ls a most interestíng one, and I sha1l be glad to 11r hear from you agaín ín íts connection. I hope shortly to be out in the field again r¡hen I shall pay particular attentíon to pttting amongst different classes of rocks. I have studied pittíng pretty closely in semi-aríd Western Australia' and, íf you would like a copy of my PaPer on that subJect, I shall be pleased to send it t.o you, not of course that ít will help in the spray-pltting problems. With kind regards,

P.S. Shall I return the Photo you sent?

No. l-77 To J. A. Bartrum. Nov. 23, 1938 Dear Professor Bartrum. Many thanks for so kindly sending me rePrints of various recenÈ papers by yourself, all of which I have found interestfng. I{ith all good wlshes for your future \¡rork'

No. 178 To K. Bryan, Department OcË. 22, 1935 of Geology, Harvard Univ- erslty, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts' U. S.A. Dear Mr. Bryan, I do not think that I have hitherto acknowledged the reprínts that you sent to ue some time ago and for whl-ch I now thank you. I am especiatly interested in the tríbute whích you have paid to Professor ÌI. M. Davis. I shall always be pleased to receive copies of any PaPers that you publish, and any that I issue I shall send reprints of same to you. lüith kind regards '

No. L79 To K. Bryan. June 25, 1936

Dear Mr. Bryan, Many thanks for sending Èo me your recent interestlng pedlment paPers. I shall be much obliged if you will continue to send me reprlnts of your publicaÈions. I,llth kind regards,

No. 180 To G. Cazaux, June 29, 1933 Dordogne, France. Dear Sir, The Council of the Royal Soclety of Victoria has asked me to LL2 furnish to you the information desired concernl-ng the marine sand dunes of Victoria. I shall Prepare a statement as soon as possible & forward same to you. I presume that when published you wíll forward me some copíes.

No. 181 To G. Cazaux. Dec. 15, 1933 Dear Sir, I am in receipt of your letter of the 16th of October last and have noted your remarks as to what you require concernfng the Victorian sand-dunes. I regret very much that I have not yet had time to PrePare the article, but I hope soon to be able to do so. It ínvolves' hor¿ever, some bibliographical research. TrusÈing that I am noÈ inconveniencing you too mucht

No. 182 To G. Cazaux. l"lay 23, 1935 Dear Sir, Referring to previous correspondence regarding an article on the Vfctorian Sand Dunes, I beg Èo offer you my most sincere apology for not being able hitherto to comply with your request. If you still desíre to have the article and wíll ínform me to that effect, I shal1 make a, special effort to PrePare and forward one to you.

No. 183 To Chalrman of Dírectors, Iundated] Celebration Gold Míne, Melbourne, Victoría. Dear Sir, re ProsDectus of the Company 1 ¡m in recpt. of your letter of the 23rd Sept. last in answer to my letter to your Company of the 14th idem. My anshrer has been delayed owing to my beíng so much out back. Your expressíon of regret is noted by rne with satisfaction, but I think that something roore than that expressíon is desireable. I real1.ze that ít may be practically impossible for the prospectus to be withdrawn, but I consider it reasonable to request that in any fresh prtnting of the prospectus the paragraph on p. 6 should be omitted altogether as suggested by you or a statement should be added to lt making it clear that the letter is quoÈed at lengÈh on p. 16, wl-th a refce. to the date of publication. I shall therefore be glad to have the Companyts undertaking to give effect to one of these alternatives. I regreÈ that I must dlffer from you as to the effect of the publication of the extraet on p. 6, sínce I think that the only 113 conclusion a reasonable person could draw from that extract ís that my statement r^7as comparatively recent. I rnighÈ point out that whilst no doubt you are at liberty to quote my statenents that are contd. in a public document, such as Èhe bulletins of the Geol. Surv. of I^I.4., yet Èhat liberty cannot be exercised in regard to certain letÈers which appear in the press without the consent of the auÈhor. It was in view of thís aspect of Ëhe matter & for the manner in which the quotations were made thaÈ I made ít clear that I reserved my rights in regard thereto' as I still do. lCopy of this draft to Honman 9/1-1-135 with my letter to the mine & the latterrs reply. Also returned his eopy lre. of the 23/9135 (JTJ)l

No. 184 To F. Chapman, May 5, 1934 Balw¡m, VicÈoria. My dear Chapman, I have not heard further from you regarding the Alga, a photograph ín connection with which I sent you some little tÍure ago. I now enclose a further specimen, but this one was collected from the edge of Spring Creek at Torquay about a quarter of a mÍIe from its mouth. It appears to me to be the same as that already sent to you' but it may be of interest to you in that it has been collected so close to the sea. I was under the Ímpression that you and Miss Crespin had published a papeï on Albany in addítion to the preliminary one writÈen by both of you for Èhe A.A.A.S. MeeËing in Perth in 1926, buÈ, if published, I have been unable to locate iÈ. ltril1 you be good enough Èo let me know if anyÈhing other than'the 1926 paper has been published by you and Miss Crespin as I desíre to refer to it in my preface or in an appendix to Èhe new edition of the Inlestern Austra- lian Physfography? When writíng, I shall be also obliged if you could let me have any references givíng descriptions of the Víctorian coastal sand-dunes, as about twelve months ago I promised to wrlte a paper on the subject for some French Society, but I have made no progress ¡¿ith ít up to date. Trusting that I am not giving you Èoo much trouble and wiÈh - very kind regards,

No. 185 To F. Chapman, National April 11, 1935 Museum, Melbourne, VlcÈ.oria. My dear Chapman, Thanks very much for your letter of the Bth insÈ. and Èhe accoupanying identifícations. There is no need Ëo return the mater- íal forwarded. The exacË straÈigraphical position of the deposit wi1l, I think, constÍtute a difficult probleur, but I hope to go Ínto the maÈter more exhausËively. l.IiÈh very kind regards and trusting thaÈ you are well, LL4

P.S. I^tould it be troubling you too much to plck out of the mater- ia1 specimens of the shells you have identffíed? I want to brush up my knowledge of recent uollusca. I should be much obliged lf you could do so & if you would advise me when I could pJ-ck them up¡ T would arrange to do so.

No. 186 To F. Chapman. Nov. 11, 1936

My dear Chapman, I should be greatly obliged if you would correct the nomenclature of the list of shells given l-n Mulderts paper (Roy. Soc. Vic. XIV (n.s.) 2, p. 82 (1901) at p. 84) by Tate. To save you as much trouble as possible, I attach the list, wiÈh space for you on the right-hand side to make any necessary corrections. Are all the shells recorded now living and have you any further records from the same bed? If so, I should be glad to have partículars. Mr. Coul- son and I are preparing a paper on the Portarl-lngton deposiÈ and are desirous of comparing the fossil contenÈs with those of the Moorabool Viaduct. I am also sending you by a separate packet. sorne shells whl-ch exíst on our coast, and I should be very pleased if you would identify them for me. You need not return the shellsr just give me the names and refer to the numbers attached to each shell. Trusting that. you and Mrs. Chapman and the farnily are well, and with very kind regards,

P.S. I am leaving for Sydney tomorro\^I & shall not be back for about a week or 10 days.

No. 187 To F. Chapman. Dec. 2L, L936

My dear Chapman, I am glad to have your letter of the l1th lnst. for I certainly r¡/as surprísed at your remarks at the meet.ing ln vlew of your letter to me returning Èhe paper. I think that the discovery of the PortarlÍngton beds shows the need for close lnvestigatlon of the apparently non-fossllifer- our Tertiary or Post-Tertiary beds around Port Phillip Bay' but I doubt wheËher I sha1l have the tíme to underËake lt. I should be glad 1f you'would fornulate 1n a letter to me your objections to the nomenclature suggested by Coulson and myself. I thought that every one agreed that where Èhere may be doubts as to Ëhe exact correlaÈ1on of our deposits rrrl-Èh the European ones, local n¿[nes r^rere desirable. I^Iith best wishes for Christmas and the New Year, 115

No. 188 To F. ChaPman. Jan. 2L, L9j7

My dear Chapman, Many ihanks for your letter of the 4th ínst. , which I would have acknowledged earlier but for the fact Èhat I have had a very severe attack of lunbago, which kept rne in bed for the best part of a week and from which I have not yet completely recovered. I am going through the paper again, and will bear in mind your remarks as to Èhe difficulty of correlation with dl-stant exposures. The only detaíls that I have been able to find re the sorrento bore are contained in the Records of the Survey Vol. III Part 4¡ pp. 400, 401 , 402 and 407. If you have.published further details, I shall be very glad to have the reference. tr{hen we meeË, vle can have a general talk over the position. I^lith all good wíshes,

No. 189 To F. Chapman. March 13, 1937

My dear Chapman, I think I thanked you over the tphone for your letter containing the reference to the sulphat.e of soda treatment for the lumbago. If I did not do so, please accept my Èhanks for your ÍnformaÈÍon. I am enclosíng with this letter the revised ms. of the Portarlíngton paper, which is now being printed I believe, and which, you wil-l observe, Coulson and I have resÈrícted, so far as correlation 1s concerned, to Èhe Port Phillip district. I still think thaË a wider subdivision could be made, but more detalls would be advisable than are at Present available. I shall be glad if you wlll go through the paper at your Ieísure, and, if you have any points of critícism, I shall be glad to have same so that, if adopted, they could be ineorporated ln Ëhe paper when the first proofs come to hand. Trusting that you and Mrs. Chapman are well, I,IiÈh very kínd regards '

No. 190 To F. Chapman. Aprl1- 6, L937

My dear Chapman, Thanks very much for your letter of the 24th ult. It has been very good of you to take so much trouble over the matter, and I feel that Coulson and I have been imposing on your good nature to some extent, but my only consolation is that our PaPer has suggested var- íous points of view to you which you nlght not otherwise have gíven cons ideration. I have now received the proofs for correction, so that I am afraíd I could not make many alterations even lf it were desirable 116

to do so. I note the result.s of your prelimlnary examinatlon of the sample of 520 feeÈ of the Sorrento bore, and ÈhaÈ it is not a typical dune rock but. a moderately shallow sediment. This, I think' agrees wlth the statements that we have made in our paper, and I see no reason for not provisÍonally íncluding the 490-520 serles with the Portarlíngton beds. Coulson and I cannot agree that. Èhere are any dune limestones older than the nehTer basalt, and, therefore, rn'e shall have to leave Èhe paper as seen by you. Thanks for your remarks regarding the Altona shell beds, which we did not, l-n the body of the paper, defÍnítely state as Holocene, but which hre made quite clear in the t.able at the fooÈ belonged to that group. I have nade some minor alterations to the paperr buÈ it must nohT go to press, and further consideration can be given Ëo any other points subsequently. Thanks for your congratulatíons, and also for your valuable assistance throughout. I hope that you have a pleasant holiday at Dromana I.IesÈ. I.{ith all good wishes,

P.S. Coulson suddenly thought abouÈ the Lara and Ltmeburnerst Point freshwater llmestones. l^le have now included Èhese in the paper, and I enclose a copy of whaÈ r¡re are saying in regard thereto if the Editor will permit insertion.

No. 191 To E. deC. Clarke, July 7, 1931 Professor of Geology, The Unlversity of l{estern Austra- 1ia, Perth, üIestern Australía. Dear Clarke, Thanks for your letter of the 22nd ult. I must apologize for not dealing with your long & lnterestlng physiographíc letter which I am amazed to find is dated the 25th November last. I acknowledged 1t & then r{ent ar,ray for a holiday, intending to consider it fully on my return, but one thing after another has cropped up so that lts consíderaËlon has been postponed. The fact that Èhere has been very líttle chance of iuunediate publication of the new ediËion of the I^I. A. Physiography has also perhaps more or less unconsclously been responsible for my delay, I shall now however try to make amends by this letter, as I recognize that you are interested in the various polnËs as well as myself. I an glad that you have drawn my attention Ëo my error ltn stating?] Johnsonrs ldeas on Èhe origin of the scarP. As I told you I only had a few minutes with hín ln the traín on Èhe subject & consequently was not sure whether I had grasped Èhe sallent poínts. I now note therefore that he considers that the monoclinal fold (if there be one) was formed after the deposition of the Jurassic & lat.er rocks on the old crysÈalllnes. "Highly incllned" applted to the scarp is an exaggeration & LL7

requires correction. Now for your specific items (1) (2) & (3). (1) In ny MS (p. 78) you will fínd that I refer to your & I{illiarnsrs record of.2 terraces ln the valley of the Helena River, at about 250 and 450 feeÈ above sea-level respectively & the interpretation as probable pauses in the uplift of the Darling Peneplain. If you are right about the 500 feet shelf along the front of the scarp, what is the origl-n of ft? Can you correlate it wl-th the 450 feet terrace of the Helena? But if you can hor¿ do you explain it? The terrace of the river valley is of course capable of interpretation by uplift, but the shelf rnight be due to step faultlng or uarine abrasion when the land stood lower ín regard to sea-level, but there is probably no evidence of marine abrasion. lJoolnoughrs Ridge Hill Shelf, is about 200 ft. above sea-1evel, so that ít is not identical with that. Can it be a step-fault between the top of the peneplain & the RÍdge HÍlI Shelf? Is it laterl-te-covered? Is the Rídge Hill Shelf a verity & do you thínk Tùoolnough's explanation correct? The position would be compl-icated if Johnsonrs third or fourth Èheory proved to be correct. It seems to me to be difficult to account for your shelf by differential aÈmospheric erosion, unless there r\rere an old step- fault in the crystallines or a ro11 in the monocll-nal fold (if that occurred), which has sínce been uncovered. (2) Your díscovery of Jurassíc or Lor¡er Cretaceous rocks on the face of the scarp is most interesting, but until further records are obtained, its interpretation will be difficult. If it be a veneer, it may favour the monoclíne, but if so should not lts com- ponent strata have a definlte díp & suppose the díp is there, could 1È be an old landslJ-p frorn the surface of the peneplaín preserved by unusual conditions? On p. 43 of the first edíÈion of the trI.A. Physiography, I point out that the Darling Fault appears to continue to the north of the Geraldton-MÈ. Magnet raílway but that the scarp is not in exlstence; ÈhaÈ ít 1s evidently an old fault llne & that renewed movement along it ín the southern portíon has produced the scarp, which is consequently terured a 'rrevived fault-scarp.t' If it be a fault-line scarp or a monocllnal- fold, it is difficult to understand why differential- eroslon should take place ln the southern area & so expose the old fault plane on the face of the monoclinal fold Ín the old crystallines & should not take place in the northern portlon, where the rocks are substantially a¡s snme for erosion purposes. Thís polnt I have made in the MS of the new edítion & to my mínd, if ny facts are correct, it is strong evldence of the scarp being a fault scarp. On p. 94 oÍ. the lst edition I show the bevellíng of the crystalline & sedl¡nentary rocks to form Èhe peneplain as shown ln your sketches as the third stage ín the format.ion of the scarp elther as a fault-llne scarp or a monoclinal fo1d. (3) Your notes & diagr¿tms on sheets 2 and 3 of Geology I are ínteresting, but I flnd great dlfficulty ln reconciling all- the facts. Before fuIly discussing the matÈer, I should like your views as to the later history of that portion of the Swan River which traverses the Swan Coastal Plain. Questions that come to mind are:- 118

1. When díd the t'drowning" take place? 2. I¡lere not the coasÈal limesÈones at Kingrs Park Ín exist,- ence at the tine of the drowning & are not the cllffs at Kingrs Park substantlally due to erosl-on by the meanderlng Swan before the drowning? 3. Has not elevation taken place slnce the drownlng? 4. Your notes & diagr.âms suggesÈ that the coastal limesÈone has been formed since the recent small elevation. 5. Your notes & diagrãtrs appear to me to erplain the general eonditions of the formation of the coastal plain & of its subsequent elevation. Then apparently the Swan cut into the Guildford clays & the limestone, after whlch submergence Ëook place giving the presenÈ features. On this hypothesls t.he submergence followed Èhe elevatíon & not více versa as hitherto supposed; it would overcome some dlf- ficulties that I have long vaguely felt, but whích I have not tried to analyze. But then whai about Somervlllets raised spits? Are they genuine? I,Iithout ref erring Èo his Paper, hís uplJ-f ted \¡/ave- cut platforms appear to me to be of no value as they seem c1ear1-y Èo have been formed at present sea-level. If however there ís definite evidence of elevation since the drowning, then we may have- (a) Elevatíon of the shell beds & formaÈion of the coastal limestone (b) Trenchlng by the Swan & its tributaries (c) Submergence (t'drowned'r valleys) (d) Slíght re-elevatfon 6. Can you not definítely separate the coastal limestone from the dune linestone? I have been studying an exactly sLmllar rock on the VlcËorian coast a good deal latety & in my opiníon it ls quite distinct from the recent dunes. The boundary ll-ne ls sharp & the top of the limestone is almost invariably marked by a band of tra- vertine. The limestone has been subjected to consfderable maríne abrasíon (see my Port Phillíp Bay paper). 7. Last April I had Èhe good forÈune to see certaín of the conditions that you suppose occurred to form Èhe Swan Coastal P1aín' actually ln existence just by Cape Bridgewater 1n the west of Vic- torla. It was a motor car trip only buÈ the facts were plaln. I'Ie stood on the top of an old sea cllff of dune llmestone. At 1Ès foot & parallel to the old & Present coast lfne stretched a lagoon for many ml-les. Beyond the lagoon was a wide belt of recent dunes, much l-ower than the limestone' stretching to the sea. There appeared to be no recent upllft here, but of course close examin- aÈl-on r^rould be necessary to verlfy thís, but other portions of the coast 1n the neighbourhood gave no lndication of elevatlon. Trustlng Èo hear from you on these vaTLous poínts when you can find ttme (that valuable conrnodity) Èo write,

No. I92 To E. deC. Clarke. Nov. L2, L931-

My dear Clarke, I had just Jotted down some notes to ans\.ler your leËter of the 16th September last (whlch I acknowledged on the 25th of the 119

same nonth) when your letter of the 5th inst. came to hand wtth the photographs mentioned by you. I shall now, therefore, deal with both leÈters, but, before going into physiographic matters there are one or tr^ro prelimÍnary thíngs that I wish to refer to. I pm much indebted to you for the great trouble you have taken l-n sending me the various info::nation whÍch has been collected by you and your students, and I also wísh you to thank Messrs. Ter- rill and Fletcher for the Èrouble they have taken. I am delighted Èo receive all your informatlon, but I fear that my crit.icism and conrmgnts may noÈ be of much value seeing that there is so much of the ground that I am not nor¡r personally acquainted ¡¿ith. If, however, you will send me further informatf-on from tfme to tlme, I shall be pleased Ëo give you my thoughts on the varlous poínts raised by you for what they are worth. I also wish to thank you very much for your invítation to vislt the lÎest and for your kindly thought regardíng accoÍmodation. My wife and I have long desíred to have another peep at Èhe Inlest, but at present I do not see any immgfliate prospect of going over there. Should, however, the opportunity arise, I shall co¡nmunicate r¿ith you and r¡re may be able to fit in the time to agree with your vaca- t.ion so that we should have the opportunity of runnl-ng about together to see all the new poÍnts of vie¡¿ that you and your students have found. Your reference to possible unemployment I hope is noÈ seríous as it would be a calanity if any of the University Departments should have to close; but I should say it is no use r¡rorrying abouÈ matters of thaÈ kínd. I trust Ëha! your sehool book is progressing falrly well, although I realise that when you are working wíth others iÈ l-s a matter of slow progress. I,'Ialther sent me a copy of hís book "Das Gesetz der lÎú'sten- bildung in Gegenwart und Vorzeit" Fourth Editl-on L924, and, at the same time, I acquíred a copy from the Publtshers in Gennany, so that I now have two copies and if you have noË a eopy for yourself I shall be pleased to send to you my spare copy. I now come to the various poínts ralsed in your letter of the 16th September last. There is much inÈerestíng matter in that letter, but at present there are only certaln poinÈs that I am called on to deal wíth. 1. Absence of the Scaro north of Geraldton: I had not thought of the difference in rainfall between the Southern area and that about Geraldton, and the much lor,rer rainfall in the lat.ter dlstrlct would undoubtedly account to some ext.ent for the absence of eroslon ln the North; but I åm sceptical as to whether lt would account for the great difference 1n conËour between the two parts, even wiÈh such a low ralnfall one would expect a moderate amount of denudatlon in the Northern area. 2. Swan Coastal Plain History, P age 2 (3) of your letter: In view of the evldence of the bores sunk near the Swan Brewery, I am inclined to agree wíth your stages and (a) (b) L20 and (c) but I cannot see that subsequent to or contemporaneous with (c) there has not been a submergence. You say that the land exÈended as far trÎest as RoËtnest but admlt that the S¡¿an-Helena cut a winding channel with Mounts Eliza and Henry as residuals. How can Perth and Melvílle \,{aters have been forned íf not by submergence? I should like to have your víer¿s as to Èhe orlgin of these \^raters. Your (b) - elevation of the order of 50 feet - appears to correspond wiÈh rny (a) elevation + (b) trenching to be followed by ury (c) submergence (¡¿hích agrees with Terrillrs final stage) but with the omission of xûy (d) slíght re-elevation, but assoc- íated wiÈh your (c) narine erosíon. However, I shall say no more untíl I hear your explanatíon of the origin of Perth and Melville üIaters. 3. Separation of the CurrenÈ-Bedded Sandstones from the more recent dunes: I am glad to hear that you and Mr. Terri11 have reached this conclusion independenÈly; (I inadvertently referred to t'dune líme-stonesrt instead of recent dunes in rny letter to you of the 7th July last. About a line or È!üo lorver I used the latter expression and you understood my meaning.) Your determination of the sand-sÈones as sub-aqueous Ís very important, and I shall have to re-consider the general views held as Èo Èhe dune origin and of our símilar rocks. Have you references to the Sorrento and Portland bores? Those records may help you. If not, I shall look them up and I shall look forward to the publícatfon of Mr. Terrillrs work on the Swan bores. You no doubt are acquaínted r{ith the fact that tr{ílson of your Mining Engineerér Department has indicated Ëhat in his opinion part of the coastal lime-stone is of marine origín. If you have not the reference, I can give iË to you on lookíng uP my PaPers. 4. Conglomerates &c. at Bullsbrook &c.: Please Èhank Mr. Fletcher for his sketch maps and sections. AJ.l are very ínteresting, but I have no coment to make at present. I shall be pleased t.o have further ínforrnation at any tfue. I return Mr. Terrillts notes and sketches with many thanke. 5. Darling Scarp at Pín.i arrai The three photographs sent by you formÍng a panoramic view are extremely interestíng and are certainly dlfficult to account for on the fault scarp theory. I should líke to know, however, more of the actual facts, that is, where the granite ends along the líne of slope down towards the coastal plain. It looks on the surface as if there has been a denudation in the granlte to a lower level than that of the plateau generally, and then deopslts laid down on that uneven surface. Details, however, of the actual rock relations must be obtained before comlng to a deflnite conclusion and, in additlon of course the whole of the characters along the scarp generally must be considered. T2I

In addition to Èhe erosíon theory, of course, there might be at Pinjarra a gentle warp instead of a pronounced scarp, and there may be a series of baslns from South to North wíth less depressed areas between. One of Ëhese less depressed areas may be the Pinjarra Spur if we may so call it. I shall be ínterested to hear from you again at any time and to consíder further any other points that may come to light. It is very gratifyíng to find that so much work is belng done and it only proves again that to reach any satísfactory interpretation the most exhaustive field work mr¡st be undertaken. ltíth kindest regards,

No. 193 To E. deC. Clarke. Jan. 15, 1932 My dear Clarke, I was glad to receive your letter of the 24th ult. and to note that your school book although making slow progress was still progressing. hrhen you have to keep the price down, it is a very dff- ficult job to produce a book with suiÈable illustrations. rf r could be of any use ln the way of readíng your manuscript or making any suggestions, I should be pleased to do so, and, of course, rsould not look for any recognl_tion Ín the matter. I am forwardlng by separate packet Waltherrs book and trust Èhat it reaches you safely. You will bear in mind Èhat lt ís for you and not for the UniversiÈy. Regarding the term "Darling Range" I think that the word "scarp" should be restricted to the actual west-facing front of the plateau, and the plateau iÈself could be ca11ed the Darling Plateau as r suggested in my Perth paper many years ago. The term "range" should certainly be ellmínated as it is most uisleadÍng. I^lilsonrs reference to the origin of the coastal limestones is contained in his report on 0i1 Prospecting Areas Numbers 9 & loH 1n the Annual ReporÈ of the Mínes Department for trIestern Australía 1922 pp. 55 et seq. You will flnd tt referred to in my Surmnary for the A.A.A.S. Adelaide Meering 1924 p. 60. In reference to Èhe Portland and Sorrento Bores, see Records of the Geologlcal Survey of Victoría Vol. 3 part IV (a paper by Chapnan on the Mallee Bores). For the Portland Bore, see pp 401 e 407 and for the Sorrento Bore, see same pages. The Sorrento Bore ís also referred to ln Èhe Annual Report of the Mines Department of VÍctoria for 1910 (1911) p. L52. Regarding Montgomeryrs idea, the only reference that I can find at present is a paper by Montgomery entítled t'some Geological consideratlons Affecting lJestern Australfa ore Deposits'r in the transactions of the Australian rnstítute of Miníng Engineers vol. f30 (1909) pp 160 et seq. at page L72. You will note that l^Iilsons I conclusl-on ls thaË in Èhe main the coastal limestone rocks are due to Aeolian actíon and that ít is quite possible that there is a certaín anourìt of true marine ll-ne- stone whlch r¡as formed in shallow water during a recent period of L22

subsidence. I In reference to the origin of Perth and Melville lJaters ' shal1 have to consider your suggestion more carefully with the maps in front of me, but at present my view ls Èhat their contours clearly índicate an old ríver valley l-n which the river meandered cutting in at one place and leaving a sPur at another. You will' however, be in a better positlon to judge which theory is correct from your being able to go over the ground personally. Regardíng the scarp, there is one importanÈ feature which, if found, would throw a great deal of light on the matter and lt should be searched for. If a river from Èhe lower ground could be found penetrating the higher ground by a gorge and comlng out again t.o the lower ground, it would be proof of the differential uplift of the higher ground. Observations should be made to ascertain whether any such ríver exists. Such a feature appears in the Nepean Gorge l-n New South tr'lales and I have recorded the same thing in the case of the Yarra in what is knovm as the Yering Gorge. I am sorry Èhat I have not a copy of Èhat Paper avaílable, but ff you will look at the proceedJ-ngs of the Royal Society of Victoria for 1910 or 1911r you will'see my description there. You wíll also notice that I suggest that one of the fault scarps mentioned probably passes into a fold and this vlew has' I believe, been accepted by one or two who have studied the ground after me. Your observatl-on at Èhe foot of your letter that the only good you can no\¡/ do is Èo stir others uP causes me sone disqulet. Is it because your health does not permit physical exertlon or are you ttsnowed under" wlth routine at the University? If the former, I hope your health will soon pernit of field work and tf the latter then why not make a desperate effort, to get a certain anount of tl-me for research work? I,Iíth best wishes for L932,

No. 194 To E. deC. Clarke. April I1-, L932

My dear Clarke, Many thanks for your letter of the 9th February last whích I have been prevented from replying to by the pressure of many matÈers. I síncerely hope that you w111 be able to keep the Arthritis at bay as it is a painful conplalnÈ. The fact that you can shake it off by getting out l-nÈo the field should be an incentive to you to get there and help geological science !n Australla by some more orl-ginal work. It is a ptty after what you dld on the survey to let Ít go by default. I qm afratd that you give me Èoo much crediÈ 1n regard to the I^Iestern Australian physíography as the greaÈer portion of thaÈ was written in Perth, buÈ xoost of the abstracÈing of the reports was done in canp. L23

f am much ínterested tn the account you have gíven of your tríp to the extre¡e south west and the posl-tion of the Scott River is particularly ínteresting. According to the nap whích is available to me at present' belng thaÈ accompanylng rny 1912 Perth PhysíographÍc Paper 1n Bulletin 48, the Scott River runs para1le1 to the Southern coast and also parallel to the Blackr^rood River before ít makes its final turn to the south. It would seero thaË there must be an old sea índentation here judging by the estuary that aPpears at AugusÈa and by the course of the Scott River. Probabl-y the latter has been formed by the building up of a bay bar along the southern coasÈ and by that means making an extension to the south of that coast. It is an extraordinary thing that there are no southward draining streams between the Donnelly and the Blackwood. I suppose, however, beÈween the ScotÈ River and the westerly course of the Blackwood, there are streams draining to the norÈh to the Blaekwood, and the absence of southward dral-ning sÈreams níght possibly be accounted for by the fact of the old coastal indentation suggested by ne above, the formatíon of which would dest.roy the shorË south flowlng streams. I have no maps showing the ttsoundingsttín the Swan River, and shall be glad to have a coPy of same, and also a copy of l"Ir. Ter- rillfs Submarine Contour Map of the Swan. Itlíth the map at presenÈ avaílable to me, I do not follow the portions of the Swan referred to by you having a north-south trend and similarly of Jane Brook and Helena Ríver. The sketch map attached to your PaPer for the A.A.A.S. l-n 1926 shor^rs the Swan above and below the l,{oorooloo Brook running south, and ín abouË the same line there is a norÈhern trend of Jane Brook. Another portion of the Swan running south is below Upper Swan, but this apparently is due to the encroachment of the recent sand dunes. It seems to be evident from the general trend of the rivers that there must be a great depression somewhere about Midland Junction, and that the rfvers both from the norÈh and the south have found their rtray to that particular spot; hence the north and south courses may to some extenÈ be explalned by this fact. That 1s only a suggestion I throw out for your consideration, but it does seem as if the idea which I originally forned as to the Perth district being a gïeat sinklng basin is corroborated by the tendencies of the streams from all pointr; to direct the:nselves Ëo that part.. I shall always be glad to hear from you regarding any physl-o- graphÍ-c or geologfcal details and to give you the beneflt of ny thoughts thereon for what they are worth. If, aÈ any tíme, you should be comlng to Melbourne for a holiday, I wish you would 1et me know in advance so thaË I could endeavour to obtain some tjme to show you round. There is a wonderful amount of interesting materlal wl-thin a short radius of the City. At Easter tine, I spent a holiday at San Remo which lies at the south-eastern extrenity of I^Iestern Port Bay. Along the ocean coast there is a wonderful development of the fresh-rùater Jurasslc L24

rocks and they are extremely interesting on account of the currenÈ bedding and the variatíon from shales and sand-sÈones to grits, breccias and conglomerates wíth numerous large fragments of the trunks of trees. In addiÉion, the physiography is very interesting in connection with the questíon of raised wave-cuÈ platforrns, the evÍdence there elearly showing that where Ëhe tide 1s subject to great varlations in height, several platforms can be cut by the ¡¿aves at the same time, although of course Èhese platforms are very narrohr. Trusting to hear from you at your leisure and that you are noI^I in the best of health, P.S. Since writing the above I have receíved a letter fron Pro- fessor DougJ-as Johnson. I asked hím for critícism of that part of the PorË Phillip paper dealing with wave-cut platforms. He states that he is surprísed that the platfonns are exposed only at low tide, because in most cases the platforns, at least towards their inner borders rise 2 & frequently several feet above ordinary hlgh tide level. I wish you would give the matter consideration l-n the field as I am convinced that there is very líttle knol¡n about the subject.

