Uamh an Eich Bhric (Fiskavaig 1)

Fiskavaig, Isle of Skye. OS Grid Ref. NG3028 3264

Excavation of an Eroding Midden Site – Data Structure Report 01

June 2009

Plate. 1 : The Rock Shelter at the foot of the Fiskavaig Cliffs (Scale = two figures in shelter)

Authors

Martin Wildgoose AIFA Steven Birch PIFA

Plate 2: Approaching the site.

Plate 2: Boulder hopping to site.

Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey West Coast Archaeological Services. 20th May 2009 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 2 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey West Coast Archaeological Services

June 2009

Grant Aided by: Historic Scotland Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey West Coast Archaeological Services

UAMH AN EICH BHRIC (FISKAVAIG 1)

Bracadale, Isle of Skye (NGR NG 3028 3264)

The excavation and preliminary Analysis of Late iron Age Cultural Deposits from a Coastal Rock Shelter

Data Structure Report 01

Authors:

Martin Wildgoose Steven Birch

Contributors:

Fraser Hunter National Museums of Scotland Dawn MacLaren National Museums of Scotland Ann MacSween Ceramics Mike Cressy CFA Archaeology Ltd Alison McLaggan Line Illustrations

Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey Tigh an Dun Dunan Broadford Isle of Skye IV49 9AJ Tel: 01471 822562 Email: [email protected]

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 3 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 4 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Contents

List of Figures 7

List of Plates 7

List of Tables 7

1. Summary 8

1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Results 1.4 Further Work

2. Introduction 11

2.1 General 2.2 Background 2.3 Objectives 2.4 Layout of the Report 2.5 Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2.6 Wider Publication

3. Methods 14

3.1 General 3.2 Desk-based Research 3.3 Field Survey 3.4 Excavation

4. Results 16

4.1 Desk-based Research 4.2 Field Survey 4.3 Excavation 4.3.1 Trench 1 4.3.2 Trench 2 4.4 Discussion

5. Further Work 26

6. References 26

7. Small Finds Analysis 27

7.1 Site Assessment 2006 – 2007 7.2 Excavation 2008

8. Radiocarbon Dating Program 33

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Appendix 1: Context Register 34

Appendix 2: Features Register – Trench 1 36

Appendix 3: Features Register – Trench 2 36

Appendix 4: Digital Images Register 38

Appendix 5: Field Drawings Register – Trench 1 46

Appendix 6: Field Drawings Register – Trench 2 47

Appendix 7: Small Finds Register – Trench 1 48

Appendix 8: Animal Bone Register – Trench 1 49

Appendix 9: Small Finds Register – Trench 2 50

Appendix 10: Animal Bone Register – Trench 2 51

Appendix 11: Samples Register – Trench 1 53

Appendix 12: Samples Register – Trench 2 54

Appendix 13 Preliminary Pottery Report 54

Appendix 14 Names and Addresses of Contributor 56

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List of Figures page

1. Location maps for Uamh an Eich Bhric 10 2. Plan showing erosion of rock shelter between 2006 – 2008 11 3. Distribution of known Archaeological sites 17 4. Location of Trenches 1 and 2 within the rock shelter 19 5. Trench 1: Southern section. 20 6. Trenches 1 & 2: Occupation surface at the time of abandonment 20 7. Trench 2: Southern section 22 8. Trenches 1 & 2: Features relating to initial occupation surface 23 9. Uamh an Eich Bhric: Hearth typology 25 10. Find No. 1.08: Whetstone 47 11. Find No. 1.29: Bone skin scraper 48 12. Recording squares in Trenches 1 and 2 57 13. Radiocarbon plots 57

List of Plates

1. Uamh an Eich Bhric from the sea Front cover 2. Boulder hopping to site Front cover 3. View of site location from the south 8 4. Interior of the rock shelter from the south 9 5. Detail of the eroding midden face 12 6. Interior of the rock shelter from the north 12 7. Site 4: A 10 meter diameter round-house (Desk-based research) 16 8. Site 10: Cliff-top boulder alignment (Landscape survey) 18 9. Site 11: Outfield boulder alignment (Landscape survey) 18 10. Trench1: Hearth, Feature 1.01 and surface of Context 1.02 21 11. Trench 1: Hearth, Feature1.03 and surface of context 1.03 21 12. Trench 2: Hearth, Feature 2.01 23 13. Trench 2: Hearth, Feature2.04 23 14. Find No.1.06: Disc-headed rivet 24 15. Find no. 1.22: Stone bead 24 16. Find No. 1.29: Bone skin scraper 28 17. Find No. 1.07: Bone/antler needle 32

Tables

1. Archaeological sites recovered during desk-based research 16 2. Archaeological sites recovered during walkover survey 17 3. Uamh an Eich Bhric: Hearth typology 25 4. Radiocarbon determinations 33

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 7 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

1. SUMMARY

1.1 Background

1.1.1 This report presents the initial results of excavations, and analysis of recovered artefacts and samples, carried out at Uamh an Eich Bhric (Cave of the Speckled Horse). Uamh an Eich Bhric is a rock shelter, containing an eroding midden, lying at the base of sea cliffs west of the village of Fiskavaig, in the Parish of Bracadale, Isle of Skye, (NGR NG 3028 3264). This work was carried out between April and December 2008 by Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey and West Coast Archaeological Services.

