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Malaika Home Security Sytem malaika Home Security Sytem Fire Response Strategies for Slum Communities Rebecca Eveline Daum 1 First Things First Introduction The project is a cooperation with Interspiro. Interspiro is a manufacturer of respiratory protec- Even the lowest price entry level model (~ € 500,- tion for fire fighting, diving and work in hazardous excluding the cylinder) exceeds the price that this environments. INTERSPIRO supplies respiratory market is able to pay. The price for the low cost model protection to fire and rescue services, defense/military we are aiming for should be around € 200,- (exclud- organizations, industries, utilities, shipping, offshore ing the cylinder). In comparison - an SCBA model a and diving companies all around the World. western world fire brigade would purchase is around € 1.500,-. As my personal passion is in the field of fire and rescue services, due to my background as a fire fighter in vol- Being protected is sheer unteer fire brigade, I wanted to focus on this field. a question of money Firemen at a hotel fire in Mumbai The given task in the beginning of this collaboration Being confronted with that task, I still wanted to was, to develop a low cost SCBA set (self contained tackle the project from a user centered perspective, breathing apparatus), to be able to enter the market in rather than a cost cutting driven design approach. emerging countries. From the very first analyzing of Considering the target markets (South Africa, India, the components and productions cost of the SCBA countries of Southeast Asia, etc.) I wanted to make an sets, it was clear that the only possible component SCBA set, driven by the needs of the fire service forces to limit the production cost of an SCBA set further, in that specific environments. without risking to decrease the quality of the SCBA sets, is the harness. The goal is to allow every fire fighter access to a So the project focus could be narrowed down even proper breathing protection. more. The task was to design a low cost SCBA harness for emerging counties, where Inerspiro currently plays no role. By that time the assuption for the reason of that was, that the prices of Interspiro sets are just too high, and if there was a more cheap SCBA set among the Intersprio portfolio, the market situation could potentially change. „We want to fight every fire in the world.“ Nyclas Gyllbrink Vice President Interspiro 2 3 Desk Research and Interviews Initial Research The research started with evaluating the status quo impact on fire service and the usage of SCBAs. Nii Ammah Hammond The sales representatives talked about the demand of respiratory protection usage in fire services in the Therefore I was initiating interviews with Intersprio GWORLD GHANA LTD of the fire brigades in their counties, specification of western, developed world. With a lot of background distribution partners from the target countries, as they equipment that the fire brigades would purchase and Accra, Ghana knowledge from myself serving in the volunteer fire have an overview of the needs and demands of their what kind of prices they are willing to pay. brigade in Wagna, Austria, I visited the fire station in clients. Umea, Sweden to evaluate their currently used equip- Emmanuel Koulate Some key insights from the Interviews: ment. The feedback of theses distributors gave a first heli- WWOD Win Wings Oil Dots To generate some initial ideas to potentially improve copter view of the market situation in the targeted training level of the fire fighter is very low, therefore the SCBA equipment for a western world usage sce- countries (competitor brands, price ranges that clients Abidjan, Ivory Coast an error proof equipment is needed nario, I run an ideation workshop with my former fire are willing to pay, problems with the current SCBA brigade colleges from the volunteer fire brigade in my sets, wishes from the clients side, etc.) "...training every 5 years must be enough in their home town Wagna, Austria. To complete the picture Sergei Maslov eyes..." of SCBA usage in different fire service contexts, I Interspiro sales representative for "...what they want is the most advanced equipment, visited the Airport fire brigade of Graz, Austria Russia and Middle East what they need is the most simple equipment..." To design an SCBA set for an emerging country, the first thing to figure out is, what fire service means in Jimmy Croucamp The market is dominated by Dräger different countries and what country specifics have an FREMTAC Fire and Rescue "Dräger is like a synonym for SCBAs" Cape Town, South Africa "At this stage, I have no idea on the readiness of the market to purchase Interspiro since Dräger and Scott Stefan Svensson With Stefan I had an interview about fire fighting Wim Van Iperen are of notoriety..." Associate Professor Lund University in different cultures. He could shared insights from Survitec Safety Solutions