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The Unrelenting Israeli Smear Campaigns to Discredit Human Rights Groups in Israel, Palestine, and the Syrian Golan

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The Unrelenting Israeli Smear Campaigns to Discredit Human Rights Groups in Israel, Palestine, and the Syrian Golan Target Locked: The Unrelenting Israeli Smear Campaigns to Discredit Human Rights Groups in Israel, Palestine, and the Syrian Golan April 2021 FIDH and OMCT are both members of ProtectDefenders.eu, the European Union Human Rights Defenders Mechanism implemented by international civil society. This report was produced notably within the framework of ProtectDefenders.eu. FIDH and OMCT would like to thank the Republic and Canton of Geneva, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD), the European Union, the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland for making the publication of this report possible. The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of FIDH and OMCT and shall under no circumstances be interpreted as reflecting the views of these organisations. Cover photo: A group of Israeli human rights defenders wave Palestinian flags and hold placards to condemn Israeli violence on Gaza, as the 26th Friday of «Great March of Return» demonstration continues near Israel-Gaza border, in Nahal Oz, Israel on September 21, 2018. © Mostafa Alkharouf / ANADOLU AGENCY / Anadolu Agency via AF Directors of publication: Alice Mogwe, Gerald Staberock Authors of the report: FIDH Editing and coordination: Audrey Couprie and Delphine Reculeau Design : FIDH Dépôt légal mai 2021 FIDH (English ed.) = ISSN 2225-1804 – Fichier informatique conforme à la loi du 6 janvier 1978 (Déclaration N° 330 675) TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary. 4 Methodology ...................................................................7 I. Political and Legal Context: . 8 A. Political Context: Severe Downturn for the Rights of the Palestinians and Syrians Under Israeli Occupation . 8 • US Government political influence on the Israel-Palestine question has accelerated annexation plans. 9 • Systematic diplomatic failures to account for serious violations of the rights of the Palestinians and Syrians under Israeli occupation .............................................10 • Israel’s strategy to fight off its human rights violations record .........................12 B. Legal Context: International Legal Framework. 14 • Applicable international law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and occupied Syrian Golan ....14 • International legal provisions guaranteeing the freedom of association and NGOs’ access to funding .....................................................................15 • International legal provisions guaranteeing the freedom of opinion and expression .......16 II. Crafted Measures Against Human Rights NGOs in Israel, the OPT, and the Occupied Syrian Golan. 18 A The Actors Targeting Human Rights NGOs: The Israeli Apparatus . 19 • The Ministry of Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy ..............................19 • NGO Monitor ................................................................21 • Im Tirtzu ....................................................................22 • Other Government-affiliated groups . 23 B Intensification of Smear Campaigns and Other Attacks and Acts of Harassment Against Human Rights NGOs . 24 • Smear campaigns increase in force . 25 • Personal and specific campaigns against NGOs and human rights defenders. 27 • Other intimidation and harassment measures ......................................31 C Shrinking Space: Legislative and Administrative Measures. 33 • Administrative and political obstacles linked to the Israeli occupation. 34 • Specific laws against the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement. 34 • Counter-terrorism and Covid-19 measures weaponized against human rights NGOs and defenders . 39 D NGOs’ Access to Funding: Alarming and Widespread Restrictions . 40 • Obstacles faced by human rights NGOs in Israel, the OPT, and the occupied Syrian Golan to access funding ...............................................................40 • Legislation to restrict human rights NGOs’ access to funding .........................41 • Other unsuccessful legislative attempts to restrict NGOs’ access to funding ..............43 • Lobbying to defund NGOs ......................................................44 • The negative impact on access to funding for human rights organisations and human rights defenders .....................................................................46 E Additional Strains Stemming from the Palestinian Governance and Legislative Frameworks 49 III. Fighting Back: The Response from Civil Society and Partners. 52 IV. Recommendations . 56 ANNEX - LIST OF ORGANISATIONS INTERVIEWED DURING THE MISSION . 