No. 195 To E. deC. Clarke. July 28, 1932 My dear Clarke, Before wrlting to you about your Physiography and Geology, I desire Èo thank you for the reprinÈs of the papers by Miss Hoskíng and Messrs. Fletcher & Hobson which you kindly sent to me and whích I have found of considerable interest. I am returning by way of registered packet or pareel your manuscript of the Swan Physiography and Geology, and I Èrust that you recel-ve s¿rme safely. I regret that I have kept it so long, but I have only been able to gíve the last t!,/enty ml-nutes or half hour of the day Èo l-ts perusal. In regard to your main quesÈion as to wheÈher I consider the treatnent lacking in balance and the arrangement not good, after perusal of the whole of the manuscrlpt, I think that you have very well balanced the dlfferent parts and that your arrangement is good. I take the opportunlt,y of warmly eongratulatíng you on your book, and I think that you have made lt remarkably sfunple and clear, and very sultable for the class of students for whom it ls lntended. I am attaching on separaÈe sheets some detailed remarks ln regard to various points. Many of these, no doubt, you have already consídered, but as Èhey occurred to me Ln readl-ng through I arn forwarding them to you for what they are worth. If you care to send me the manuseript of your second part on the geology, I shal1 be glad to go through same, but I cannot promise to be any more rapid in my perusal than what I have been in regard to the first part. I^liÈh very klnd regards and wishing you every success for the book, 125

P.S. Since wríting the above I have received your letter of the 19th inst. whÍch I shall ansrfler laÈer.

re Swan Physlography and Geology lDear Clarke, I hope thaÈ you will fínd these noÈes intelligíble. They were dictated by rne from rough notes of ny own and also please do not think that they are dogmatic although their mode of exPres- sion may suggest iÈ. ]

Title: I note thaÈ )'ou use the word "Physiography" in prefer- to "Physical Geography" in your title, although in chapter 1 they are lnterchangeably used. -.n". 0f recent years, I have had ln my mind that physíography relates practically only to the nature of land forms and in this sense the word has been used in geological and other reports and papers. You have, however, good authority for the use of the term Ín the wider sense inplled by you, the terrn being first used by Huxley in 1877 in his book entitled "Physiography" in the preface of whlch he states that he borrowed the title which had already been long applied, in a dlfferent sense' to a Department of Mlneralogy. H. R. Mill also uses the title "The Realm of Nature, an Outline of Physiography." See second edition 1913' the first being published 1891. Salisbury also published hls Physiography in 1906 and in each of those three works the scope is somewhat similar and ín some cases wider Èhan yours. I thlnk that the tel¡t "Geomorphology" is now belng used more for the description of land forms, so that, the term "Physíography" is probably quite correct in regard to Èhe subject of the first part of your book. Another general point: I not.ice that you have portíons deall-ng with Lakes and ': Man, Underground l{ater and Man, Volcanoes and Man, Earthquakes and Man, but you have no sections deall-ng wl-th Rlvers and Man, the Ocean and Man, and Ice and Man. Each of these three sections could be made the subJect of interesÈing remarks and if so the manuscrlpt would then be more harmonious. Page 7 z "The soíl which covers the land surface serves Èo Pro- duce most of the food he eats" I ¡¿ould suggest Èhat after the word "produce" yo,t insert Ëhe words "directly or indír- ectly.tt Page B: The paragraph endíng wíth the word "appreclated." I would suggest to add the words "Hence this work may be regarded as prelimínary to the study of human geography." Page B: "Physl-cal geography is a science, that is, ít observes and records facts and from these facts tríes to reason out the underlylng causes". It may be a ref l-nement to say that physical geography does not observe' etc. but it ml-ght be 126

better to say that "physical geography ís a sclence, that is, facts are observed and recorded and from Èhese facts \Àre try to reason out their underlying causes and to pro- phesy what will happen from a given set of facts." Page 8: 'rThe study of physical geography will be most useful and interesting if the scíenti-fl-c method of observing facts etc." There is no scientífl-c method of observing the facts of science; the only method is Èo observe accurately and completely and this applles to any branch of human study where facts are desired to be ascertained. One could say "if (what is a sine qua non for a1l scíence) facts be accurately and fully observed and recorded and then be reasoned on. tt Page 10: Paragraph 2 - You say "the atrnosphere which completely surrounds the solid globe or lithosphere." Should you not add t'and. the hydrosphere?" Page 11: First paragraph "Physícal geography is the study of the external features on the earth." Does that statenent rnean the land forms only, whether below or above the sea, or does it ínclude the sea? Page 11: Second paragraph "NoÈ more than a hundred years" - I ttmorett should suggest insertíng ttmuchtt beÈr¿een ttnottt and as Huttonts book was publJ-shed from my recollection in about 1797. Page 12: Last paragraph "To uproot the belief eÈc.t' Your statement would imply that all vall-eys are formed by erosion. Should not some reference be made to the formation of some valleys by earth movements of which the f inest e

Page 63: The definitlon of a rock would imply that it was always composed of at least two rnineral-s. Page 64: "The rate of Èenperature-increase dtminishes with depth." prefix this statemenÈ with the words "below a certain depÈh. " Page 65: Second líne, Èhe words "falling togetheril seem rather out -Shonldof place. I r¡ould suggest the r¡ords "coming together" or ttcoalescing. tt chapter 6, Earth Movements. Evidence of earth movements at sea marglns' query necessary to point out that in uany cases the apparent uplift or subsldence is only relative. page 70: "If we examine the soundíngs of one of these inlets, we wiff find that its floor gradually deepens." Add "from each side of the inletr" and a little lower down instead of "sl-de inlettt say tttributary ínlet.tt Same Page: "I^Ie should soon learn that the sea always hTears etc.t' I would insert after the word "a1ways" the words "tends to wear" away the land to a nearly horizontal plain. Same Page: The definition of "contour line" looks as if it is meant for a submarine contour llne only. Page 71: Evidence of earth movernent inland. No reference to alsplacements by faults. Probably left ortt purPosely' Page 722 Under earthquakes, second ll-ne, "the frequent occurrence earthquakes.r' As you have not hitherto defined earth- "fquakes it perhaps would be better to ínerline before "earth- quakestt the words ttwhat are known as.tt Page 73: At the top, Is iÈ correct to refer only to the folding of the earthfs crust? Is threr not vertical or nearly vert- ícal displacernent without folding, due to tensíon or pressure? Page 79: You say that gases a¡e ejected. lflould it not be more correct to say thaÈ they are discharged fron the volcano? Then again "fIows" of lava can hardly be said Èo be ejected. Lava is ejected and flows. hlhy not refer to the fine exnmP- les of cínder cones in the \^Iestern distríct of Victoria. Examples: Mounts Noorat, Leura and Elephant. Page 85: "Afríca and Australia are the most free of all the con- tfnents from recent volcanic actiontr You could all "alÈhough in Víctoría such act.ion has only c,eased very recently geolog- 1cal1y speaking. " Page 86: Volcanoes and Man. Could add at the end "and in a lim- fte¿ area around Mount Gambier, South Australl-a, a deposlt of volcaníc ash has notably lncreased the fertility of the soil" Could refer to the great durability of basalt as a buíldíng stone (whether for foundations alone or as entlre butldtngs) as shown in Melbourne. No references Èo dykes or expllcítly to f l-ssure eruptions. Chapter 8: trlork of the Atmosphere. Is it correcÈ to descrlbe the effecËs referred to as Èhe work of the armos- phere? I{hile the phrase ís broadly correcÈ, l-È is not sÈricÈly so, slnce the sun whl-ch plays such an ímportant part (e.g. ínsolatlon) ls outside the atmosphere. A shorÈ statement 128

that the use of the phrase ís not quíte correct, buÈ that lt can be used if iÈs límítatíons be borne fn mlnd as a conven- ienÈ term - rnight be added. I notice, however, that you have made a somewhat slmilar remark under Al re Insolation but perhaps the remarks would be more suitable at the place suggested. Page 89: Could also note that the fine-grained greenstones break down into small angular fragments on account of the very close syster of Èhe irregular joints. Pages 93 & 94: Is enough credit given to the action of rain ín bringÍng about the changes specified even in the dry areas? Page 94: In reference to the actlon of the rain, could refer to the formation of destructive organic acíds as the result of the decomposition of vegetation. Page 95: "The quality of the soil depends partty therefore on the maËerial from which it has been nade and parÈly on the way in which it has been made, that is, on the climate of the region." It looks from this statement as if the climate hTere resPon- sible for both materials and process. Page 95 at the bottom: rrcharacter of the underlying rocks does not matter" It may make a difference in the water-holdíng cap- acity of the soil. Page 96: 6th line "No" washing away etc. Query should substitute "little" washing away etc. Paee 106: Did Hutton concl-usively show that the valleys were due Ëo river actíon? I have not read his book but I have an impression at the back of my mínd that he did not go very far in this directfon and Èhat it was his disciple Playfair who really showed concluslvely the origin of most valleys by river erosion. Page 108: Under Canyons "Corrode" should be "Corrade." Page 112: Meansers also occur as deep winding valleys. QuerY refer to "incisedtt or ttenÈrenchedtt meanders. Page 118: (c) Lowest tract. Could add that the valLey contlnues to widen and the low boundlng slopes to become lower and more gentle by the agency of rainwash. Paee 135: "Llfe of Lakes" This might mean the anlmal or Plant life found in the lakes. I^Iould ít not be better to say "Duratl-on of Lakes?" Page 140: Bottom paragraph. "Thís complex actlon of the \¡raves often causes the formation of caves and may even cut ríght through eÈc." The action wlll not cut -hrough so that the verbiage requfrs alterlng. Page 141: 3rd Paragraph. Query greater depth of erosíon Èhan here indl-cat ed. See Douglas Johnson "Shore Processes" pp. 79 et seq. Page I42: Examples of the protectíve apron of the harder frag- menÈs of íron-stone occur in the ferrugínous Tertiary grits in many plaees on the Port Phíllip Bay coast. Page 143: i'I.lh"t" sof ter rocks occur bays would be formed eÈc." It is necessary to qualífy this by saying "srnall bays woul-d be forned, unless there is a very pronounced al-ternation r29

along the coast of hard and soft rocks, "ot something simílar. Page 152: Lakes formed by land-slips. Formed along the course of a ríver but may have Èhern high up in the mountains as ín the famous Tali Karng near Mount 't{e1-1ington, North Gippsland' Victoria, where it is in a steep valley (See Gregory Geog- raphy of Victoria pp. 168' 169). Paee 152: Lava flows and Lakes. The surface of the lava may be uneven and ín this way small lakes may be formed; also loca1 subsidences or shrínkages of Ëhe lava may occur and so shallor¡ lakes may be fomed' as apparently ís the case of many of the shallow lakes of the newer basalt of the rrrestern disÈrlcÈ of Victoria. Page 156: B Lakes of the Interior. Should point out thaÈ "lakes" is really a misnomer as they are dry mosÈ of the year. You have referred Èo it on p. 15 but I think the statement urould be betËer here. Page 159: Lakes and Man. Could poínt out that numerous small lakes aJin the glaclated region of North Arnerica and elsev¡here make travelling and transport diffícult. Lakes also have food supplles in fish. Page 159: "I,ùlthout these lakes the great iron ore deposíts of th" region r^'ould not have been such an asset to the united States of Americatt Add ttas Èhey are.tt Page 167: Is it wise to refer to "pluckingr" as íf the process were unlversally accepted? Page 176: Swamps and springs. Shoutd make it clear that every sr^ramp is not due to a spring. Page 197: Bottom line "Fantastic rocks" Query should be "Fan- tastically carvedtt or ttshapedt' or ttformèd.tt Page 197: Further illustration of the effect of the removal of v.g"tation in the Mallee country (North-I^test of vlctorl-a) , ¡^rhere there ís much sandy soil . 0n re¡noval of the vegetation the sandy soil is stripped off by the wind and píled up 1n heaps against fences and other obstructl-ons. Page 2042 2. Deposits of lnorganíc maÈter, Shells, forms etc. Seeíng that these hard parts have been secret ed in the first place by animals, it seems rather out of place to speak of them as, deposits of lnorganic matter. Thus Geikfe speaks of límestones formed of anlmal hard rernains as organl-c rocks or of organlc orígfn. Page 209: Query 250 feet rise by Èhe ureltlng of Èhe glacler lce. is this so? I have not been able to check ít but I thought 1t was somewhere abouÈ 25 feet. Probably thís is a Èyplstfs error. [Dupltcate posted with 1eÈter to Clarke on 28/7 /32 (JTJ)] 130

No. 196 To E. deC. Clarke. August 26, L932

My dear Clarke, I duly received your letter of the llth inst. and am glad to know that you found my notes of some use to you' and also to hear that there Ís a reasonable prospecÈ of your book being publíshed fairly soon. Your geology wíll require no criÈicism from me, but íf Ít had been of any use to you I should have gladly read your manuscript. I have not heard fron you up to the ti¡ne of writing on the one or two poinÈs whlch you wished to discuss wíth me, but doubtless I v¡ill reeeive a letter , from you shortly on these points. Referring to your letter of the 19th July, which I acknowledged on the 28th of the same nonth, I sent to Tenner a sununary of the trIestern Australian physiography for the Scíence Congress. The summary r^ras naturally very short so that there is nothing very new in it. I am ínterested ín hearing that you may have a tríp to Eng- land at the end of the year, and Èrust that ít will come off. It wíll be extermely interestíng and instructive to you. I now refer to your letter to me of the 9th ¡ebruary last and my reply to you of the llth Aprll. I have no maps showing the "soundíngs" in the Swan Rlver, and shall be glad to have a copy of srrner and also a copy of Mr. Terrillts submarine contour maP of the Swan íf you can flnd tíme Èo send same to me. I hope that you can get your book through Ëhe Press without any further delay and am J-ooking forward to its publications. i,Iith klndest regards and best wlshes,

No. ]-97 To E. deC. Clarke. Nov. 1, 1933

My dear Clarke, I hear that you have returned from England and I hope that you have had a very good tlme there. You will no doubt be very busy to the end of the year, but, when you get an opportunity, I should like to have the references to your and Bartramrs work on shore platforms. Àlso at your convenience, you rnight send over the selectlon you are to make of those rock speeLmens of mine. You wfll, no doubt, have heard Èhat the new edition of the llestern Australian Physiography is being printed, and I shall expect to be returnJ-ng the proof sheets very shortly. I have enbodied l-n the new edition a statement of Johnsonrs víews regardlng the possibllities of the orl-gln of the Darling scarp, and I am enclosing for your info::matl-on a copy of what I am saying. I also refer to your suggestJ-on as to Èhe posslble effect of the 1o¡"¡er ralnfall in the northern area. I have not altered the orlgínal manuscrlpt regarding the drowníng of the lovrer Swan Rivert 131

but I propose, íf posslble, to insert a footnote, a copy of which I also enclose. The fooË-note follows your outline of the history of the lower Swan set out in your letter to me of the 16th SePten- ber 1931, but I find that I canriot fintsh iÈ l-ntell1gibly. It seems to me to be impossíble to account for the origin of Perth and Melville trfaters on your theory. They are adrníttedly old river plains or shallow valleys, and you regard Mount.s Eliza and Henry as monadnocks. I cannot imagine how the sea could reach there ¡¿hile marine abrasion is going on from beyond RottnesÈr so Èhat I æ sÈuck ín ny statenent and shall be glad if you will complete it for my consfderation. I have not cofisidered Terríllrs maps in detail, and those and the results of the bores may doubtless affect the questl-on. IË seems to me that, íf there has been no recent submergence, then there must have been no elevation, and we would have (1) the sea extending fron the scarp to Rottnest (2) an offshore bar or series of bars Èhrown up and the sites of Perth and Melville Waters darnrned up (but here agaín there ls a diffículty owíng to the sePar- aËion between Perth and Melvílle LÏaters.) The coastline would be exÈended by Èhe growth of dunes and deposits from the rlvers. The Swan frorn Melville l{ater would maintain its course - hence we have the narrow valley compared with thaÈ of PerËh and }Ielville l{aters. (3) Subsequently marine abrasion has been more powerful than deposition and the coasËllne has been cut back. The above schæe seems fairly reasonable except that we must bríng in elevation as shovm by the recent shell beds, and thls appears to destroy the theory. If we substitute the following, it rnay be more in accordance wíth the facts: (1) The sea extended from Èhe scarP to beyond Rottnest (2) Elevatíon took place (3) The rivers cut through the elevated land and the rocks beíng "soft" pe::mitted the Swan and Canníng Rivers to meander & so forn wide flood plains whlch are no\r occupíed by Perth and Melville !üaters. Lower down, Èhe Swan cut a narro\¡I valley through the harder rocks. That, I think, follows your ideas regarding Ëhe old river courses and windings of same (4) Shallor¡ submergence' resulting tn the drornmíng of the flood plains of the Swan and Canning Rlvers (5) No subsequent re-elevation. During (3) the land was cut back by marine abrasion, and during and after (4) the coastline became farther east owing to submergence but maríne abrasion still contlnued - hence the sea boÈtou between lrenantle and RoËtnest is essentially a plaln of marine abrasion. I do not know whether all this l-s íntelligíble to you as it has been very hurriedly dictated, but I should like to have your views thereon and partícularly someËhíng that I can insert as a foot-note to indicate that there is at least a doubt in your mind r32 as to rtrhether droming has actually taken p1ace. With very kind regards'

Rider A Duríng his recent víslt to Australia, Prof essor Douglas I'tr. Johnson suggested as alternative working hypotheses that the scarp may be due to differential erosion el-ther (1) along an old fault plane or (2) along the axis of a monoclinal fold of the Cretaceous and Tert,iary sedlments and of the underlyíng crystalline rocks. In either case the scarp produced by the faulÈ or fold would be renoved by peneplanation, and on subsequent uplift differential eroslon would produce the present scarp, which if the first-named process operatecl worrld be what. might be termed, following the analogy of the fault-line scarp, a "monoclínal fold-line scarp." (fnat term hor,¡ever is cJ-umsy and the wríter therefore suggests that l-t be changed Èo "monofold- line scarp" and correspondingly the name for a scarp produced by a monocllnal fold be '\nono-fold scarprt). These valuable suggestions by Professor Johnson must be borne in mind in any further study of the Darling Scarp. It may, however, be permíssible here to refer to other consídera- tions which suBgest that recent renewed faulÈing has acÈually occurred and is responsible for the present scarp. (then "The apparent fault" &c.) 133

No. 198 To E. deC. Clarke. Feb. 6, 1935

My dear Clarke, I was sorry that I could not see more of you when you were in Melbourne because I find there are many other things that I wlshed to discuss with you apart from those that we did dlscuss. I do not know whether you saw Fenner before you left Mel- bourne to arrange for hím to send ue a copy of any report he was preparing as arranged between ourselves, but I have heard nothing frorn hím so far. I enclose for your perusal a copy of my report to Fenner 1n case it nay be useful to you ln dealing with your o\,Jrt report. I trust that you had a very good time on the o

No. 199 To E. deC. Clarke. March 13, 1935 134

My dear Clarke, I musÈ apologlze f.or not earller acknowledging your¡ letter of the 18Ëh ultimo, but I was ín hopes of beíng able to report something from lenner regarding our reports to him. I have, however, been very busy and have not yeÈ communicaÈed w1Èh hlm, so that I thoughÈ I had better acknowledge your letter and answer what parts of s"me that I could. I shall write to Fenner and see what he is doing and then advise you. I note your latest ldea regardíng the Darling Scarp, but, I em afraid I shall not be able to contribute further to the dis- cussíon. I,rltrat, of course, is really wanted is the collection of facts and more facts both ín regard to the Scarp and to the physiography of the interíor. You are right regarding the Goldfield rocks; I only require a selection of the most important types from my or^m collection, and would be very pleased if you coul-d supplenent it where necessary wiËh rocks from other localíties as you have been good enough to suggest. The copy ReporÈ that I sent to you with my letter of the 6th is, of course, for you to retain, and I am assuming that the copy you sent to me ls also for my reÈention. Give my regards to Blatchford, Simpson and any others that I know when you meet then. I trust that Simpson is ÍmprovÍng in health. I{ith very kind regards,

P.S. Since writing the above I have,received your leÈter of the 7th inst. advising me that you are despatctr-ing a box of rocks for me. Many thanks for your t.rouble. You will no doubt advise ne of Èhe steamer by which they are comíng.

No. 200 To E. deC. Clarke. Marcl:. 27, 1935 My dear Clarke, I ¡"rrote to Tenner regarding our reports of the A.N.Z.A.A.S. Meeting ín January, and he has replíed stating the positíon. So far as I am concerned, I shall take no further action in the matter and am writing Fenner to that effect. I enclose for your perusal copies of ny leÈter to Fenner of the 20th inst., his reply of the 22nd tnst. a¡rd my reply to him of todayts date. Will you please ïeturn the correspondence to me when you have looked through same? trrÏf-th very kínd regards,

No. 201 To E. deC. Clarke. April 4, 1935 þ dear Clarke, the box forwarded by you cane safely to hand, but it was 135

delayed owing to it being carried to Sydney and having to be returned to Uelbourne. Many Èhanks for the trouble you have taken in forwardl-ng sæe to me; I have noÈ opened it yet, but the contents w111, of course, be as you mentioned. Irr one of uy recent letters, I mentioned ín regard to your suggestion regarding the Darling Scarp that I would not be able to take further part in discussing the matter. I do not wísh you, however, to think thaÈ I am not still taking an interest ín I^lestern Australian physiography. I shalI, therefore, be pleased to hear of any furËher facts or ideas that you uay obtain or have. t{ith very kind regards,

No. 202 To E. deC. Clarke. March 13, 1937

My dear Clarke, I think I owe you an acknowledgmenÈ for some publícatlons from your Departnent whlch reached me just before Christmas. I assume that you did not go to New Zealand, oËherwise you would have called on me el-ther going or returnÍng. Unfortunately I could noÈ go, buÈ I had a paper on the question of recent ele- vatÍon in the vicinity of Sydney, whieh caused a good deal of discussion, Èhe Sydneyites being in favour of elevation and the New Zealanders favourfng non-elevation. I am quite satisfied that a good deal of the evidence which has been adduced ín support of the ídea of no elevaÈíon is of no value, and my paper, when published, which r^rill not be by the Associatlon, should eliclt sonie more evidence, if there be any. Trusting that you are well, and !üith kind regards,

No. 203 To E. deC. Clarke. Nov. 10, L937

My dear Clarke, I have much pleasure ln sending herewit,h a copy of a paper by Mr. Alan Coulson and nyself on some marine deposits at Port- arlington in Port Phillip Bay, the occurrence of whích has suggested a subdl-visíon of the Pleistocene beds in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Bay. This, I think, is the first aËtempted sub- dlvision of the Victorían Pleístocene, and it shows that thls period has been of greaÈ duration, and will provide rnaterlal for mueh study. I should like to knor.r whether you think iÈ may help in the correlatíon of the post-Tertiary beds of Perth and the surrounding country. Do you still hold the víews set out in the footnote on p. 91 of the second editlon of the l^I. A. Physiography? If so, then - (1) I,Ihat would be the age of the marine beds forníng the 300 ft. plain, and by what deposits are they now represented? 136

Q) At what stage was the coastal (dune) lí-mestone forted and under what conditions? (3) If the coastal liuesÈone were formed after the uplift of the maríne p1ain, did the Swan malntaín lts course through the calcareous sands whích eventually becane the coastal l-imestone? If so, then the subsequent hardeníng of these sands has taken place whilst Èhe Sr¿an was meandering ¡mongst then. (4) I{ould you place the coastal límestone in the Pleístocene or RecenÈ or both? (5) Do you think that Èhe marine plaín beds may be of lower Plel-stocene age and therefore substantially conËemporan- eous with the Portarlington beds? (6) The Bunbu¡y basalÈ ís, I thÍnk, older than the coastal limesÈone. Is there any evidence as to whether the basalt Ls of PleÍstocene or upper Tertiary age? I think that we are jusÈ beginning to reaLLze that there 1s a treuendous amount of work to be done in Èhe Pleistocene of Australía, and I am getting interested 1n it. IÈ has been the Cin- derella of Australian sEratigraphy. I thtnk perhaps a year or so ago you lrrote to me offering me the inspection of any photos you míght obtal-n bearing on Australian coastal physiography. I am afraíd that I did not acknowledge your kind offer, and hence tender you my sincere apologies. I should be glad of any photos or fnfotoation bearlng on the subJect. Have you seen BlaËchford, Sf-mpson or Talbot lately? If you meet any of themr please glve them my klnd regards and accept the sarne yourself. Trusting Ëhat you are wel1,

No. 204 Do E. deC. Clarke. Feb. 4, 1938 My dear Clarke, I acknowledged your letter of the 23rd Novenber last on the 15th Decenber last and then mentíoned that I would write you more fully later on. I must thank you for all the Èrouble you have taken 1n answerlng my questions, and I can assure you that ít is a pleasure to discuss any maÈter wlth you. I quiÈe agree that, to make any de- finiËe advance, thorough study of one small area or of one problem must be undertaken. I note your remarks as to the old courses of the Swan and hope that you w111 be able to publish sornethlng on thls shortly. The narrow valley at Blackwall Beach has always been difflcult to understand. Regarding the coastal llmestone, may not the lower parts be marine and then pass up lnto the dune lÍ-mestone. Thís is the idea that Coulson has regarding many of our Victorian dune limestones and he may be rlght, but so far I do not thlnk that any l-37

marine fossils have been disinterred from the lower beds and there is no apParent break in the beds. rf Coulsonrs idea 1s noÈ true, then we rnust have had a subsídence of the dune ll¡estone since its formation, since it passes below sea level. The possibillty of the passage from tarine beds to dune limesÈones is very great when we consíder how many bay bars are formed, of course of ^rlne beds, on which dunes are then super-imposed. Have you seen the cutÈings down by the Henderson Naval Base. I,rrhen work there was in progress much of the stone rras quarried out and the lower beds contained marine mollusca. My visit hTas a very hurried one and unfortunately I have neither notes nor spec'imens and my mernory is hazy about the rnatter. I believe, however, that some of the shells I then collected were deposiÈed wíth the Geolog- ical Survey. Did I ever mention this Èo you before? I note the apparent relative ages of the Bunbury basalt and coastal limestone and I think that there may be an exter¡sÍve lower Plel-stocene series in Australia (e.g. at the Swan River, Port Arl- ington, Victoria, and the Hunter River beds at Newcastle with probably others which may hítherto have been consídered quite recent raised beaches. I am collectíng evídence as to this. You know, of course, of Skeats and Jamesr work on the basalÈs of the trfesÈern District of VictorÍa. If their theories are correct, then there must be a very considerable interval of tfme betv¡een the ne\^ler basalts around Melbourne and those described by them. The Bunbury basalt Ís probably nearer in age to the Melbourne ones than to the l{estern Distrlct ones. Recently Blatchford and Forman were in Melbourne and I had the pleasure of p couple of good talks with tho. I understand thaË the Northern Australl-an work is to be taken on for another yeat, so thaÈ we should, when the maps and reports are publishedt have a very great íncrease of geological knowledge of that part. I thtnk Honman worked very strenuously on his portion and no doubt- when his results are publíshed, they wl1l be very interestíng. I^Iith kínd regards, P.S. I think I mentioned ín rny last letÈer thaÈ I would be pleased to read the manuscrlpt of any paper Èhat a sÈudent of yours might write on the Swan coastal plain, although I do not know whether my critícism would be of much value.

No. 205 To E. deC. Clarke. Feb. 25, 1-938

My dear Clarke, I received your letter of the 15th inst. and also the earlier one fonnrarding the manuscrípt of the paper by Mr. S. J. Mayne. I have gone through the paper and return sFme by separate packet. Your student seems to have covered a great deal of ground and have done much good field work, but hls mode of presentation of his results ís seríously at fault. Speakíng generally, he does 138 not, I Èhink, give full credit to earller workers for some of his results, and for a research paper, too much of what ís already known ís included. Another defect is that a m:mber of hap-hazard observations, very interesÈing but of ten unconnected with the ímedlaËe matter ín hand, are inserted in the paper. The whole trouble Ís that he has tried to get. all these interesting facts into the PaPer wl-thout proper selection, and the result is certainly disappointing. I cannot criticise the results of the paper adequately since many n¿rmes and localitíes are unknovm to me, but drastic revision is certainly required. His subdivisions II and III are unsatisfactory. Probably as regards II it r¿ould have been beÈEer to have given a general deseription without subdivisions. IË would certainly make it much more readable. Then in III he could give his detailed descriptlons. In II hís description of the plain ís very poor. There is no reference Èo the main subdivisl-ons of the clay zone and sand zor.e. There is no reference in II to the coast line, which surely merits a separate descrlption. In II the descripÈion of plateau streâms as separate streams is unsatísfactory sínce the plaÈeau is noÈ specifically dealt with, but I realise Èhat some reference to thaÈ night be required in order to explain the drainage of the plain, but no separate heading should be required at the early stage anway The Darling Scarp is referred to in III, but not in the general descríption as a separate heading. ? the LaterLte Pebble Zone. fs this part of the plain? If so, it should be included in the general descrlptLon of the plain. In III the clay anil sand zones should 6e under the headlng of the plain but they are separated. Agaln in III he describes the limestone zone, thus breaking away from his earlier term of the coast hills. Then again under F tt is peculiar to include Èhe islands as part of the coasË 1ine. In III he should l-nclude rivers and give the detaíls Èhat are given under II. The reader cannot. follow him in regard to the rivers since no information concerning the sand and clay zones is given until- a later part of the paper. It is doubtful 1n a paper of this kind whether the subsurface geology should have a separate divís1on. I,rlhy not nake the appro- priate references under the oÈher headings? There are some detalled references which I shall now give: Page 4, first line after "an iuportant part" ínsert 'rln determining the topography of the arda." Second line t'country'l used very vaguely. Does it lnclude both plain and coast hílls? Trom the reference f¡medíately followlng Ëhe writer fs apparently referring to the plain only, but Èhe division Ís treating of the coast hills. Fifth line - "Coast hllls decrease 1n wfdËh." Llhat is the width on which the decrease has taken place? Sixth líne - "Taírly constant height." I^lhat is it? Ninth line - "South of the Swan River." I^Ihat ís the average helght? 139

Twelfth llne - "The plain.... lies between the coast hills and the Darling Scarp." This should have been stated at the bottom of Page 3. I,{håt is th-e height of the plaín compared wíth the coast htlls? The descripËion of the plain is worÈhless as there is practically no info::matíon. Page 4 - t'Drainage" t'As in other parts of Western Australia, most of the rivers ancl streæs flow only through the rainy season." ttBroadwaterstt This is too sweeping. - a ner¡r term to me. Is this recognised, otherwise iÈ should be stated of what they consíst. Page 5 - Although the Swan River may be treated separately, still Ít should be mentíoned Ëhat it 1s a plateau strefl. "drainage ..of a great string of lakesr.....back to Menzi'es." This would imply that thís \¡7'as a corrmon occurrence instead of being a faírly rare one, even lf actually verified. "Scarp stre:ms" - reference to the Scarp. This should be described earlLer not later as on pp. 9 et seq. Pages 4 to 9 - These are too discursive and dísjointed. There ís no clear pícture. There is also a sudden introductíon of certain facts to explain some particular point, but it ls hard Èo suggest a re-casting withouÈ consíderable thought. Page 9 - 'fDarling Scarp." The origin of thís feature falls outside the scope of the paper and yet he states he wíll refer to it in the paper as a fault-line scarp. He should refer to it merely as the Darlíng Scarp, Èhus leaving the questlon of origin open. As a maÈter of fact, I do not. think that he later uses the term, ttfault-líne scarp.tt Page 10 - "Centre of the curve of the scarp" - This is poorly expressed. Page 10 - Reference to the peneplain is unnecessary, but J-f used, the name should be given to l-t. Page 11 - "The Scarp is abouÈ one mile from its main align- ment." No reason is glven or suggested as Èo the cause of this. Page 11 - The Pre-cæbrian rocks of the plaÈeau are un- necessarily íntroduced. Page 13 - "The artificial capital" is presunably Perttr. All eapltals are artificfal so why deslgnate thís parÈlcular one ln that way. Pages 13 to 17 - "Clay and sand zones." Much interesËing material but badly arranged and 111 digested; for lnsÈance, cerÈain marl deposits are suddenly introduced 1n the descrl-ption of the elay zone. The marl ís found in both zones so that íts description shouü.d come after boÈh. Agal-n in the description of the sand zone reference to the sr¡râmps occurs ln different parts, but there is no connected description. Page 16 - There ís an irrelevant reference to the sand zone detelruining the course of the Swan Ríver. Page 16 - Quite casually the general character of the sand is lntroduced ínstead of being given ln the early part. Page 16 - ttother occuïrences of sand" are thrown in as sub- slduary to the sand zone when in fact they appeaï to be more assocíated with the coast hills. 140

Page L7 - The descriptlon of the very lnteresting occurrence of beach ridges and sr,v-ales is tucked away under the sme heading. Woulcl it not be betÈer to have say lnlaJor Teatures such as3 Darling Scarp Plaín - (a) Sand Zone (b) cLay zone (c) Laterite pebble zone íf. this is part of the plain. Coast hills, and Minor features - (a) Sand dunes of Èhe coast hills (b) Beach ridges and swales Page 18 - No information about the three submaríne rídges of the limestone zone. Page 18 - The limestone consísts of Carbonate grains. Page 19, second lÍne - "The graitr" -nãÇ .ott"iderably in stze." Are these the gral-ns of the heavy minerals or of qlJatt-z or of ttcarbonate.tt Page 19 - "The limestones are the only hard rocks of the plaint'but the coast hil1s are beíng dÍscussed, not the plaín. Page 19 - ttJuvenJ-l-e" and "Mature" limestones. The Juvenile have rooÈ structures. They are of dune origin - have supported plants; thoss without roots are older but not mature. Confusion here. No evidence as to the sub-aqueous origin of some of the limestones and scarcely any as to the dune origin of others. Page 2O - f l-rst 1l-ne - "r'.xposures of limestone." Are these headlands? Tf so, 1t should Ëe stated. Page 20 - ?Ortgin of the reefs off the coêsL. Of what are they composed. Page 20 - Reference to the Swan Broadwaters entírely irrelevant here. Should be under the descriptJ-on of the Swan River if they are to be included. Page 22 - To treat the islands as part of the coast líne seems out of place. Page 22 - "trrlave-cut platfom 4 feet high." ? 4 feet above hígh water mark or low water mark etc. Page 22 - "In Thomsonrs Bay thís platform was unearthed from beneath a fixed dune by a stor:m.....that the platfom due to upltft. rr If a storm can remove a fixed dune ít could cut the plat- forn, hence no value as evidence of uplifÈ. Page 22 - t'Beach conglomerate aË a height of 10 ot L2 feeÈ.'r ? Datrm Page 23 - Poor description of RottnesÈ Lakes. Page 25 - Reference Èo platfonns around all- the islands and íslets of the Rottnest group. The reference ls under Garden Isl-and and not under the íslands generally. Page 26 - The ages of the ll-mestone and of the rocks of the clay and sand zones are considered under the headíng of sub-surface geology. They should be under the indlvidual descrJ-ptions or under a separate heading. 141

Page 26 - General sl''lnuary of, development is very good, buÈ I cannot al-together follo¡+ it for want of knowledge of place nâîles and suffíclent evidence. Page 30 - Note use of "fault scarp.tt Page 30 - "Upraised offshore bars." Thls 1s a ner\r idea and valuable. To what height above sea level is Èhere evidence of the marine deposits of the bars? Is there pronounced unconforroity beËween the marl-ne beds and the dune beds? Page 31 - "Somervillets raised uarine beds." Are these as recent as set out l-n the paper? Somervillers paper as to uplifted spits and marine platforms is now regarded as valueless. I have not time to compare the studentts paper with Dr. I{oolnoughrs. I have gone through the paper very rapídly and made these suggestions, which roay be of some use Èo the author of the Paper. I hope thaÈ he will not be discouraged by these crltlcisus because I think that he has done good work in the field and that ít ís only a matter of learning the art of presentation so as to make his results clear and readable. I would suggest that he should divlde the paper l-nto two parts or tr^ro separate papers, one dealing with all parts Ð(cept the coastline and the islands and the other with the islands and coas tline . I shall ans\,rer your own letÈers a little later on.

