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Cesifo Working Paper No. 3752 Category 2: Public Choice February 2012
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Krasa, Stefan; Polborn, Mattias Working Paper Elites or masses? A structural model of policy divergence, voter sorting and apparent polarization in U.S. presidential elections, 1972-2008 CESifo Working Paper, No. 3752 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Krasa, Stefan; Polborn, Mattias (2012) : Elites or masses? A structural model of policy divergence, voter sorting and apparent polarization in U.S. presidential elections, 1972-2008, CESifo Working Paper, No. 3752, Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55874 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. -
2019 January Newsletter
1 Visit our website at ALGOP.org The 2019 inauguration ceremony for Governor Ivey and Alabama’s SIGN UP HERE constitutional officers was held in Montgomery at the state capitol. Photo credit: WSFA JOIN OUR TEAM TODAY Dear Republican friends, I hope you and your family have had a great start to 2019. This has been an exciting month for the ALGOP. From the inauguration of Governor Ivey and our constitutional officers to preparing for the 2019 ALGOP Winter Dinner and Meeting - your state Party is staying busy. With the U.S. 2020 Senate Republican Primary Election quickly approaching, we are not taking one moment for granted as we prepare to replace liberal ‘One and Done’ Doug Jones with a strong conservative Alabama Republican. With your vote, and your help, we can continue to strengthen our GOP base and communicate Congratulations to ALGOP our conservative polices to voters all across Alabama. National Committeewoman Vicki Drummond on her election We look forward to seeing you at our 2019 ALGOP Winter as the Republican National Dinner and Meeting. (See Page 2) Please don’t hesitate to reach out to our Events Director, Shannon Whitt at Committee Secretary! [email protected] with any questions or concerns you have about this year’s dinner. CONNECT WITH US ON SOCIAL MEDIA It's great to be a Republican, Alabama Republican Party ALGOP Chairman Terry Lathan @alabamagop @chairmanlathan Mrs. Terry Lathan @ALGOP @ChairmanLathan Chairman, Alabama Republican Party CLICK HERE TO JOIN 2 PURCHASE YOUR TICKETS HERE About our keynote speaker: Colonel Tillman served as the nation’s 12th Presidential Pilot as the commander of Air Force One under President George W. -
May 20, 2020 Via Email to [email protected] The
Republican National Committee Ronna R. McDaniel Chairwoman 310 First Street, SE Washington, DC 20003 Office: (202) 863 8700 May 20, 2020 Via email to [email protected] The Honorable Aaron D. Ford Attorney General State of Nevada 100 North Carson Street Carson City, NV 89701 Re: Request for investigation of potential Nevada open public meeting violation and election irregularities Dear Attorney General Ford: Nevadans rightly prize honest and fair elections, as well as transparency in governmental decision making. Unfortunately, recent deeply troubling events in Clark County have placed both of those interests under attack. On behalf of the Republican National Committee and the Nevada Republican Party, I ask you to investigate under NRS 241.039 whether those events violated Nevada’s open public meeting law, and to investigate under NRS 293.840 whether the consequences of Clark County’s decisions have violated Nevada’s election laws. I. Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Secretary of State Barbara Cegavske announced in March 2020 that the June 9 primary would be an all-mail election. As you know, the Democratic National Committee and the Nevada State Democratic Party—together with a handful of related entities and individual plaintiffs—were not content with the Secretary’s plan. They sued her; the head elections officials in Clark, Washoe, and Elko Counties; and you in the First Judicial District Court in Carson City. See Corona et al. v. Cegavske et al., No. CV 20-OC- 00064-1B. 1 The Republican National Committee and Nevada Republican Party intervened as defendants because the plaintiffs there challenged long-standing, common-sense Nevada laws expressly designed to further Nevada’s constitutional interest in “preserv[ing] the purity of elections.” Nev. -
Chapter One: Postwar Resentment and the Invention of Middle America 10
