Enantiomeric Recognition and Separation by Chiral Nanoparticles
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Protocols and Tips in Protein Purification
Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Protocols and tips in protein purification or How to purify protein in one day Second edition 2018 2 Contents I. Introduction 7 II. General sequence of protein purification procedures 9 Preparation of equipment and reagents 9 Preparation and use of stock solutions 10 Chromatography system 11 Preparation of chromatographic columns 13 Preparation of crude extract (cell free extract or soluble proteins fraction) 17 Pre chromatographic steps 18 Chromatographic steps 18 Sequence of operations during IEC and HIC 18 Ion exchange chromatography (IEC) 19 Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) 21 Gel filtration (SEC) 22 Affinity chromatography 24 Purification of His-tagged proteins 25 Purification of GST-tagged proteins 26 Purification of MBP-tagged proteins 26 Low affinity chromatography 26 III. “Common sense” strategy in protein purification 27 General principles and tips in “common sense” strategy 27 Algorithm for development of purification protocol for soluble over expressed protein 29 Brief scheme of purification of soluble protein 36 Timing for refined purification protocol of soluble over -expressed protein 37 DNA-binding proteins 38 IV. Protocols 41 1. Preparation of the stock solutions 41 2. Quick and effective cell disruption and preparation of the cell free extract 42 3. Protamin sulphate (PS) treatment 43 4. Analytical ammonium sulphate cut (AM cut) 43 5. Preparative ammonium sulphate cut 43 6. Precipitation of proteins by ammonium sulphate 44 7. Recovery of protein from the ammonium sulphate precipitate 44 8. Analysis of solubility of expression 45 9. Analysis of expression for low expressed His tagged protein 46 10. Bio-Rad protein assay Sveta’s easy protocol 47 11. -
Biocatalytic Process Design and Reaction Engineering* This Work Is Licensed Under a ** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 R
R. Wohlgemuth, Biocatalytic Process Design and Reaction Engineering, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q., 31 (2) 131–138 (2017) 131 Biocatalytic Process Design and Reaction Engineering* This work is licensed under a ** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 R. Wohlgemuth International License Sigma-Aldrich, Member of Merck Group, doi: 10.15255/CABEQ.2016.1029 Industriestrasse 25, CH-9470 Buchs, Switzerland Review Received: November 2, 2016 Accepted: May 31, 2017 Biocatalytic processes occurring in nature provide a wealth of inspiration for manu- facturing processes with high molecular economy. The molecular and engineering as- pects of bioprocesses converting available raw materials into valuable products are there- fore of much industrial interest. Modular reaction platforms and straightforward working paths, from the fundamental understanding of biocatalytic systems in nature to the design and reaction engineering of novel biocatalytic processes, have been important for short- ening development times. Building on broadly applicable reaction platforms and tools for designing biocatalytic processes and their reaction engineering are key success factors. Process integration and intensification aspects are illustrated with biocatalytic processes to numerous small-molecular weight compounds, which have been prepared by novel and highly selective routes, for applications in the life sciences and biomedical sciences. Key words: molecular economy, retrosynthetic analysis, route selection, biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis, biocatalysts, biocatalytic process assembly, -
Improved Catalytic Performance of Carrier-Free Immobilized Lipase by Advanced Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates Technology
Improved Catalytic Performance of Carrier-Free Immobilized Lipase by Advanced Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates Technology Xia Jiaojiao Jiangsu University of Science and Technology: Jiangsu University Yan Yan Jiangsu University Bin Zou ( [email protected] ) Jiangsu University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-8776 Adesanya Idowu Onyinye Jiangsu University Research Article Keywords: lipase, carrier-free, immobilization, ionic liquid, stability Posted Date: May 24th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-505612/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/20 Abstract The cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are one of the technologies that quickly immobilize the enzyme without a carrier. This carrier-free immobilization method has the advantages of simple operation, high reusability and low cost. In this study, ionic liquid with amino group (1-aminopropyl-3- methylimidazole bromideIL) was used as the novel functional surface molecule to modify industrialized lipase (Candida rugosa lipase, CRL). The enzymatic properties of the prepared CRL-FIL-CLEAs were investigated. The activity of CRL-FIL-CLEAs (5.51 U/mg protein) was 1.9 times higher than that of CRL- CLEAs without surface modication (2.86 U/mg protein). After incubation at 60℃ for 50 min, CRL-FIL- CLEAs still maintained 61% of its initial activity, while the value for CRL-CLEAs was only 22%. After repeated use for ve times, compared with the 22% residual activity of CRL-CLEAs, the value of CRL-FIL- CLEAs was 51%. Further kinetic analysis indicated that the Km values for CRL-FIL-CLEAs and CRL-CLEAs were 4.80 mM and 8.06 mM, respectively, which was inferred that the anity to substrate was increased after modication. -