No. 206 To E. deC. Clarke. Nov. 23, 1938

My dear Clarke, The receípt by ue from your Departltrent of Mr. K. R. Milesr ínterestl-ng paper on the Geology and Physiography of the Lower Chitteríng Area (for whlch I thank you) reminds me thaÈ I ornre you a letter and likewÍse an apology for not sending that letter earlfer. In your letter of the 15th of February last you were kind enough to offer to send me prints of your coastal scenery, from which I could make a selection. On thtnking the matter over, I thÍnk it would be as well not to send thsn for the present, since the holidays are coming on. After Christnas I sha1l write agaín, and 1f they are then available, I shall be glad to have thæ as suggested. I have been wonderíng íf your sÈudent S. J. l"Iayne ever completed his paper on the Swan Coastal Plain. Ile had good material which only requlred proper selection and arrangement. I can assure you that iÈ r¿as a congeníal job to go through the paper and make any suggestions that I thought might be helpful. I hope that he has not given up the work. Are you golng to Canberra ín January? If so, be sure to look me up as you pass Èhrough Melbourne, either going or returrr- ing. I do not attend any of these meetings on account of my de- fective hearing. r42

Blatchfordrs apparently sudden death r¡ras a great shock to Honrnan and myself. ft was only a few oonths before that I saw hj¡ and îorman l-n Ïelbourne and he appeared Èo 6e very fit. I have never heard whaÈ causeil his death, and if you know, I should 6.e pleased to hear from you. I have been thinking for some time past of applying for the doctor of science degree at the üIestern AusËralian University. I understand that after a certain period a bachelor of science c¿m apply for the doctorship íf his research thesís ís considered to be good enough. Irrould there be any difficulty do you think in my case? If anything depends on onets academic record, Ëhe scales would be agaínst me, since owing to my suddenly having to tackle mathematics, chæístry and physlcs it took me all my time Èo get through. I shall be glad to have your advice on the quest.lon. Douglas Johnsonts "Journal of Geomorphology" is a fine production. I have sent a paper buÈ I do not knor^r whether it will be accepted. Trusting that you and your wife and fanily are well and with very kind regards,

No. 207 To E. deC. Clarke. March 15, 1939 My dear Clarke, I have refrained from acknowledging your letter of the 23rd ult. until I could write you a few notes regarding the 'rcoal seo-s" and also offer you some criticísn on your sand plain soils note. Thank you very much for so promptly sending me the prints of the l{estern Australia platforms, which I flnd very interesÈ1ng and instructive, and also for the coastal ones Èaken from the boat. I have no particular use for the latter aÈ present, so do not enlarge for me, although it is kind of you Èo offer to do so. I am returning one set of your ttcoal seamtt phoÈos, prestuulng that the duplicaËes can be retaíned by me. They have come ouÈ very well. I am sending some general notes (wrítten from memory) on the area which I hope will give you the details you require. Should you requlre details of any particular photo, I could probably give Ëhem Èo you. Stuart kindly brought in anoÈher set of prints including two of the two geologlsts Èogether. These latter I æ glad Èo have. I return one of hl-s photos showlng the shell beds on the easÈern side of the lake. I am also enclosing some notes on the sand plains. My criticlsm Day not be worth much, but it may suggesÈ some aspects that perhaps have not recel-ved ful1 consideration from you and Dr. Carroll. I am glad you enJoyed the day we had together. It was a great pleasure to ue to show you round. I have not, included in mynotes anything about the beach ridges in general. You r¡ill f ind a descrlption of thæ l-n my Port 143

Phillip Bay paper, puhlished l-n the Royal SocJ-ety of TlcÈoríars Proceedings for 1930 or 1931. You should Ëave a coPy' but if not, let me know ancl I can forwarcl one. trùiÈh all good wLshes,

No. 2Og To E. deC. Clarke. Uay 16, 1939

My dear Clarke, I have your leÈter of the Bth inst. with the reply by Dr. Dorothy Carroll, which l shall peruse and senil a reply if anything further is to be said. You need not rnrorry over not acknowledging my letter of the 15th March last for I knew that you would inÈend to acknor¿ledge it inrmediately and that soue overstght hacl caused íts want of aclsrowledgment if receivecl by you. I was anxl-ous, however, to lcrow that you had received my letter and the accompanying papers. I4rith best wíshes,

No. 209 To E. deC. Clarke. Sept. 7, 1939

My dear Clarke, On the 16th of l*Iay last f acknowledged the receipt of your letter of the 8th of ttre sæe aonth enclosing Dr. Dorothy Carrollf s reply to my queries and stating thåt I would peruse same and send a reply if anyÈhing further Ìras Èo be said. I have intended writing to you ln regard to Èhe matter for some time past but one urgent thíng after anoËher has turned up and delayed me. Now firstly in regard to your own points: (1) Bottom of my p. 2 - "conditions postulated by you." These are the present condltlons of low relief and scanÈy rainfall by reason of which you say Èhat the residual soils remain to-day. (2) The fnsertion of "and sandy clays &c. depending on the character of the parent rocktt after ttbrornm loams and claystt clears uP my query. Dr. Carrollrs reply (3) Since I have noü seen Grabau, I am very glad to have the quotatlons so kindly supplied by Dr. Carroll. Grabau sets out what night take plaee on submergence or emergence buÈ it seems to me that these statement,s only apply when Èhe fact of submergence or emergence is independently proved. Take the varíous quotations from Grabau. Ca) t'Where transgression takes place over an old penepl-ain surface, on which residual sofl has accr:mulated during the long perlod of exposure, this ancient soil nay be 1n- oorporated without much change, as a basal bed" If we aômit th^at this may be so, could this o1d soil not 144

be a basal bed wíthout Èransgresion or ch-ange of conditlons, such as cliuate, uplift, a sudden increase 1n the drainage area by river capture, 'ôr'ith conseguenË lncreased sediment brought into the orlginal area, or deformation and formatl-on of a lake? ft seems to me to be unsafe to deduce submergence fron the facts stated. Cb) p. 773 - "The falling sea-len¡el or rising land blocks. . . . .off-shore districÈ.rr This seeos to be a perfectly true statemenË, buË the difficulty is Èo denonstrate lt J-n any particular area. It does noË appear to De to 6e demonstrated l-n regard to the sand plaÍns. (c) p . 726 - kanple of transgresslon where the rate of supply equals the rate of subsidence. This I Preslme Grabau demonsËrates. Cd) "Wtrere atmospheric agencies have been sufficiently active the basal sandsÈone wtll be a felspathíc arenyÈe or arkose. tt Precisely, but this does not prove submergence. (e) Decomposition affectfng crystalline old land &c. Little sortíng by the sea. Contact not sharp, the crystalline rock grading through a decomposed zone into the over- lytng sandstone. Could this not occur in a lake or on a flood p1aín? In the absence of other indications of a marine transgression, the freshwater fh¡viaÈl-le or terrestría1 or- igín seems more likely. (4) "Coming west from the Nullarbor Plain Èhere ís a series of sediments which was laíd dovm in a shallowing sea." That ls ín effect what I have said myself Csee 8u11. 95 p. 202), a slnking area formlng the o1d Eucla Gr¡lf and then a fínal wíder shallow submergence giving the Norseman and Albany Maríne beds as comparatÍve- ly shallornr \,raÈer deposits, but this does not ruean a submergence over more than half lfestern Australia. I quite agree that lf the Yilgarn grits turn out Èo be marine, they are probably younger than the Norseman beds. That would agree with my ideas just outlined, and íf they are shallow \¡/ater then the land to Ëhe north rnay never have been covered. Dr. Carroll Ëhínks the grits may be lacustrine; hence our ideas are perhaps approximaÈlng. (s) Prescottfs work - Prescott agrees with tr{oolnough that the laterítes were folued at base-level. Before either of then I showed in 1914 (8u11. 61) Ëhat Èhe laterite capped the peneplain, a1-though I díd not state that the laterite was formed at base-level. I see no objection to the contentlon, although I have not sufflcíent personal lrrowledge to say yes or nay, that there are tr^ro ages of soil fo:mation, one formed prior to up1-ift and the other subsequent thereto, but thís does not of course indicate submergence. Dr. Carroll recognízes this point when she states that the fossil soLls could have been formed in a wetter climate without submergence, prior to upllft. C6) I,Iell-rounded pebbles ín the grtts. This Dr. Carroll truly sÈates Jmplies ürater acÈion and that it may be argued that L45 that such rounding means considerable transport. It ís certalnly díffícult Èo ímagine well-rounded pebbles withour much transport. Could not these grits be fluviatile, laid down during the meander- ings of rivers in Èheir old age on Èhe peneplain and could noÈ Èhe rounded pebbles be derived from earlier beds? I suggested thís latter possibility in connectÍon with some abnormally rounded quartz pebbles in the Darlot deep lead (nutt. 95, p. 209). It seems to me that if we admit that the laterite was formed on the peneplain at base-level, we must have very strong evidence before assuming wholesale submergence since. (7) My sÈatement that if there has been Tertiary submergence then since re-êmergence there has been great erosl-on. Is this not shown by the deep valleys of Swanland and by the inÈerior valleys along which the salt lakes lie. Even if it ls contended, wíth Montgomery (now supported to some extent by you) that these lake valleys were formed during the Miocene submergence, every one acquaínted wíth these lakes must admit that there has been exten- síve erosion, resulting in the mígration of the lakes as well as the deepenlng and lengthenl-ng of the valleys. (B) Age of the peneplaín. I have expressed the opinion in my physiography of I{esrern Ausrralia (nult. 95 p. 204) that the peneplai-n was completed during or prior to Miocene tímes. As for being a resurrected peneplain J-t may be in part, but I have not suff icl-ent knowledge of Èhe later knornm facts which may support this idea. (9) The ídea that sand plains may be dune sands spread by the r¿tnd. It appears to me that Montgo¡neryts somewhat obscure statemenÈ is susceptíble of a different interpretatlon from that given by Dr. Carroll. He clalms the sandhills in support of water planatlon and hís subsequent remarks (quoted by Dr. Carroll) indicate that there are margl-nal sand dunes around the exísting salt lakes and also margínal sands around what he regarded as the sites of older and larger lakes. He compares the Èwo groups of phenomena and, since he is arguing agaínst wind erosl-on, he main- tains that the brown soil plains are not the result of wínd erosion but were laid down ln the big old lakes and hence are of hrater orígin. He does not, nor does anyone so far as I know, dispute that the sandhi-lls around the present lakes, are dunes. I^Ihat then does he mean when he states thaÈ the sand hills are against the wind erosíon theory? To roy mínd he refers to the ones around the old blg lakes and his reference to belts of sandy country is a very loose way of lndicating the "sand hills." llhether they are dunes or not, I cannot find any lndieatlon that he regarded the sand plains as dunes spread out by the wind. In conclusion I might refer you to some statener¡ts by Henri Baullg as to what happens to a decomposltlon cover on a Peneplain ori transgression. See Journal of Geonorphology, March 1939, pp. L26-I27, footnote 6. Dr. Carrollts work is very instructlve and suggestive and has glven me much food for thought. My criticísms are made in no carping 146

spirít and she may later be able to convince me, but at Present I must remain an appreciative scepÈic. She admits that the pos- itíon at present is tentative. That belng so¡ I hope that she wlll pursue her sÈudles from the valuable new angle of approach that she has dlscovered. re Goddard Creek shells In the absence of an examination of the shells collected by Talbot, do you think it wlse to assume that Èhey are recent and that consequently ín very recent times, the plateau has been uplifted? This is something entirely new and would vrant strong evidence in support. I n¡ould be glad to receive a copy of Dr. Carrollrs Geol. Mag. paPer. lüith besË wishes. I enjoy our corresPondence.

No. 210 To E. deC. Clarke. March 13, L947 l"fy dear Clarke, I received your letter of the 26th ult. and vTas very pleased to hear from you and to know that you and the fmily are a1l well. Please accept the congratulations of ury wlfe and uyself on the great honour that your son John has obtained in beíng elected the Rhodes Scholar for l{estern Australl-a for thls year. I was very glad to hear that Talbot was so well. It is a remarkable thing that about 26 yeats ago he had to retire from Èhe Government Servl-ce on account of his heart. The doctors Èo1d hlrn that he nLght drop dead any momenÈ. I^Ihen you see hím, please gíve hfuo my very kind regards. I hope that you can wrl-te uP some of your geological observations but, of course, I understand the difficulty with the pressure of other work in that dlrection. I noÈe Ln the last sentence of your letter that you sometimes wonder whether you are doing any good at the University buÈ I say in all sincerity that you should noË so wonder because in my opinion you have done a very fine job since you took over the Geology Department at the University. Your aím has been noÈ to advance yourself but to advance the Department and to stimulate your students in the work of research. Let me hear from you occasionally if onl-y Èo say that you are ¡arell. ltrith klndest regards to yourself and wife fron my wlfe and myself,

No. zLL 1o F. C. Colliver, Feb. 28, 1947 Essendon, Victoría. Dear Mr. Colllver, Thank you very uuch for your letter Èo ¡oe of the 8th inst. r47

and for the notes regardíng the Science Conference in Àdelal-de in August 1946. I have gone through these with very great interest and have been pleased to have some knowledge of the matters that were dlscussed at that meeting. I do not kno\^7 how you managed to take so many notes. You certainly did not lùaste your tlme at the varíous meetings and discussions. I return then with this letter with many thanks. I also have to Èhank you for your good wishes regarding nyself and hope that you will be able Èo keep up your interest in geology. I note that you \^¡ere trained by Dr. G. B. Pritchard under whom I first had rny lessons ín geology and mineralogy. He also trained a number of dlstinguished geologisÈs ¿rmongst thern Sir Albert Kitson, Sl-r Edrnund Teale and Dr. Suuuers of the Universíty. I do not think, however, that there will be another Doctor Prit- chard aÈ the Melbourne Technícal School. Your prlvate address seems familiar to me. I think that was where the late I^1. J. Morgan resided and for whose widow I have acted as Solicltor for a number of years. Perhaps some tlme when you are ín the City you could look in at my offl-ce at 20 Queen Street and we could have a chat over things geological. It would, however, be as well for you to ring me up before you call. I,JiÈh all good wishes to yourself ,

No. 2L2 To The Inspector-General July 11' 1935 of foresÈs, Commonwealth ForesÈry Department, Canberra, A. C. T. Dear Sir, I should be much oblíged if you would forward me a reprínt of a report by Mr. Byles on the erosion of the watershed of the upper Murray River, whích, I understand, has been publíshed this year. In exchange, I should be pleased to forward you a copy of the new edl-tion of roy Physíography of Western Australia published as Bulletin 95 of the Geologlcal Survey of that State if you have not a copy of that book, or¡ if you have, then sone rePrints of papers of mine dealing with physiography. Yours faithfully'

No. 2I3 To The Secretary' July 25, 1935 Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, Canberra' A.C.T. Dear Sir, I am in receipt of your letter of the 16th tnst. and also of the Bulletin prepared by Mr. Byles, for which I thank you. As requested, I send herewith a coPy of the new edltlon of ny Physiography of l,lestern Australia, and shal1 be glad to have 148 your acknowledguent of its receipt. Regardíng an additional copy, I have not many to spare, and would suggest thàt you write to the Government Geologist in Perth for a second copy. Should one noÈ be available from hirn, kindly let me know and I shaIl endeavour to arrange to let you have one. l{ill you be good enough to let rne have a ll-sÈ of the Bulle- tins issued by Èhe Couunonwealth Forestry Bureau?

No. 2L4 To Professor C. A. Cotton, Nov. 25, 1938 Victorl-a UniversiÈy Collete, Wellington, New Zealand. My dear Cotton, It is a great pleasure to me to observe from the publication of your paper "The Haldon Hills Problem" in the October number of the Journal of Geomorphology that you have comnenced wriÈing again. I sincerely hope Èhat you will continue to do so, since in the past you have so enriched physiographíc 1iÈerature. Àny reprints witl of course be much appreciaÈed by me. I have sent a paper to Johnson, but I do not know whether he will accept it for publication. Unfortunately I have little Èime for writing now. The Journal of Geomorphology 1s certaLnly a splendid pub- lícatl-on and I trust that l-t wtll be a financial success. I'Ilth all good wishes,

No. 2L5 To C. A. Cotton. March 21, 1945

My dear CotÈon, I have all the four books recently íssued by you on Geo- morphology and I desire heartíly Èo congratulate you on such a splendid series of publicaÈions. I trust that you will be able to continue your work in Geomorphology and I shall be pleased to recelve reprints of any of your late or future published papers. I^Iith kind regards and best wishes, P.S. It ís rather a pity that 1n your "Clinatic Accidents" you referred to the flrst edltion of my PhysÍography of I{estern Australia instead of the second.

No. 216 To F. Coulson, March 2, 1934 East Geelong' Victoría. Dear Mr. Coulson, Many thanks for your letter of the 25th ulÈ. with reprínts of your two papers. I am also much obliged to you for your remarks concerning varíous aspects of the coastal physiography. I hope to take an r49

early opportunity of having a look aË the vüestern end of Corío B"y, and shall bear in mind your l-deas regarding the matter. f do not know'whether a specìmen of the rock has ever been securecl f rom Charlmont Reef , anil I arn sorry to sa)¡ that f do not even know the posl-tion of that Reef. I shall-therefore 6e glad if you will indicate to ue lts position approxlmately. f æ forwariling with this letter a reprint of my PaPer on Port Phillip Bay 1n case a loose copy Tay be of some use to you.

No. 2l-7 To T. Coulson. Iarch 23, 1934

Dear Mr. Coulson, Please accept my apologies for not ansüIering earlier your ínteresting letter of the 9th- 1nst., but f have been very busy sínce I receívetl it. Thanks very much for your offer to accompany me when in your dl-strict. We may be a61e to arrange for some excursions after Easter. Your boring resulÈs at Lake Connewarre are very interesting, and I should líke to discuss thm with you some time at length. I am sorry to say that I have no data concerning Ëhe thickness of the recent deposJ-ts in the Yarra delta or anywhere else l-n Víctoria at present, although there must surely be some recordst which I shall endeavour to obtain as early as posslble. Gregoryrs statement l-s dtfffcult to understand. !trhen he says "Thl-s marine advance ray have been due elther to a subsidence of the land or a local rise in sea level" he is referring, I think, to the general subsldence that has taken place along the Vlctorian coastr e.g. Port Phillip Bay &c. Yet he clearly reeognizes marine abrasion as having pushed back the coast-llne. Then we have his final statenent "but a relatlvely greater eleva- tíon of the dune belt in recent geological times is almost certain.t' I interpret hl-s statæenÈs thus:- 1. Tormation of the earlier dunes, nor^r parÈ of the dune limestone. 2. Subsldence. 3. Marine abrasion and formatl-on of the marine bench at a lower leve1 Èhan at pr€sent. 4. Elevation by whl-ch the bench was brought to its presenÈ position, where ít is exposed between tide marks. The last stage in my opinion must be cut. out and No. 3 mod- ífled to the statement that the bench has been forrned and is stíll being widened at present sea level. Now for a more personal note. I did not know that you were workíng at Lake Connewarre and along the coast aË Torquay &c. I have paid two or three visits to Lake Connewarre and I have also been gíving attentíon recently to Ëhe Torquay coastal physiography. In fact, whenever f get the opportunity, I vlsit some part of the VicÈorian coast as I am studying Èhree nain aspects of 150 coastal physiography, those being 1. The mode of marine erosion, that is the response of structure and lithology to wave aËtack 2. The mode of formation of marine benches 3. The deËermination as to whether there has or has noÈ been any recent elevation of the land. Of course, no one can regard the Victorian coast as hfs own preserve, and I do not wish to interfere in any way in another rnrnrs work. You have been frank with me as to what you are doing, so I am frank with you in return and state my or¡rn objects. And r^re can surely come t.o some arrangement. If you can define your area, I am willing to stand aside until you finis,h your work and publish the paper, the only reservation I would make in this regard being the right to refer as a result of my or{n observations to any part in lllustratÍon or explanation of objects 1, 2 or 3 mentioned above. Before doing that, I would refer to you. If we have this understanding, we could still discuss matters concerning the work, probably to our mutual advantage. Alternatively I would be prepared to co-operate fu1ly with you (if the field work could be arranged) in any given are¿ and publish a joint paper. I leave the maÈter to you. Please think Ít over and at your convenience leÈ me have your views.

No. 2LB. To F. Coulson. April 6, L934

Dear I'lr. Coulson, Many thanks for your letter of the 28th ult. and for your kind offer to point out certain facËs in regard to Corio Bay 1n the field. I hope to be able to take advantage of ít, but unfortunately, I suffer from deafness which in the field causes inconvenience both to anyone accompanying me and to myself. Ïtre could, however, try one excursíon and see ho!ìr we get on. Most of my work ís done on Sundays, and if you are free on those days, I could make almosÈ any Sunday available and would journey to Geelong by Èraín. If you desire all your time aÈ present for the preparaÈion of your forthcoming paper, \¡re can postpone out inspection untl-l after you have read it. I shall look forward to your paper on Lake Connewarre with lively interest, and am glad Èo hear Èhat you are practl-cally ready to publish. If you have not time to send me the draft before you read the paper, you may be able to 1et me have a rough copy later on. Does your evidence point to any recent elevation? Regarding the Bluff at Barwon Heads, I am inclined Èo agree with Gregory (if I J-nterpret hís víews aríght) thaË there has been a subsidence of the dune llmestone since its forrnation. I base my support on the fact that wherever I have seen the limestone at or below sea level, it appears to have been formed in 151

exactly the same vray as the rock above that level, and I have never heard of any marine organísms being found ln the limestone' Gregoryt s kangaroo could possibly have been washed inÈo the sea' but it is much more probable that it dfed on a sand dune. There- fore, the only explanation to my mind is subsidence' If correct, then this subsidence must have followed the great subsldence which produced Port Phillip Bay, since the dune limestone must have been built up after the formation of the main porËion of the bay. If so, then there must have been a sub- stantial interval beÈween the two subsidences. lJhat the extent of the second subsidence rrras, it will be jmpossible to say until we get some data from borlng, and in Èhis respecÈ the Sorrento bore ãoes not help; and I have great doubts whether the l-nterpretatlon of the cores is correct. I am not inclined to place so much weight as you do on the improbabllity of a change ín the direction or intenstty of rlaves or currents, as this night happen if changes took place in other parÈs of the coast of either Victoría or Tasmania or even in the sea bottom near the shore.

P.S. Prof. Clarke & I have arrived at the conclùsion that since the formation of the dune ljmestone at Perth (W.4. ) subsídence has taken place, resulting in the drowning of portl-ons of the lower Swan River. This límestone is remarkably like that of the Victorian coast (except that in its lower portions some undoubted marine organlsms have been found); so that the conclusíon as to the I{. A. history is interesting in connection with the Victorían hístory.

No. 2Lg To F. Coulson, APríl 30' 1935 Moonee Ponds, VicÈoria. Dear l"lr. Coulson, I have at last gone through your PaPer and return herewith the MS and your maps. Many apologíes for keeptng them so long. I append the follor,¡ing notes for whaÈ they are worth' My criticlsm is necessariLy based on an imperfect knowledge of the ground and may not be valid. Doubtless you have a good answer to it. RegardLng the three tongues of basalt, it seems to me that you havá goãa case in regard to \"7hat we might te:m the Taitrs Point tongue." The river would cert.ainly be diverted and while ít cut its course through the basalÈ, the Reedy Lake and the extreme western end of Lake Connehrarre (1.e. that portLon to the west of Taitrs Point) would be formed, but' as you show, occuPy a much greater area than at Present. I think, however, that what we mlght Èerm the Pelican Rock tongue would hardly be sufficient, unless ortginal-ly of greater r52

extent to the north-east, to effect the formatíon of a lake or lagoon. À channel would be left open and in addition such a narrohr and apparently low tongue would soon be cut through in some place or places by the sea. The southern (Barwon Heads) tongue may have been 1ow and fairly r¡arror¡r. All the outcrops that L7e have seen (apart fron the Black Rocks which belong to the main flow) are just below or just above present mean sea-level. Other portlons are doubtless below that level. This shows that before the deposition of the dune limestone the sea would easily pass over these rocks, leaving them el-ther as reefs or very low islands, and extend northwards to the Pell-can Rock tongue and around that to Fishermanrs Poínt. The distance between the Bluff and Ocean Grove is conslder- able, and, even if we allowed ÈhaÈ the basalt to the west of the Bluff was sufflcient to keep the ocean out, yet it would enter through the wide mouth between Èhe basalt at the Bluff and the rocks at Oeean Grove. Of course, if you could show that there \^7as an extension of the basalt eastward from the Bluff towards Ocean Grove, thaË.would strengthen your case, but there is no êvidence of this and in any case the basalt, if there, has been cut lower than that to the vrest. In thís connection, I rntght point out that in November 1933 I walked along the coast from Ocean Grove to Barwon Heads. The tíde was very low. At Ocean Grove there is a r¡rave-cut bench in the Miocene rocks which are flanked on either side by dune lfmestone. The latter \^ras traceable on the sea floor for about 1/4 rnite west of the Miocene outcrop at Ocean Grove, but, from there to the end of the Spit, there \^rere no outcrops of any kind. If the basalt had been there, the Ocean Grove coastline r^¡ould probably be farther south on account of the resist.ance of the basalt to \^7ave erosion. The positíon of the shore line in comparison wlth that at the Bluff and to the r¡est of that poinË consequently suggests that there 1s no basalt there. I cannot, therefore, see thaE unt.il the old dunes began to form there vras any closlng of the old bay (except to the west of Fishermanrs PoinË as mentloned above). The remains of the Barwon Heads basalt tongue would facili- tate the formatlon of a bay bar by means of the dunes, and when the latter became the consolidated rock that r¡¡e noI¡I see' the basalt base would help t.o reÈard the removal of the dune llmestone by the vraves. The growth of the Ocean Grove Spít or its predecessor seaward would also al-d l-n the enclosure of the bay. Another poínt requiring consÍderation and one which we mentioned in the field, 1s whether, since the basalt flows, there has been any submergence. If there has been, this r¿ould seriously affect your conclusions. At present, I cannot eJ(Press a definiÈe opinion on the point, but, from the relations between the dune llmestone and the basalt¡ I em inclined to thínk there has been such a submergence. If I can help you by any further dlscussion, I shall be very 153

pleased to do so. The logs of the bores at Moolap and its neighbourhood do not help us much as to the nature of the strata frorn the surface to sea-1evel. I,{tth kind regards,

No. 220 To F. Coulson. May 1, 1935

Dear Mr. Coulson, Shortly after wríting you tr,Jo or three r¡eeks ago I received from Mr. Chapman some identífications of the Portarllngton sheIls. I enclose a copy of his ll-st for your own use. He says all the species idenÈified are living around the Victorian beaches & he therefore concludes that the deposit l-s of Holocene age. Since then I have been again to Portarlington & have made a very close inspection of the whole length of the section. I have cone to the conclusion (subj ect to some further ínvestigation on one point) ttrat the whole of the sedi¡rents (lncluding the shellbeds) exposed in the section cannot be separated & are all con- formable. That means that all these beds are much younger than the typlcal Kalimnan & are not older than the Plelstocene. If thÍs conclusfon is correcÈ ít wíll alter sone of the notl-ons regarding the age of certain beds. I notlce Ehat you have found some Kalimnan rocks at Fred Hooperts Point at Lake Connetrarre. Have you any sediments on toP of these & if so what age do you think they are? I should like you to join me in worklng uP a paPer on the subject, & if you are willing to do so, we can make arranBements for another vísit to the loeality where I can show you the evídence on which I rely for my conclusion. Having formed the opinion mentl-oned, I searched for other evidence & found some between the sectlon mentioned & the pler at PorËarll-ngton. It ls very scrappy but by reason of beÍng cum- ulative, becomes convincing. This we could also see on the same visit. A trtp by the o1d "Edina" would give us about five hours at PortarlingËon whích wld be sufft I thínk to show you everything. The boat however has stopped running on Sundays but if in about a monthrs time you could arrange to get away one week day, I think I could make that convenient. After coming to the conclusion as to Èhe contemporaneity of the whole of the beds, some other localities where I had been puzzled, câme to my mind & the dlfflcultÍes wtll I think be removed if rny opinlon re the Portarlington beds is correct. I shall be pleased to hear that you will cooperate in a joínt paper on the Steel Rock area. In the meantirne I think it would be as r¿ell to keep the matt.er to ourselves. P.S. Since writing Ehe al¡ove I find that the "Edina" is advertised 154

to run on Monday next the 6th inst. whielr- i-s a holiday. If you care to go to Portarlington on th.at day, I' 4 agreeable.

No. 22I To T. Coulson. Sept. 4, L936

Dear Mr. Cou1son, You will think me rather rerníss in noÈ having prepared the joínt paper vre proposed on the Portarlington area, but I have been very busy with other matÈers. I æ now., howeverr.getting dor^m Ëo it, and I find that, on going l-nto the liÈerature, Èhe matter becomes very interestl-ng. There rras a paper published 6y 1{ulder 1n 1901 I think. It r^ras on a recenË shell deposit founil under the basalt near the Moorabool Railway ViaducÈ. 1fulder put thaÈ deposit do¡,¡n as Newer Pliocene, but Tate, who determined the shelIs, placed it as Pleí- stocene. It seæs to me that tt¡-is deposit is probably of the sâme age as our PortarlingÈon 6eds, and I was wonderlng if you had at any ti-me seen the Moorabool "ttiaduct deposit in the field. If so, I shal1 be glacl to have your impressions as to whether l-È looks as recent as the Portarlington one. According to ïhrlderrs description, the fossils were calcified casÈs. tr{hen I run out the rough- draft of the paper, I will send it on Ëo you for your perusal and criticism. Trusting that, you are keeping we1-1-, and with kind regards,

No. 222 To T. Coulson. Sept. L7, 1936

Dear Mr. Coulson, I'Iany thanks for your letter of the 8th 1nst. and of the draft paper accompanying sme which I have gone through wíth con- síderable ínterest. I am returning your paper with this letter. I agree with you that the Newer Basalts (mainly) must, be regarded as Pleistocene, and also that the dune limesÈone is best regarded as llolocene, or, at the top of the Plelstocene. I note that on page 4 of your paper you refer Èo Mulderfs Calcareous deposit as Upper Pliocene and trIeerlkooian ln this respect following Mulder. I think thl-s is unjustifierl í-n vlew of Taters contention thaË the deposit was of Pleistocene age. Mulder merely followed Dennant in connection wíth the typícal I{eerikooian in the trrlestern District. It looks to me as if the Moorabool Viaduct deposlt is ídentical wlth the Portarlington beds. The latter are probably older than the Newer Basalts as they seæ to be part of a widespread deposit around the Bellarine Peni,nsula, and they uay be extensively represenÈed on the eastern side of the Bay, although no fossíls have yet been recorded. In that case, 155 the Portarlington and Calcareous beds at the ViaducË must be Pleistocene, say Lower Pleistocene. There would then be a big gap before the outpourlng of the Newer BasalÈs, whích we might say would be Middle Pleistocene. Then probably another big gap before the formation of the dune límestone, which we could classify as Upper Pleístocene or Holocene. It is evídent that the Pleistocene occupied a vast Period. There would, on the scheme suggested, be a big gap between the PorÈarlington beds and the Kalimnan, and probably the l{eerikooian are noÈ represented. I,rIe can, however, deal with these points in our joínt paper. I find I have had to read up much Tertiary geology to deal with the subject adequately. Regarding your basalt paper, until you and I prepare our Portarlington paper, you, perhaps, could say that the Viaduct beds have been classifíed by Mulder as Upper Pliocene, but that Taters opinion was ?leistocene, and leave iÈ at that. If we decide thaÈ the Portarlington beds are laËer than the l^Ieerikooian, which appears to be the case in view of the facÈ Èhat the fossils, so far deÈermined, are all recent, whereas, according to Singleton, Èhe l¡Ieerikooian beds have about 57" of extinct forms, we might suggest a name for the series, making Èhat series later than Ëhe I{eerikooian. I have thought of three names which might be used, and they are: Bellarinian, Paywitian and PorÈarlian. The lasÈ name I would prefer. I uright try t.o have a look at the Calcareous deposit at the Viaduct, and shall be glad if you could gíve me any directions for findíng it easily. I Ërust thaÈ you will find this letter sufficiently clear since it has been hurriedly dicÈaÈed, but, if there is anything you do noÈ quite fully undersÈand, please write to me again. In any evenÈ, of course, vre musÈ have a full discussion after I run out the rough draft. I,rlith kind regards, P.S. Excuse the capítal "c" in calcareous' the mistake in the name rrPortarlington" & other small errors. My Èypiste is not familiar wiÈh this kind of dictation.

