Effect of Free Cash Flow on Profitability of Firms in the Manufacturing and Allied Sector Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange for the Period 2013-2017
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EFFECT OF FREE CASH FLOW ON PROFITABILITY OF FIRMS IN THE MANUFACTURING AND ALLIED SECTOR LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2013-2017 BY TRACY WANJIKU UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- AFRICA SPRING 2019 EFFECT OF FREE CASH FLOW ON PROFITABILITY OF FIRMS IN THE MANUFACTURING AND ALLIED SECTOR LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2013-2017 BY TRACY WANJIKU A Research Project Report Submitted to the Chandaria School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in Business Administration (MBA) UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- AFRICA SPRING 2019 i STUDENT’S DECLARATION I declare this work has not been submitted to any other university other than United States International University-Africa, it’s my original work which has been submitted for the Academic purposes. Signed: ________________________ Date: ______________________ Tracy Wanjiku (ID NO: 639808) This project has been presented for examination with my approval as the appointed supervisor. Signed: ________________________ Date: ______________________ Mr. Kepha Oyaro Signature __________________________ Date____________________ Dean, Chandaria School of Business ii COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this project may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without prior written permission from the author. © Copyright by Tracy Wanjiku, 2019. iii ABSTRACT The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of free cash flow on profitability of firms in the manufacturing listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study adopted the following specific objectives; to examine the effect of operating cash flows on the profitability, to establish the effect of investing cash flows on the profitability, and to determine the effect of financing cash flows on the profitability. The study adopted a descriptive survey in analyzing the effect of free cash flow on the profitability of manufacturing firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The population of interest in this study was secondary data from the Nairobi securities exchange where information was obtained for a period of five years for the listed Manufacturing and Allied companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The researcher used of census sampling technique. For this study, the sampling frame was sourced from all the nine listed manufacturing companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study used both secondary data from annual reports and primary data from questionnaires. Secondary data was extracted from audited annual reports and financial statements of manufacturing firms sourced from Nairobi Securities Exchange and Companies websites for a period of five years (2013 –2017). The data was collected, coded and input to SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Ver.25) for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used in terms of frequency distribution tables. Inferential statistics was used to draw conclusions about the effect of free cashflows on profitability of manufacturing firms using a regression model. The results of the study on first objective indicated a correlation between operating cash flows and ROA in which there was a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between operating cash flows and ROA. The results of regression analysis showed that operating cash flows explain 80.9% of return on assets of manufacturing and allied firms. The findings of the second objective showed that the correlation between investing cash flows and ROA and there was a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between Investing cash flows and return on assets as a measure of financial performance. The results of regression analysis showed that investing cash flows explains 96.3% of ROA of manufacturing and allied firms in the NSE. iv The findings of the third objective showed that cashflows from financing and ROA indicating a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between financing cashflows and ROA. Regression analysis showed that financing cash flows explains 89.2% of ROA for the manufacturing and allied firms in the NSE. The study concludes that operating cash flow management influence the profitability of manufacturing and allied firms in Kenya positively, operating cash flow is that manufacturing and allied firms generate money from their main business and are not facing a liquidity problem. Secondly, management of the listed firms of manufacturing firms should continue to invest in activities as it has positive implications towards its cashflows. Thirdly, cashflows from financing for the listed manufacturing have a positive impact towards this companies. The listed companies should take appropriate cashflows in financing their internal projects that are more profitable. The study recommends that; management of the manufacturing firms should practice good cash management in their firms. It is essential for the company to maintain an appropriate level of cash from operating activities. Secondly, manufacturing and allied firms should seek internally generated funds since they are cheaper to finance their investment needs especially short-term projects and long-term projects that require immediate commitment. Lastly the financial efficiency is required in managing costs, increasing efficiency and financial performance of listed manufacturing companies in Kenya. The companies should not rely more on financing because it affects financial performance negatively and increases the risk of bankruptcy. The study recommends on further studies that further studies can be done in this area, they may include: the relationship between leverage and investments for the manufacturing and allied firms to quite clearly know the strength of the relationship and whether leverage can be indeed a factor that affects investment. v TABLE OF CONTENTS STUDENT’S DECLARATION .............................................................................................. ii COPYRIGHT ..........................................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMNT ........................................................................................................ ix DEDICATION.......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................xiii CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3 General Objective ................................................................................................................ 7 1.4 Specific Objectives .............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Scope of the study ................................................................................................................ 8 1.7 Definition of Terms.............................................................................................................. 8 1.8 Chapter Summary ................................................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................... 11 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Effects of Operating Cash Flows on Profitability .............................................................. 11 2.3 Effects of Investing free cash flows on Profitability ......................................................... 17 2.4 Effects of Financing Cash Flows on Profitability .............................................................. 23 2.5 Chapter Summary .............................................................................................................. 29 vi CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................... 30 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 30 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.2 Research Design................................................................................................................. 30 3.3 Population