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THE HEART of EREBUS of HEART the Licensed Under a Creative Commons License 8 7 Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation. Foundation. Science National Program, Antarctic Commons. Wikimedia Griggs, J.D. Mt. Erebus. Photo courtesy of Nick Powell, U.S. U.S. Powell, Nick of courtesy Photo Erebus. Mt. of courtesy Photo lake. lava of view Aerial miles to the north? the to miles the lake. the be like volcanoes thousands of of thousands volcanoes like be suddenly bubbles up from inside inside from up bubbles suddenly How can a volcano in Antarctica Antarctica in volcano a can How overhead when a pocket of gas gas of pocket a when overhead Africa. But this seems strange. strange. seems this But Africa. “lava bombs,” or rocks that whiz whiz that rocks or bombs,” “lava rocks found near volcanoes in in volcanoes near found rocks lava lake sometimes spits out out spits sometimes lake lava The rocks found there are like like are there found rocks The find a lake of molten rock! This This rock! molten of lake a find Erebus is unusual in many ways. ways. many in unusual is Erebus volcano’s crater itself. There you’ll you’ll There itself. crater volcano’s But the real wonder is inside the the inside is wonder real the But AN UNUSUAL VOLCANO UNUSUAL AN THE HEART OF EREBUS OF HEART THE EREBUS OF HEART THE http://beyondpenguins.nsdl.org ABOUT THE AUTHOR Stephen Whitt Issue 9: Earth’s Changing Surface Director of Experience Programs (December 2008) Teaching and Learning COSI Copyright December 2008 – The Ohio State University Stephen Whitt has been with COSI since 1993, Supported by the National performing shows and demonstrations, writing Science Foundation exhibit signs and show scripts, and co-directing COSI’s floor faculty. He has written over 40 articles Licensed Under a Creative Commons license. THE HEART OF EREBUS for children’s science magazines, and his first book, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ BY STEPHEN WHITT called The Turtle and the Universe was published by Prometheus Books in 2008. Find this story and others at: DECEMBER 2008 http://beyondpenguins.nsdl.org/information.php?topic=stories Flesch - Kincaid RL = 5.5 10 5 wants to understand. understand. to wants for many years. years. many for chamber. Dr. Kyle calls it “the heart of the volcano.” It’s this heart that he most most he that heart this It’s volcano.” the of heart “the it calls Kyle Dr. chamber. toward the sky. Some of these steam pillars are enormous, and last last and enormous, are pillars steam these of Some sky. the toward what’s happening inside the volcano. Deep below is a place called the magma magma the called place a is below Deep volcano. the inside happening what’s into the air can freeze and create a sort of reverse icicle pointing pointing icicle reverse of sort a create and freeze can air the into about learn to lake the study Scientists bombs. lava out shoots sometimes are the towering pillars of frozen steam. Hot steam escaping directly directly escaping steam Hot steam. frozen of pillars towering the are . The lake bubbles and and bubbles lake The . magma called rock molten of up made is lake The to explore and photograph, and they stay surprisingly warm. Next Next warm. surprisingly stay they and photograph, and explore to have one. For the scientists, the lake is like a window into the Earth’s insides. Earth’s the into window a like is lake the scientists, the For one. have vents in the volcano’s sides. Dr. Kyle says the caves are great places places great are caves the says Kyle Dr. sides. volcano’s the in vents makes Erebus unique, Dr. Kyle says. There are only a few volcanoes on Earth that that Earth on volcanoes few a only are There says. Kyle Dr. unique, Erebus makes First there are ice caves, carved out by hot steam escaping from from escaping steam hot by out carved caves, ice are there First It’s not just the African cousins that make Erebus unusual. The lava lake also also lake lava The unusual. Erebus make that cousins African the just not It’s THE FIERY HEART OF A VOLCANO A OF HEART FIERY THE WALKING ON THE EDGE OF A DIFFERENT WORLD DIFFERENT A OF EDGE THE ON WALKING THE HEART OF EREBUS OF HEART THE EREBUS OF HEART THE THE HEART OF EREBUS THE HEART OF EREBUS As you might guess, this isn’t an Even though it is a hard place to work, Dr. Kyle is looking forward ordinary mountain. Erebus is a to the next field season. It will be his 37th on the mountain! He’s volcano. It is