No. 223 To F. Coulson. Oct. 6, 1936

Dear lufr. Coulson, I have refrained from acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 21st ult. until I could make a trip Èo the Moorabool Rail- way Vladuct, which I have now done, and I had no dlffículty ín locating Ëhe two sectíons mentioned by you. There is a good deal of resemblance between these beds and those of Portarlington, and, in fact, the uPPer portions look 156 remarkably ltke the white upPer portfons at PortarlJ-ngton, and, should the fossíl evidence not be contradictory' I see no reason for not, at least provl-sionally, including both in the same serles. In any evenÈ, it appeers to me that the Portarlington beds are older than the neÌ^Ier basalts. I shall let you have the draft paPer as early as possíble' and should like Èo have it available for readlng in Dece¡nber. I congraËulate you on your promotlon to Portland, and I am sure that you will find opportunl-ties for field work there. I am sorry, however, that you are leaving Melbourne and that your work here will be interrupted for the tlme befng anyway.

No. 224 To F. Coulson. Nov. 10, 1936

Dear Mr. Coulson, I have at lasÈ finished the PortarlingÈon PaPer and send herev¡ith a draft for your perusal and critlcisn. I shall be leaving for Sydney in a day or two and wl-ll not be back before the 22nd or 23rd of the month. I hope Èhen that r^7e can arrange a meetl-ng to discuss Èhe paper. If you agree with the maín results, and ít is necessary Èo glve Stillwell notice of the Paper for the December meeting of the Royal SocieÈy before I return, I would be glad if you would do so. I have not prePared the section yet, and iÈ ¡nust wait until my return. I have some photos r¡hich you can see vrhen vle ueet. I have a duplicate of the draft paper.

No. 225 To F. Coulson, Feb. 9, 1937 Port.land, Victoria. Dear Coulson, I have not troubled to write to you about our jolnÈ paper untíl I knew how it would be finally settled. Suggestions have been made that we eíther expand or reduce the sectíon dealing wíth the correlations of other deposits and also leave out Èhe local names. In order to finalise the matter without any trouble and have Èhe paper promptly printed, I have re-cast the sectlon menÈloned and considerably expanded it wÍtht I thlnk, some advantage to the PaPer. I have also left ouÈ the loca1 names and made the paper practically apply only to the Port Phfllip Bay distrlct. It was certainly rather sketch as origlnally wrftten and requireé more consideration Èhan can at presenÈ be gJ.ven to it' if we kept to the wider aspects. I enclose a duplicaÈe of whaÈ I handed to Stíllwe1l today and I Èhink he will be getting lt under vray almost i-umedíately' since he has been pressing me for some days to let hirn have iÈ. l,Iill you therefore run through the paPer as quickly as possÍble L57

and leÈ me have any amendments that you rnight suggest? It would be as well ho¡¿ever if you could leave it as finalised by me. Trustlng that you are flnding your new sphere congenial. P.S. You see I have dropped the.rrMr.rt Do thou l1kewise. I told Sttllwetl that there lrere to be no more suggestions from the referees. The Soclety could take it as iË \^7as or leave it.

No. 226 To F. Coulson. Feb. 19, 1937

Dear Coulson, Thanks very much for your letter of the 12th inst. and I am glad you approve of the alterations Ëhat I made to our Joint paPer. I should be glad tf you v¡ould return the paper sent to you so that I can let Chapman see 1Ë durlng the printing of the original. I presume that the printing of the PaPer 1s going forward as I have not heard anything further from Sti1lwell slnce I left it with hím some líttle time ago. Until I actually saw Stillwell wíth the altered paper' I thought that SkeaÈs had acted as referee, but I ascertained from Stillwell that Skeats had passed the matter on to Hills. I enclose, for your perusal, a letter I received frorn Still- well on the matter, and you wlll see the "suggestions" thaÈ Hills made. They are very impertinent, and perhaps a little later I shall take the matter up with the Council. Please return Still- wellts letÈer when you have perused it. I an glad that you are getting settled at Portland and like the dístrict. I shall certainly take the opporÈunity of coming dor¡n some t.lme and having a run around with you in connection wlth the coastal features. I was there for a few days some years ago and saw the wonderful sand dunes near Cape Brídgewater that you speak of , and I \^tas also astounded at the extent of the shlngle accumulation around Cape Grant &c. One of these beaches is locally knor¡n as the "Pebbly Beach,ttand is quite a show place. It is just a short dístance beyond Mount Battery. North of Cape Bridgewater the dune llmestone croPs out as faíxLy steep cliffs, from whtch a wonderful vievr can be obtained to the west. In front of these old coastal cliffs ís a great expanse of low-lying country which has apparently been reclaimed from the sea by the bullding up of sand bars and sand dunes some distance out. You will, of course, see all these durlng your excursions around Portland. Regardlng Griffíthst 1887 paper, I shall see lf I can obtain a copy of same for you and forward lt later on. I,Ilth kind regards' r58

No. 227 To f. Coulson. Marctr- 13, J-937

Dear Coulson, Replying to your letter of the 21st ult., I agree with you that we should inËroduce lnËo our Portarlington PaPer a reference to the fresh water linestones of Lara &c., ancl I shall look up the reference to Pritchardts paper given by yóu. I agree that we should put them at Èhe bottom of the Upper Pleistocene or at the end of the míddle perioil. I donrt know.whether I will be able to work this into the bocly of the proofs when they arríwe, buÈ, Íf not, ü¡e can make an acldendum of it. The printing is apparently going on all right as I have heard nothing further fron Stillwell, except two or three weeks ago when he rang me in a great flurry asking if f had a duplicate copy of the paper as he had not 6een able to trace the orl-ginal. However, wíthin a day or È!üo, he rang and staÈed he had found it. I m glad you have received froro Stillwell a coPy of Grif- fithst paper on Portland. f have alreaily read this, and, as you say, there will doubtless be plenty for me to criÈlcize regarding his raised beaches &c. I should partl-cularly l1ke you to have a look at his supposed marine caves in the basalt. I am glad to learn from your leËter that you wlll have a chance of seeíng the type Weerikooian, and I shall endeavour to get a copy of the Locality.Plan that you refer to. I am stíll keen on working out wíth you the subdivision of the PleisËocene for the whole of rfictoria, and, if you have any opportuniÈy of making any records of actual occurrences or references to the líterature, I shall 6e very glad, so that, at some later time, we might consicler s¿rme. I am told that my Syclney paper, when read in Auckland, created some stir, the New South l,Iales people, as I anticipated, being in oppositíon, but Èhose who had more recently studíed the matter in New Zealand (Marshall and Bartrum) were in favour of non-elevation. I am endeavouríng to put thaÈ paper into shape for publíshíng somewhere. I suppose that 50 copies each of our paper wlll be suffie- ient. tr^Ie would then have to divlde the expense of the second 50.

No. 228 To T. Coulson. LpríI 7, L937

Dear Coulson, On the return by you of our paper, I sent sarne on to Chapman, and he has made soqe further comenÈs on smêr whlch I enclose for your perusal. You wíll see that hís most lnportant point is that he considers the dune llmestone at Rye Èo be older Èhan the ner¡rer basalt. I{e, of course, cannot agree to thls conclusion, ancl you will see from the letter that I have just sent to hl¡ Èhe position I take up 1n L59 regard to that matter. I also enclose a paragraph which I am inserËíng ín the paper as a ríder concerníng the Lara and Límeburnerst Point Freshwater limestone deposits. I hope that you will agree with the views that I have expressed ín the rider, as I am sending the proofs back to Stfllwell probably to-morrow. The proofs are practically the same as the paper Èhat you last saw, with the exception, of course, of the inclusion re Lara &c. I sha1l be glad if you will return Chapmanrs letter and my reply to me when you have perused same. Will you let me know Íf 50 copies of the paPer will be sufficient for you, so that, in returning the paged proofs, I can notify the editor of the number required? I went to the Ml_nes DepartmenÈ, buÈ Baragwanath hTas a\¡Iay and Caldr¿ell is at Bendigo. One of the clerks there told ne that there hras no copy of Caldwellts map of the Glenelg area available just yet, except ÈhaÈ it could be seen at the office, but that it ís goíng to be published and should be available within'abouÈ Èwo monthst Èime. If you are ín Melbourne at any tÍrne, it would be worth your while perhaps to call and see Èhe map, or perhaps you could get a copy by communicating direct with Caldwell or Single- t orr. Trusting that you are well-, and thaÈ you are finding some interesting geology in the Portland district,

Rider A: The liurited deposiÈs of freshwater límestone at Lara and Limeburnerst Point, Corio Bay, Geelong, resÈ upon the Newer Basalt, but their relation to the Dune LímesËone is not clear. Pritchard (1895, p. 40) appears Èo incline to a Pleistocene age for these freshwater limestones rather than Newer Pliocene as suggested by I{cCoy. In view of Èhe straÈigraphical position assigned by us to the Newer Basalt, we place them in the Pleísto- cene, buù whether they are late Middle Pleistocene or Upper Pleistocene cannot at present be stated. The amount of dissecÈlon by stream action that they have undergone at Lara urakes us, however, incline to the former, and Èherefore in the table below, they are placed in that series.

No. 229 To A. Coulson. May L4, 1938

Dear Coulson, I am sorry that I have been so long in offering you any notes regarding the draft paper on the physíography of the Geelong Dis- trict sent by you to me, and which I now return. Page 1 - You refer to decided changes of dip in the six surall areås. You give no indlcation as to what these changes are unless they are to be shown on the map forming figure 1. "These areas have suffered from faultl-ng.'r - You gíve no 160 evídence regarding this. (i) Pitching antÍcline at Cape Otway. (íi) A monocline eÈc. You give no details regardíng these features. Page 2 - Hills in support of hÍs view that the Otways vrere entirely subroerged in the Tertiary sea lndlcates that there was so¡oe doming, but he really gives no evidence in supPort, and I think you should deal with that aspect of the matter You say that the Jurassic rocks are soft, and hence have been much eroded. This is probably true in Ëhe main, but there are some thini bands of very hard sandstone. The general structure' however, so far as I have seen it, ís weak, and erosion would be rapid. Pases 2 and 3 - Absence of littoral facies and of shore lines. I think that these would be better treated together. You could probably state that there are not sufficient records close to the Otways to state whether littoral facies and o1d shore lines had or had not existed. Certainly any shore línes would tend to be destroyed unless sedimentation took place on a gradually sínkíng area' in which event Èhere should be evldence of shore lines at various depths. If no sinking took place, t.hen probably there would be shore lines only near the top of the deposits and they would be removed by erosíon. llith reference to Hi11sr claím as to doming, where is Èhere any evidence of the inclination or folding of the Tertiaries into a dome on the sl-des of the Otways? The Jurassic rocks should also gíve by Èheir dips some evidence of thís domtng. Htlls' open fold- íng is quite insufficient to explain this enormous dome. It ls very unlikely that every scrap of the Tertiary over such an area should have been removed above say the 800 feet line, or if there is any 1eft, that ít should not have been discovered. "Deep díssection of Èhe central portion of the rangest' - So far as I have observed l-n a few lÍ¡oited Èraverses, the state of dlssection of the Otways ís about early mature. If the rocks are soft and have been exposed from at least early Tertiary time' why is dissectíon not further advanced: If at the end of Barwonian or Kalímnan Ëime the Otways, covered by the Tertiaries' hrere uP- lifted, the present state of erosion would be understandable. It ls a difflcult problem, but I íncline towards the lsland hypoÈhesis, although fron my scanty knowledge of the distrl-ct, that oplnlon is not worth much. You make a good polnt on the absence of the Tertiary detrital deposits. Page 4 - Faults - You do not refer to the scarPs and whether you consíder the latter to be fault scarPs or fault-llne scarps. The tendency appears to be towards the fomer. Rowsley eÈc. fault - "Hades to the East." You do not sÈate that the downthrow 1s on the eastern sÍde. I think you should also show how far Fenner traced the faul-t and then show that. the re- uainder has been worked out by you. "Probable late Plelstocene f-n age" - What is your evldence 161

for this? The faults are later than Èhe nehrer basalt which you and I have suggested to be middle PlelsÈocene, t.herefore the faulting nay be late middle or early upper Pleistocene. Are the faults associated with the differential uplift or not,? The main upllfÈ was before the extrusl-on of the ne!¡er basalt. Page 5 - Ànakie - Lovely Banks fault - ? Hade. Fault scarP or fault line scarp? ? Tertiaries as well as the newer basalts also displaced. hlhere does the fault die out to the south? Does the scarp Peter out to the north? You should refer to the reference by Skeats in his You Yangs PaPer. Hor¿ much in connection wlth this fault is your origínal work? Page 5 - "Bartrabool fault." ? Evidence of penetration by Newton Hill and extension along the souËhern shore of Corio 3ay. The age of the faulting is not stated. Page 6 - "Quarrying the limestone" - Insert before limestone "Tertíary polyzoal". Evldence required that the lower level basalt had a different source from the upper level basalt. Perhaps you have shown thls in your 1937 paper. You state there ís only one internal fault 1n the Barrabool Hills. I think you should say that only one l-nternal faulË has hitherto been recorded ín the Barrabool Hills. Moolap etc. sunkland - You should gíve the evidence that the faults run respectively Èo Torquay and Ocean Grove. Page 7 - "Jutson 1935." Thís is a wrong reference, ? Coulson. I would leave out about Bass Strait as there is not suffi- cienE evidence to deal v¡ith thaÈ. You mention the probable tilting westward from Selwynr s fault. There is probably also tílting eastv¡ard from the Rowsley fault, but ts the apparent tilÈing due to erosion along a belt of weakness? Is there any evidence of faulting along the western side of Port Phillip Bay or the north side of Corio Bay? Page 8 - Evldence should be given of the syncll-norium. You say probably the earth movements and vulcanJ-city were almost contemporaneous. Perhaps lt would be better to say that the faultíng referred to in the paper and the vulcanl-clty vrere almost contenporaneous. "Dralnage" - I have no remarks to offer regardíng this as fn the absence of detalled maps, I cannoÈ follow all your arguments, but in the main they seem to me to be sound. There is one point' however, and that ls have you any evldence of rejuvenation in the Otways, such as differences ín Èhe upper and l-ower portions of the valleys? I hope that my remarks wíll be of some use to you and shall be glad to discuss any poJ-nt further with you should you so desire. With kind regards, t62

No. 230 To I^I. Crawford Sept. 3, L940 Gisborne, Victoria. Dear I'lr. Crai^rf ord , I am much ínterested in your valuable Paper "The PhysÍo- graphy of the Gisborne Highlands" and would much apprecíate a copy if you have one to spare. I am also interested in the paper by you and Ìfr. Edwards on the Cainozoic volcanic rocks of the Gísborne district, particularly to your reference on page 286 to the lava flow runníng south from I'ft. Bullengarook which you refer to as an example of a confined lava field. You then staËe "The drainage flowíng doum such a valley is still retaíned between the original inËerfluves, but tends to reconstitute ítself as a paír of lateral sÈreams on eiËher side of the lava fíeld, which becomes elevaÈed to the positíon of a ridge as erosion proceeds." The scale of the map on page 282 is too small or incomplete to follow the maÈter in detail and I should be much obliged if you would explain how Èhe reconstituÈion you mention fs takíng place.

No. 23]- To !tr. Crawford. Oct. 28, 1940 Dear Mr. Crawford, I have now had ti¡ne to Peruse & consider your long and interesting leÈter of the 30th September, Ëhe receipÈ of which I acknowledged some tírne ago I regret to say that I have scarcely any personal knowledge of the district & am noË therefore in a position to offer any remarks on your letter that you would be of any value. I note whaÈ you say abouÈ the Grobirne faulÈ and block, which shows how detailed examinaÈíon of the ground may necessitate the revision of prevÍous conclusions. But that ís the way in geology and all research \^Iorkers in Èhat subject must expect criË- icism. As mentioned i-n one of my earlier letters I am much inÈer- ested in the Bullengarook Gravel, its wide extenÈ, large boulders, and absence of igneous rocks. It cerÈainly seems to be a unique deposit. If you can establish the fact that before the erosion of the surface by some hundreds of feet Èhere were old Deep and Jacksonfs Creeks, thaÈ would be very ÍmportanÈ. I am sorry that I can help so liÈtle in the solutíon of your problems, but I hope that you will contínue your work & publish Èhe results from time to time.

No. 232 To The Secretary, Council July 9, 1936 for Scíentifíc and Indus- rial Research, Melbourne, VicËoria. 163

Dear Sir, As a scientific research worker, I should be much obliged if you would favour me wíth a list of the publications of your Council. If this ls too formidable a task, I should be glad to recel-ve partl-culars of those relatlng to geology and míning, physiography and botany (especially plant ecology). Research Pamphlet No. 64 "Soi1 Drift in the Arid Pastoral Areas of South Australia" by Mr. F. N. Ratcliffe, I should like to possess if you will be good enough to indicate the condítions under which it can be obtained. If you have not in the library of the Council the second edítion (Bulletin 95 of the Geologlcal Survey of l^Iestern Australla) of my Physiography of l{estern Australia, I should be pleased to send you a copy.

No. 233 To The Secretary, August 1, 1936 c. s. r.R. Dear Slr, I am in receípt of your letter of the 15th ult. with the enclosures therein referred to, for whích I thank you. I should be much obliged if you ¡¿ould forward me Èhe follow- íng publicaÈions of the Council:- Bulletins 27,7Or 80 and 90 and Pamphlets 25, 39, 42, 49, 54 and 60. Thanking you in anticipatlon,

No. 234 To I,I. M. Davis, Aprll 11, 1932 Pasadena, California, U.S.A. Dear Professor Davis, Many thanks for your letter to rne in reply to mÍne of the 24th October last. I am delighted to hear that you are so happtly sl-tuated in your domestic life and 1n your present rovlng work. It shows that you are mentally and physieally remarkably fit, and I hope you will have many more years ín which to continue the great work to r¿hích you have devoted your life. I also take the opportunlty of congraÈulating you on the ar¿ard of the Pentose Medal by the Geological Society of America¡ I quite agree wlth you abouÈ the faithfulness and unselflsh affectlon of women, they being much more self-sacrificing and un- selfl-sh than men. You thank me for my interest in your work and welfare, but it would not be posslble for me other than to take the keenesÈ interest in both, for you have both directly and indirectly through ny ll-fe glven me some of the greatest pleasure that I have had. The dl-rect pleasure has been derived from the perusal of your books and numerous papers, and the índirect pleasure has come L64

to me from the sÈimulus given by your work to go into the field and study physiography for myself. Before reading your \"torks' I had made acquaintance, of course, with the great old English Masters, A. C. Ramsay and Àrchibald Gelkie, but l-t \¡7as your work showing the evolution of land forms that ultímately gave me such an interest Ln the subJect. Regarding coral reefs, I can quite understand how exasPer- ating it must be to you after all your work to find the subj ect so inconpetenÈly treated by zoologisÈs who ought to knor¡ beÈter. I shal1 look forward to receiving reprints of the papers you refer to, and I have no doubt that I shall as usual enJoy the perusal of them. tr'Iith best wishes for your continued health and happlness. P.S. I have no information at present regarding submarine t'valleyst' off the Australian coast, buÈ I shall endeavor to obtain same. Meantjme I shall look forward to receiving a coPy of your paper on the coast of the Santa Monica notes. J.T.J.

No. 235 To I,I. M. Davis. August 26, L932 Dear Professor Davis, I was very pleased to receive your letter of the l4th May last and also your postcard of the 28th June sÈaÈl-ng that you were forwarding Èo me three packages of reprints of your early papers. Those have now come to hand and form a very interesting lot. Many thanks for your kindness in sending s¡me to me. Those that I have noË already read I shall go through at the earliest opportunlty. I probably have duplícaÈes of some of those and shall bear ín mind what you say regarding the Universíty LibrarJ-es. The dupllcates I shall sort out and despatch at once to some of the Universitíes in Australia. I shall be glad Èo receive reprinÈs of any PaPers you publish on submarine "valleysrr or on Clear Lake or desert gran- itic domes. The latter subject r¡tll be especially interesting to me in view of the wÍdespread occurrence in the interior of llestern Australia of sueh domes. It ís very gratlfying to me, as well no doubt as to many oÈhers, ÈhaÈ you are still so vígorous and able Èo Èackl-e new subj ects. I see our friend Professor Douglas Johnson has published a new book on the rLvers of part of EasÈern UnlÈed States. I have not yet seen Èhe book, only a review, but doubtless it will- be extremely interesting as all hls work ls. I^lith very klnd regards and trusting that you are l-n excellent health, P.S. I have just discovered ín the Powell Biographical Memoir 165

r,rhich you senÈ t,o oe, four leËters addressed to yourself . I ¡m enclosJ-ng ËÏr-em. JTJ

No. 236 To t{. M. Davis. Noy. L6, L932 Dear Professor Davis, Your 1eÈter of the 6th u1t. regarding desert domes in Australia has Just been received by me anil I' hasten to reply to iÈ. The domes that I know of occur 1n Llestern Australia. They probably also occur in the Ínterior of other Australian States, buÈ I ¡m not acquainted with thern personally or wlth any l1-terature describing then. Although those Èhåt occur in lfestern AusËralia are well known to the local geologists and mf-ning men generally, there is no detailed descriptíon of their characËerisÈics that I âm a\^rare of. Like so many other fairly cormon physical features in any country, a knowledge of their characters is generally assrmed on the parË of the readers of a geological report or paper. I cannot even refer you to many published illustrations. Perhaps the best are: (a) For a general víe¡¿ of a conparatlvely large dome see Bulletin 61 of the Geol. Surv. of lf.A. (Physiography of I{.4. by nyself) p. 2O6 fLg. 118. (b) For the "dirnpling" of these hills Ínto small rock basins, see a paper by uyself publtshed in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, Vol. 33 (new seríes) L92I, pp. 108- 110, Plate V, figs. 1 & 2. (c) Tor the exfoliation and general weat.hering of the surface of the granlte, see Blatchfordrs reporÈ,8u11. 71 Geol. Surv. of 1tr.4., pp. 58, 59, 60 and 61. The followíng description 1s taken from Èhe second edítion (unfortunately not yet publíshed) of ny Physíography of trIestern Australia: In Salinaland partícularly, the areas of graníte that reslsË this general planatlon are small, but they are of considerable lnterest. They form Èhe fairly con¡mon island-hills or domes of granite whl-ch rise to perhaps 100 feet above the general surface of the plains. The hills may occupy but a few square yards, or they may be a mile or more in Èheir longer dia¡neter. They are usually almost destítute of vegetatl-on and present rounded flowing out- línes, due to the exfollation of the rock surface, with tors of various shape and size, some of which are hollor^¡ed out froro below upwards in a ræarkable manner, which of ten results ín groÈesque forms belng produced. It ís on the sides and at the foot of these island-hl-lls that most of the valuable gnârrma holes occur; ttsoakstt are also f ound at. Ëhe foot. L66

I hope that these notes will be of some value Èo you. You will note that the domes are all in granite. It is possible that you and I may not be referring to the same class of features, but, from the information now supplled to you, you w111 be able to Judge for yourself rvhether v/e are ln accord or not on that. point. l,{ith very kind regards and besÈ ¡,¡ishes for your continued health and activl.ty.

No. 237 To I^I. M. Davis. Dec. 15, 1933 Dear Professor Davis, I received wíth many thanks the reprJ-nt of your paper on Granfte Domes and have read same with very much interest. I wish I could revl-sit T{estern AusÈralia for a tirne so as to see whether there are occurrences there slmilar to what you describe. There are vast areas of granite outcrops l-n I^Iestern Àustralia, but I doubt very much whether there are any upfaulted blocks of granite, except possibly at the r^Testern end of the Great PlaÈeau, which is termínated by a scarp. trühen you mentioned to me some tjme ago thaÈ you \Árere preparing a paper on granite domes, I dtd not realise t,he exact nature of what you meant by granite domes, and hence I fear I may have misled you in statlng that we have slmilar occurrences in !'Iestern Australia. I trust that when your paper on sheeÈfloods and sÈream- floods ís published you wÍl1 be able to spare me a copy of same. You will, no doubt, have seen my paper ín the American Journal of Scíence on sheetfloods or sheetflows in about 1919. hlith very kind regards and trusting that you are keeping well,

No. 238 To The SecreËary, Jan. 5, 1928 Department of Defence, Melbourne, Victorl-a. Dr Sir, I am in receipt of your letter of the 3rd inst. & return receipt slgned by me for the 4 maps forwarded which came duly to hand. The maps will be treated by me as confldentlal & will be held in safe custody by being kept, as a rule, in a locked trunk in uy home.

[Maps forwarded were Sorrento, PortarlLngÈon, Geelong, lJestern Part and l,Ioo1amai: Military Surveys roaps.l L67

No. 239 To Eliza R. Edwards, Feb. L7, 1936 Epson, New Zealand. Dear Míss Edwards, I have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 29th November last, and ín accepting the posiEion as one of the Více Presidents of Section P, Geography and Oceanographyt for the neeting l-n Auckland ín January 1937 ot the A.N.Z.A.A.S.' that, provided I can accept without definiËely bindíng rnyself to attend the neeting. I should very rnuch like to aÈtend, buÈ aÈ present I cannot say whether that is possible or not. Please express my appreciaÈion to the local Coumittee of the invitation to me to act. lAlso another wrltten note re the address blunder by the Universi- ty. (JrJ)l

No. 240 To Eliza R. Edwards. Feb. 27, 1936

Dear MÍss Edwards, Referring to our previous correspondence relating to the return through the Dead Letter Office of your letter Ëo me of the 29th Novenber last, Èhe Registrar of the Melbourne Universlty would like, lf possible, to have the original enveloPe containJ.ng your letter addressed to me at the University. I suppose, of course, it has long since been destroyed, but, since the Registrar would ltke to have it, I am writing to you on Ëhe offchance that it may stl-ll be in your possession. I am sorry to trouble you again over thÍs unfortunate blunder of the Unlversíty.

No. 24]- To H. A. Ellis, Nov. 15, 1939 Geological Survey, Perth, hlestern Australia. Dear Mr. E1lis, I am much obllged to you for sending me Bulletin No. 97 of the Survey, which I have looked over with considerable lnterest. I notice on Page 52 that you state fÈ has been suggested by me that the country dealt wfth fn your report may represent a plane of marlne abraslon and that Èhe Miocene Sea penetrated far into the interior of l,lesÈern Australia. I think thls does not. quite correctly state my víews on the matter for you will see on Pages 201 and 2OZ of Bulletin 95 that, after discussing the possí- bility of the plane of marl-ne abrasion, it was rejected by me 1n favour of a normal peneplafn. This ls only a detail but I thought I uight as well brlng it under your notiee. I am also ínÈerested in your re¡arks on Pages 59 to 61 of your Sulletln and, if you refer to the PaPer by myself on Goon- garrie published by the Royal Soclety of Victoria ln 1917, you 168 wíll find very similar conditions to those outlined by you ín regard to the lakes of your dl-strict. The Survey should have a copy of this paper but, Íf not, I can forward you a reprlnÈ. lJhilst writing to you I night ¡nentlon that I have not received Bulletins 92 and 96 of the Survey. Perhaps, however, they have not yeÈ been issued. I have also an idea that there l-s an earlier gap in the numbers of the Bulletins somewhere in the 70rs whlch has never been filled. I^lith best ¡^rishes for your work,

No. 242 To R. I{. Falrbridge, July 31, 1945 Brísbane, Queensland. Dear Dr. Fairbrldge, I am in receipt of your letter of the 19th last, and, as requested, I am forwarding by separate packet a reprint of ny Sydney paper. I am also sendlng reprínts of my Port Ph1llfp Bay and Mt. Martha (Port Philllp Bay) papers, in which you rnight fínd something of interest. I shall be pleased to hear that. you receive them safely. Your remarks concerning the wonderful development of the shore platforms on the Queensland coast interest me very much and I shall be glad to receive copies of any paPers that you uay publish on Èhe subject. I not,e that you do not agree wit,h Steers as to an elevation of the Low Isles. The evl-dence in general has been unsatisfactory or too slight as regards elevatíon, and rny PaPers have, ín fact, been a protest agafnst the tendency to assume elevation for various coastal features that could be formed wíÈh sea-level as at presenf. I do not feel competent to express an opl-níon as to whether the Queensland bench was formed before the reefs reached their present development, having no Personal kpowledge of the area and not being fully acqualnted with the llterature, buË 1t seems to me Èhat l-t could be so. These platforms must take a long tlroe Ëo cut, especially when we remember thaÈ they are being continuously destroyed aÈ their seaward edges. I'Iith best wishes for your work,

No. 243 To Professor N. M. Fenneman, June 23' 1939 Uníversity of Cincinnatl, Cincinnati' U.S.A. Dear Sir, I am much inÈerested in your address "The Rise of Physi-o- graphy" publíshed in the Bulletin of Èhe Geological Society of America (March 1939) and should much like to have a copy if you have one Èo spare. In case you are interested ln Australian physiography, I am sendíng herewith a copy of my paper, published a good many years L69

ago, on Arid Erosion etc. ín Western Australia, in the Geoçraph- ical Journal , London. My latest suÍmary of l^Iestern Australian physiography was published in 1934 as Bulletin 95 of the Geolog- ical Survey of l{estern Australia. If you have not a copy of that work, I should be pleased to forward one to you. I am also much ínterested ín your address "Cyc1lc and Non- Cyclíc Aspects of Erosion" published in the Bulletin of the Geol- ogical Society of America Vol. 47 and, if you have a reprint available, I should be very glad to possess ít.

No. 244 To N. M. Fenne¡oan. Nov. 18, 1939

Dear Professor Fenneman, I am l-n receipt of your letter of the 14th September last, together with the tr{o papers therein mentioned, for which please accept my lrarm thanks. I trust that by now you have received a copy of Dy paper published ín the Geographical Journal of London on Arid Eroslon in l,Iestern Australla. I am also forwarding by separate packeÈ a coPy of the second edition of uy Physlography of llestern Australia published as 3ulletin 95 of the Geological Su¡vey of that State. I trusÈ that same reaches you safely. If you are publlshf-ng any other Papers of physiographical interest, I shall be very pleased to receive copies of same.

No. 245 To C. Fenner, The Super- August 20, 1934 intendent of Technical Education, Educatíon Depart- ment Adelal-de' South Australia.' My dear Fenner, For purely personal reasons, I desire to drop out of the Physiographlc comríttee. I shallr therefore, be g1-ad tf you wlll arrange for someone to take my pIace. I,Iith very kf-nd regards'

No. 246 To C. Fenner. Sept. 11, 1934

My dear Fenner, Referrlng to your letter to me of the 28th ult. ¡ I should be glad to be relieved of the necessl-ty elther of writing or speaking at the Melbourne Meetlng. Probably Clarke, who is a member of the Structural Couuolttee, would acÈ in my place if you asked hin. I do not wish to see you stuck, so that íf you cannot get somebody in my place, I shall endeavour to let you have a r^Iritten conÈribution. What you requLre I presume is the statement re- 170 ferred to in your letter of Ëhe 30th April last, which accomPan- ied the Extract from the Report of the Research Committee for the Sydney Meeting. l.Iith very kind regards,

No. 247 To C. Fenner Dec. 13, L934

My dear Fenner, Thanks very much for your letter of the 6th inst. regarding BulleÈin No. 95 of the l{estern Australian Survey, of which I an glad to see you have received a copy. It is very gratifying Èo receive leÈÈers such as yours after all the lrork one has to put inÈo an underËakíng of this kind. Only those who have done similar work can appreciate Èhe time and labour necessary for the production of such a volume' especially when there has been a considerable lapse of time between the date of writing and the date of publication as in my case. I recently came across your Murray Basin article in the Geographtcal Review, and desire to congratulate you on that paper. I expect that is only the forerunner of a much more extended one to be published locally and to which I shall look forward. I^Iith very kind regards and wishing you the ComplÍments of the Season.

No. 248 To C. Fenner. March 20, 1935

My dear Fenner, I am writing to you about the reports thaÈ Clarke and I submítted to you for the A.N.Z.A.A.S. Meetíng in January last. Clarke did not know what I had wrítÈen for you, neither did I knor¡ what he had \,¡'ritten, but we had an interview before his departure for l^Iest,ern Australia and he told me the general nature of his reporÈ Èo you. Since then, he has sent me a copy of the reporÈ, and it appears that there is considerable disagreement betr¿een his views and mine. He said that he would see you before he left for the l{est as to what you proposed doing in regard Èo the Èwo rePorts. I Èhink it would be as well if you would let me know what you propose doing and to send to Clarke and myself a copy of any statement that you propose to have prl-nted. I^lill- you kindly let me know what the present.position is? With very kind regards, L7I

No. 249 To C. Fenner. March 27, L935

My dear Fenner, Thanks for your letter of the 22nd inst. regarding the A. N.Z.A.A.S. reports. I note what you say and I Èhink so far as I am concerned that the matter may rest as it is. I am forwarding to Clarke copies of my letters to you and of your letter to me so that he will knor¡ Ëhe exact positlon. I^Iith very kind regards,

No. 250 To J. Gentilli, Research July 16' 1945 Officer, Universlty of tr{est.- ern Australia, Nedlands, I{estern AusÈralia. Dear Mr. Gentilli, I am in receipt of your letÈer of the 10th ínst. and apPrec- iate very much Èhe offer you have made to me through the kind offices of our mutual friend, Professor Clarke. I r¿ould like to undertake Ëhe work but, as you say' iÈ ís a b'lg job and I do not know how long it would take me to do in view of my present conmltmenÈs. Before def initely deciding one r/ray or the other, I would like Èo know when you would expect the work to be completed, that is, approximately, of course. Regarding the orographic map, I have one man 1n nind who would be capable of dol-ng the work. I shall menÈion the matter Èo hirn and let you know the result as early as possible.