Chiral Resolution Screening and Purification Kits Brochure
Maybridge Chiral Resolution Screening and Purification Kits Offering rapid access to optically pure chiral compounds Maybridge Chiral Resolution Screening and Purification Kits Introduction Diastereomeric crystallization is a commonly used effective process to obtain optically pure chiral compounds from their racemic mixtures. However, choosing the optimal conditions for the process; e.g., combination of resolving agents and solvents, is time-consuming, tedious and labor-intensive. Maybridge Chiral Resolution Screening and Purification kits provide scientists with a quick and systematic approach to find the best separation conditions under which the target compound can be isolated with the highest yield and optical purity. Key features and benefits • Rapid Screening – the kits include 384 different combinations of resolving agents and solvents, increasing the chances of finding the optimal separation conditions • High Performance – development time reduced to one day • Efficient – as little as 0.4mmol of racemate required • Ready to Use – resolving agents and solvents are pre-dispensed in 96-well plates • Convenient – the screening kits provide positive results identifiable by a quick visual or optical inspection, and the purification and recovery kit allows easy recovery and purification of the enantiomers Types of Chiral Resolution Screening and Purification Kits Amount Plate Product name Description Selection guide racemate Product code type required Maybridge Chiral • 4 x 96 plates containing 32 different acidic Identifies optimal -
Separation of the Mixtures of Chiral Compounds by Crystallization
1 Separation of the Mixtures of Chiral Compounds by Crystallization Emese Pálovics2, Ferenc Faigl1,2 and Elemér Fogassy1* 1Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2Research Group for Organic Chemical Technology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 1. Introduction Reaction of a racemic acid or base with an optically active base or acid gives a pair of diastereomeric salts. Members of this pair exhibit different physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility, melting point, boiling point, adsorbtion, phase distribution) and can be separated owing to these differences. The most important method for the separation of enantiomers is the crystallization. This is the subject of this chapter. Preparation of enantiopure (ee~100%) compounds is one of the most important aims both for industrial practice and research. Actually, the resolution of racemic compounds (1:1 mixture of molecules having mirror-imagine relationship) still remains the most common method for producing pure enantiomers on a large scale. In these cases the enantiomeric mixtures or a sort of their derivatives are separated directly. This separation is based on the fact that the enantiomeric ratio in the crystallized phase differs from the initial composition. In this way, obtaining pure enantiomers requires one or more recrystallizations. (Figure 1). The results of these crystallizations (recrystallizations) of mixtures of chiral compounds differ from those observed at the achiral compounds. Expectedly, not only the stereoisomer in excess can be crystallized, because the mixture of enantiomers (with mirror image relationship) follows the regularities established from binary melting point phase diagrams, and ternary composition solubility diagrams, respectively, as a function of the starting enantiomer proportion. -
II. Stereochemistry 5
B.Sc.(H) Chemistry Semester - II Core Course - III (CC-III) Organic Chemistry - I II. Stereochemistry 5. Physical and Chemical Properties of Stereoisomers Dr. Rajeev Ranjan University Department of Chemistry Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi 1 Syllabus & Coverage Syllabus II Stereochemistry: Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions. Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and syn-anti isomerism, E/Z notations with Cahn Ingold and Prelog (CIP) rules for determining absolute configuration. Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres, Distereoisomers, Meso structures, Racemic mixture. Resolution of Racemic mixtures. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations. Coverage: 1. Types of Isomers : Comparing Structures 2. Optical Activity 3. Racemic Mixtures : Separation of Racemic Mixtures 4. Enantiomeric Excess and Optical Purity 5. Relative and Absolute Configuration 6. Physical and Chemical Properties of Stereoisomers 2 Stereochemistry Types of Isomers Dr. Rajeev Ranjan 3 Stereochemistry Determining the Relationship Between Two Non-Identical Molecules Dr. Rajeev Ranjan 4 Stereochemistry Comparing Structures: Are the structures connected the same? yes no Are they mirror images? Constitutional Isomers yes no Enantiomers Enantiomers Is there a plane of symmetry? All chiral centers will be opposite between them. yes no Meso Diastereomers superimposable Dr. Rajeev Ranjan 5 Stereochemistry Optical Activity: • The chemical and physical properties of two enantiomers are identical except in their interaction with chiral substances. • The physical property that differs is the behavior when subjected to plane-polarized light ( this physical property is often called an optical property). • Plane-polarized (polarized) light is light that has an electric vector that oscillates in a single plane. -
Effect of the Enantiomeric Ratio of Eutectics on the Results and Products of the Reactions Proceeding with the Participation Of