61 3 The Observatory - Target Locked: The Unrelenting Israeli Smear Campaigns to Discredit Human Rights Groups in Israel, Palestine, and the Syrian Golan Executive Summary Over the last decade, and at an accelerating pace over the last three years, human rights non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working, among others, on issues related to the occupation, settlement activity, accountability for international crimes and human rights violations, asylum seekers and refugees, political prisoners, or the rights of Palestinian minority within Israel, have been the primary target of a broad campaign of delegitimisation. This campaign has widely affected their ability to operate, including, for many Palestinian NGOs, their ability to access foreign funding. The international context of shrinking civic space and heightened defiance towards human rights organisations and defenders has continued to be timely used by the Government of Israel against Palestinian, Israeli, Syrian and virtually all NGOs, at national and international levels, advocating for the rights of Palestinians and Syrians and seeking accountability for international crimes and human rights violations perpetrated in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) and Occupied Syrian Golan. The Government of Israel notably keeps abusing the legitimate fight against terrorism to drastically reduce civic space and silence critical voices. More recently, it has further used the coronavirus pandemic outbreak as another pretext to restrict fundamental freedoms in the name of public health. Israel’s attitude against civil society also appears to be in a large part anchored in reaction to the perceived threat of the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement, of which some of the organisations targeted are supportive. The tense political situation in the OPT between the Palestinian Authority and the Hamas leadership in Gaza is putting even more pressure on NGOs and human rights defenders who dare criticise the Palestinian authorities’ lack of respect for fundamental freedoms. The strategy put in place by the Israeli Government is threefold: one, delegitimising civil society critical voices through “naming and shaming” and associating them with terrorists or anti-Semitics; two, pressuring anyone giving a platform for their discourse; three, lobbying actively to cut their sources of funding. Resorting to smear campaigns, intimidation and harassment measures, new restrictive pieces of legislation, administrative burden or judicial harassment and putting increased pressure on international donors who support those organisations have proven to be very effective to destabilise NGOs. These trends have reached alarming proportions, and significantly undermine the ability of human rights defenders and NGOs to carry out their legitimate and crucial work. Crafted measures against human rights NGOs Within the Israeli administration, the Ministry for Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy (MSA) has been tasked since 2015 to “act against the delegitimisation and boycott campaigns against the State of Israel”. Fiercely laying out the Israeli strategy, the MSA has publicly associated Palestinian human rights defenders as “anti-Semitic operatives with deep ties to terrorist groups fixated on destroying the State of Israel”. Acting alongside are infamous government-controlled NGOs (GONGOs), whose main objective is to relay the propaganda of the Israeli Government against civil society actors, including at the international level. Both the MSA and government-affiliated groups are conflating legitimate criticism of gross Israeli human rights violations with anti-Semitism and are employing vague and unsubstantiated claims of terrorist affiliations against Palestinian civil society organisations (CSOs), in order to deprive the latter of funding essential to their sustainability. These campaigns are coupled with intimidation and harassment of human rights defenders: travel bans, arbitrary detentions and arrests, judicial harassment, deportation, physical and cyber-attacks, death threats. Through libel, defamation and publicly shaming human rights defenders, the Government 4 The Observatory - Target Locked: The Unrelenting Israeli Smear Campaigns to Discredit Human Rights Groups in Israel, Palestine, and the Syrian Golan and the organisations it controls attempt to delegitimise human rights activities in Israel and Palestine and put the lives of human rights defenders at risk, with the only objective of silencing critical voices and putting a stop to their activities. Shrinking space: Development of the legislative and administrative arsenal These campaigns and attacks against CSOs and human rights defenders have been reinforced by a series of restrictive legislative and administrative attempts and measures adopted to impede these organisations’ operations and access to Israel and the OPT. From 2010 onward, an unprecedented number of bills have been tabled at the Knesset to limit NGO civic space. This sustained
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