No. 25L To J. Gentilli. July 30, 1945

Dear Mr. Gentilli, I duly received your letter of the 18th inst. and I thank you for the lnformatl-on you gíve,me. I have given the matter very careful consideration and I feel that, whilst I would like to undertake the work, I may noÈ be able to do it in the required time, although you are generous enough in that regard. I have a feeling that I might fail you, owl-ng to pressure of other matters, and that would perhaps throw your whole scheme ouÈ of joint. I must therefore regretfully refuse your offer, which I sincerely appreclate. The friend I referred to as capable of dolng the orographlc map ls Mr. C. S. Honman. He would make an excellent Job of it' buË he also regrets that he cannot undertake the work. I trust that you will find suitable substltutes. I,trith best wishes for the success of the Atlas, L72

No. 252 To J. Gentillí. August 31, L945 Dear I'fr. Gentilli, I have your letter of the 22nd inst, and I am sorry to hear of your difficulties in regard to the Atlas. T have shornrn your letter to Mr. Honman, but he stí1l regrets that he will noÈ be able to take any part in the preparation of the orographic urap. I know thaÈ he has his hands full in a very big and important job for the GovernmenÈ. If I can be of any assistance concerning Ëhe physiographic map in the way of giving or obtainíng any informaÈion bearing on Èhe matter, I shall be happy to render it. I^IlÈh kind regards,

No. 253 To J. Gentil1i. Dec. 22, 1947 Dear lfr. Gentílli, Please accepÈ my sincere apologies for not r"rriting to you sooner regarding the physiographíc and geological maps you \{ere kind enough to send me for criticisur. I can only plead pressure of other matters and sickness in my home. The physiographic map appears Ëo me Èo be correct so far as my knowledge goes. The only point I have to make is Èhe method of representaÈion. Thus in l¡Iestern Australia' one might think thaÈ Ëhe vast interior portion of Èhe GreaÈ Plateau vlas noË as high as it is. In facË, one might think it comparaËive1y low. That, on the method of shading adopted, cannot be remedied and yet to me ít is a blemish. The most satísfactory method would be contour lines but for the whole of Australia they, of course, are not available. Another method is that adopted by Mclintock ín his Swan Geography of I^Iestern Australia (1928) p. 66, but that has the disadvantage of not shor¿ing whether the various parts of the country are dissected or praeti-cally undissected and that poinË, which is so ímportant, is clearly brought out in your map. If iÈ could be done, I think the most satisfactory lray would be to superÍmpose Mclintockrs method on to what I night call the "dissected method" but I am afraid the result would not be clear. A colour scheme, I suppose, cannot be used on account of the expense. On Èhe whole therefore, the nap as prepared by you is the best with present knowledge. I think, however, that there could be some explanatory notes attached to the map referring to the approximate heights of t.he undissected areas. The geological map seems Èo be subsÈantially correct but I am not acquainted wíÈh all the recent work. Selwynfs Fault ís on the eastern side of Port Phillip Bay. I extended Ít northwards under the name of the Dandenong Fault but was careful to query it. Hills thlnks that the extended fault does not exist and it would therefore be wise to reduce the length shown on your map. L73

The only other point is the ll-st of men on whose works you rely for the production of your geologl-cal nap. You have left out the names of uany of the men on the different State geological surveys. In I^Iestern Australia, the names of Maítland, lJood- ward and Talbot (amongst others) are outstanding and yet are missing. You must have a reason for the omissions but l-t l-s noÈ apparent to me. I hope what I have said wl-ll be of soxoe use to you. l.Iith kind regards,

No. 254 To The City Engineer' June 6, 1935 Geelong, Victorl-a. Dear Sír, I am collectlng information as to the effect of the erectlon of sea walls, groynes, baËhs &c. on erosion and depositl-on along the coast of Port Phíllip Bay, and I have been inforned thaÈ since the completíon of the reclamatory v7ork at the Easteln Beach there has been a considerable scour by the sea of portíons of the old beach. I am not suffl-ciently acquainted ¡¿ith the conditions of the beach prior to and iruredíately followíng the ímprovenents referred to belng made, to form an opinion as to whether my information l-s correct. I should, therefore, be much obllged if you would favour me with any facts bearing on the matter. A brief statemenÈ would suffíce. Thanking you in anticipation,

No. 255 To G. H. HallJ-gan' August 20, 1935 Kíllara, New South l{ales. Dear Sir, I should be much obliged if you would forward ne any reprints that you may have available of any scientifíc PaPers published by you, particularly those dealing with coastal phenomena, such as'sand movement, t,ldesr currentsr vlaves, subsidence, elevation, sand dunes, marine erosíon, &e. I send herewith a reprJ-nt of my paper on erosion &c. in Port Phill-íp Bay whlch may be of some interest to you.

No. 256 To G. H. Halligan, Sept. 25, 1935 Turramurra, New South l^lales. Dear Mr. Halllgan, Many thanks for your letter of Èhe 10th inst. and also for the accompanyíng Papers which you so kindly sent to me. I shatl look up your PaPer on Botany Bay, and I feel sure I shall be interested in lt. L74

I had at Ëhe tíme of vrriËing to you already perused your very ínterestíng paper on Sand MovemenË Along the Coast of New South l^lales. Some Èime I shal1 be glad Èo have from you a list of all your publicaÈions so that I can refer to any of them. I shall be ve-ry glad to see you when you come to Melbourne and have a chat with you as suggested. If you will telephone to me at Ëhe above address or to my private address, Ivanhoe 362, we shall be able to make an appointment. I am sending wÍth this a copy of my paPer on Port Campbell, Victoria, as Ëhat may be of some interest to you.

No. 257 To G. I1. Halligan. Oct. 16, 1935 Dear l"Ir. Halligan, Many Ëhanks for your letter of the 13Èh inst. together with the accompanying list of your published papers. T hope that when you are in Melbourne you will not fail to look me up. Regarding the Port Caurpbell paper, at the time thaË was written I had no definiËe opinions regarding elevation or de- pressíon on the Australían coast, but I think, without looking up the paper, that I did not come to any definite conclusion one r¡/ay or the other. Since that paper rtTas written, I have given a good deal of atÈention to the quesÈion, and I quite agree wiÈh you that no movements of elevation or depression should be assumed until all other explânations are exhausted. My general opínion at the present tíme is that there ís no undoubted evidence of recent elevation on the Víctorian coast. lJiÈh kind regards, P.S. Since writing the above I have looked up my Port Campbell paper & if you will refer to p. 56 you will see ËhaÈ I say thaÈ there is no definite evidence of recent uplifÈ.

No. 258 To G. H. Ha1-ligan. Sept. 4, L936 Dear Mr. Halligan, I,rrhen I saw you ln Melbourne recently, you were kind enough Èo say that you would let me have the references to Prof. Davidrs papers indicating the occurrence of recent shells a few feet above hlgh tide mark at various points along the New South Inlales coast, but which you hrere inclined Èo thínk only indicated that the anímals were able to subsist above ordinary high tide mark, owíng to the spray from the r¡raves being able to provide for their needs of life. This feature I have observed at Kílcunda on the Víctorian coast just Ëo the east of I'IesÈern Port Bay. I should, therefore, be much obliged j.f you would send me l-75

any references to Prof. Davidts papers. If you are comíng to Melbourne at any time and have g day or two to spare, I should much like to show you some of the shore-líne features near Melbourne which would be of interest to you.

No. 259 To J. Macdonald Holmes, Nov. 2, 1935 Professor of Geography, The Uníversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South l^Iales. Dear Professor Holmes, Many thanks for your letter of the 16th ult. and for Èhe accompanying papers. It is very gratifying to ue to have your appreciation of the second edition of my ÌJestern Australian Physiography. I have a short arÈicle in preparation, and shall send it to you for publlcatíon, if you approve of it, in "The Àustralian Geographertt as soon as possible. I shall read your Presidential Address carefully and shall, as requested by you, make any cortrnents thereon that occur to me.

No. 260 To J. Macdonald Holmes. Dec. 4 , l-935 Dear Professor Holmes, Thanks for your letter of the 27th ult. I thought I should have been able to send you the article Jrnmedlately on receípt of your letter, but I find that lÈ is now impossible for me to do so. You had, therefore, better noÈ r¿ait on the off-chance of it arrJ-ving ín tíme for the January number. I shall forward sane to you later.

No. 26L To J. Macdonald Holmes. Feb. 13, 1936

Dear Professor Holmes, Referring to our prevíous correspondence, I enclose a brief note on the "Dry Lakes" of llestern Australia, l-f you care to insert it in the next number of "The Australlan Geographer." You will see that 1t has reference to a previous artfcle on the sa¡ne subJect in the same journal. I am preparing an article on the dlstribution of beach shingle ln Port PhÍllip 3ay and adjaeent coasts (as one of a series I propose to write on Victorian coastal physiography). I,Iould you care to publish Èhe article mentioned? I have not forgotten my promise Èo uake some cornments on your presl-dential address, and sha11 leÈ you have them as soon as posslble. L76

No. 262 To J. l{acdonald Holues. March. 6, 1936

Dear Professor Holmes, I shal1 Ïie glail to hear from you regarcling roy letter to you of the 13Èh ult. at your convenlence.

No. 263 To J. 1[acdonald llo]mes. March 2L, L936

Dear Professor Holmes, Thanks for your letter of the 16th inst. Regarding the note on the Dry Lakes of hrestern Australia, which I sent Ëo you on the 13th ult., m I to receive 25 free copies. In fact, ín any event, I sha1l be prepared to pay for 25 eopies.

No. 264 To J. l¡tacdonald Hol-mes . ltay L2, 1936

Dear Professor Holmes, I æ sorry to dlsappoint you but, owing Èo pressure of other I¡rork, ny article is not ready, and I am afraid iË must miss the present issue of the t'Geographer." I shal1 finish it as soon as possible and then forward it to you. I hope that I have not ínconvenienced you. I^Iith kind regards,

No. 265 To J. Macdonald HoLmes. July 8, 1936 Dear Professor Holues, Thank you very much for the twelve copies. of ttThe Australían Geographer" which you have sent Ëo me. It is a piÈy, however, that Ëhe author of an article cannot correct hls own proofs. In the eighth last line the word "corrosíon" has been substituted for "corrasion" the tÌ^7o things being of course very díf f erent. "Cor- rasion" is perhaps the one v¡ord in the noÈe that should not have been alÈered. In the fourÈh last line "condÍtion" should be t'conditions.rr I shall alter my copies, æd I should be obliged if you would have any that you have left altered in the s¿me riray. Unless an author corrects his o¡¿n proofs, such errors are bound to occur, and I would, therefore, suggest that, unless an author 1s too far away, the proofs be submitted to him. Melbourne should not be too far frorn Sydney for this purpose. Please do not thlnk oe "finlcky." I know the diffícultles under whích you are labouring and deslre to help as ¡uch as possible. I.rlith kind regards, 177

No. 266 To C. S. Honman, July 11' 1935 Geological Survey of North Àustralía, Cloncurry, Queensland. My dear Horunan, I received your second letter r¿hich however I have not now in front of me, but I am writlng at once and dealing only with the Prospectus issued by the Celebration GoId Mine. The extract on page 6 settlng out prominently your staÈe- ment that the Celebration formation has all the characteristlcs of the true Kalgoorll-e lodes is very objecÈionable in that lt does not refer to the copy letter on page 16. Anyone reading page 6 r¿ou1d think thaÈ your statement had been made quite recently instead of nearly 16 years ago. I have looked up the Law to some extenË and think that you have a right to require the Prospectus to be withdrawn so far as the publicatíon of your víews is concerned, or to require some compensaÈíon therefore, but, 1n any event, I think you should lnsist that the statenent on page 6 be added to by a reference to the full letter on page 16 so as Èo make it perfectly clear to anyone perusing the Prospectus that your oplnion was given in 1919 and not ín 1935. I am assuming that the quotatlons from your letter are correcÈ on page 16, and that, when that letter Tras sent to the ttKalgoorlíe Mlnerrtt yor recel-ved no remuneration for it, otherwise the copyrJ-ght nl-ght have passed to the newspaper. I{ill you let me know what you wish to be done in the matter? If any actíon ls to be taken, it must, of course' go Èhrough my firm l-n the ordl-nary way. Perhaps iÈ would be sufficient to fix a certain sum as compensation for your consent to use the lettert always however making it conditíonal that the stateuent on Page 6 should be added to as I have already suggested. I am sendlng this by the earliest mafl as no time should be losÈ. P.S. I have just notlced that the Prospectus is dated last l-farch' so that the damage is probably done. However a letter would no doubt prevent any further ones from bel-ng issued & we could ask for an apology as well as compensation, the apology to be used in any i47ay you thought fit. If our l-eÈter had no effect then before you incurred further expense the whole matter would have to be more carefully considered.

No. 267 To A. James. August 8, 1926

Dear James, ttl"lr. (I trust that you will pardon me f or dropping the , " but it seems to me to be superfluous. lflll you treat me in the same way? ) I was glad to recelve your letter of the 22nd June last & to know that you receíved my publications & letter safely. The 178 letter sent by you never reached me, & naturally I was wonderlng why no acknowledgment had come, although of course thinking that probably lt had miscarried. It was bad luck to lose L4 worth of books. I am pleased that you found my notes on youT book of some value, but I trust you wt1l verify r¡hat I said, for, as I told me I wrote. you, I had few books of reference by when I'Chief Did I make myself clear about the chapter Types of Government"? lfhat I wanted to emphasize ¡"ras the difference between the Executíves of Great Brítain & U.S.A., & the difference as well as similarity tn the Canadl-an & Australian forms of government. The similarJ-ty of the latter two is due to each having a form of government in which the Executlve is directly responsible to Parl-iament (as is Èhe case with Great Britain) & in each being a federation. The difftce is that l-n the federatíon, the residue of po\,Jers in Australl-a is vested in the States, whereas l-n Canada it is vested in the Federal Parliament. In U.S.A. the residue of powers ís vested ln the States thence in thís respecÈ Australla resembles U.S.A. & it was (t betieve) the U.S.A. constitution which mosË influenced the framers of the Àustn. Iederal constitution, excePt ín the determination to continue the Parlia- mentary control of the Cablnet, which of course was & still is in exisÈence ín all the States. I dontt quite follow you with regard to the Rhine Gorge. In your letter you state that the gorge tn diff | È parts had two origins - ln the north it was cuÈ in Èhe rlsing peneplane while in the south it was formed in a rift valley. I agree with this statement, but on page 151 of your book you state "the Vosges MEs. are septd from the Black ForesÈ by the Rhine Gorge, made by the Rhine cutting down into the elevated block. " Is not the Rhlne between the Vosges & the Black ForesÈ occupying the rift valley you refer to? If so ls not your staÈement quoted above íncorrect? You much be glad to have finished your Junior GeograPhy. I congratulate you on the production of another book, which however I have noÈ yet seen. With kínd regards'

No. 268 To G. Jobberns' Sept. 3' 1940 Canterbury Universlty' College Christchurch' Chrlstchurch, New Zealand. Dear Dr. Jobberns, I should be greatly obliged if you could favour me with a copy of your paper "The Raised Beaches of the NorËh-east Coast of the South Island of New Zealand" and any others of a geomorph- ologícal characÈer. Should you be ínterested in Australian geomorphology, I should be pleased to send you copíes of some paPers of my own. t23/9/40 Lre ackg the recpt of a packet of reprlnts sent by Dr. Jobberns (JTJ)l L79

No. 269 To Professor O. T. Jones, August 20' 1935 Vlctoria University' Manchester, England. Dear Sír, I have seen a reference to a recent paper of yours on recenÈ movements of the British coasË-line published in "Antiquity.t' I have not been able to see this paper, and I, Èherefore, would be much obliged if you would forward me a reprint lf you have one to sPare. I send herewith a reprint of my paper on erosion and sedÍ- mentation ín Port Phillip Bay, AustralJ-a, which may be of some Ínterest to you. I need not say thaÈ reprints of any other PaPers by you would be very welcome.

No. 27O To R. A. Keble. Nov. 19, L946 Dear Keble, Many Èhanks for sendJ-ng to me reprints of your paPers on Èhe DiproÈodonidae, the Maribyrnong River terraces & the Sunk- lands of.Port Philltp Bay etc. I have not yet had tLme to read (but merely to glance at) them much less to dígest thern, but I must congraÈulate you on their publicaÈion. You have PUE a tremendoua amount of work into them & have offered up nevl fields of research, aà well as glving a vast amourit of information that will be of great value to all future Ínquirers. One polnt I noÈiced l-n your Sunklands PaPer & that ís your reference on p. 95 to the Croydon Sunkland. I still believe ín my maín interpretatlon, despite the criticism of Hills & Gill & I am glad to note that you apparently accePt the sunkland as a fact. I think that Hills has on certaín poínÈs misread your basalt residuals paper.

No. 27I To Professor L. C. Kíng, June 28' 1948 Natal University College, Durban, South Africa. Dear Prof essor Kl-ng, I wlsh to thank you very much for sending to me a copy of your presidential address entl-tled "Landscape Study in Southern Africa." I have enjoyed readlng 1t. It is so comPrehensive and stinulatíng. Of course, an outsider like myself cannot preÈend to follow all the arguments and conclusíons, since they are based not only on field observations but uPon an ext.ensíve literature, some of which I have read, partlcularly several of Dixeyrs PaPers. I^Ihat has interested me mosÈ is your doctrine of pediplana- tlon as the maln mode of the development of landscape in Southern Afrlca. It recalls to my mind many of the conditions in semf-arid 180 llestern Australia. Strangely enough, before the receipt of your paper, I had been thínking of ped.lments ín that country, but only ín a vague kínd of way. Your paper c¿tme as a flash of light on the subject, and I hope no\^r to go into the matter. With best wishes for your future work and with kind regards,

No. 272 To L. C. King. Dec. 13, 1948 Dear Professor Kíng, Many thanks for your interesting letter of the 5th of Aug- ust last. I must apologise for not acknowledging its receipt earll-er but I have been hoping to let you have some of the references you desire. Unfortunately however, I have not coue across any. You seem to have ascerÈained the few that are apparently available. I shall await the development and publications of your ídeas \,rith interest. They certal-nly appear to be revolutionary' but that is all to the good provided, of course, they have some backíng of facts and sound reasoning, which I am sure wtll be the case with you. I{ith kind regards, and wishing you the compliments of the season,

P.S. I have just recel-ved a letter from Sir Edmund Teale. He tells me that he had the prlvilege of reading a btg PaPer by you before the Geological Society in London. I Ërust that when published you wl-ll be able to forward me a copy.

No. 273 To The Secretary for June 11' 1928 Lands, Lands DePartment, Melbourne, Victoria. Dear Sir, The flrst number of the N.S.W. Geog. Journ. 1s beíng issued shortly & I have been asked by the Editor to furnish a brief surunary of the progress of geographical research in Vic. during the past Ërnro years. It ls deslred to note any cartographl-caI work of a special character (such for lnstance as a new topograph- ícal map of the SÈate or detal-led conÈoured or hachured maps of any area) published durlng that period. I shall therefore be glad ff you wtll favor me wíth partlars of any such maps publlshed by your department since lst Jany L926. Thank you in antcpn.

No. 274 To The Secretary of Lands. July 13, L928 Dr. Sir, I refer to my letter to you of the llth ult in regard to any 181

cartographical r4rork of a special character published by your Dept durg the last 2 yrs. I shall be obliged íf you will reply to that leÈter.

[MS accompanying Letter No. 165, presuurably prepared by The Secretary of Lands.] Published papers:- H. S. Kenyon Some Implements of Australian Camplng Grounds. Vict. Nat.' l-bid. Feb., 1927, Vol. XLIII, Aboriginal Burial Custome' ' Oct., L927, Vol. )(LIV. Chas. Barrett The Purilka Flint. Ibid., Feb. 1927, Vol. )GIII. Relics of Lost Tribes: Quest of Ancient Man in Australia. Antiquity, SepË., L937 J. A. Kershaw Battles Long Ago. Vict. Nat., )(LIV., p. 306. I expect you have the ArS lReportl, Adelaide MeeÈing - There are several papeïs in iÈ. The paPers read at the Perth & Hobart Meetings have not yet been printed. At Perth there \¡ras a paPer by Chas. Daly on the Use of Fltnt by Australian Aboriglnes. At HobarÈ two by Kenyon (1) A Paprian Skul1 found at condah, victoria and (2) Tasrnanian, Australian & New Zealand Stone Impleuents con- pared; also one by Kenyon & Mahony - The Smaller AusÈralian chipped Implements. There are notes on the Cohuna Skull in the Argus & Age of 20/4/26, Argus 2214/26, Age 23/4/26, Sun New PictoríaI 23/+lZ0 & Argus 23/4/26.

No. 275 To A. N. Lewis, APrll 17' 1935 Hobart, Tasmania. Dear Dr. Lewís, Thank you for your letter of Èhe 7Èh ínst. and for the reprint accompanyl-ng same. Your paper looks very interestíng, but I am unable to follow it untll I see the paper ¡^rhich you referred to in your letter pub- líshed in the proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmanl-a in 1933. If you have a spare reprint of that PaPer, I should be much obliged if you could forward ne same. I will then be able Èo peruse both papers and get to understand the glsÈ of your argument. Reprints of any other Papers of yours would also be aPPrec- lated.

[No reply recd to Èhls letter. (JTJ)] [In regard to A. N. Lewisrs Ëheories as to various stages ln the Pleistocene glaciatl-on in Australia, - probably somewhat simllar ídeas developed ln I,l. M. Davis I s "Glacial- Epochs of the Santa 182

Monica Mts, California.tt Geol. Soc. A¡ner. Bu11 ., vol. 44, pp. 1041-1133 t?l 40-56, 26 figs 1933 See also a paper to show how many marlne terraces have been formed in Pleistocene time, a paper by I{. P. I^Ioodring entitled "Fossíls from the Marine Pleístocene Terraces of the San Pedro Hills, Californl-a" Amer. Journ. Sc1. 1935 pp. 292-305. See also part.icularly in this connection R. A. Dalyrs book "The Changing tr{orld of the Ice Age New Haven, 1934 (Yale Univer- síty Press 500) Revíewed at some length by R. F. Flint in Amer Journ Science March 1935 pp. 306-309 (JTJ) Appended to l-etter No 27 4l

No. 276 To E. O. Marks, May 18, 1933 Brisbane, Queensland. Dear Dr. Marks, Many thanks for sending me a copy of your paper on the physiography of the Brisbane River and the neighbouring watersheds. I have read it with very much interest but have not fully digested it. There are a few casual remarks that I may make which roay be of interest to you. I may say that I have no personal knowledge of Queensland geography, but for your area you aPPear to me to make out a good case for the fixity of the dívides; but I am not at all sure that your ideas in regard Èo that matter would apply generally. In some cases the divides are so tortuous that I canriot believe but, that there has been a mlgration of the divl-des. This appears to be the case more espeeially where along the general course of a divide there are rocks of differenÈ degrees of resistance to erosion. In that case, lt seems to me that the original divide could be very much altered in its course. Your statement of the case, however, ís very sÈimulating and will be helpful to me in Èhe studÍes which I am renewing in regard to the Yarra Ríver. I quíÈe agree with you that great care must be exercised l-n assuning faults and fault-scarps without substantLal evidence' as hre are coming to realise more fully than ever that differentl-al erosion plays a tremendous part in shaping the actual surface of the ground. Your remarks on page 148 regarding air gaps are very inÈer- esting, and I quíte agree with what you say; there are tr^lo of such gaps in the northern and southern water-sheds respectively of the Yarra ¡+hich require investlgatíon notwíthstandíng that J. I,f. Gregory assumed that they were the sites of former stream courses. You will have recelved from me a copy of rny páper on PorÈ Phlllip Bay, and in that connectlon 1t is lnteresting to note on page 149 of your paper that Èhere is an absence of wave-cut Plat- forms around Moreton Bay. Personally, I thtnk the idea of the comparatively recent elevatíon of a few feet of the Australian coast-line will require radical revision, as from my examlnation of Port Phillip Bay and 183

adJacent portions of the Victorj-an coast, it ís extremely doubt- fu1 r^rhether such elevation has taken place. If you care to ansr^7er this letter I sha1l be pleased to discuss any further matters wíth you in regard to your paper. P.S. In the above letter which I have dictated, I oml-tted to refer to the fact that you appear Èo make out a very good case for Èhe origin of the Brisbane River valley, and from the evidence stated by you, it would appear that the Brl-sbane and its main tributaríes are consequent rivers as a direcÈ result of the tectonic movements r¿hich brought the land to its present condition. That would mean, therefore, that the rivers have no further traceable history prior to those movements. From studles made in tr{estern Australia, I_have been coming to the eonclusion that many of the river systems are consequent and do not show any trace of a pre-existlng system. Otherwise lt would be extremely dffficulÈ to account for the contour of the country and the relation of the present sËreams to that contour.

No. 277 To E. O. Marks. June 8, 1933 Dear Dr. Marks, Many thanks for your letter to me of the 26th u1t., the contents of which I have noÈed wJ-th very much interest. As soon as possíble I shall endeavour to ínvestlgate the question of divides, but when that will be I do not know as I have so many other things to attend to. I an like yourself in that vre have migrated from geology into another profession - you into medícine and I into law. I shall be very glad if you wíll let me have the reference to Sussuilchrs paper, and also a copy of your paper on Non- Migratlon which I have not seen and which you did not send to me. Your work should at leasÈ have the advantage of maklng those who dlsagree with you produce their evidence; sinilarly in my work on coastal elevation, evidence of elevation wíIl have to be produced, but so far as Victoría 1s concerned, it ís at least doubtful whether any valld evidence can be produced.

No. 278 To E. O. Marks Ju1-y 7, 1933 Dear Dr. Marks, Many thanks for your paper on the "Physíographical Sígnificance and Non-Migratlon of Dividesrr which I have read through but which I have not yet digested. I am wrl-tl-ng to Mr. Sussmilch for a copy of hl-s paper on the Moreton Bay dístrict of Queensland, the reference to which you gave lne. On receipÈ of same fron him, I shall carefully consider 184

l-t !üith your tr,¡o papers and Èhen I hope to wrÍte to you more fully on the matter. In the rneantime, I return the plan and elevation which you forwarded to me with your letter of the 26th May last, for whlch many thanks.

No. 279 To H. I'I. Murray, Dec. 2A, 1946 U.S. Coast and Geodetíc Survey, I{ashington, D. C. , U. S.A. Dear Sir, As an Austral-ian GeologJ-st I am much interested in your paper "ProfÍles of the Aleutian Trench" publJ-shed in the July 1945 number of the Bulletin of the Ameriean Geological Society and v¡ould much appreciate a reprint if one be avaílable.

No. 280 To C. Neild, Oct. L2, L939 I^larrandyte, Víctoria. Dear Mr. Neild, Dr. A. B. Edwards of the Geology DepartmenÈ, of the Univer- sity, has wrltten to me to the effect that you would be glad to receive reprints of any of my papers on the geology and physiography of the l{arrandyte districÈ. I regret thaÈ I have only avallable a reprint of my paPer on Èhe geology of the l^larrandyte Goldfield and adjacent country. I have much pleasure in forwarding same to you by separate packeÈ. Perhaps some time, if you so desired, we might arrange to go over portions of the ground together. I might mention that I am the Attorney under Power of and Solicitor for Mr. Jack Simpson, the owner of the motor omnibuses that ply between Melbourne and l{arrandyÈe. I have recently applted to the Transport Board, on behalf of Mr. Sirnpson, for an exÈenslon of the route, so that the buses may run, as from about February nexÈ, to your School. I should be much obllged if you would support the application l-n any way that may be open to you.

No. 28L To C. Neild. Nov. 10, 1939

Dear Mr. Neild, I thank you for your letter of the 30th ult. and am pleased to hear that my hlarrandyte paper has been of some use to you already in teachlng. Thanks for your invitaÈ1on to visit you at some week-end. I hope that I will be able to fit it in so that we can go over r85 portl-on of the ground together. Regarding the appllcation to the Transport Board by Mr. Simpson, as Mr. SÍmpson has returned, he l-s now deallng wlth thls matter himself, as I informed you over Èhe rphone. You have also his address so that you can coÍ[nunl-cate r^Ilth hlm direct lf you so desire.

No. 282 To Professor C. van Riet April 5' 1940 Lowe, University of the l^Iitwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Dear Sir, I am much interested in your lecture on "Early Man and Past Climates in South Afrl-ca" published in the South African Journal of Science for Deceuber 1938 and nrould be much obliged if you could favour me, as an Australian geologlst, with a reprint.

No. 283 To C. van Riet Lowe, Sept. 3' 1940 Bureau of Archaeology' Departuent of the Interior. Dear Sir, I am very nuch obll-ged to you for sending me a coPy of your "Early Man and Past Climates in South Africa." Reprints of any similar publications would be much aPPrec- iated by me.

No. 284 To The Secretary, The June 17' 1937 InstiÈution of Royal Engíneers, Chathamt England. Dear Sir, There 1s an article on foreshore erosion on the North Sea Coasts of Holland by J. H. van der Burgt whl-ch appeared in "De Ingenuírtt a Èranslated copy of whlch has been published ín the "Royal Engineers" Journal for March f937. Copies wlth plates and íllusÈrations, I believe, are available on applicatlon to the Editor of the Journal. I should be gl-ad if you would pass this letter on to the Editor with a request that I be supplied with a coPy, the cost of which I would gladly remit. If the price must be paid beforehand, I shall be pleased if a copy can be retained for me until the Editor receives my rernit- tance which r^rill be sent l¡medi-ately on knowing the amount of same. 186

No. 285 To The Secretary, The Sept. 1, 1937 Institution of Royal Engineers. Dear Sir, I thank you for your letter of the 26th ult. and for the copy Article forwarded Èherewith. I enclose Money Order for 2/6 ín payment for the Article mentioned, and I shall be glad to have your acknowledgment of its receipt. I notl-ce that there is an article in preparation on Coast Protection beÈween Rye and Folkestone. I should be much obliged íf you r¿ould inform me when same is published and the price of same.

[P. or. 2/0 tto. 1206 payable Èo The Instítution of Royal Engin- eers, Chatham, England. Posted with this letter (JTJ)]

No. 286 To Professor H. S. Sharp, August tr8' 1939 Managing Edl-tor, Journal of Geomorphology, Columbla Universl-ty, New York, U. S.A. Dear Professor Sharp, I was pleased to see my paper on the Sydney shore platforms published in the May number of the Journal. l{ould you consider a paper on any one or more of the following subjects? 1. The formatl-on of rock fans by marine erosion. 2. Ramparts on certain maríne platforns on the coast of Victoria, Australía. 3. The Salinas of üIesÈern AusÈralia. (A general descrípt- ion with a statement of Èhe present posítion of the problem of their ortgin).

No. 287 To E. A. Skeats, Professor Nov. 26, 1930 of Geology, The Universlty of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria. Dear Professor Skeats, I an obllged to you for your letter of the 25th ínst. & I shall gladly use the blue pencil to remove any redundant staÈe- ments that I can perceíve as I quite agree that every effort should be made to save the Society unnecessary expense. I shall forward the amended paper to Mr. Singleton as early as possible.

No.2B8 To [4. S. Kenyon], The June 4, 1931 Secretary, State River & I^later Supply Coumisslon, Melbourne, Victorla. r87

Dear Sír, I am forwarding herewith a paper by rnyself published by the Royal Society of Victoria on erosion and sedimentatlon ín Port Phillip Bay. That paper represenÈs a sunnary of the work done by rnyself to the date of publlcation & it, ís sent to you in order that you may understand the reason of the request I am about to make to you. The Commission may retain the paper if so desi-red. It is very JmportanÈ in connectíon with the work that the actual height above sea-level of various localitl-es should be known & it occurred to me that your Cornmisslon, being engaged on dral-nage r¡ork in varíous low-lying parts, uight be able to furnish me with some valuable data in this connection. Two areas where recent drainage schemes have been carried out are Carrum and near the mouth of the Líttle River. If your Co¡nmissl-on has any levels taken in those areas or in any other districts around the bay, such as Elwood, Altona, Dromana, Rosebud, Fishermanfs Bend etc. I should be much obliged if I could obtain partlars of same. I should be prepared to purchase any maps on whích the data rnight be shown.

No. 289 To F. L. Stillwell, May 18' 1933 Departrnent of Geology, Unl-versity of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria. My dear Stf1lwell, I am in receJ-pt of your 1eÈter of the 12th inst. forwarding a translated copy of the letter received by the Royal Society of Víctorl-a in regard to rtPort Phlllip." Before doing anything Ín the matter, I should like to know tf it is the wish of the Council of the Soeiety that I should prepare the required Memorandum and forward it direct to the French Consulate ln Vlctoria under my o!ñt name without furÈher reference to the Society. Should thts not be the case' wíll you please let me know what the Socl-ety deslres me to do?