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Jeffrey Christopher Bickerstaff Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________________ Timothy Melley, Director ________________________________________ C. Barry Chabot, Reader ________________________________________ Whitney Womack Smith, Reader ________________________________________ Marguerite S. Shaffer, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT TALES FROM THE SILENT MAJORITY: CONSERVATIVE POPULISM AND THE INVENTION OF MIDDLE AMERICA by Jeffrey Christopher Bickerstaff In this dissertation I show how the conservative movement lured the white working class out of the Democratic New Deal Coalition and into the Republican Majority. I argue that this political transformation was accomplished in part by what I call the "invention" of Middle America. Using such cultural representations as mainstream print media, literature, and film, conservatives successfully exploited what came to be known as the Social Issue and constructed "Liberalism" as effeminate, impractical, and elitist. Chapter One charts the rise of conservative populism and Middle America against the backdrop of 1960s social upheaval. I stress the importance of backlash and resentment to Richard Nixon's ascendancy to the Presidency, describe strategies employed by the conservative movement to win majority status for the GOP, and explore the conflict between this goal and the will to ideological purity. In Chapter Two I read Rabbit Redux as John Updike's attempt to model the racial education of a conservative Middle American, Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom, in "teach-in" scenes that reflect the conflict between the social conservative and Eastern Liberal within the author's psyche. I conclude that this conflict undermines the project and, despite laudable intentions, Updike perpetuates caricatures of the Left and hastens Middle America's rejection of Liberalism. -
American Federalism: More Than Two Centuries of Political Tension
CHAPTER ONE American Federalism: More Than Two Centuries of Political Tension efore one explores the components and particulars of the BConnecticut polity, it is important to first discuss the features of American federalism, as well as the ongoing tension between federal and state authority throughout the course of American history. This general overview should demonstrate the centrality of state governments within the context of the American federal system, and why this work has special relevance in the twenty-first century. One of the bedrock principles of the United States Constitution is that the power of government should be limited and restrained. Heavily influenced by the writings of classical liberal philosophers, most notably the English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704), the Founding Fathers devised an ingenious constitutional system in which power would never be concentrated in one branch or one level of government.1 Limited government was viewed as a prerequisite to individual liberty and more generally the preservation of the newly- formed republic. The Founding Fathers’ deep belief in a system of limited government is clearly reflected in the principle known as federalism. Drafted during a swelteringly hot summer in Philadelphia more than two hundred years ago, the Constitution of the United States established a governing system in which power would be divided between two levels of government, national and state. The principle of federalism is among the several distinguishing features of the American constitutional framework. 2 AMERICAN FEDERALISM Federalism and Divided Power The Constitution, written in response to the failure of the Articles of Confederation (1781-88), provides the national govern- ment with both enumerated and implied powers. -
Teaching Diplomacy Today 10 Years Ago in Haiti How They See Us
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2020 HOW THEY SEE US 10 YEARS AGO IN HAITI TEACHING DIPLOMACY TODAY FOREIGN SERVICE January-February 2020 Volume 97, No. 1 Cover Story Focus on How They See Us 25 32 Teaching Outside Observers See the United States Diplomacy Today in Ways We Ourselves Cannot This comprehensive look at The views of well-informed foreign observers can offer a welcome counterpoint post–Foreign Service opportunities to the extreme ups and downs of Americans’ own assessment of our nation in academia includes first-person and its role in the world. insights into advantages and perils, By Alexis Ludwig advice on the how-tos, and more. By Jillian Burns and Mark C. Storella 37 Keeping the Relationship Special Don’t underestimate the importance of continued U.S.-U.K. collaboration, a senior British diplomat says in reviewing his trans-Atlantic experience. By Patrick Davies Feature: The 2010 Haiti Earthquake 41 Working with the United States: A View from Panama Not without hiccups, U.S.-Panama 48 ties can become stronger A Night to Remember with frank and open discussion, On Jan. 12, 2010, a sunny a former ambassador to the afternoon turned into a nightmare. United States observes. America’s deputy chief of mission By Jaime Alemán in Haiti shares his record of the first hours of the catastrophe. By David Lindwall 45 Hope for a Renewed Partnership in the Americas 54 A Bolivian diplomat reflects on more than two decades of Tremblement! personal experience dealing The USAID mission director with the United States. -
What's on the Minds of Persuadable Voters in Michigan and Minnesota?