various countries in Africa, as well as China and the Fire and Rescue Service Association South (Loberod), Rotterdam, Netherlands Purchase driver United States. PhD in Fire Safety Science, Former fire fighter in the 60 % pricing Swedish Air Force, Some key insights from this conversation: 30 % technical specifications Lund, Sweden Peter K. Mwai 10 % adaptability MIPET K LTD Fire fighting culture is often inherited from the occupying Nairobi, Kenya countries in the past. Expectations of what fire fighter have to do, vary from the countries (stopping fire from spreading in eme rging countries vs. indoor smoke diving missions in the devel- When looking at what differs between the countries what a firefighter in the western world might face (fire of the western, developed world from the developing in a structural buildings). But besides that, firemen oped world) countries, one thing that influences fire services to a have to deal as well with fire incidents in informal In countries like Kenya, where people perceive the gov- great extent, is the city set up. settlements. These incidents outreach the incidents in ernment as corrupt, this leads to people being suspicious In countries of the developing world, a fast amount of structural buildings by far, and so when it comes to towards every kind of officials people life in informal settlements, also called slums. fire incidents in residential areas, it is most likely that His closing words, on how to support fire fighters in emerg- This was also what I found later on during the field it happens in a slum. ing countries in the best way: research in South Africa and Kenya. Firefighter there are confronted with scenarios that are comparable to "...Personally, I would go for education..." 4 5 Living Situation in Target Countries 56 % 37,9 % Kenya Ghana developing countries 25 % 38 % 1/3 of the worlds urban Thailand Philippines population live in slums 24 % 25,2 % India China emerging countries emerging 22,3 % 23 % Brazil South Africa According to the latest UN-Habitat publication The United Nations estimates that more than regarding Urban Development and Manage- 90% of future urban population growth will be ment (November 2013), the absolute number in low- and middle-income countries. of slum dwellers continues to grow, due to the 11,9 % 11,1 % fast tempo of urbanization. Turkey Mexico percentage of urban population living in slums 6 7 Leaving the Desk Field Research To get direct user feedback and insights, a research country specifics in fire service, a focus of the conver- Pat Muir Pat, Dean and Jacques shared insights on their specific trip to South Africa and Kenya was done. sations was the SCBA usage. A part of each visit was Chief or Purchasing at Milnerton Fire Station responsibilities within the Cape Town City Fire Sta- In both Cape Town, South Africa and Nairobi, Ke- also a demonstration of the Intersprio equipment and Cape Town tion regarding the usage of SCBAs. nya, I visited different fire stations and met with fire gathering feedback on the current Intersprio products Pat talked about the purchase process of fire fighting fighters to talk about the challenges they face in their from the firemen (during this 2 weeks of research Dean Williams equipment, decision making, maintenance processes everyday work. (Interviews + tour trough the fire sta- I was actually only meeting with male fire service and budgets. Chief of Operations tions facilities and introduction to the currently used personnel). Jacques was teaching fire men how to use SCBAs, so equipment) Besides an open conversations about the City of Cape Town Fire Services he had a special understanding for usability problems Cape Town and all the weaknesses of the euipment. Dean could share his experince from missions typical Adam Reineck To prepare my trip, to a for me still unexplored cul- Jacques Laubscher for South Africa. Head of IDEO.org ture, I gathered some advice from two experts in their Chief of Training of San Francisco, USA fields. Adam worked for IDEO.org in Kibera, a slum City of Cape Town Fire Services in Nairobi, and Markos, a senior researcher at frog, Cape Town gave advice on research preparation and process for a Markos Grohman big scale research - as I planned it to do. Senior Design Researcher at frog San Francisco, USA Keegan Newman Keegan, Sewes and Bertus were representing the needs Station Commander of rural fire stations. Wildfires are the biggest chal- Jimmy Croucamp During my stay in Cape Town I was hosted and acom- Sewes Pretorius lenge during the dry summertime. Slum fires represent the most occurring fires in residential areas. FREMTAC Fire and Rescue panied by Jimmy Croucamp, an Interspiro distribu- Station Commander Training Cape Town, South Africa tion partner. He served many years in the fire brigade Breede Valley Fire & Rescue Service in Johannesburg and the fire fighting profession has a Worcester long history in his family.
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