Gnuplot 4.4 an Interactive Plotting Program Thomas Williams & Colin Kelley
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gnuplot 4.4 An Interactive Plotting Program Thomas Williams & Colin Kelley Version 4.4 organized by: Hans-Bernhard Br¨oker, Ethan A Merritt, and others Major contributors (alphabetic order): Hans-Bernhard Br¨oker John Campbell Robert Cunningham David Denholm Gershon Elber Roger Fearick Carsten Grammes Lucas Hart Lars Hecking Thomas Koenig David Kotz Ed Kubaitis Russell Lang Timoth´eeLecomte Alexander Lehmann Alexander Mai Ethan A Merritt Petr Mikul´ık Carsten Steger Tom Tkacik Jos Van der Woude Alex Woo James R. Van Zandt Johannes Zellner Copyright c 1986 - 1993, 1998, 2004 Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley Copyright c 2004 - 2011 various authors Mailing list for comments: [email protected] Mailing list for bug reports: [email protected] Web access (preferred): http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuplot This manual was originally prepared by Dick Crawford. 12 Nov 2011 Version 4.4.4 2 gnuplot 4.4 CONTENTS Contents I Gnuplot 15 1 Copyright 15 2 Introduction 15 3 Seeking-assistance 17 4 New features introduced in version 4.4 17 4.1 Internationalization . 17 4.2 Transparency . 17 4.3 Volatile Data . 17 4.4 Canvas size . 18 4.5 New plot elements . 18 4.6 New or revised terminal drivers . 18 4.7 New smoothing algorithms . 18 5 Backwards compatibility 19 6 Batch/Interactive Operation 19 7 Command-line-editing 20 8 Comments 20 9 Coordinates 20 10 Datastrings 21 11 Enhanced text mode 21 12 Environment 22 13 Expressions 23 13.1 Functions . 24 13.1.1 Elliptic integrals . 26 13.1.2 Random number generator . 26 13.1.3 Value . 27 13.2 Operators . 27 13.2.1 Unary . 27 13.2.2 Binary . 27 13.2.3 Ternary . 28 13.3 Gnuplot-defined variables . 29 13.4 User-defined variables and functions . 29 CONTENTS gnuplot 4.4 3 14 Fonts 30 14.1 Cairo (pdfcairo, pngcairo, wxt terminals) . 30 14.2 Gd (png, gif, jpeg terminals) . 30 14.3 Postscript (also encapsulated postscript *.eps) . 31 15 Glossary 31 16 Linetype, colors, and styles 32 16.1 Colorspec . 33 16.1.1 Rgbcolor variable . 33 16.1.2 Linecolor variable . 34 17 Mouse input 34 17.1 Bind . 34 17.1.1 Bind space . 35 17.2 Mouse variables . 36 18 Plotting 36 19 Start-up 37 20 String constants and string variables 37 21 Substitution and Command line macros 37 21.1 Substitution of system commands in backquotes . 38 21.2 Substitution of string variables as macros . 38 21.3 String variables, macros, and command line substitution . 38 22 Syntax 39 22.1 Quote Marks . 40 23 Time/Date data 40 II Plotting styles 41 24 Boxerrorbars 41 25 Boxes 42 26 Boxxyerrorbars 43 27 Candlesticks 43 28 Circles 44 29 Dots 44 30 Filledcurves 45 4 gnuplot 4.4 CONTENTS 31 Financebars 45 32 Fsteps 46 33 Histeps 46 34 Histograms 46 34.1 Newhistogram . 49 34.2 Automated iteration over multiple columns . 49 35 Image 49 35.1 Transparency . 50 35.2 Image failsafe . 51 36 Impulses 51 37 Labels 51 38 Lines 52 39 Linespoints 52 40 Points 52 41 Steps 52 42 Rgbalpha 53 43 Rgbimage 53 44 Vectors 53 45 Xerrorbars 53 46 Xyerrorbars 54 47 Yerrorbars 54 48 Xerrorlines 54 49 Xyerrorlines 55 50 Yerrorlines 55 51 3D (surface) plots 55 III Commands 56 52 Cd 56 CONTENTS gnuplot 4.4 5 53 Call 57 54 Clear 57 55 Evaluate 57 56 Exit 58 57 Fit 58 57.1 Adjustable parameters . 60 57.2 Short introduction . 60 57.3 Error estimates . 61 57.3.1 Statistical overview . 61 57.3.2 Practical guidelines . 62 57.4 Control . 63 57.4.1 Control variables . 63 57.4.2 Environment variables . 63 57.5 Multi-branch . 63 57.6 Starting values . 64 57.7 Tips . 64 58 Help 65 59 History 65 60 If 65 61 Iteration 66 62 Load 66 63 Lower 67 64 Pause 67 65 Plot 68 65.1 Axes . 68 65.2 Data . 69 65.2.1 Binary . 70 65.2.2 Binary general . 70 65.2.3 Array . 71 65.2.4 Record . 71 65.2.5 Skip . 71 65.2.6 Format . 72 65.2.7 Endian . 72 65.2.8 Filetype . 72 65.2.8.1 Avs . 72 6 gnuplot 4.4 CONTENTS 65.2.8.2 Edf . 72 65.2.8.3 Png . 73 65.2.9 Keywords . 73 65.2.9.1 Scan . 73 65.2.9.2 Transpose . 73 65.2.9.3 Dx, dy, dz . 73 65.2.9.4 Flipx, flipy, flipz . 73 65.2.9.5 Origin . 73 65.2.9.6 Center . 73 65.2.9.7 Rotate . 74 65.2.9.8 Perpendicular . 74 65.2.9.9 Binary examples . 74 65.2.10 Every . 74 65.2.11 Example datafile . 75 65.2.12 Index . 75 65.2.13 Smooth . 76 65.2.13.1 Acsplines . 76 65.2.13.2 Bezier . 77 65.2.13.3 Csplines . 77 65.2.13.4 Sbezier . 77 65.2.13.5 Unique . 77 65.2.13.6 Frequency . ..