What’s on the Minds of Persuadable Voters in Michigan and Minnesota? Both Michigan and Minnesota are must-win states for the Democratic nominee in the upcoming 2020 presidential election. Michigan played a pivotal role in Donald Trump’s 2016 victory – the state voted for a Republican president for the first time since 1988, shattering the so-called “Blue Wall.” While Minnesota has been a more consistently blue state (at least in presidential races), Trump lost by a razor-thin margin of just 1.52 percent in a contest where Hillary Clinton did not win a majority of votes. To better understand how voters are processing the current political moment in these key states, Working America deployed its professional canvassers to working-class communities to better understand their views on hot button issues and how they judge the president’s first term in office. The findings in our latest Front Porch Focus Group report revealed that while there are divisions between urban and rural areas, voters in these states are more often than not aligned in their support for a strong progressive agenda, creating an opening for Democrats. Working America canvassers spoke with 280 persuadable and Democratic-leaning infrequent voters in Michigan (Macomb, Monroe, and Wayne counties) and 150 persuadable voters in the suburban Twin Cities area in Minnesota from December 17, 2019 through January 17, 2020. We augmented these interviews with an additional 566 online responses from the Minnesota suburbs and exurbs. To identify persuadable voters, Working America’s unique targeting model combines analysis of dozens of our randomized clinical canvass trials conducted during elections over the last decade. -
Congressional Overspeech
ARTICLES CONGRESSIONAL OVERSPEECH Josh Chafetz* Political theater. Spectacle. Circus. Reality show. We are constantly told that, whatever good congressional oversight is, it certainly is not those things. Observers and participants across the ideological and partisan spectrums use those descriptions as pejorative attempts to delegitimize oversight conducted by their political opponents or as cautions to their own allies of what is to be avoided. Real oversight, on this consensus view, is about fact-finding, not about performing for an audience. As a result, when oversight is done right, it is both civil and consensus-building. While plenty of oversight activity does indeed involve bipartisan attempts to collect information and use that information to craft policy, this Article seeks to excavate and theorize a different way of using oversight tools, a way that focuses primarily on their use as a mechanism of public communication. I refer to such uses as congressional overspeech. After briefly describing the authority, tools and methods, and consensus understanding of oversight in Part I, this Article turns to an analysis of overspeech in Part II. The three central features of overspeech are its communicativity, its performativity, and its divisiveness, and each of these is analyzed in some detail. Finally, Part III offers two detailed case studies of overspeech: the Senate Munitions Inquiry of the mid-1930s and the McCarthy and Army-McCarthy Hearings of the early 1950s. These case studies not only demonstrate the dynamics of overspeech in action but also illustrate that overspeech is both continuous across and adaptive to different media environments. Moreover, the case studies illustrate that overspeech can be used in the service of normatively good, normatively bad, and * Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. -
Apush Review Packet
APUSH REVIEW PACKET The Exam: • The exam is 3 hours and 5 minutes in length and consists of two sections. In section I, students answer 80 multiple choice questions in 55 minutes. In section II, students are given 15 minutes to plan and 45 minutes to write an essay on the document-based question (DBQ), and 70 minutes to answer two essay questions. Suggested time to be spent on each of the essay questions is 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing. Scoring: • The DBQ & two FRE are scored on a scale of 1-9 – Basis of a thesis, argument, and supporting evidence (including documents for DBQ) • The M/C counts for 50%, the Essays 50% – DBQ counts for 22.5%, FRE 27.5% ea. • 180 possible points – [# correct] x 1.125 = _________ MC – # out of 9 x 4.50 = ________ DBQ – # out of 9 x 2.750 = _______ FRE 1 – # out of 9 x 2.750 = _______ FRE 2 DBQ: • Requires you to answer by using documentary evidence AND your outside knowledge • READ QUESTION • BRAINSTORM!! • READ DOCUMENTS – Not statements of FACTS; descriptions, interpretations or opinions; READ THE SOURCE! • WRITE YOUR ESSAY Writing an Essay: • Thesis Paragraph – Addresses the QUESTION!! – Contains Thesis (what is YOUR theme) – Organizational Categories (set up your following paragraphs) • Supporting Paragraphs – Topic sentence – Specific factual information – Interpretive commentary – Documentation (DBQ)* – Clincher sentence • Conclusion – Supports, sums up Level of Questions Level One: questions are the facts of history. They can be answered from the text or other resources Level Two: questions require students to make inferences as to how and why the factual information has an impact in the historical context in which it occurs. -