the most-southern most excited about a new way of “looking” inside the volcano using active volcano in the world! explosions. The explosions create waves that travel through the Scientists live and work near mountain and bounce off whatever might be inside. It’s a little like the volcano’s summit at a place the sound waves bats and dolphins use to find objects in the air and called the Mount Erebus Volcano water. The scientists hope that this will help them “see” inside the Observatory. Dr. Philip Kyle is one magma chamber. It would give Dr. Kyle his first real look into the of these scientists. He wants to heart of Erebus. understand what this volcano can Steam from the top of Mount Erebus. tell us about Earth’s insides. Photo courtesy of jeaneeem, Flickr. 13 2 9 6 Tim Vermaat, Mt. Erebus Image Gallery. Image Erebus Mt. Vermaat, Tim of courtesy Photo interior. cave Ice sea and ice. and sea rift. However, this crack in the Earth’s crust is covered year-round by by year-round covered is crust Earth’s the in crack this However, rift. called the Great East Africa Rift Valley. Mt. Erebus rises out of a similar similar a of out rises Erebus Mt. Valley. Rift Africa East Great the called picture of a rift in the Earth. The volcanoes in Africa arise from a place place a from arise Africa in volcanoes The Earth. the in rift a of picture and even split if you pull it from two sides, and you’ll have a good good a have you’ll and sides, two from it pull you if split even and and torn by forces from below. Think of the way dough might stretch stretch might dough way the of Think below. from forces by torn and . These cracks form when the land is stretched stretched is land the when form cracks These . rifts called Earth the in Volcanoes like Mt. Erebus and its African cousins arise from long cracks cracks long from arise cousins African its and Erebus Mt. like Volcanoes THE HEART OF EREBUS OF HEART THE THE HEART OF EREBUS OF HEART THE THE HEART OF EREBUS THE HEART OF EREBUS GLOSSARY Just off the continent of Antarctica is Ross Island. The tiny spot of land is ALTITUDE – the height above sea level home to a strange and lovely mountain named Erebus (er-uh-buh s). Near the mountain’s peak are some of the most unusual formations MAGMA – melted rock beneath the Earth’s surface found anywhere on the planet. There are caves carved RIFT – a large crack in the Earth’s surface that forms when the land is stretched and torn from ice, frozen columns of steam, and sharp, jagged, Mt. Erebus black rocks, poking up from beneath the ice. Smoke TRANSPORT – to move from one place to another and steam fill the air. Sometimes the ground Ross Island rumbles beneath your feet. Steaming, red-hot UNUSUAL – not ordinary rocks might fly over your head and crash onto ANTARCTICA the ice all around you. °S 60 1 14 12 3 time to adjust to the conditions. the to adjust to time a place to store equipment. store to place a a lower camp and then slowly move higher and higher. This gives their bodies bodies their gives This higher. and higher move slowly then and camp lower a One hut is for living and working. The other is used as a workshop and and workshop a as used is other The working. and living for is hut One deal with this by moving up the volcano in stages. They spend several days at at days several spend They stages. in volcano the up moving by this with deal The research station, called MEVO for short, is just two simple huts. huts. simple two just is short, for MEVO called station, research The gets. This makes it harder to breathe and can even make you sick. The scientists scientists The sick. you make even can and breathe to harder it makes This gets. and work on the side of the volcano itself! volcano the of side the on work and affects the scientists. The higher you go in the atmosphere, the thinner the air air the thinner the atmosphere, the in go you higher The scientists. the affects that far to Ross Island and the volcano. While they are there, they live live they there, are they While volcano. the and Island Ross to far that also also altitude high The winds! 100-miles-per-hour cause can Storms there. Antarctica and a research station called McMurdo. From there, it isn’t isn’t it there, From McMurdo. called station research a and Antarctica Weather doesn’t affect the volcano, but it does affect the scientists who work work who scientists the affect does it but volcano, the affect doesn’t Weather How do scientists like Dr.
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