Perspective Effect of the Enantiomeric Ratio of Eutectics on the Results and Products of the Reactions Proceeding with the Participation of Enantiomers and Enantiomeric Mixtures Emese Pálovics *, Dorottya Fruzsina Bánhegyi and Elemér Fogassy Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (D.F.B.); [email protected] (E.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +36-1-4632101 Received: 3 August 2020; Accepted: 14 September 2020; Published: 21 September 2020 Abstract: This perspective is focused on the main parameters determining the results of crystallization of enantiomers or enantiomeric mixtures. It was shown that the ratio of supramolecular and helical associations depends on the eutectic composition of the corresponding enantiomeric mixture. The M and P ratios together with the self-disproportionation (SDE) of enantiomers define the reaction of the racemic compound with the resolving agent. Eventually, each chiral molecule reacts with at least two conformers with different degrees of M and P helicity. The combined effect of the configuration, charge distribution, constituent atoms, bonds, flexibility, and asymmetry of the molecules influencing their behavior was also summarized. Keywords: chiral molecules; enantiomeric separation; self-disproportionation of enantiomers; supramolecular associations; helical structure; eutectic composition 1. Introduction The preparation of asymmetric (chiral) compounds (enantiomers) is one of the main goals of research, industry and medicine. The preparation of a given enantiomer is possible in several ways, for example by selective synthesis, which requires the separation of the chiral catalyst or the enantiomers of the racemic compound, and in which case a resolving agent (like a chiral catalyst) may be required. -
Genl:VE 1970 © World Health Organization 1970
Nathan B. Eddy, Hans Friebel, Klaus-Jiirgen Hahn & Hans Halbach WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION .MONDIALE DE LA SANT~ GENl:VE 1970 © World Health Organization 1970 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless governmental agencies or learned and professional societies may reproduce data or excerpts or illustrations from them without requesting an authorization from the World Health Organization. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications in toto, application should be made to the Division of Editorial and Reference Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. Authors alone are responsible for views expressed in signed articles. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Director-General of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. © Organisation mondiale de la Sante 1970 Les publications de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante beneficient de la protection prevue par les dispositions du Protocole n° 2 de la Convention universelle pour la Protection du Droit d'Auteur. Les institutions gouvernementales et les societes savantes ou professionnelles peuvent, toutefois, reproduire des donnees, des extraits ou des illustrations provenant de ces publications, sans en demander l'autorisation a l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante. Pour toute reproduction ou traduction integrate, une autorisation doit etre demandee a la Division des Services d'Edition et de Documentation, Organisation mondiale de la Sante, Geneve, Suisse. -
Seminar on Drug Chirality
Drug chirality: Stereoselectivity in the action and disposition of anaesthetic agents Isomerism Isomers: Drugs with the same chemical composition and molecular formula. Isomers Structural Stereoisomers isomers •Constitutional / Structural isomerism: Same molecular formula but different chemical structure as the arrangement of atoms is different. Stereoisomerism: Same molecular formula and chemical structure but a different configuration (i.e. different three dimensional spatial arrangement of their atoms) Two types: 1. Optical isomers 2. Geometrical isomers Optical isomerism Enantiomers: A pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Cause of enantiomerism: presence of a chiral centre. Physiochemical properties ( solubility, melting and boiling points, ionization constant) are identical. Separation is difficult. Diastereomers: Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other and are not enantiomeric. Physiochemical properties are different. Separation is easy. What is chirality? Chiral - derived from a Greek word chiros, meaning handedness. A molecule or object that is not superimposable on its mirror image is said to be chiral. Chiral centre / asymmetric carbon / stereogenic centre – A carbon atom attached to four different substituents. • Achiral molecules usually contain a plane of symmetry but chiral molecules do not. • A plane of symmetry is a mirror plane that cuts the molecule in half, so that one half of the molecule is a reflection of the other half. • With chiral compounds, the plane of the polarized light is rotated through an angle . A compound that rotates polarized light is said to be optically active. •With achiral compounds, the light that passes through the compound remains unchanged. A compound that does not change the plane of polarized light is said to be optically inactive. -
Cross-Linked Protein Crystal Technology in Bioseparation and Biocatalytic Applications
