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Origin of Unusually High Rigidity in Selected Helical Coil Structures
Origin of Unusually High Rigidity in Selected Helical Coil Structures David Tom´anek1, ∗ and Arthur G. Every2 1Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA 2School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa (Dated: February 18, 2018) Using continuum elasticity theory, we describe the elastic behavior of helical coils with an asym- metric double-helix structure and identify conditions, under which they become very rigid. Theo- retical insight gained for macro-structures including a stretched telephone cord and an unsupported helical staircase is universal and of interest for the elastic behavior of helical structures on the micro- and nanometer scale. PACS numbers: 63.22.-m, 62.20.de, 62.25.Jk I. INTRODUCTION (a) (b) (c) Helical coil structures, ranging from a stretched tele- phone cord in Fig. 1(a) and an unsupported spiral stair- case in Fig. 1(b) on the macro-scale to DNA and proteins L = on the micro-scale abound in Nature. Since their elastic inner [H2+(4πR)2]½ behavior is governed by the same laws of Physics inde- stringer pendent of scale, insight obtained on the macro-scale will H axis H benefit the understanding of helical micro- and nanos- R tructures. An intriguing example of unusual high rigidity i on the macro-scale, which has remained unexplained to outer date, is the unsupported all-wooden spiral staircase in the stringer Loretto Chapel1 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, constructed Ro around 1878 and shown in Fig. 1(b). In the following we explore the elastic behavior of this structure using con- tinuum elasticity theory in order to identify the reason φ for its rigidity2{4. -
Top 10 Santa Fe Attractions
Top 10 Favorite Santa Fe Attractions We have put together a list of some of our favorite attractions in Santa Fe. However, a good way to “introduce” yourself to historic Santa Fe is to take the “City Different Tour” from The Sage Inn. “Santa Fe Sage Inn "City Different" Walking Tour provides a historical and cultural orientation to the wonders of Santa Fe. The hour and half tour of Santa Fe starts in the lobby of the Santa Fe Sage Inn. A short ride on the "Sage Coach" to the New Mexico State Capitol is where the tour begins. The tour will continue down Old Santa Fe Trail, traveling through the historic Barrio de Analco viewing the San Miguel Mission and the Loretto Chapel before arriving at the Santa Fe Plaza. You will explore historic sites including the La Fonda Hotel, the St. Francis Cathedral Basilica, and 109 E. Palace. On the plaza you will learn about the Palace of the Governors, the New Mexico Museum of Art and the distinctive architecture that makes Santa Fe so unique. The role of Santa Fe's three cultures Native American, Hispanic, Anglo in the development of what is now the "City Different" will be highlighted. Don't miss this opportunity to learn about the history of the nation's oldest capital.” You can also watch a video about the tour at http://santafesageinn.com/ Santa_Fe_Attractions/index.html Tours are available every Thursday, Friday, Saturday at 10:00 AM at The Sage Inn. (Meet in Lobby at 9:45am) The tour lasts approximately 1 ½ hours. -
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XII International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions– SAHC2020 The Column-less Stair at Loretto Chapel in Santa Fe: Strength Analysis Anita X. Sumali* *Biomedical Engineering Department Texas A&M University College Station, Texas, USA e-mail: [email protected], web page: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anita-sumali ABSTRACT A spiral staircase in Loretto Chapel in Santa Fe, New Mexico, has no center column to provide structural strength and stability. Some estimates say that the stair should have collapsed at first use. Yet, the stair has been used daily since its genesis in 1878. Explanations of the strength of the structure varied from “basic mechanics” to “miracle”. This article presents a stress analysis of the stair using a finite element model. The loading is 16 persons on steps 1, 3, 5, …, 31 of the stair (as shown in an old photograph), the weight of the stair, and the weight of the railing. Stress computation was performed with a finite element model built and run in Abaqus CAE (Dassault Systemme, 2016). The analysis shows that the center spiral is severely stressed. The maximum Von Mises stress, which occurs near the top of the center spiral, is 1.7MPa. The ultimate strength of strong Engelmann spruce is 2.0MPa. The absence of the center column is significant because a center column would reduce the maximum stress in the stair to about 0.3MPa. REFERENCES Angelillo, M. 2016. The Equilibrium of Helical Stairs Made of Monolithic Steps. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 10(6):675-87. Bobbin, J. 1998. “The Staircase” Review in TV Topics. -
What St. Joseph and Snakes Taught Me About Fatherhood
What St. Joseph and snakes taught me about fatherhood This will be the last column I write about the RV road trip our family took to Arizona and Utah this summer. I promise. I just have one more story that I want to tell, and then we’ll move on. When we started planning this trip a few years ago, one of the must-see, non-negotiable destinations was the Loretto Chapel in Santa Fe, New Mexico — home of the famous staircase of St. Joseph. As the legend goes, only after the chapel was completed in the late 1870s did the sisters who lived nearby and worshipped there realize that there was no way to access the choir loft. One day, in an answer to the sisters’ prayers, a man riding a donkey and carrying a toolbox came to the chapel seeking work. Months later, the staircase was built, and the carpenter was never seen again. The community was stunned by the design and construction of the spiral staircase. No nails were used, and there were no visible means of support. Even today, experts are baffled by its design. While it was the main attraction we had planned on our New Mexico detour, it wasn’t the only one. For months, our three sons were begging us to make time to stop at the American International Rattlesnake Museum in nearby Albuquerque. Yep, snakes. The museum bills itself as containing the largest and most diverse collection of live rattlesnakes in the world. Yippee! But as I wrote in my last column, our 1,800-mile trip to our first camping destination didn’t exactly go as planned, and there was no time to visit the miraculous staircase or the rattlesnake museum. -
Loretto Chapel Miraculous Staircase (As Seen on Unsolved Mysteries) 207 Old Santa Fe Trail Santa Fe, New Mexico
Loretto Chapel Miraculous Staircase (as seen on Unsolved Mysteries) 207 Old Santa Fe Trail Santa Fe, New Mexico Our Story begins in 1850 when the Vicariate of New Mexico was established under the first Bishop of the Territory, Bishop Jean Baptiste Lamy. Seeing a need to educate the girls of the Territory, Bishop Lamy sent a plea to Catholic teaching orders to open a school for girls. The Sisters of Loretto responded and sent six sisters to open the Loretto Academy. Having been recently under Mexican rule, the Territory of New Mexico was full of Spanish-speaking citizens, so the six had to learn the Spanish language and, after an arduous trip during which the Mother Superior died, finally arrived in Santa Fe and opened their school in 1853. By 1873, the Sisters were able to start the construction of a Chapel. Using the same French architect and builders as Saint Francis Cathedral Basilica, the Chapel of Our Lady of Light (as it was then known) was patterned after Archbishop Lamy’s favorite Sainte Chapelle in Paris. With its gothic-style architecture, the Chapel certainly would have stood out among the small adobe homes surrounding it at the time. Unfortunately, the architect died before access to the choir loft was built. Given the height of the loft and the small size of the Chapel, a staircase would have taken up too much floor space, thereby reducing the seating capacity to an unacceptably small level. Legend states that seeking guidance and help, the Sisters of Loretto prayed a nine day novena to St.