No. 290 To C. A. Sussmilch, Dec. 16, 1933 Sydney Technlcal School' Sydney, New South I,Iales. Dear Sussmilch, I have recenËly read your PaPer on the physiography of the Bathurst District of New South llales' a copy of which you kíndly sent to me a little time ago. You seem to me to make out a very clear case for the origín of the Bathurst Sunkland. In reading your paPer, it occurred to me that the mode of occurrence of the Basalt on the sunkland and the adjacent horsts 188

íf able to be correlated rnight give very valuable evidence in support of your ideas. This polnt, You have, no doubÈ, fully considered, buË as you do not refer to it in your paper, I merely mentíon it to learn from you whether, if you have given the matter consíderatlon, the resulÈ has been negative so far as Èhe confirrnation of your ideas 1s concerned. I shall be much obtiged if you will forward to me copies of any future physJ-ographic or general geological papers by you, and if I publísh anything further, I shall forward you copies of my publicatÍons.

No. 29L To C. A. Sussmilch. Nov. 23, 1938

Dear Sussmilch, Many Èhanks for sending me a reprint of your paper "The Geomorphology of Eastern Queenslandr" which I have read with much interest. I have no personal knowledge of the area covered by your paper, but the facts adduced seem Èo me to support your argument in favour of differential uplfft as against differential erosion, so far as the main features are concerned. There has been a swing against differential uplift generally, buÈ, as usual, that swing tends Èo go too far. I am especially lnterested ín your ideas regarding the time of the formatlon of the great peneplaJ,n, it.s f irsÈ uplift, followed by dissectl-on into what are now upland mature valleys and then the great uplift followed by dissection, which has resulted in the presenÈ youthful valleys. Your scheme agrees in the main with the one for ltesÈern Australia that I have outlined in my physiography of I^Iestern Australia. Have you a copy of the second edition of that r¿ork? If noÈ, I shall be pleased to send you one, should you desíre to Possess ir. Please remember that I am l-nterested in all your work and shall always appreciate Èhe recelpÈ of reprints.

No. 292 To Sir Edmund Teale, July 8, 1936 Lands and Mines Department, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika Territory, EasÈ Afrlca. My dear Teale, I have been golng to r4rrite to you for some tlme Ln reply to your letter of the 22nd April last written on board the S.S. ttStrathairdrtt but, as usual, have been very busy. I noticed in the "Argus" recenÈly that the honour of knlghthood had been conferred upon you, and so I now take the opporEunity of wrlting to you to congratulate you very heartily 189

on the honour that you have recelved. I know well what good work you have done ín Africa, both on the eastern and western sides, and that hThaÈ you have receíved is no more than you deserve. I trust that you will conËinue to be in good health and be able Èo go on wiÈh your work in AfrÍca. I regret that we did not see more of each other on your last víslt to Melbourne, but, perhaps, next time, we shall be able to have more time together.

No. 293 To S. Ting, Department AugusÈ 1, 1936 of Geography, Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland. Dear Sír, I was much interested in your paper "Beach Ridges and other Shore Deposl-ts in South-wesÈ Jura" publlshed in the "Scottísh Geographical- l{agazinet' for May 1936, and should like to possess a copy if you have one available and would kindly forward iÈ to me. I am sending herewiÈh a reprint of my paPer on erosion &c. in Port Philltp Bay, Víctoria, ín whlch you may find something of interest.

No. 294 To S. Tlng. Oct. L6, f936 Dear Mr. Ting, Many thanks for your letter of the 6th ult. and also for the copy of your paper, which I had already read, and which I f ound very ínteresting. Should I publtsh any further articles on shore-llne matters' I shall be pleased to forward copies of sarne to you, and I should also be glad to receive copies of any future articles by yourself.

No. 295 To S. Ting. July 6, r.937 Dear Mr. Tíng, Many thanks for sending me a copy of your paPer "Storm !'Iaves and Shore-forms of South-!üestern Scotlandr" whfch I have read r¿ith much l-nterest. You bring forward some remarkable evldence of the heights to which storm \^taves may throw shlngle, and alËogether your paper is a valuable conÈrlbuËlon to shore-line physiography. There 1s only one point on vrhich I desire to coûment and that is your statement in your "Conclusions" that it l-s difficult to draw a lLne between storIu ltaves and normal waves. I quite 190

agree l,rlth Èhat statement. ltrhat is a storm r¡ave and what is a normal wave? Probably every one would agree that at a very high spring tide when a great onshore wind is blowing we have the typical "sÈorm vraver" and that at ordinary high tide when Èhe air is calm or disÈurbed only by a moderate breeze, ve have the typical "normal wave. " But where is the line between the trnto to be drawn. I{ould it not be beËÈer to discard the terms "storm r¡avestt and "normal wavestt altogether and say instead ttgreat vravesrtt ttmoderate rnravestt and ttsmall waves.tt These terns are certainly not free fron objection, but they v¡ould have the meriÈ of a rough classification of waves as regards strength, without indicating the predomínant factor in Èheir production. I thror.r out thÍs suggestíon for your consideraÈion. I shall be pleased to receive copies of any further paPers by you.

No. 296 To S. TÍng, Department Feb. 16, 1938 of Geography, Central University, Chungking, Szechuan, China. Dear Mr. Ting, I vras pleased to receive your letter of the 17th November last, together wíth a copy of your paper entitled "Coastal Con- figuration of l^Iestern Scotland r" which I have read with much interest. I an glad Èo hear thaÈ you have found some value Ln my suggestion regarding the terms to be used in connectl-on with the various sizes of waves and I shall be pleased to see the article that you refer to in your letter. I am sending thls letter in accordance v¡íth your address, but I do not know whether, in view of the disturbed staÈe of the country, it w111 reach you. Presumably, however' you are able to carry on at Chungklng.

No. 297 To The Regístrar, Feb. L7, 1936 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria. Dear Sir, On the 29th Novenber l-ast, the local Secret,ary, ìfiss .Edwards, of the Australlan and New Zealand Assoclation for the Advanceroent of Science, Auckland meeting, \^rrote to me in con- necÈion with the meeting, and her letter rnTas addressed to me care of the Universlty of Melbourne. I now learn from her that this letter hTas returned Èo New Zealand through the Dead Letter Offlce' thus l-nvolving a delay in the cormunfcatlon of the contents of same to me of over two months. It seems to me peculiar that no attemPÈ was made to re-address this letter to me. 191

I am a graduaÈe of the University and receive from the University periodically voting papers ín connecÈion r¿1th the election of me¡obers of Convocation. In addition, I am, of course, well known in the Geology DepartmenË, and my name, which is an unusual one, appears twice in the Èelephone directory and' of course, in the ordinary directory. It l-s somewhat annoying, therefore, that the corununica- tion should have been treated in the way ít was.

No. 298 To The Registrar, The Feb. 28, 1936 University of Melbourne. Dear Sir, I thank you for your letter of the 21st inst., but I regret to say that the origlnal envelope rùas not received by me.

No. 299 To A. H. Voisey, March 18' 1936 Sydney, New South I,Iales. Dear Slr, I am very interested in your paper entitled "The Physl- ography of the Middle North Coast District of New South I^Iales" published by the Royal Society of N.S.ltr. Vol. LXVIII Part II, and should rnuch like to have a copy of same if one be available. I am forwarding by separate packet a reprint of ny Paper on Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, which may have some interest to you. Reprints of any other papers of yours would be welcomed by me.

No. 300 To A. H. Voisey, Aerial April 21, 1936 Geological Survey, Alice Springs, Central Australfa. Dear Mr. Volsey, I received your letter of the 29th ult. just before leaving Melbourne for a holiday so that my reply has been somewhat delayed. I also received reprínts of the tsro papers which you forwarded, and for which I am much obllged. I am glad to hear that you were able to vlsiÈ various localities around Port Phillip Bay and so see the platforms and other marine features of that distrlct. The posítion regardlng uplift is a very difftcult one, and 1t is hard to come to definite conclusions in regard to certal-n features, but I em s¿¡1sfíed that much of the evidence' or supposed evldence, in earlier wrítings regardtng uplift cannot be sustaíned. DeÈailed investigatl-ons are required in every district where possible. L92

I have, for some years past, accumulated a considerable quantity of data, and I hope shortly to be able to make some sub- stantial contributions to the question. You mentioned in your letter thaÈ you had perused practically every paper bearing on Australian coastal physiography, and, if by any chance you have available that list, I should be very glad to have a copy as I have not made an exhaustive search yeË of the literature. Your work in the Pine Creek dístrict should be ínteresÈing boÈh from a geological and a physiographical point of vlew, and I should líke to hear from you regardíng especlally the physiography since I am interested particularly in the physiography of the arid areas of Australia. You will see that I have discussed the position fairly fully in the second ediÈion of my llestern Australian Physiography (Bulleton 95 of the Geological Survey of l^Iestern Australia). If you have not a copy of thís publication and would like same' I should be pleased to forward one to you on hearing from you. I am interested 1n other aspects of geology' but my time is llmited for research, so that I have to keep perforce to physiography, but any papers bearing on Australian geology will always be welcomed by me. In conclusion, let me thank you for your good wishes regardj-ng my work, and, in return, I wf-sh you a very successful field season in the North.

No. 301 To A. H. Voisey, Northern Oct. 16, 1936 Territory Survey, Pine Creek, NorËhern Territory. Dear Mr. Voisey, I have received your letter forwarding a list of Papers bearing on Australl-an Coastal Physiography, and I am much obliged to you for t.he trouble you have taken in preparÍng that list' especlally under the conditions under whích you are at present living. The ínfornation will be very valuable Èo me. I hope that you are having a successful tirne with your \"/ork' and that you will not be kept up there too long during the Surmer months in vler¡ of the high temperatures that prevail there. I can well understand that, at the time of vrritlng, You could enjoy an ice cream. You need not \^rorry about not addíng ny degrees to any letter you write - whether they are added or not does not trouble me. Dr. Marks of Brisbane, who is now an Eye Specíalist' r,las fornerly on the Geological Survey of Queensland, and I was formerly on the Geologlcal Survey of Western AusÈralía. I am now a lawyer practising tn Melbourne, and, unfortunately, I do not have too much tlme Èo devote to physiography. If ever you are ín Melbourne' I shall be glad to see you, and my address in the City is Yorkshire House, 20 Queen Street. 193

No. 302 To A. H. Voísey. Oct. 26, 1936

Dear Mr. Vol-sey, Since writing to you on the 16th l-nst. I have received your earlier letter of Èhe 30th ult. ' I have pleasure in forwarding with Èhis letter a coPy of my Physl-ography of l{estern Australia, 2nd Editl-on, which I hope you wlIl receíve safely. I do noÈ know whether I shall be able to go to New Zealand in January, although I should very much like to do so.

No. 303 To A. H. Voisey, March 13' 1937 Linnean Soeiety of New South l^Iales, Sydney, New South l{ales. Dear Mr. Voisey, I thought that I rnight have been able to see you when you were ln Melbourne abouÈ Christmas time, and I ¿uû sorry thaÈ you vrere not able to comnunicate with me again with a vievl to a short meeting. hlhenever you are in Melbourne, I shall be glad J-f you will call aÈ the Offtce, No. 20 Queen Street, Melbourne. Thanks for the two reprinËs of your recent publications which you sent me aÈ Christmas time, and I shall be glad to know if you ever received the copy of my l{estern Australían PhysÍo- graphy, 2nd Edition, which I sent to you when you r¿ere ln the Northern Territory. I congratulate you on your aPPointment as Linnean Soclety Research Scholar, and I have no doubt that you r¡ill- be able to get in some good work.

No. 304 To A. H. Voisey. May 1, 1939 Dear Volsey, I must sincerely apologize for not earlier answering your cordíal letter of the 13th April. I can only plead a rush of matters, offlce [. otherwise' to attend to. I am pleased to hear that you are so comfortably placed at PresenÈ & trust that tt will be beneficial in every hray Èo you & your wife. It is extremely kind of you to offer to show me round should I be able to visit your dlstrict & Èo Put me uP at your house. I shoul-d much like to see the geology buË I do noÈ see any í¡¡ned- iate prospect of a vislt. Please give to your wife & accept yourself my thanks for your hospitallty. I aro trying to wrlte some physl-ographlc Papers but progress is very slow. I'Iíth best wishes to you & your wife for your future happiness & with very kínd regards, L94

No. 305 To Professor J. Walther. Sept. 13, :-.929 Dear Professor I{alther, It was wiÈh very great pleasure that I receÍved your letter of the 5th July last, together with your book and the reprÍnts of two papers of yours. lfany thanks for your kindness in sending them to me. T am sending by a separate parcel reprints of my varlous papers. I hope that they reach you safely. I am pleased to know that you sometimes think of the haPpy days that r.re spent together aÈ Kookynie and Niagara. As you say it is nornr a long while ago. I{oolnough told me that you had been visíËíng professor at the John Hopkins University. I have not seen him for some time' but I shall give him your greetings when I do. I trust that you wtll be spared for many years to enjoy your retirement and complete your work. My wife Joins r,{1th me ín sending you our very kind regards.

No 306 To J. Itlalther. Sept. L4, 1930 Dear Professor I{alther, I was very pleased to receive your ínteresting letter of the 9th May last. I wish that you would write to Ee ln German, as I can understand what you say ín that language and it would probably be easier for you. I regret that one of your earlier letters $/as returned on account of an insufficient address. Some tíme ago I received the two colored sketches that are betng published wÍth Geísslerrs book, for whích many thanks. Can you tel1 me the name and address of the publísher of that book? Regarding the photo that you mentl-on I have made every efforÈ to obtaln a copy but have been unsuccessful. The Univer- sity referred me Èo Ëhe photographers who probably took the photograph, buÈ unfortunaÈely all their negatives of some years ago r¡rere destroyed by then when they removed to new buslness premises. I am sorry that I have not been able to obtain a coPy as T would have been glad to have had an extra copy struck off for nyself. If you have had your photograph taken recently, I should much like to have a copy. It would serve to remind me of Èhe happy days we spenË together in ldestern Australia Just before the war. I an glad that you have found my papers interestíng. I am forr¿ardlng with thís letter a copy of my report to the Perth Meetlng of the Australaslan AssocíaÈ1on for the Advancpment of Scíence, ln whl-ch you wll1 flnd your laterite paPer sunrnarized. I hope that you attain your 70th birthday and many more, and that you wl11 be able to contlnue at your geological work for many years to come. Mrs. Jutson joíns me in best wishes, 195

No. 307 To J. Walther, April 1, 1936 Ha1le-Saale, Germany. Dear Professor l,Ialther, On looking at the last letter I receíved from you, I ftnd that it 1s dated August 1ast. I am surprised that such a long period has elapsed, and I must apologíse sincerely for so long delaying in acknowledgtng the receipt of your leËter. I was very pleased to receive your 1eÈter and to have your congraËulations on the publication of the second edítion of the I^Iestern Australian Physiography. I also wish to thank you for your references to Mrs. Jutson and myself . I^Ie always look back with great pleasure to the visit that you paid to us some years ago l-n trIestern Australia, and ít ís a source of satisfaction to me to find that you have been able to use your ltrestern Australian experience ln your recent work on the MediÈerranean. IÈ 1s a plty that the European sítuation is so much dis- Èurbed at the present time, as this must mllitaÈe against the productlon of international scientifíc work to some exÈent. Trusting that you are keeping we1l, I,Iith very kind regards from Mrs. Jutson and myself ,

P.S. You say you would be pleased to hear what I am nolr engaged ín. For some years past I have been following my oríginal occu- pation that of law. Thls does not leave rne uuch ti¡re for geol- ogícal work, but I an still doing a certain amount.

No. 308 To C. K. trrlentworth, August 18, 1939 Board of !ùater Supply, Honolulu, Hawali. Dear Dr. I,rlentworÈh, I have pleasu¡e in forwarding by a separate packet a coPy of my paper on the Shore Platforms near Sydney, New South l,Iales, in whlch I hope that you wtll find something of interest. I should much like to have copies of your papers on Marl-ne Bench-Forming Proeesses l-n the February 1938 and January 1939 numbers of the Journal of Geomorphology and also of any other papers of yours el-ther already published or that may be published ín the future.

No. 309 To C. K. I{entworth. Dec. 20, 1939 Dear Dr. llentworth, Many Èhanks for your letter of the 9th October last and for the coples of your several papers whl-ch accompanled your letter. I shall apprecíate reprinÈs of any further publications by you. I am lookíng forward to reading your corttents on my Sydney 196

platforms paper.

No. 310 To C. K. I,Ientworth. August 1-4, 1940 Dear Dr. llentworth, I have just read your discussion of my Sydney Platforms paper with considerable ínterest. I agree with you Èhat !ûe must now give more attention to Ëhe exact processes forming the benches, but I was primarl-ly concerned in showl-ng that tlvo or more benches at different levels are now being formed. The old text-book idea of the one sloping bench díes hard. I au sendl-ng under a separate cover a reprint of my recent paper on the shore platforus of Mt. Martha, Port Phlllip Bay. I think this paper throws a good deal of light on our mutual problems. The disposiÈion of the rocks there ís very fortunate. Please do not forget Èhat I shall apprecl-ate reprinLs of any of your oÌ^rrr future papers.

No. 311 To Iù. E. lüood, April 8, 1935 District Engineer, W.A. Government Railways, Bunbury, Iùestern Australia. Dear Mr. I^Iood, Your long and l-nterestlng letter of the 26th December last came safel-y to hand and I put it aside owlng to the holidays wíth the ínÈention of answering it. shortly after. It, however, became crowded out and I have since been very busy. I must, therefore, tender to you my síncere apology for not hitherto acknowledging recelpt of your letter. I trusÈ, however, that ury delay in conrnunícating with you wíll not prevent you from contínuing to correspond wiÈh me in regard to the subjects ín which r^re are mutually interested. Should you retlre as proposed, I hope that you w111 have a very pleasant and profitable tíme, and will remaln sufficJ-ently active to pursue your geologícal investigaÈions. I shall always be interested to hear from you regardíng any geologlcal work that you may undertake and to díscuss so far as I can do any problems thaË arise. I was glad to hear that you had received a copy of the new edition of ny !,lestern Australian Physiography and I hope that you will favour me with some crltlcisms of the book. Professor Clarke lras over here for the Scíence Association Meetl-ng, and I had some df-scussion wlth him, but unfortunately, we could not meet very much. L97

No. 312 From R. G. Kappler, The Canberra, A.C.T. Secretary, Conunonwealth July 16, 1935 Forestry Bureau. Dear SÍr, In response to your request, the Inspector General of Forests desires me to say that he has pleasure ín forwarding you a copy of Sureau bulletin prepared by î4r. B. U. Byles dealing wfth erosion of the mountainous country above the lfume Dam and will be pleased to recel-ve a copy of the new edltion of your Physiography of lrlestern Australia published as Bullettn 95 of the Geological Survey of that State. An addítional copy of the BulleËín is desired, and if you will kindly forward one the cost will be met by this Bureau on receipÈ of information as to the amount of aharge. lAsk for list of Bulletins publíshed by the Departnent (JTJ)J

No. 313 Trom A. Keith, Chaírman, I,{ashíngton, D.C., U.S.A. Dívision of Geology and June 10, L929 Geography, National Research r Council. My dear Mr. Jutson, Receípt is acknowledged of your letter of April 22, 1929, addressed to the Secretary of the Natíonal Research Couneil, with enclosed money order for four shillings, two pence, which you sent 1n payment of the report of the Committee on Sedimenta- tion for L927-28 sent you from this office. Professor I^I. H. Twenhofel , of the Universíty of trll-sconsín, Madison, l.Iisconsin, who is chairman of the Cornnittee on Sedi- mentation, recortrnended that a copy of the report be sent you as one who níght be interested 1n the work of the Couunittee. It was lntended that Èhe copy be cornplimenÈary. However, Èhinking that you may wish to order some of the publlcatíons of the Council, as given on the enclosed printed list of publications, I am not returnlng your money order, but sending it to Ëhe Publícatl-ons Office, Èo be cashed and held to your credlt, awaít- ing further word from you. If you wish the sum ($f.OO) returned to you rather than applied toward any publícations which you may wish to order, we w111 be glad to do thís. Since you are ínterested in the SedlmenÈaÈion reports, I am askíng that complimentary copies of several reports for back years be sent you. The reports for two or three years are out of prinË. I am also sendlng under separate cover complimentary copies of some of the reports l-ssued under auspices of the Dívision which may be of lnterest to you. In connection r¡ith the SedimentaÈion report for L928-29, which will probably be ready for lssuance sometíroe thls comlng fall or wlnter, your name has been placed on the list to receive a copy of the report when ready for distrlbutíon. 198

Enclosures List of publications Circular re Treatise on Sedimentation Separate cover - Miscellaneous reports ll-5/8/29 Ordered Rept. & Circular Series Nos. L4, 21,37 (JTJ)I

No. 3I4 From A. Keith. Sept. 23, L929

Dear Mr. Jutson, Receipt ís acknowledged of your letter of August 15. I au asking the Publications Office to send you Nos. 14, 21 and 37 of the ReprJ.nt and Circular Series of the Councll, as you requested. It roay be that No. 37 is out of print, in which case I have asked Èhat Bulletl-n No. 70, "Studles of Mean Sea-Leveltt by Prof essor Douglas Johnson of Coh¡mbia University, New York, be substituted. The report of the CoumitÈee on Sedlmentatlon for the year 1928-29 has been recefved from Professor Twenhofel and contains many papers of value and interest. I hope that ít may be printed wlthin the nexÈ month or t\^ro. Your nane has been added to the nailing list for the reports of thl-s Conmlttee. L99

No. 317 Fron A. E. Kitson. London, England. Jan. 30, 1930 My dear Jutson, I have meant for a long tlme to write Èo you 1n reply to yours of August, 1927. Your letter has been carrled to I{est Afrl-ca twice I think, in the hope that I could give you more than a merê few lines 1n teply, but from one cause and another that opportunlty never came, when I had your address avaLlable. How- ever, I dug 1t out of corr. needlng replies the other day and 200

though even noI¡I I cannot give you a long letter something ís being senÈ. To cournence \,üith many apologies for Èhe de1-ay and thanks for your congratulatíons on the Lyell Medal Award. It l¡as very pleasing to get that recognition. In connection with the Geol. Soc. I may mention that I have jusÈ received an inËimatlon that the Councíl had sent my name forward in the líst they recomnend for the new CouncíI for 1930. Whether that means election to l-È depends on the fellows voting. I am sending - by this mail íf the packet is not delayed - a copy of each of Bulletlns 1, 2 (geo1. map) and 4 of our Survey, with ny compliments, also copy of my Pres. Address Sec C (biotogy) Brit. Ass. S. Africa. The paPer on the coastal phystog. of Port Carnpbell that you ktndly spoke of sending has not reached me, so if you have a spare copy I should be glad Èo get it. I am very glad to hear you have got the LLB & congratulate you heartily on it. An also glad to hear that you have got over your oPeratíon. I also had one in 1926, not a serÍous one, and was over it in about 5 weeks. An now heavier than I have ever been - vras weighted on tr^ro auÈomatics - one gave me the news that I rvas 8 sÈ. 1lb. the other 12 st. 2 Ib. My right weight is probably about 11 st. You wlll have seen Teale - or heard of hfrn in any case - as he was in Víctoria recently & should now be on the voyage back to Tanganyika, where he is Director of the Geol. Survey. He is doing well, & has a staff.of some 5 geologists & chemlst & peÈro- logist. I saw hirn in S. Africa recently (Aug.) & ¡¡e were on the Bushveld trip together also Devils Kantoor & smaller ones. He was lookíng very fit. Mrs. Teale was with him part of the tíme in S.A. & they left for Australia after the Bushveld trip. I had a letter from hjm since he arrived l-n Aus. My wife & I had a most ínterestlng triP ín S.A. and returned by the East Coast - seeing Beíra, Dar Es Salaam, ZanzLbar, Mombasa, Aden' Pt. Sudan, Suez - from r,rhich place lse ran to Cairo. Saw the Pyramids & Sphinx and caught the steamer again at Pt. Sald. Then landing aÈ Marseilles we came home via Paris - one night ín Paris. I+rhen passing Stromboll by night lre salv that energetic beggar sending lncandescent lava down his slopes. Etna could not be seen' owing to mist etc. on top. l{hitelaw is doing well on the Survey. He & Jenner did a survey of the Terkama-Abosso field (Me¡noir 1 gov. survey) a big thing which you wontt care to be bothered wlÈh to keep, but can see at the Roy. Soc. or Field Natrs Club. By the way you ask about my ProPer address: it ís - Sir Albert E. Kítson, Kt. C.M.G., C.B.E. Usually the KÈ. l-s not given. I am retirfng at end of March thís year and am now trying to get some more wórk publlshed before I do so. The Volcanic Specimens from Andersonr s Inlet please keep for the time being. I shall probably ask for several of the well pollshed ones later for show purPoses. By the way I am in the Councfl of the I.M. Met. & G. as Delegate to the Congress of Miníng Metallurgical Geology Líege this year. Am very g1-ad to hear that your wife and you were well & hope you both are still qulte so. I^Iith kind regards to you both. 20L

No. 318 tr'rom A. N. Lewis. Hobart, Tasmanía. August 7, I19341 My dear Mr. Jutson, Some years ago you r¡/ere kínd enough to send me copÍes of thro papers of yours on eroslon fn Port Ph11l1p Bay and coastal features at Port Canpbell. I was very interested in these and at the ti¡ne I started to write you some conments based on ob- servaÈions of Tasmanian features. I am afraid Èhat I got slde tracked at the time and never acknowledged your paPers. I have now worked out, more or less the sequence of events Ín Tasmania, with results which are remarkably interesting and am pleased forward you a copy of a recent paper. .If the nomenclaÈure is puzzLlng you can find explanaËion of my terms adopted for the Pleistocene in a paper ín the P. & P. Royal Socíety of Tasmania 1933. I thought that you roighÈ be lnterested l-n my results as similar features must be reflected on the Vl-ctorían coasts' e.g. Can courses of rivers duríng a glacial phase of low water be traced through Port Phillip. The whole subject is only hinÈed at in my paper buË opens up a very interesting fíeld. I'Ie cannot treat one side of Bass Stral-ght physlographically wíthout studying the other. I hope you wíll be l-nterested in my results.

No. 319 From G. Lightfoot, The Melbourne, Victoria. Secretary, C.S.I.R. July 15' 1936 Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of the 9th July, \Â¡e are forwardlng to you, under separaÈe cover, Pamphlet No. 64 "Soil DrifÈ ln the Aríd Pastoral Areas of South AusËraIía," the supplement to Journal Vol. 9, No. 1, and Journal Vol. 8, No. 4, which contains an article entitled "Our Mineral Problems and the need for a Natíonal Geological Survey" by Sír David RiveÈt. In the supplement you will see a list of previous issues of the Pamphlet and Bulletin seríes, and we wlll be glad to forward at your request, any available numbers which may be of particular interesË t.o you. However, as yet we have published llttle bearing on mínlng or geology. Although ore dressing research is beíng carried out by the Council, no reports have been published or are likely to be published, except in P. G. Taitf s Chemical Engl-neerl-ng and Miníng Review. I^le thank you for your offer to send us a copy of your Physlography of tr'Iestern Australia (second edítion Bulletin 95 of the Geological Survey of lJestern Australla), but we already have thís flled l-n the líbrary, and one copy is sufficient for our use. There is no charge for the publicatlons issued by the CouncLl. 202

No. 320 From G. Lightfoot. August 4, 1936 Dear Slr, In reply to your letter of the lst August, we are forward- íng, under separate cover, all the publícations for whích you ask.

lAckd L]-/8/36 (JrJ)l

No. 321- From D. Mahony, Geological Melbourne, Victoría. Survey Office. June 26, L928 Dear Jutson, Enclosed ís a list of papers on Víctorian EÈhnology published during the last t\^ro years. There is a paper in the Vict. Nat. of May , L92B on Rock Carvíngs at Mootwingee which is soue- where near Broken Hill: this night be overlooked by the NSIJ or SA people (I forget ln which State the place ís) as it is publtshed in a small Vlct. journal. Very many thanks for your Port Campbell - In revenge I am enclosing Èwo of ml-ne.

No. 322 From D. Mahony. l"ray 7, 1930 Dear Sir, In reply to yours of the 12th March, I beg Èo advise that the only publications issued by the Geological Survey whlch bear on structural feaÈures and land forms are Records of Boring Operations for the years l9L9-L922, published in L929, Bulletin 52 (Metamorphic Rocks of N.E. Victoria) and the following geologÍcal maps: Rosedale (contoured), County of Buln Buln Loy Yang rr tr rr rr rr ltraratah (contoured & hachured), County of B ln Buln Alberton l.lest (contoured) rr rr rr rr rr rr I^longa I^longa (hachured) tr rr Tong Bong (Part contoured & part hachured) It rr rr rr Traralgon (parÈ contoured & part hachured) tr rr rr rr Snake and Sunday Island, tr rt rt rt Toora (hachured) tr rr rr rr Landsborough (contoured, County of Kara Kara Colquhoun " Counties of TanJil & Tarnbo Balrook tt County of Normanby Drtk Drik rr rr tr rr ' Mumbannar rr rr It Follett Glenelg " Co nties of Follett & Normanby [Ackd abt 14/5/30 (JrJ)] 203

No. 323 From E. O. Marks. Brisbaner Queensland. l(ay 26, 1933 Dear Mr. Jutson, I was very pleased to get your letter, having read wlth much l-nterest your paper on elevation, or its absence at Port Phillíp Bay, not merely interest but pleasure at the critical cautíon with r{hich you attacked the l_nvestigatíon. I have long felt that Èhis critícal judgment and care l-s the one essentl-al feature which modern physlographers seãn to avoid, 1et alone regard as of any importance. A picturesque interpretation with a descriptíon to suit the interpretation, something that appeals to the lnagination, is r,¡hat counts. A plain impartial looking for facts, unfavourable as well as favourable Èo an lnterpretation seems to be distasteful even unacceptable. I ¡¿as glad to hear that you are interestetl ín divides, and síncerely hope Èhat you wíll test ímpartially the question of migration. r have had quite an interestíng and pleasant correspondence on the subject, and have received rnany expressíons of profound belief - some could not even grasp that I was quesÈl-on- ing it, it being so obvious. Many gave me Èhe curiously illogical begging of the question contained ín referrl-ng me to varíous in- terpreÈaÈions of river capture! Not one gave me what I asked and not one ¡¿ould agree to investigate the very simple though essential test. I do hope that you may be persuaded to. On the supposítion that migration is an active factor, it necessaríly follows that ít will happen most where denudatíon is greatest - in other words there uust be a differential mígra- tion, or mígration-with-lowering. Authoritíes say thls ls so marked thaË ít gives rise to a rearrangement of draínage in accordance with geologf-cal structure. rt musÈ be a marked feature of every migrating dívíde, as plain almost as ís dlfferential weaËhering. As a trusting belíever in what was told me by people who ought to know better than r, r was tryíng to thínk out some r^ray of detenninlng how far our eastern rívers had encroached on the rrrestern. The result is that r now realise that Èhe alleged process ís practically non existent - it is noÈ true, and am confirmed ín that belief or rarher knowledge by the fact that no Èext book, and no authority could give me any logícal evidence that it takes place except ín very unusual conditions and then to a small extent. I,{. M. Davfs said eventually that we could noÈ expect to get the same results as rüe enployed different methods! and D. VJ. Johnson that he believed ín ft because ít er

Do investtgate, and let me know your findings. My díff1- culty ls to shake a profound religious belíef, so profound that no one r¡i]l test it on the natural experiments, let alone listen to a heretic. It makes an enormous dlfference to physiographlcal inÈer- pretation. All streams of any size are ttconsequenttt and also the divldes. Relief alone is "subsequenÈr" ot may be. If you should read rny paper preferably read it wíËh Suss- rnilchts as an lnteresting contrast in methods. Dld I send you my paper on non-mlgration. If not would you care for it? Gregory told me that mlgratÍon had cerÈainly taken place in Vlctoria. hlhen I asked for Èhe proofs there r^ras no ansrl7er. He also sald I r,¡ould need to disprove cerÈain accepted capËures fn Europel buÈ did not give me any evidence of differential migration.

[Copy of that sent by Dr. I{arks Èo me with hts letter of.26/5/33 (JrJ) l

PLAN

Ft 2000 _ 1500__- 1000 500 - - 0

0 10 20 30 40 Mlles

ELEVATION

Natural Experiment ln Mígration Plan & Elevation of a very unsynmetrlcal dlvlde. Shorter side 15 mfles & longer stde 150 miles to the sea. !'Iould any one belíeving 1n mlgration say how far Èhe dlvide has rnlgrated wlth 1000 ft. of dtfferenÈlal weatherlng. In case there should be any ml-st,ake, the upPer slde ls Èhe sho/t one. 205

No. 324 From E. O. lfarks Dec. 1-6, L934 Dear Mr. Jutson, I have receíved your Physiography of hlestern Australia in the last few days. f æ looking forward to the readíng of it. In the meantirne many Èhanks indeed llope to see you in Îlelbourne at the A.N.Z.A.A.S. and to hear you too.