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aaltodoc Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology Technical Biochemistry Report 1/2004 Espoo 2004 TKK-BE-8 CROSS-LINKED PROTEIN CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGY IN BIOSEPARATION AND BIOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS Antti Vuolanto Dissertation for the degree of Doctor in Science in Technology to be presented with due permission of the Department of Chemical Technology for public examination and debate in Auditorium KE 2 (Komppa Auditorium) at Helsinki University of Technology (Espoo, Finland) on the 20th of August, 2004, at 12 noon. Helsinki University of Technology Department of Chemical Technology Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering Teknillinen korkeakoulu Kemian osasto Bioprosessitekniikan laboratorio Distribution: Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering P.O. Box 6100 FIN-02015 HUT Tel. +358-9-4512541 Fax. +358-9-462373 E-mail: [email protected] ©Antti Vuolanto ISBN 951-22-7176-1 (printed) ISBN 951-22-7177-X (pdf) ISSN 0359-6621 Espoo 2004 Vuolanto, Antti. Cross-linked protein crystal technology in bioseparation and biocatalytic applications. Espoo 2004, Helsinki University of Technology. Abstract Chemical cross-linking of protein crystals form an insoluble and active protein matrix. Cross-linked protein crystals (CLPCs) have many excellent properties including high volumetric activity and stability. In this thesis CLPC technology was studied in bioseparation and biocatalytic applications. A novel immunoaffinity separation material, cross-linked antibody crystals (CLAC), was developed in this thesis for enantiospecific separation of a chiral drug, finrozole. Previously, the preparation of an antibody Fab fragment ENA5His capable of enantiospecific affinity separation of the chiral drug has been described. -
Consensus for the Management of Analgesia, Sedation and Delirium in Adults with COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ARTIGO ESPECIAL Manuel Donato1,2,3 , Federico Carlos Carini4 , María Julia Meschini5, Ignacio López Saubidet6 , Consenso para el manejo de la analgesia, sedación Adela Goldberg7, Marisol García Sarubio5, Daniela Olmos8, Rosa Reina5 em nombre del Comité de y delirium en adultos con síndrome de distrés Analgesia, Sedación y Delirium de la Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva respiratorio agudo por COVID-19 Consensus for the management of analgesia, sedation and delirium in adults with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome 1. Hospital General de Agudos José María Penna RESUMEN Sedación y Delirium de la Sociedad - Buenos Aires, Argentina. Argentina de Terapia Intensiva. 2. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Argentina – Objetivo: Proponer estrategias Resultados: Se acordaron Buenos Aires, Argentina. agile para este abordaje integral de 3. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria - recomendaciones y se desarrollaron la analgesia, sedación, delirium, Buenos Aires, Argentina. herramientas para asegurar un 4. Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires - Buenos implementación de movilidad abordaje integral de analgesia, Aires, Argentina. temprana e inclusión familiar del sedación, delirium, implementación 5. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General paciente con síndrome de dificultad San Martín - La Plata, Argentina. de movilidad temprana e inclusión respiratoria aguda por COVID-19, 6. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones familiar del paciente adulto con Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” - Buenos Aires, Argentina. considerando el alto riesgo de infección síndrome de dificultad respiratoria 7. Sanatorio de La Trinidad Mitre - Buenos Aires, que existe entre los trabajadores de Argentina. aguda por COVID-19. salud, el tratamiento humanitario 8. Hospital Municipal Príncipe de Asturias - Córdoba, Discusión: Ante el nuevo orden Argentina. -
Enantiomers & Diastereomers
Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chiral Molecules Ch. 5 - 1 1. Chirality & Stereochemistry An object is achiral (not chiral) if the object and its mirror image are identical Ch. 5 - 2 A chiral object is one that cannot be superposed on its mirror image Ch. 5 - 3 1A. The Biological Significance of Chirality Chiral molecules are molecules that cannot be superimposable with their mirror images O O ● One enantiomer NH causes birth defects, N O the other cures morning sickness O Thalidomide Ch. 5 - 4 HO NH HO OMe Tretoquinol OMe OMe ● One enantiomer is a bronchodilator, the other inhibits platelet aggregation Ch. 5 - 5 66% of all drugs in development are chiral, 51% are being studied as a single enantiomer Of the $475 billion in world-wide sales of formulated pharmaceutical products in 2008, $205 billion was attributable to single enantiomer drugs Ch. 5 - 6 2. Isomerisom: Constitutional Isomers & Stereoisomers 2A. Constitutional Isomers Isomers: different compounds that have the same molecular formula ● Constitutional isomers: isomers that have the same molecular formula but different connectivity – their atoms are connected in a different order Ch. 5 - 7 Examples Molecular Constitutional Formula Isomers C4H10 and Butane 2-Methylpropane Cl Cl C3H7Cl and 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane Ch. 5 - 8 Examples Molecular Constitutional Formula Isomers CH O CH C H O OH and 3 3 2 6 Ethanol Methoxymethane O OCH and 3 C H O OH 4 8 2 O Butanoic acid Methyl propanoate Ch. 5 - 9 2B. Stereoisomers Stereoisomers are NOT constitutional isomers Stereoisomers have their atoms connected in the same sequence but they differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space.