APUSH Unit 3: Revolution and Republican Culture, 1754-1800 (Chapters 4-7)
APUSH Unit 3: Revolution and Republican Culture, 1754-1800 (chapters 4-7) Key Theme: British imperial attempts to reassert control over its colonies and the colonial reaction to these attempts produced a new American republic, along with struggles over the new nation’s social, political, and economic identity. Key Concepts 3.1 — British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War. I. The competition among the British, French, and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the Seven Years’ War (the French and Indian War), in which Britain defeated France and allied American Indians. II. The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain. 3.2 — The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. I. The ideals that inspired the revolutionary cause reflected new beliefs about politics, religion, and society that had been developing over the course of the 18th century. II. After declaring independence, American political leaders created new constitutions and declarations of rights that articulated the role of the state and federal governments while protecting individual liberties and limiting both centralized power and excessive popular influence. III. New forms of national culture and political institutions developed in the United States alongside continued regional variations and differences over economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues. 3.3 — Migration within North America and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations. -
The Power of Modern Partisanship
The Power of Modern Partisanship The Aligning of Social and Political Identity and Its Effects An Our Age of Uncertainty paper by Chris Jackson Ipsos Presents Age of Uncertainty The Power of Modern Partisanship The Power of Modern Partisanship The Aligning of Social and Political Identity and Its Effects Politicians, pollsters, and social scientists all seek to understand and predict how people will respond to events. To this end, we have found that identity—or, more precisely, how people define themselves—is a powerful predictor of behavior. This is an outgrowth of using demographics in social sciences as proxies for a wider range of socio-cultural beliefs. Since people have many different ways of characterizing themselves in different circumstances, contexts, or times, researchers have traditionally relied on context-specific identifiers. For instance, someone may behave like a parent at home but an employee at work. However, one particular type of identity—political partisanship—has become the lens for many Americans in how they relate to the world around them. This has problematic implications, not just for government, but for civil society and the economy, as party identification has an increasingly zero-sum logic of “with us or against us.” Political partisanship is not a new phenomenon. It has When people hear of “increased partisanship,” as they often existed since the establishment of the American Republic do today, they may think that an ever-larger proportion of when Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican Party Americans are closely identifying with either of the two faced off against Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist Party. -
Symmetric Constitutionalism: an Essay on Masterpiece Cakeshop and the Post-Kennedy Supreme Court
University of California, Hastings College of the Law UC Hastings Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship 2019 Symmetric Constitutionalism: An Essay on Masterpiece Cakeshop and the Post-Kennedy Supreme Court Zachary S. Price UC Hastings College of the Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship Recommended Citation Zachary S. Price, Symmetric Constitutionalism: An Essay on Masterpiece Cakeshop and the Post- Kennedy Supreme Court, 70 Hastings L.J. 1273 (2019). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/1736 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 70.5-PRICE (DO NOT DELETE) 5/27/2019 9:48 AM Symmetric Constitutionalism: An Essay on Masterpiece Cakeshop and the Post- Kennedy Supreme Court † ZACHARY S. PRICE Following Justice Kennedy’s retirement and the bitter fight over Justice Kavanaugh’s confirmation, increasingly polarized views about constitutional law in general, and specific constitutional cases in particular, threaten to undermine courts’ legitimacy, degrade their institutional capacity, and weaken public support for important civil liberties. To help mitigate these risks, this Essay proposes that judges subscribe to an ethos of “symmetric constitutionalism.” Within the limits of controlling considerations of text, structure, history, precedent, and practice, courts in our polarized era should lean towards outcomes, doctrines, and rationales that confer valuable protections across both sides of the nation’s major political divides, and away from those that frame constitutional law as a matter of zero-sum competition between competing partisan visions.