No. 325 Trom D. Mawson, Adelaide, South Australia. The University of Adelal-de. Dec. 8, 1920 Dear Jutson, I am sorry to have míssed seeing you as you went through. I was engaged on some work north of Adelaide and out of town a great deal laÈely. Am-most delighted to geÈ your reprints - you have produced some excellent work and I take thls opportunity to complJ-ment you upon it. I wtl1 send you several reprints - the onl-y ones I have copíes of at hand. I have been too busy thls year to do much work outslde regular dutles in connectíon wj-th the universíty - for we have gore through a volcanJ-c upheaval thís year at Adelaide University. The Govt. grant has been lncreased improving matters somewhat. Howchin has retired and the Universfty has now created a professorshlp in Geology & Mineralogy to corrrrence from Jan. lst - to whl-ch chair I have been appoínÈed. The work of organising matters for the ne\^r year has taken all my Èime but I look forward to clearlng off my antarctic results qulckly no\¡r. I wish you every success and good fortune ln your work ln connectíon with the Gold Coast. Remember me kindly to Teal- and Kitson when you see them. Kíng regards,

No. 326 From D. Mawson AugusÈ 22, 1922 Dear Jutson, I was very glad to geÈ the pamphlets sent by you recently. In return I an posting coples of such as I have undístributed of my Ohtn. You have done some very good work fndeed in Geology and Geography. I found you were well known amongst Engllsh Geolog- ists. Very kind regards, 206

No. 327 From !ü. H. l{aze, Hon. sydney, New south tr{ales. Secretary, The Geographíeal July 20, 1936 SocletY of New South l^Iales. Dear Sír, I,Ie wlsh to remind you that your last Subscription to "The Australian Geographer" covered Vol. II , so r¡¡e invite you to support us again by subscribing for another four consecutive numbers of the new Volurue. Vo1. III, No. 1, of the "Aust.ralían Geographer" has been forwarded to you and we hope you wtll find iÈ of ínÈerest. trùe invite your co-operation in re-organislng our sub- scriptton líst, and ask you to complete the form below and return lt to the Hon. SecreÈarY. [Postal nore for 4/- No. A25I794 payable aÈ Sydney to The Geog- raphícal Society of New South l{ales posted 3l/7/36 (JTJ)l

No. 328 From G. J. OrMalley, Melbourne, Victoria' Secretary, The State June 26, 1931 Rivers and \,{ater SuPPl Commlssion. Sir, I^Iith reference to your letter enquirl-ng, ln connection wíÈh your lnvestlgations inÈo the erosion and sedimentation ín PorÈ PhíIlip Bay, whether this Commission could furnlsh you wiËh some levels of varlous localities around the Bay, I have to inform you Èhat the Commlssion could supply particulars of levels available in respect of the Carrum Dl-strlcÈ. You are advlsed Èo telephone F2131, Extension 560, when Mr. Engineer Conradi could make arrangements for you to call at this office for Èhe purpose of obtaining sueh partÍcu1ars.

No. 32g From M. Ongley, Geological !trellington, New ZeaLand. Survey. Dec. 24, 1934 Dear Mr. Jutson, Thanks for arranging for me to get your Physiography of I{estern Australia. It Puts to shame anyÈhing ln thaÈ líne so far done ín N.Z. As yet Irve only dipped into lt but when Irve read it Ir11 write again about it. P.S. I enclose a water divining test. Could be adapted for gold - theyt:.e a great pest 1n N. Z. 207

No. 330 From N. J. Parr, Hon. Melbourne, VÍctoria. Secretary, Royal Society May 27, 1946 of VictorÍa. Dear Dr. Jutson, Thank you for your letter of 23rd May wlth enclosed cheque, for which I now forr¿ard the Societyts receipt. There is no need to apologize for the delay in sending your subscriptlon. I wish all members rùere as prompt as you are, for most walt until they receive an account from the Hon. Treasurer in July. It all means more work whích shsuld be unnecessary. I am sorry to learn thaÈ you have been ill for so long' but am glad Èo hear that you are gettlng better now. I sincerely trust that this improvenent will be maintained and that the SocieÈy wíll soon have something from you. Dr. Stillwell has been in hospital for the last seven weeks with an operaÈl-on but is now getÈing better although it will be sometime before he is fit for work again. In the meantime, I am also acting as Hon. Secretary. lL0/6/46 - Lr to Mr. Parr ackg this lre and hís sympathy re my illness & also re papers for the Royal SocJ-eÈy stating that "I have heard a rumour however, that owing to shortage of funds, papers have to be very short. Of course some papers cannot be boiled down to a limited number of pages. Nevertheless, I shall take my chance when I have anything to contrlbute to the Society." (JrJ) l

No. 331 From The SecreÈary, Perth, llestern Àustralía. Premierts Department. Oct. 9, 1920 Dear Sír, 0n the 27th September the following cable s/as received from the Right Hon. the Secretary of State for the Colonies:- . "Offer appointment Assistant Geologíst Gold Coast to John Thomas Jutson, Geological Department, Unlversity, Perth, Lf medl-call-y f tt for service in trIest Afrlca. Salary L72O per annrun rising by annual increments of L40 to L920 with L72 duty allowance. Appolntment penûanent penslonable subject to 3 years perlod probation. Free passage provided from AustraLía. !Íou1d be required to contrlbute to West Afrfca l^Ildows & Orphans Pension Fund at rate of Ë50 per annum. Arrange for medical examlnation by Government Medícal Department with regard to fitness. If he aecepËs and is uedically flt telegraph date of departure and expected arríval in England, advancíng cosÈ of passage lf necessary. Leave rules under revislon, revised rules will be notLfled hín r¿hen íntroduced. tt You were duly advlsed of the contents of this cable, and the med- 208 ical inspection mentioned was duly arranged. As the report received was entirely satisfactory g.xcept insofar as your Par- tial deafness r.las concerned, Èhe following cable was despatched:- t'Medical ïeport satisfactory ec

No. 332 From H. Raggatt' Sydney, New South Llales. Geological Survey, New JulY 5, 1939 South l,Iales Department of Mines. Dear l"Ir . Jutson, I have senË you a coPy of the paPer you asked for, under separate cover. You will fínd it very brief, but Èhere are certain facËs mentíoned which cannot be explalned away by the orthodox Sussmilchian vie¡¡. There was violent argument about the paper at our Royal Society meeting, but unfortunately we do not publish dlscussion, so that any objectors will be forced to publish their vlews separately. lAckd 16/7/39 & asked for coples of other papers. Also offered mine (JTJ)l

No. 333 From H. Raggatt. Sept. 3, 1939 Dear Mr. Jutson, Thanks for your letter of. L4/8 and the copies of your papers, whích I shall read wiÈh lnterest. The above is onl-y a tem- porary address. I am making a survey of the bauxlte-lateriËe deposits 1n this & the lütngel-lo distrlct and hope to get some lnterestlng results bearlng on physiography and Tertiary history in additton to the purely economíc work. I shall remeober to ask fletcher-Èo send you our joint Permian paper & add your name to the exchange 1isÈ. 209

No. 334 From H. Raggatt. Iundatedl Dear Mr. Jutson, I arn sending a few of my later PaPers to you under separate cover. There is a paper wrltten by H. O. Fletcher and myself which I should like to send you buÈ my own supply is or- hausted. Perhaps Fletcher (who is now with Madigan) will be able to supply one. Our interests are somewhat apart but I hope you will fínd the papers useful. I shoul-d be pleased to have some of your publications & hope to exchange wlth you in the future.

[Forwarded in return ]-4/8/39 with leÈter ackg recpt of H.G.Rrs paPers Goongarrle lst paper. Comet Yal-e t9/r3/1920 AAAS tr{A survey Sugarloaf Hill I^I.4. Lakes paper (eeog Journ) Port Caropbell Port Phillip (JTJ)I

No. 335 From Professor O. H. T. Southampton, England. Ríshbeth, Department of Aprfl 12, 1935 Geography, University College. Dear Mr. JuËson, Referring to our prevlous corresPondence, I have this morn- l-ng received from the Geological Survey of tr{estern Australla a copy of the second edltion of your "Physlography of tr'Iestern Aus- tralia.tt I have so far done no more Èhan glance 1t through and look at Èhe maps but I may assure you that I a¡n very pleased indeed to have iË and look forward keenly to studylng it. Please accept my cordial thanks for having lt sent Èo me.

No. 336 From E. J. Robertson. Anherstr Víctoria. March 5, 1898 Dear Jack, I am still ln the sarne place but am not. very busy - The Co. have not as yet decíded to resume worklng and I dontt know that they ever will - So long however Èhey pay I suppose I cannot com- plain very much - I an about síck of foollng about at this and Èhat, as the way Èhings are there ls no settling down to anythíng elther for oy own good or theírs. I have almost, though not quite, made up Dy nind to come to torntn as I feel I trant a bít of a change and now is a good chance to have a holíday - I have been out of sorts one way and another for a few weeks and have had some little annoyances in connection with the plant, one of r¡hlch beíng 2IO

bailiffs ln possession. I{hen I do come to tor47n I wont forget to look you up. I don't quite know how the days slip by but they go easily enough - I do but little reading, most of my tlme belng spent ln dodgtng about on the bike. I get very restless and donrt know what I r,irant to do or rrhere I r¡ish to go - I have wl-Èh me a bundle of Steadrs Masterpiece Library and with these slim volumes I dabble a líttle - The only reading anyÈhing like solid that I do is with works on Assaying Cheuistry and Cyanide Processes. I should like very much to state some ideas for discusslon but such as are float- ing in my mind are too líght to fix on paper - I get a little amusenent watchíng other people amuse themselves and they have little enough to v¡ork on. I dontt think you could drop on a more quiet place - it is almost dead and yet there are plenty of houses - One would not be hrorse off if he were away buried in Èhe bush - But things like these I suppose one can get tamed to in tlme. I'Iith regard to Geikiets book I would be very pleased to read it but perhaps tÈ will be as urell not to send ít at once as things are unsettled - I have no doubt that a little stirring up on Èhe old lines will do no harm and míght gfve some new ideas in a new directíon - I r¿il1 1et you know agaín when to send it- The country just about Amherst does not aPpear very interesting - It is composed of low ridges of slaty mudstones and sandstones with wide alluvial flats between them. There are very few sections for observlng the dip and where they are found are very rubbly- Away in the distance the view is more varied - The most distant range is one that includes Mt. Beckvrorth - This range has a very rugged appearance and I am told is made up of graniÈe - In the same view but much nearer there is a group of volcanic hl-lls the slopes of which being quíte bare and made up of very continuous curves give a very pleasing effect r¿hen contrasted with the jagged outllnes of the distant ranges. The volcanic hílls are regular types of extínct craters if the ill-ustratlons from books are anything to go by. AÈ Mt. Grenock there has been a mine workÍng the alluvial ground beneath it and something of its structure can be seen - The h111 proper is made up of píeces of basalt of about the slze of ordínary road metal down to the finest dust - and the whole appears to be roughly stratifl-ed ¡¿ith a dip Èowards the foot of the htll - the crown of the Mt. is made up of an almost circular ridge whtch slopes al-l round to a valley whl-ch is deepest where the circle ls broken - The hÍll slopes steeply lnÈo a faJr. sl-zed valley at the bottom of which is a creek - Àlong this slope a good ídea could be got of the actual height of the cone by levelllng - Be- ginnl-ng at the creek the rock 1s contorted sandsÈones whích forms the bedrock of the district. Several feet of coarse gravel from which much gold has been taken come next. In this r¿hich is nearly level r.rith the plain rests the ash, basalt etc forming the cone- The gravel seems to be a high leve1 rlver terrace of a strean that existed in the place of the present one long before the eruption - 2tL

There are plenty of hills abouË and the basalt p1aíns seem to be much eroded and the depth of lava very shallow. I came across the infusoríal earth the other day. It occupies a saucer líke depresslon in the basalt. It is about 20 ft. thick and appears stratifíed being very flaky horizontally - The rock is very light and of dazzLing whiteness. There are a number of joints cutting through it and in soue of then are veins of silica that looks like opal. There appears to be plenty of interesting matter to follow up when you go out but while stayJ-ng about the house you neither see it nor think how it is likely to crop up - After a 1ot of I hesiÈation I sometimes go a\.ray about 3 o clock without rnaking up rny nind where I am goinB to, and I generally come back quite pleased wíÈh what I saw; wishíng I had gone earlier- I shall still be found at the same address unÈ1l I let you know of a different one-

No. 337 From E. J. Robertson. Hectorville, South Australia. Aprl-1 28, 1900 Dear Jack, I ¡¿as pleased to receive your note and have thought a lot on its contents. I was as near as a touch to coml-ng av/ay on Fríday by boat - got as far as gol-ng to Adelaide & then thought different - The bel-ng in Adelaide for the dav seemed to liven me up even though I was alone. I have been ín two minds lately about coming back - I wanÈ a ehange fron here and home suggests itself sweetly - The r¡eaÈher here (even wet & wintry as it has been lately) sulÈs me all Èo pieces but the other condítions dontt, whíle at home I dread the weather and am quite comfortable otherwise. Thís being so neither are suíted to me and beJ-ng of opinion that I am not progressing here, I feel very much inclíned to try over there - If I came back I would not come in a hopeless spirit but with an ldea that I rnight put things Èo rights in a manner I canrt practice here - However I wont make a move during the next couple week as I íntend to try vlslÈlng the various suburbs on the tram íf fine weather seËs ln - I dontt fancy walking two miles to the tram and the 2 miles back. Aft,er knocking about Adelalde I dread hrorse and it means a little inconvenience to get driven down and met again the horses being at work ploughing etc - If I decide Èo stay I think I will get the bike over as I feel sure that a little exercise on it would be more useful than walking with weak 1egs. I could ride 4 or 5 mí1es I think easlly - In your letter you lay stress on my having gained a few poúnds weíght - During the first fortnlght of my stay I apparenÈly did but they are all gone again and more - They weighed me today at B stone 6 lbs - The last week ín Melbourne I weighed 9 sÈone 4 lbs. I dont feel as if that were the case as I certainly am now much stronger than I was a month ago. Stíll ít would look healthier 1f the figures \^rere reversed - I dont 212

seeru get on at all with the French - I ,m out so much as possible during the day and get sleepy soon after Èea, and I find tt dreary work if I canrt r¡rite ou¡ the exercises - I have been reading mostly - I can get plenty of novels of library sor¿ buË have no choise - but anything does. I dont know the titles or authors or am very mixed soon after finishíng any - I will wríÈe again later on - I åm sleepy - Hope all is well wfth You

No. 338 From II. S. Sharp' Managlng New York, U.S.À. Edítor, Journal of Geomorph- Oct. 26, L939 o1ogy. Dear Dr. Jutson, Please accept my apologles for the long and unintentlonal delay in answering your letter of AugusÈ 18. I am glad that you approved of the appearance of your PaPer as published in the May issue of the JOURNAL, and you may be interested to know that we have a brtef discussion of Ít by I{entworth which is to appear in a forthcoming issue. In regard Èo the subjects suggested by you for possible papers, I should say that r^rhile of course lre cannot corÍmiÈ ourselves to the publicaÈion of any Paper, one upon the Formation of Rock Fans by Marine Erosion or RamparËs on Marine Platforms' would seem to be most promising. You may be sure that should you submj-t papers on these or any other subject they wí11- receive careful consideraÈlon.

No. 339 From tr^I. M. Shepherd' Melbourne, Víctoria' SecreÈary, Department of Jan. 3, L928 Defence. Dear Sir, I{íth reference to your letter of the l-5th Decembet, 1927, I desire to inform you thaÈ one copy of each of Èhe Mllitary Survey Maps of Geelong, Portarlington, Sorrento, Ilestern Port and I{olla¡rai has been forwarded under seParate cover. Please acknowl- ledge recelpt on the aËtached form. In the ínÈerest of national safety Mtlttary Survey Maps were wíthdrawn from sale to the public and are now lssued on loan in approved cases only. The sheets referred Ëo above are forwarded on the undersÈanding that you will assume the responsibillty for their safe custody and that you will treat them as confidential. A certlfl-cate to the effect that they are held in safe custody w111 be forwarded to you for completion at the end of June in each year. 2L3

No. 340 From I{. M. Shepherd. Iundated] Dear Sir, In connecÈion rdith the issue to you on loan of certain Milítary Survey Maps, 1t ls requested that the attached certifíceÈe be completed and returned to this Department. lCopy I certify ÈhaÈ the undermentloned Milítary Survey Maps issued on loan by the Defence department are held ín safe custody & are used solely for official purposes. one (1) copy each of: Geelong, Portarlington, Sorrento, üIestern Port & I,Iool-amai. 27 /7 /28 (JrJ) l [Military Maps loaned by Defence Department: Sorrento Sunbury Portarlington Rlngwood Anglesea lJestern Port & Woolamai l.Ioolamai Sorrento You Yean Melbourne Cranbourne Geelong Geelong (earlier one) Al-1 returned Ëo Major Hodgson of the Victoria Barracks 9/12/32. 11 in all. I have now purchased from Robtson & Mrllens all- the above except the SorrenËo one (dated June 1915) ? Later one. 9/L2/32 Berwl-ck & later Sorrento one presented to me by Major Hodg- son (JTJ)l

No. 34L From I^I. M. Shepherd. March 21, 1930 Dear Sir, I have to acknowledge receipt of your letÈer of 1lth Marcht 1930, and as requested by you forward hereunder a revised statemenÈ of the progress made in the Î'fllttary Survey of Victorla:- 1. Sketch naps (scale 1:63360) published prlor to 1915 - Anglesea; Cranbourne; Geelong; Portarlingt,on; Ringwood; Sorrento; lJesternport and tloolamai. 2. Since 1915 the work of resurveyíng and republishing the abovementloned maps has been undertaken, and the following shows Ëhe progress to date:- 214

Reprinted: Cranbourne' Ringwood, Geelongt Portarll-ngt,on r Anglesea. Drawn: Vlesternport and l,Ioolnmaí, but slnce revísed in the fteld and now being redrawn. Field l,{ork completed: Sorrento. 3. In additíon to the sheets mentioned above, the following maps have been published since 1915 (i.e. sfnce the coumencement of the trigonometrical survey):- Scale I:L26r72O: Ballan, Meredith, Sunbury, Melbourne, Corangamite-Beeac-Cobdon-Co1ac . Scale 1:63,360 : Melbourne; Nagarnbie; Sunbury; Tallarook; Yan Yean; Liptrap; Kínglake (now belng Printed). 4. In respect of other areas, a statemenÈ ls given hereunder of the progress made:- Scale I:126r720z Hawkesdale-Pannure-Port Fairy- Mortlake. Nelson-Milltown-Bridge- ulater-PorËland. (lopo. Survey com- PleËed) . Scale l-:63 ,360 : t{onthaggi (drawn) Korumburra (Topo. survey completed). Drouln ( " " in hand). Foster (trtg. survey comPleted). [Akd. & carbon copy thaÈ I,Ías aÈtached sent with ackt. 25/3/30 (JTJ)]

No. 342 From I^1. Shepherd t?l to t'lay 23' 1933 G. Cazaux, Dordogne, France. Dear Sir, I am in receípt of your letter of March 12th re uarine sand dunes. For Port Phill1p, the Council of thís Socíety has referred your letter Ëo Mr. J. T. Jutson, a dl-stinguished physiographer in Victoría. For Moreton Bay, a copy of your letter has been sent Ëo the Royal Society of Queensland. For the Swan Estuary and Port Hedland a copy of your leÈter has been referred to the Royal Socíety of lJestern AusÈralía.

No. 343 From E. S. Símpson. South Perth, I{estern Australla. June 30, 1935 Dear Jutsont I must apologise for not writlng earlíer ln answer to your 2L5

April letter, but the fact is ny health has been very up & down for the last six or seven nonths. I was in hospital for 5-6 weeks in Nov-Dec. and collapsed again early in May with heart trouble, the result of overstrain in the east three years. After a fortníght at. houe on my baek, the doctor sent me off to sea, so I took a return tícket Èo Darwln which díd ne a heap of good, and I have been back at r¿ork for a forÊnight now. The doctor wanted me to retire altogether, I am over 60, but I have always been such a busy man all ny lífe, and so intensely int.erested in my profession, that I cannot make up my rnind to do so yet. I had a very pleasant trip to Darwin wíth Blatchf ord & his r"¡if e and Mrs. Lambert, wif e of the editor of the I,Iest AusÈralian, as companíons. Blatchford as you probably know is one of the consulting engineers to Cormon- wealth Mining & Finance, and râras on his way to inaugurate a pro- gr¿üne of borÍng on a mine at Pine Creek ín the N.T. I only wísh you could have been wíÈh us as you would have enjoyed seelng something of the northern coastline. In several places local friends motored us 20 or 30 miles inland, and hre made a most unusual call at the Drysdale Míssion aË the head of the magnificent harbour of Naper Broome Bay. This has now been reserved for the Imperial & Australian navies to form a naval base. One unusual feature about iÈ 1s that r4rith 30 ft. tides a few miles on either síde, ít only has a tide of 8 ft. The Geological Survey here has a nehr lease of life these days wíth quite a number of new appointments, and the kudos of sharíng in the Comnonwealth Survey of Northern Australia. Forman ls a fine fellow, much liked by all who know him. Have you met hirn yet? I trust you and your good wife are keeping well. Give her my very kÍnd regards. If ever I come east again I shall drop you a line first. I^Iith all good wishes,

You may be interested to know I have a grandson I months old. Should your firm require a legal agent here at any time my son suggesÈs you nfght remember hln. B.E.G. Simpson, tr{arrlck House, Perth.

No. 344 Fron F. A. Singleton, The Melbourne, Victoria. University of Melbourne. Oct. 28, L927 My dear Jutson, It was exceedingly good of you to stay on, when I had been compelled to depart, and go through the photographs yesterday morning. I now feel I should have made a prellminary selectlon to submit to you, with a view to the conservatíon of your tlme - so much more valuable than my o!üt. Ithile physiographers, like other geologlsts, are naturally at palns to do any service possible for fel-low workers, yet I feel ít was partícularly magnanimous for you to have done so for 2L6

one who has the Ëemeríty to deny the exístence of that object of veneration for all devout physiographers, the Penepl-ain: At the first opportuníty next r¿eek I shal1 look up the numbers you have selected, and upon receipÈ of the prints I may ask you to amplify, ¡¿here necessary, thelr physlographie description. I do not think I shall venture to make any alteratlons' unless I can find a better view of the Grampians than the one I picked out. A photograph of Mt. Abrupt at Dunkeld roight lllustrate dip slope & escarpment better. In regard to your paper, I shall be unable to vislt the en- graver before next week, but I have no doubt that it will be possible to include all six íllustrations. There rras no extra cost - the enlargemenÈ hTas incorrectly done before and .hras repeated I4rithout charge; while the other photos, though orderedr were noÈ actually reprinted, as the photographer considered he could not ímprove on Èhe oristing prlnts. once again thanking you on Professor schafferts behalf and my ovün, and with kindest regards'

No. 345 Frorn F. À. SingleÈon. Feb. 14, L928

My dear JuÈson, I have yeÈ again a request to make 1n regard to the photographs for Schaffer. These I am forwarding under separate cover. llould it be possible for you to give me a brief physlographic note on each? I started lt but declded that ít would be better left in expert hands. You really have exhiblted contribuÈory negligence (or whatever you l-egal folks call {t), for if you had not been so exceedtngly kind and helpful in Èhe Past' I should scareely have had the nerve to tTorry you agaín. The photos make a good series, I thlnk. Three - nos ' 5L7, 3gL, 736 - 'hreïe puÈ in for vegeËatíon tyPes, though Èhe last shows youthful valley topography, & conversely nany of the others show vegetation. Kindest regards, p.S. Irve just rung Fordrs, who have your reprints ready & will send them over. Ir11 send them on when recefved. I{efre in the middle of moving to the new building whlch means the devll of a 1oÈ of hard work.

No. 346 From T. A. Singleton. Dec. 6, 1930 My dear Jutson, Your note of the 4th & the MS have just come to hand. I think you have done the job adrnlrably and qulte agree that "angels could do no more,r' in fact, unless they have physiographic knowledge' 2].7

Èhey would probably do considerably less! I shall- not ask for it to be re-typed, as I em anxious to get it off to Èhe printers as soon as possible, though I do not think there is any possibilÍty of íts separate issue beforer sâI¡ the latter part of January. I hope, however, that galley proofs wlII be ready for you by your return to tovrri after what I hope has been an absence on holiday rather than on business. With kindest regards, My PS in replv to vours - I really do not mind whether the figs. are retained for [?]

No. 347 From E. A. Skeats, Depart- Melbourne, Victoria. artment, of Geology, The Nov. 25, 1930 University of Melbourne. Dear l"fr. Jutson, Your paper is interesting and informaËive, although as you say of a prelimínary nature and inplyíng the production of a more defl-nite pronouncement aft.er levelling operations. In your interests and the fínancial ínterests of the Royal Society, however, I thínk you should go over it carefully and cut out all unnecessary r'rords and sentences. I have gíven an indícation on page 17 dealing wíth Point Henry, of condensation which I thínk can be done r.rith advantage, and other suggestlons are made, ín pencil, at varlous points in the paper. If you do this rigorously throughouË I am sure a toËal of several pages can be saved, whích means several pounds to the Society, whieh in the presenÈ and probably future state of lts finances is inportant. You will, no doubt, rea1J-ze thaË I donrt wanÈ you Èo cut out any part which is of real importance buÈ only to excise redundant or repetiÈive statements. I am returnlng your paper wl-th this and Mr. Singleton will be glad to get it from you ln l-ts final fom at your earliest convenience.

No. 348 From F. L. Stillwell, Hon. Melbourne, Victoria. Secretary, Royal Soclety l(ay L2, 1933 of VfcËor1a. Dear Mr. Jutson, The accompanyíng letter ls a trahsl-ated copy of a letter received by the Royal Soclety of VlcÈoria and the Council declded to refer it to you in regard torrPort Philiprr which, I expect, means the Victorian Coast. I ¡m sendíng a eopy of the letter to the Royal Society of Queensland ln reference to Moreton Bay and another copy to ÌI. A. Royal Society ín reference to the Swan Estuary and Port Hedland. 2L8

No. 349 From tr'. L. Sttllwell. l"ray 23, L933 Dear Mr. Jutsont The Council of the Society would be pleased lf you would prepare the memorandum sought by G. Cazanx. I am enclosing a coPy of my reply to the letter, also the Irench stamps if they are any use. Thís places any further action entirely in your hands for Victoría. !üith kind regards '

No. 350 From F. L. Stillwell. Dec. 18, 1936 Dear Jutson, Your manuscript has been submitted to the referees appoínted by the Council. It has now been returned to me htith suggestlons - (i) that Èhe section dealing with the correlatlon with other deposits of Tertiary or PosÈ Tertiary age be either expanded or reduced because it is not sufficiently detailed to have any value, (2) that the sectlon on nomenclature in Ëhe final table of post Tertiary rocks be deleted. I am therefore returning it to you for consíderation.

No. 351 From F. L. Stillwell. Sept. 3, L937 Dear Sir, under separate cover ate 25 reprints of your PaPer in the last issue of the RoYal. I am sorry to say that owíng Èo a ml-sunderstanding beÈween Èhe Assístant Editor and the Prínter your order fot 25 extra reprints was not carried out. The type was dispersed before the error was discovered, and I can only offer you the apologies of the Society.

No. 352 From C. A. Sussmilch, Darlinghurst, New south Acting SuPerintendent, I^Iales ' - Sydney Technical- College. Dec. 20, L933 Dear JirÈson, Your letter of 16th ínstant to hand. The basalÈs \'Iere taken int.o consideratlon and were discussed 1n my book on the Geology of New south trIales. Ithlle to my nlnd Èhey lend support of my vlews, the evidence from this side is not conclusive and can be interpreted in two different ways. By the same maíl I au forwarding to you my last publication on the Geology of the Kandos Dlstrict. I^Iith Èhe conpliments of the Season' 2L9

No. 353 From C. A. Sussmilch. Jan. 17, L934

Dear JuÈson, Your letter to hand. The last edltion of rny book came out ín L922, but ín Ëhis editíon only Èhe Carboniferous lras revised. The rest of the book is stil1 the same as the 1914 edition, so consequently it is very decidedly out of date.

No. 354 From DoroÈhy R. Taylor, Sydney, New South Wales. Co-editor, Australian Geog- July 30, 1928 rapher, Geographical Society of New South l^Ia1es. Dear Sir, The first issue of the Australian Geographer has already gone to press, but we shall welcome your Victorian Notes, with an additional page or t\,üo, to be inserted in the next edition. That, I think, will be at leasÈ three months hence.

No. 355 Frou G. Taylor, Depart- Sydney, IrTew South I{ales. menÈ of Geography, Univer- abt L2/5/28 [¡r;] siÈy of Sydney. Dear Jutson, Our Journal is to appear in 3 monÈhs and I much wish to en- list your help in one direction. lJil1 you wríÈe about 300 words on geographical progress in Vic in the last 2 years. Mention briefly any event of geographical ínterest chief research & papers (given method of publication). We are Ínterested in ethnology as well as in physiography carÈography and economic geog. DonrÈ forget your o!ün work. It will appear over your name. If you have not time perhaps you would let me know early so that I may approach someone else. Two pages of MSS wontt take you long! Our journal is to help the geographer; not to prÍnt popular hunting records!

No. 356 From G. Taylor. l{ay L9, L929 Dear Jutson, Thanks for your note. Have not the geological survey or geologÍ-sts aÈ the Universíty done anythlng physiographic of late years? Keble sent me some fine notes on the orígin of Port Phillip 12 monÈhs ago. Are they not published? I haventt anything of noÈe published escept my book. I have been tackling soclology somewhat lately. 220

Our Society l-s 10 months o1d & producing its flrst annual number. G. T.

No.357 From G. Taylor, Chicago, I11inofs, U.S.A. Ipostcard] Nov.10, 1931 Thanks for note & paper. I had many talks wíth Prof. Johnson at Paris. He is one of the most popular of USA teachers - and ran his section of the Congress better than anyone. I have been busy wrlting lately. My new book on AusÈralia (nand McNally 1931) will interest you. I send you tr^ro recent Papers. I have Just travelled from London to Parl-s by way of Norway Rumania & Spain Q-f/z months) as foundation for a book on the European environment. I donft Èhink I am loafing, since I have 3 books & 4 papers in Ëhe press at present. I thínk it unlikely that I shal1 return to Aus. soon. U.S.A. is very kind to me, tho I don't líke Chicago flats & clirnatel Remember me to Aus. friends especially Mahony & Davis.

No. 358 From G. Taylor, Univ- Feb. 12 [1935?] sity of Chicago. Dear Jutson, Thanks for your letter - I should l1ke a coPy of yr book - whích I could review for the Geog. Revievr possibly. It has not come to hand yet. I have just finished a big book (Environnent & Natíon - geogr ínÈerpretation of cultrual history of EuroPe) with 200 rnaps. To be published in August here. My large book on AusËralia is slowly advancing to completion. Kínd regards to Aus. friends.

No. 359 From E. O. Teale, Tanganyika TerritorY 1' Geological Survey. South Africa. Feb. 4, L935 Dear Jutson, Very-many thanks for your letter of 6th Dec 1934 and for the copy of the second edltion of the Physlography of I.lestern AustralJ-a' whích has also come safely to hand. It marks a great progress in the scoPe of the l-nformatíon since your firsÈ edlÈlon and you are to be greatly congratulated on Èhe comprehenslve and careful presentation of the subJect. It has clearly enÈailed a very large amount of work and in your case, I presume, overtime, though to you as an enthusl-ast, you may regard ít somewhat as a pastlme: 22r

I have not had Èime to study the book closely, but the large number of íllustrations and dlagrams enables one to see at a glance many of the salienÈ features. IÈ is interestíng to read that Èhe balance of the evidence places the perlod of great pene- planatl-on ín the Miocene, for that ís whaÈ appears to be the case in S. Afríca, so far as we can tell at present. Aríd erosion is of course far more exÈreme l-n many Parts of I,l .4. than ln T.T., but rtre have extensive sub-arld condítions in Inany areas. It ís astonishing to read the Íntensity of some of the rain storms in the N.W. region. This must have a very marked effect on erosion, especially if it follows after a long dry season. Here, near Dodoma, our average annual ra1nfal1 1s about 18t'; the other níghÈ we had 6 ínches in the night, 5 of whlch fell in about 1-.-L/z hours. Thls is exceptl-onal, but thaË is Ëhe way the rain falls ín part of the country and, as a result, t'badlands" formation develops remarkably on fan slopes, partícularly, where the vegetation has been destroyed by overgrazTng or where culti- vation is carried out without terracing or contour ridging of some kind. Conditions, deparÈmentally, have taken a curious turn. l,le have had many changes lately among the hlgher authorities including' Governor, Chlef Secretary and others. The "new brooms" have been sweeping vigorously, and some of the changes have been sweeping and unexpected. Four departments, Lands, Survey, Mines and Geol- ogy are being amalgamated under one Director, who will be the ex Director of Lands, a non technlcal man! There wlll henceforth be no Director of Geol. Survey, no Conrmissioner of Mines or Dfrector of Surveys, the head of each of these secÈions r^¡ill be, Chief Geologíst, Chief Mining Inspector etc. Personally I think iÈ 1s a very backward step' passíng the scíentiftc offícers down under purely clerical overlordshlp. I am of course due to retlre whlch I w111 do, but am beíng retaíned as an advísor to GovernmenÈ on míning and geological maËters, being called a Mining Consultant, in which capacíty I shall have to visit England every year for a short tl-me and a special- tríp, to come off ín a few weeks, rrill be a tríp by air to Johannesburg and back. The total salary wíll be lncreased but I do not know yet how I shall like the new conditíons. I am hopfng to get out to Australia Èowards the end of the year for leave, but may have to go to England first. It is an uprooting of the old ways. I hope you and Mrs. Jutson are keepíng well' I^Ilth best wlshes,

No. 360 From S. Ting, DePartment Glasgow' Scotland. of Geography, The Unlver- SepÈ. 6, 1936 sity of Glasgow. Dear Sír, Thanks for your l-etter dated lst of August. I have sent a 222

copy of my paper under separate cover. I am very interesÈed in your contribution and am hoping to receíve reprints of your articles in the fuÈure.

No. 361 From S. Ting, Department Szechuan, China. of Geography, CenÈral Univer- Nov. 17, 1937 síty, Chungking. Dear Mr. Jutson, Sorry to have delayed in answering your letter dated 6th July owing Èo the rnomadicr condition of ny life during these past few months. Under a seperate cover I send you another reprint: ttCoasÈal Conf iguration of I^lestern Scotland." Your suggestion of usíng the terms ttgreat vravesrtt ttmoderate r^ravestt and ttsmall wavestt is a good one. I will adopt Èheur in a forth-coming article dealing with Èhe classificaÈion of shore deposÍts. Please note the change of ny address. tr{íth very best wishes, fnecd 22/L2137 (.rr;¡1

No. 362 From G. I^I. TÍsdale, City Geelong Vfctoria. Surveyor. June 12, 1935 Dear Sir, As the City Council has no bay frontage which is effected by erosion, I have no information on this matter, buÈ would refer you to the Geelong Harbour Trust Couunissioners.

No. 363 From A. E. Tobin, Surveyor Melbourne, Victorl-a. General, Department of July 14, L92B Lands and Survey. Dear Sir, In reply to your communicaÈion of the llth June, lasÈ, relative Èo a new Topographícal map of the State, I have to inform you that I am not ar¡rare of any topographical work of importance Èhat has been underÈaken during the past tl,Io years.

No.364 From J. Ul1ah, Archaeo- Calcutta, India. logical chemist, Indian Feb.16,1919 Museum. Dear Sir, I have read with great interest your article entitled "The influence of Salts in Rock l^Ieathering etc." If conveníent could you be so kind as to favour me with a coPy of this article as I 223

should l-lke to keep J-t for reference. Thanking you very much in anticipatíon.

No. 365 Fron The Registrar, The Melbourne, Víctorfa' Unlversity of Melbourne. Feb. 2L, 1936 Dear Sir, I am in receipt of your 1eÈter of the 17th ínst. and, very much regret any lnconvenience caused you by your letter not being readdressed. I an afraid it is lmpossible at this date to trace whether the letter was returned to the Dead Letter office from thís office or from some other Department.

I suppose you cantt send us the original envelope.

No. 366 From C. Neild l{arrandyke, Víctorla' Koornong School. Oct. 30 1939 Dear Mr. Jutson, Thank you for your letter of october 12th and for the reprint of your paper on the geology of l.Iarrandyte. Please accePt my apologies for not replying sooner. If you had tirqe to visít this site and to dlscuss it I would be very glad. Perhaps you could visit us sometime during a week-end. Thank you for your applicaÈ1on to the Transport Board' We shall certainly bring what pressure \^re can on the Board for this extension. If you could specify ín just what way this could be done ít rníght expedite matters.

P.S. I have already used your monograph wlth great profít in teaching. Thank you agaln.

No. 367 From A. H. Voisey' Pl-ne Creek, Northern Northern Australía Survey. TerriÈory. Sept. 30' 1936 Dear Mr. Jutsont For flve months I have turned your leËter over in my bundle of correspondence to be answered and each tftne I have postponed an ansr¡rer until I had time to coPy out the list of literature relating to uplift for you. I have at last decided to relieve my conscience a lirtle and tell you that I shall geË this list for you in the near future íf it is not too late for you. I havenrt a list made up wiÈh me but Èhínk I have one in Kempsey - the Royal Soclety of N.S.W. wouldnrt publl-sh thís bibliography as it was too l-engÈhy 224

and I,Jas noË all necessary for my paPer on the North Coast Distríct. I have the references mixed up l-n a notebook but I shall go through and extracÈ thern. You can well imagine that out here in the wilds 1s hardly the place for uruch geological relæ

P.S. Have forgotten your degrees and havenrË the llterature handy to refresh my memory so please forgive me if I am wrong. I have an idea you have a couPl-e.

No. 368 From A. H. VoiseY. IUndated] Dear Mr. Jutson, I am encloslng the llst of references relating Èo uplift. I have a slight recollection of several more but only have a notebook here with me as a reference. I hope that the list will be some use to you. The papers especially worth reading - I donrt 225

mean that I agree altogether but they deserve discussíon - are marked with an x. I forget r¿hether I sent my lasÈ letter to you by air mall or not. If not you will recel-ve thís first and an apology for not doÍng the job later on. The temperature is over 1000 and wet bulb nearly 80o. Best wishes ín your work,

P.S. Excuse my lapse over your degrees lasÈ Èlme. How does a scientist get an L.L.B.? You are nearly as bad a mixture as Dr. E. O. Marks - eye specialist and physlographer. I ¡¿as once a teacher but couldntt stick that whlle another geologlcal friend (2 ín fact) has/have turned psychologtst. Variety is the spíce of life they say. At presenÈ I would enjoy an lce cream! !

No. 369 From A. H. Volsey. March 29, 1936. Dear Mr. Jutson, I was pleased to receive your 1eÈter referring to my physiography paper and have pleasure in sending you a copy under sePar- ate cover. I am including also a paper on Silverwood Qld. whích is neither very ímporÈant nor strictly correct. I have since found a corresponding sequence at Drake N.S.I^I . and the order does noÈ confonn with any lnLerpretation whlch has been suggested (so far). The only other paper I have had publtshed ls on the general geology of the Mídd1e North Coast of N.S.I^I. Llnnean Soc. N.S.I^1. Vol. 59 1934, but I did not get sufficient reprinÈs of this PaPer and am unable to send you one. I had previously referred to your paper 1n connecÈion with xny N.S.I{. work but it hras too far afield to be lncluded there. I have sínce had the opportunity of vlsiting Port Phill1p (Rosbud, Sorrento, Geelong, Queenscliff and Poínt Londsale) and welcome your paper as I am now able to appreciate it better knowíng the formations to which you refer. I noÈe with some satísfactl-on that you have been cautious in suggestlng a recent small upltft. I felt the same way about Èhls matter. Though believíng ín its occurrence myself, I found diffÍ- culty 1n obtaining evídence which could be regarded as conclusfve. I eventually commitÈed myself to some exÈent on the poinÈ but recognlse Èhat others could inÈerpret each feaÈure 1n a dífferent hray. The very fact, however, that so many explanatJ-ons are needed to account for numerous structures whích all fl-t ín wlth one hypothesis l-s all ín favour of that hypothesís. I did quite a lot of work ln preparíng thís PaPer and con- sulted practically every Australian paper on coastal physlography. The Royal Society considered that rny bibliography hTas too long so made me shorten lt. The history of the physiographícal thought ls very interesting and the weighÈ of opínlon favours uplíft - but without sufficient evldence I am afraid. 226

I have been dabbling in the physiography of the Dl-vide along the Eastern Coast but had to give up because my work took me to Víctoria in l-934 and then to the Northern Territory. Now I am restrícted, being on the great peneplaj-n for much of the year. Being an opponent of uost of the people who use faults to explain nost hills I an ín areas which force roe to keep sílent because no one can dispute these Mount Lofty fault scarPs and blocks and the sunken areas around Adelaíde. f em writing this letter in Adelaide but exPect to leave here on April 8th for Alice Springs so have gíven you that address which will always find me eventually. I{e will leave Arltunga lrhere we will spend abouÈ six weeks ín June and will work in Ëhe Pine Creek District. You will know about thls Northern AusËrall-a Survey which is run by the Govts of Qld, W.A. and CorunonwealËh. I am Assistant Geologist to Mr. P. S. Hossfeld who leads Èhe Northern Territory party. This year we have t\.Io more geologists from Adelaide Univ- ersíÈy and wlÈh our uechanic, cook and field assistants will have a parÈy of ten. Mrs. Hossfeld will make eleven. Last year the flles r¡rere awful 1n the centre but will be r^rorse thís year after the recent rains. Fortunately it is too hot for them at Pine Creek. I shall be pleased to hear of you and your work anytirne. I am still very interested in physJ-ography but have no'táI to consider economic geology more serl-ously. I have just written Èhree Papers on the N.S.W. Permian-Carboniferous rocks and these may be pub- líshed this year. Are you resÈrícting yourself to physíography or are you interested in the other asPects of geology as well? I have Èaken up geography as a hobby as l-È is very interestlng livíng under such wíde1y different clímaÈlc condiËions. Good luck with Your researches. lAckd 2L/4 /36 (JrJ) l

No. 370 From A. I1. Voisey, New Armidale, New south l,Iales. England Uníversity College Aprll 13' 1939 (Universíty of SYdneY) . Dear Jutson, Many thanks for your congratulations re. the Arruidale positlon. I ¡m exceedíngly pleased to be settled after all ny travel- ltng and I enjoy the scope r¿hlch I am able Èo obtain here. I must necessarily be a jack-of-all trades and this sulÈs me for the moment. IÈ nust be very difficult indeed conbinl-ng Law and geology. You and Dr. A. N. Lewis of Tasmania, have similar problems in that respect. Yes, I was married 15 months ago to a NSI^I girl whom I met when I líent to her fatherrs home to lnspect a fossí1 occurrence ¡¿hich he had reported. I{e went to Tasmania for our hone¡moon-. 227

I¡Ie returned through Melbourne but were only there for a week-end. My wlfe always rubs ln the fact that I managed to geË a geologlcal paper ouË of our honeyrnoon trip. However, Dr. Lewls was Èhe main culprit and díd mosÈ of the work. My wife and I spent last year travelllng wlth occasional- settled weeks at our beach house. I{e welcome belng in one place for a while BUT the internaÈíonal situation {s so disturbing that I fear our happiness will be curtailed. I hope Èo indulge in more physlographical undertakíngs but feel that there is so mgch to learn that I am being venturesome. Do you ever get a chance to come over thls way? If you can I would be pleased to show you round the place. I'Ie have a sPare room which we would like you to occuPy. I^Iíth ktnd regards.

No. 371 From J. I^Ialther, Emerltus Halle' Ge:many. Professor of Geology. JulY 5, L929 My Dear Jutson! Since I left Australía I always ¡^¡aited to hear from you as I could not get your address, noË even from David whom I once met in London. Now I receíve your kínd letter and hurry to send you first of all the last edition of the Desert Book as wel-l as some Separata which you have been waiting for 14 years! t still remember wíth joy and gratttude the nlce days ln Kookynie where I, just before the qrar, could work wíth you and sit ln front of the open fire- place with your dear wife - long ago! You will have heard about my fates; I recelved the honorary doctorate in Melbourne on August 14, heard many nice things from your fellorit countrymen in Sydney, Brísbane, and Port Darwin, stayed in Java for 6 weeks, rllas captured by Scottísh soldlers in the Suez Canal , was interned for 2 ð,ays, got free and arrlved J-n Gernany on December 1. In the meanÈine I have grohln older, buË sÈ11-1 gave lecÈures at John Hopkins, Baltimore, as visltíng professor for some monthst am retl-red since this winter and would ll-ke to complete my unfinished manuscripts. I send my best regards to you and your wife. Please also give my regards to trIool-nough and other colleagues who remember me. I âm yours faithfully, A very lnteresting book is also Hanns, Australien, Le ipzIg, Listed under von Bressendort, L927. Lots of wishes to Mrs. Jutson and my f rl-ends in Melbourne. [Origínal hand wrítten. Translated from Èhe German by Mrs. .A'nke Jen- sen, SecreÈary, Department of Geography, University of Adelaidet South Australla] 228

IOrígínal of Letter No. 371] 5 Jul1, 1929 Mein lieber Jutson, Ich habe selt dem ich Australlen verliess, ítuner gewartet' von Ihnen einmal zu horen, denn sggar Ihre Adresse konnte ich nicht erfahren - auf von David nicht, den ich einmal in London traf. Nun erhalte ích lhren freundlíchen Brief und beeile mich, Ihnen zunachst meine Iatzte Auflage des tlustenbuches, sowie einige Separata zu senden, díe auf Sie seít 14 Jahren $Tartent Denn ích denke ímmer noch mit Freude und Dankbarkeit an dle schoenen Tage in Kookynie l,ro ich kurz vor dem Krige [sic] mit Ihnen arbeÍten und míÈ Ihrer lieben gaÈtin [sic] abends am Kamin siÈzen konnte - long ago ! von meínen schicksalen wrden Isic] síe gehort haben; ich bekam noch am 14 August den Ehrendoktor |n Melburne' elfuhr von Ihren Landsleuten in Sydney, Brisbane, Port Darwln, viel Freundllches' r^tar dann 6 lJochen Ín Java, rTurre [sic] im Sueskanal von schottischen Soldaten gefangen, fur zweí Tage internirt, dann freigelassen und kam am 1 December nach Deutschland. Inzwlschen bin ích alËer gevrorden, habe aber 1927 noch einige Monate als Gastprofessor an Johns Hopkins zu Baltímore vorlesungen gehalten, bin seít díesem ldínÈer emeritirt und will nun noch fertlg arbeiten, v/as an unvollendeten Manuscripten bei nir liegt. Ich grüsse Sie und Thre Gattin herzlich. UbermítÈeln Sie auch meine Grüsse an l^Ioolnough und andere Kollegen, díe sích meíner erl-nneren. Ich bln Ihr ergebener. Eín sehr interessanter Buch ist auch Harms Australíen Leipzig. Líst u.v. Bressendorf L927. Viele Grüsse an Mrs. Jutson und me rne Freunde in Melbourne. Ihr'

No. 372 From J. l,tralther. l"fay 9, 1930

My Dear Jutson' My letter, thanking You fur your Kind sending of interesting papers on llestern Atsralla, kam back, on behalf of incomplet adresse. So Y thank you alittel late, but wíth my besÈ comliments for Your kínd sendíng. Reading your descriptlons J feelt "quite at home" with You in Menzles, Yerilla and Kookinie. Som weeks ago J send You two colored tables frorn Geisslers Book stamped after mY sketshes. Jn 1914 J recived the honors for Dr degree from the Melbourne Unlversity wlth Rutherford, Schaefer and other promlnent Members of the Brít Ass. A photography of the new Doktors has been typed after the celebration - but ín the turbulenÈ Days J couldnt get a copi.e in the universíty, and order a Copie of thes photo on my expenses ! 229

Jn the nexÈ months will be my 70 birthday - but Y feel very well and hope to finish fn the next yaers som last papers. trlíth ny best compliments t.o Mrs. Jutson,

No. 373 From J. I,tralther. AugusÈ 1, 1935

Dear friend Jut,son! On my return from Èhe Alps I found your ne!/ edition of Geomorphology of lrlestern Australia and congratulate you heartily to the completion of your so valuable llfets work. I looked through the dffferent chapters immedJ-ately and enjoyed your excellent ïePresenËaÈion of the country whích It under your guidance' partly got to know 20 years ago, and which essential geological details you explained to me then. Through the revision your book did not only win volume but also depth and wíll always stay as the standard work of Llestern Australia. JusÈ as I am interested in your work, 1 ¡m a1-so interested to know where you live now, what yout Present actlvitÍes are and also how Mrs. Jutson ís who so kindly made me feel at home in Kookynie at that tl-me? I read that most of the gold mines are exhausted and that also Ín l,trestern Australia the sad consequences of Èhe world rnrar are fe1t, the same elay as we suffer here in Europe. I retired 5 years ago, and work on the locatlon and history of Landbrucken (Land Br idges) whích during the Pleistocene sËi1l existed from Africa to Europe and over which the Afrícan primev aL animals and primeval man (Neandertalerl) migrated. I get a lot of new lnfomation about mants history through several sea travels Èo the Mediterranean íslands, the study of caves l-n the south of tr'rance and Sicily as well as Terrarossa (which ls nothlng else than the carried-off cover of North Àfrica through deflation). tr{hen you hear that tle boomerang originates from the deluvtal- Nile va1-ley and that recently the sane Cheller-Artefacts which the Neandertals took to Europe and the Aborigíne to Australia were found in upper Egypt - then you wÍll understand how often I think of you and I^Iestern Australl-a over lny MediÈerranian work. If you should see Prof. I^Ioolnough please give hírn and his wife my besË regards, and I also greet. you and your wife from afar. ITranslated from the Geman by Mrs. Anke Jensen, Secretary' Depart- ment of Geography, University of Adelaíde, South AusÈralia.] 230

[Originalof Letter No. 373]

From Johannes l^lalther, Dr. Halle - Saa1e, med. h. c. Dr. Sc. h. c. Dr. Germany. phil. nat. Professor em. Aug. 1, 1935 der Geologie und Palaeont- ologie Geheimer Regíerungsrat. Lieber Freund Jutson! Bei meínen Heimkehr aus den Alpen fand ich Ihre Sendung der neuen Auflage Ihrer Geom. of lü. Australia und gratuliere Ihnen zunächst herzllch zur Vollendung Ihres, so \"/ertvollen Lebenswerkes. Ich habe sofort die el-nzelnen Kapital durchgesehn und mich íhr die ausgezeichnete Darstelling des Landes gefreut, dar ich teilweise vor 20 Jahren unter Ihrer Führung kennen lernte, und dessen wesentlíchen geologíchen Grunzuge Sie mir dar damals Isic] erläuterten. Ihr Buch hat durch die Neubearbeitung nícht allein an Umfang sondern auch an Tiefe geh¡onnen und wird stets das Stand- ard - I,Ierk von I¡l . Australíen bleiben. Ebenso sehr wie ¡nlch Ihr I{erk interessiert, interessíert mich aber auch wo Síe jetzt leben, r¿as lhr heutiges Arbeits [ker] ist, und auch, wie es Mrs [sic] Jutson geht, die mich damals [slc] in Kookynie so liebenswurdig aufgenornmen hat? Ich lese, dass die meisten Goldml-nen erschõpft sind, und dass auch in I{. Australien die traurígen Folgen der l{eltkrieges [eingehreten] sind, unter denen wie hler ín Europa leiden. Ich bin seit 5 Jahren emeritíert, und arbeite uber die lage und Geschichte der Landbrucken, die noch ín pleistozanerzeit von Afrika nach Europa führten und auf denen afríkaniche UrËiere und Unnenschen (Neandertaler!) ein wanderten. Mehrer Seereisen nach den Inseln der MiÈtelmeeres, das Studitten der Hõhler von Sud- frankrelch und Sizilien, sowle der Terrarossa (die nichts anderes ist, wie die durch Deflation abgetragene Laterit - Decke Nordafrikas) geben mir eíne fütte neuer Informatl-onen uber die Urgeschíchte der Menschheit. I^Ienn Sie horen, dass der Bumerang aus dem alten delu- vialen Niltal stannt, und das man neuerdings in Oberaegypten díe selben Cheller - Artefakte gefunden hat, díe der Isic] Neandertaler nach Europa und der Uraustralier bis nach Australien mítnahm - dann werden Sie verstehn, wie ofË ich bel- meinen Medirterrainier - Arbeíten an Síe und an WestausÈralien denke. lJenn Síe Prof tr{oolnough sehn, so grussen Sie ihr und seine Frau herzlich und Sie selbst mit Ihrer Gattin grüsse ich auch aus die weíten Ferne. 23r

No. 374 From C. K. üIentworth, Honolulu, Hawaii' Geological Engineer, Oct' 9, 1939 Board of l^Iater Supply. Dear Mr. JuÈson, Thank you for the copy of your Paper on shore platforms ' whích I have Just received. I was much interested fn ft, when lt appeared in the Journal of Geomorphology and wrote a couple of pãã"" of cornnenËs on it, which I believe may apPear in the forth- lorf"g lssue of the Journal. It aPpears to me that there ls much ín common betr¡een some of the platfontrs you described and those we have on Oahu, and I hope you are able to contlnue your study along thls l1ne. I am sending, under separate cover, complete copies of several of my recent PaPers as requested in your leÈter ' Kind regards. ' Sorry for the delay.

No. 375 Irom I^I. C. A. I'{ílkinson, PresÈon, Victoria' May 16, 1911 Dear Mr. Jutson, you were very kind to wrlte that nlce letter, and send Èhose books. The first is nearly Ì^rorn out by frequent reference as you wasted no words and I always find some thlng fresh' IreallywonderhowyoufindtimeÈodosuchwork.IÈmakes being here so long and passing over so much' I me feel so lazy I'Yarra" sa!ü Dr. Haltrs notice of your in the Australaslan. Any tine you ríng uP Itll be able to tel1 you whether I can go or not, but this time of year it is rather risky to name a day a head, and the afternoons are so short one cannot go far before dark. I am sorry that you have had trouble in Ëhe famtly and hope you are through wíth it.

hlestern Australia. No. 37 6 From I{. E . I{ood, Perth ' InsPecting Engineer, Nov' 18' 1925 [RatlwaY] DePartmenÈ. Dear Sir, Your letter of 10th lnst has just arrived and ín answering same no\^t 1t fs to assure you that iÈ (your letter) did not miscarry ín case you have to hTait ar¡hile for the copy of uy PaPer you wish to have sent Èo You. I only left Perth on Monday night last - 16th lnst ' and will not be back there probably untll just before Xmas' The very few Copie! f.tt are locked up & my keys are wíth me 232 so I cannot well send it earlier but will do so on my return. I^Ihen the Paper was printed I had no idea that the call r¿ould be so great or r,¡ould gladly have got more. As ít |s I w111 probably get more prínted later on if the question raised therein continues to interest many scientlfic people. So far as your copy is concerned you are welcome to that and to many more íf you requlred them. You do not knor¡ it - of course - bur Bulletin No. 6l of the I{. A. Geology series, written by you is one of my treasured possessions; carrled for scores of thous- ands of miles; rather dog-eared, no\¡7 carefully rebound & reposing in my bookcase in my Perth Offíce. The I^Iater Supply problems, including old river courses, altered outfalls of same have interested me for years; & your PaPer seemed to just fill the gap I found exlsted. Also St. SmiÈhs Bulletin dealing l-argely v¡ith the S l.trestern Corner of the State had been both useful and keenly interesting. Now'so far as my paper ís concerned. Vtre have a good committee aÈ ¡¡ork but are handicapped by all very extremely busy men with other lmportant thíngs to do. To get to the bottom of the Salt problem we would be in a better position if we all had a year off Ëo get daÈa etc. The subjecÈ is vast; but I find that Mr. Lockhardt Jack of South Aust. has broken a lot of the ground; & wíthout one knowing of the others views & work therein have arrived at the same conclusíons from quíte independent data.

No. 377 Trom trI. E. I,trood. Bunbury, llestern Australia' Feb. 13, 1932 Dear Mr. Jutsont Please forgíve me not writing earlíer to acknowledge the receipt of your very lnteresting pamphlet which arrlved ok and duly The reasonlng and details concerning the "raísed bàãches""ppr.ãi"t"a. particularly interested me as I knew a great deal of the Coast líne dealt wl-th by you wheri Ilíved at lJilllarnsto\'rn duríng the years 1897 to 1902 & used to flsh & shoot from Newport to Little River & did a good deal of Engineering survey hTork near Crib polnt & also at Queenscliff & Near Lorne. My reason for putÈing off writJ-ng r^las ËhaÈ I prepared & read a paper in Perth at a meetlng of Èhe I{. A. Branch of the Instltu- Èion of Engrs. ln Septr. last on the occurrence of Sal-t in I^Iater supplíes in trre South trIest Dívn. of Il. A. The paper was very well reàeived & a great deal of it was extracted to send to Sydney to be printed 1n Engrg. Journal as lt was orlginal & LmPortant data. Llhether tt vrtll be printed or not depends on the Prlntlng Committee and as Ëhey are in the East & possibly do not consider the features of great importance ít may not be printed; or alternatively Èhey may wait untl-l short of oÈher matter. I hoped that by January it would be printed & I hoped to be able to send you a copy but so far I have not heard anything of it. 233

Should they decide to not use tt I propose to lnclude the data rlrÍth other matter not so purely of engineering l-nteresÈ & prepare a paper for the Royal Soc. W. A. Some of the daÈa was partícularly good as it proved a rlsing water table of salt \¡later at Narrogin amounÈíng to 40 ft. in 17 years & the rest levels' when it was just a fe¡¿ feet below the surface - 3 to B ft. - & trstreamtt the movement of the r^rater conformed to flow. I screened about 44 photos & the daÈa dealt with sa1È íncrease in dans, wells, rivers & one fresh lake between Chidlow l'Iells and Albany. Should the prínts come to hand I will send you one as early as possible. NB I have had qui-te a l-ot to do wiÈh Blatchford thls last year' chiefly wtËh reference to the lime-sand on the sea coast from Karridale-Northwards. It ts proposed to use Èhem for correcting the acidíty of the cold land in the South ÍJest. So far however nothing has been done beyond testing. I showed Blatchford a copy of that plan I sent you showing the novement of flood vlaters east of the Darling Range. He de- síred a copy also & I prepared one; & under date of 3.2.32 he stated in a letter of acknowledgement that I'it is of much interest & has been filed for future reference (G.S. 9/32.).1'

No. 379 Frou !1. E. hrood. Dec. 26, 1934

Dear Mr. Jutsont Your letter of 6th lnst. came to hand last week and the parcel for the Messengerrs Exchange arrived about a fortnlght ago. Please accept my sincere thanks for the kind thought and actíon 1n seelng that a copy of your revísed Bulletín No. 61 reached me. Had you not taken the personal interest 1n lÈ you díd I feel certain that a copy would not have reached me as there is no one of my many friends rernalning in the I'J. A. Geological Divl-slon nor¡r that Mr. Blatchford has resigned. As one gets well along ln years it ts very difflcult to rnake new friends and, as I arn líving away f rorn Perth no¡¿ I am losing touch with all of those with whom I had a conmon interest of any sorË. This particularly applíes Èo the geologlcal friends I had; although l-t 1s notfceable with engineering friends also. One of the latter who left here 2L years & reÈurned to Sydney ís the only one wíth whom I correspond and we write regularly once a year. T am 62 years old no¡^r and have almost declded to retlre before next Xmas & build myself a small shack at Fllnders Bay 2-Ll2 miles fron the lighthouse. (Leeuin) There I can, whí1e healÈh and strength remaln to me, fish, write a little of those things I have taken part in & wl-th a horse and cart probably stlll Èake an actlve interest ín the geologícal features wlthin perhaps say, 50 miles of the mouth 234 of the River Blackwood. A lot of the l-lmestone country there is rtddled wiÈh caves nany of whlch are noI^r open ín large sectlons exposed on the Cllff Side. Large & small patches of old sandstone formations cling to the granite country rock and fossils are to be found for the seekl-ng. If I do not flnd lt too lonely llving by nyself lt l1rill be very pleasant; I propose to give it a trial as I detest the city or big tor"ns having been born in the bush & without a while chíld playnate till 11 years of age. The bush stíl1 ca1ls deeply & while health remains to me will no doubt claim most of my remaining tlme. I trust that our correspondence will not quiÈe cease yet; and I nor¡/ regret that I díd not continue corresponding with Col. Longley of the Rockfellar Foundation Institute who asked me in the last letter he wrote me from Melbourne in January 1924 to keeP hím advised of the progress made with rny lnvestigation of airborne sea-salt, whlch he thought would be very important if proved to be happening in material quantlty. The hígh chlorine ContenÈ of our I^I. A. ground srater had given him a lot of thought when deallng with the Swan Rlver Algae trouble; & on enquiry l-nto it ln 1923 found that I was the only engineer here at least that offered an explanation. NoE that he agrees with it by the way but thaË it hTas very important if it hlas correct. I was far too busy then to keep up the correspondence & waíted until I thought I would be able to send results of the investl-ga- tíons by the Royal Soc. Cornmlttee. That took nearly 6 years; & I then felt it was too late to attemPt to fo11o\^7 up Col. Longleys 6 year o1d invítation to not cease corresPonding. I{ishing you the ComplimenÈs of the Season, 235

J. T. Jutson

Index of Correspondence

1898-19s0

Andrews, E. C., 1-3 Dudley, L. R., 84

Andrews, John, 3 Edward, 4., 85 t'The Argus" Editor, 3-4 Bdwards, E. R., 85-86

Ball, L. C., 4-5 Ellfs, H. A., 86

BaragwanaÈh, I,{., 5 Fairbridge, R. I^1., 86-87

Barrett, F. E., 6 Fenneman, N. M., 87-BB Bartrum, J. A., 6-8 Fenner, C., 88-90

Binney, E. V., I Forman, F. G., 90

Blackwelder, E., 8-9 C,entillí, J., 90-92

81-atchf ord, T. , 9 Geog. Soc. of N.S.tr{. 92

Bryan, K., 10-13 Gregory, J. I^I. , 93-94 Cazaux, G. , 1-3-14 Hall, T. S., 94 Chapman, F., L4-25 Halligan, G. E., 94-96

Clarke, E. deC., 25-54 Hart, T. S., 96-97

Colliver, F. C., 54-55 Herbert, D. 4., 97

Cotton, C. A., 55 Holmes, J. M. , 97-100 Coulson, 4., 56-67 Honman, C. S., 100-103 crafÈ, F. A., 67 Howchin, W., 103

Crawford, ll., 67-7L James, 4., 103-104

David, T. I,\I. E., 7L-72 Jobberns, G., 104-105

Davis, A. H., 83 Johnson, D., 105-106

Davis, W. M., 72-83 Jones, O. T., 106 236

Jutson, J. T., Èo: Jutson, J. T., to (conttd)

Argus, The Editor, 106-108 Geelong CiÈy Engineer' L73

Australian Geographer, The Hall1gan, G. H. L73-L75 Editor, 108-109 ' Holmes, J. M. ,L75-L76 8a11, L. C., 109 Honman, C. S. J-77 Bartrum, J. A., 109-111 ' James, 4., I77-L78 Bryan, K., 111 Jobberns, G., 178 Cazaux, M. G., 111-112 Jones, O. T., L79 Celebration Gold Mine, Chair- man,112-113 Keble, R. A. , L79 Chapman, F., 113-116 King, L. C., 179-180 Clarke, E. deC., LI6-I46 Lands Dept., Víctoria, 180-181

Colliver, F. C., 146-147 Lewis, A. N., 181-182

Couun. Forestry Dept. 147-L48 Marks, E. O., 182-184

Cotton, C. A., 148 Murray, H. W., 184 Coulson, 4., 148-161 Neild, C., 184-185

Crawford, W., 162 Reit Lowe, C., van, 185

C. S. I.R. , The Secretary, Royal Engineers, England, The L62-L63 Secretary, 185-186

Davls, lt. M., r63-L66 Sharp, H. S., 186

Defence Dept., Melb., 166 Skeats, E. 4., 186

Edwards, E. R. , L67 State Rivers & lJater SuPPlY Cornm., Melb., 186-187 E llis, H. A. , 167-168 stillvrel1, F. 4., L87 Fairbridgê, R. I^I. 168 ' Sussmilch, C. 4., 187-188 tr'enneman, N. M. , 168-169 Teale, E. A., 188-189 Fenner, C., 169-171 Tíng, S. , 189 Gentilli, J , r7l-r73 237

Jutson, J. T., Èo (conttd) Sharp, H. S., 2L2

Uníversity of Melbourne, The Shepherd, W. M., 2L2-2L4 Registrar, 190-191 SÍmpson, E. S., 2I4-2L5 Voisey, A. H., 191-193 Singleton, F. A., 2L5-217 !'Ialther, J., 194-195 Skeats, E. 4., 2L7 tr{entworth, C. I(., 195-196 Stillwell, F. L., 2L7-2I8 I^Iood, tr{. 8., L96 Sussnilch, C. A., 2I8-2L9

Kappler, R. G., L97 Taylor, D. R., 2I9 Keith, 4., 197-198 Taylor, G., 2L9-220 KiÈson, A. E., 199-200 Teale, E. O., 220-22L

Lewis, A. N., 2OI Ting, S., 22I-222

Lightfoot, G., 20L-202 Tisdale, G. I{. , 222

Mahony, D., 202 Tobin, A. E., 222 Marks, E. 0., 203-205 Ull-ah, J., 222-223

Mawson, D., 2O5 University of Melbourne, 223

Maze, I^I. H., 206 Voísey, A. H., 223-227

Neild, C., 223 trIalther, J., 227-23I OfMalley, G. J., 206 l,Ientr¿orth, C. K. , 231 Ongley, M., 206 trIilkinson, I.I. C. 4., 231

Parr, N. J., 207 I,Jood, VJ. E., 23I-234

Premierr s Department, 207-2OB

RaggaÈÈ, H., 208-209

Rishbeth, O. H. T., 209

RoberÈson, E. J., 209-2L2