Plate 3: The impressive location of Uamh an Eich Bhric (red arrow).

1.1.2 The above fieldwork was carried out as a result of preliminary rescue work and site evaluations undertaken between October 2006 and March 2008. (Wildgoose and Birch 2006; Wildgoose and Birch 2007; Wildgoose and Birch 2008), which included, setting of erosion markers, monitoring of erosion, collection of eroded finds and collection of ecofactual and faunal samples as insurance against the complete loss of the site during winter storms.

1.1.3 Preliminary analysis of the recovered material from the midden suggested occupation of the site occurred during the Late Iron Age, while two radiocarbon determinations on animal bone from secure positions within the exposed midden face produced dates of 50 –175AD (SUERC-? : 1905 +/- 35 BP) for the base of the midden and 80 – 210AD (SUERC 14657:1870 +/- 35 BP) for abandonment.

1.2 Objectives

1.2.1 The aims of the grant-aided excavations carried out in 2008 were to further evaluate the extent and preservation of the surviving portions of the midden while at the same time removing sections of the midden from further erosion by storm action.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 8 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

1.2.2 Two trenches were excavated – Trench 1 was placed at the southern end of the exposed midden, Trench 2 was placed at the northern end of the midden. Both these areas were being heavily eroded, (the central section of the midden was protected by 3 massive boulders), and may not have survived the 2008/9 winter storms.

1.3 Results

1.3.1 The excavation of Trench 1 revealed a short-lived sequence of occupation deposits and associated hearths with large quantities of ecofactual material including a well preserved faunal assemblage. A wide range of small finds was also recovered including stone, iron, copper-alloy, bone and antler artefacts, ceramics and evidence for both iron and copper alloy working (iron slag, crucible fragments, mould fragments, fragments of furnace lining and copper-alloy scrap).

1.3.2 The excavation of Trench 2 revealed a similar stratigraphic sequence to Trench 1 but with a heavy bias towards ceramic finds. A large faunal assemblage was also recovered from Trench 2.

1.3.3 The excavations undertaken during 2008 have demonstrated the potential importance of the site, both in a local (there are distinct parallels with Dun Ardtreck, (MacKie, 2000) and an Atlantic Iron Age context. Site work also demonstrated the potential for tightening the dating sequences of Late Iron Age sites by comparing closely dated small finds from Uamh an Eich Bhric with those from other excavated sites in the area.

1.4 Further work

1.4.1 A second season of excavation is scheduled for 2009. Recommendations are made for further fieldwork and post excavation analysis at the Fiskavaig site, (See section 5).

Plate 4: The interior of the Uamh an Eich Bhric rock shelter, viewed from the southern end, showing the eroding midden face. (Standing scale is a 2-meter survey pole, plus Martin and George in the back of the shelter).

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Figure 1: Location maps for Uamh an Eich Bhric (red dot)

The Maps in this DSR are reproduced from OS originals under licence No. AL100035903

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2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 General

2.1.1 This report presents the results of excavations and preliminary analysis, carried out at Uamh an Eich Bhric (Cave of the Speckled Horse) in the Parish of Bracadale, Isle of Skye (See Fig. 1). The work was carried out between April and December 2008.

2.2 Background

2.2.1 Uamh an Eich Bhric, lies below west facing sea cliffs some 400 meters south of Geodh’ an Eich Bhric and 3 kilometres south-west of the village of Fiskavaig on the Isle of Skye. The cliffs at this point are 110 meters high and are composed of Basalt’s laid down over several successive volcanic events during the Tertiary Period circa 50 million years ago. Access to the site by land is difficult, requiring a 90 minute walk across wet undulating terrain, followed by a scramble down a steep 100 meter grassy slope, and a 400 meter boulder hop along the tidal shore. Alternatively a rather hazardous boat landing on a rock strewn boulder and pebble beach is just possible at high tide, but not recommended. The interior of the shelter is dry and the floor is covered in a layer of animal droppings that have degraded to a fine powder. The shelter is subject to intense wind deflation and degradation by storm action. Waterfalls cascade from the cliff top to the beach on both sides of the rock shelter giving the site a feeling of otherworldliness.

2.2.2 Between October 2006 and March 2008 repeated visits were made to the site - at first to set erosion markers, and subsequently to monitor the rate of erosion (both by tidal action and wind deflation). Site visits also allowed the collection of newly eroded finds and further collection of samples (column and spot samples) of the midden deposits as insurance against total lose of the site during winter storms.

Fig. 2: Plan showing erosion of the midden between October 06 and March 08

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 11 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Plate 5: Detail of eroding midden face. (Trench 1: Scale 1m in 20cm divisions)

2.2.3 Analysis of eroded archaeological material recovered between October 2006 and March 2008 indicated a typical domestic assemblage including stone, iron, copper- alloy, bone and antler artefacts and ceramics. In addition there was evidence for both iron and copper-alloy smelting. The latter including crucible fragments, mould fragments, pieces of furnace lining and scrap items. A well-preserved, but unfortunately unstratified faunal assemblage was also collected.

2.2.4 Two radiocarbon determinations on animal bone from secure positions within the exposed midden face produced dates between 50 –175AD (SUERC-16630: 1905 +/- 35 BP) for the base of the midden and 80 – 210AD (SUERC 14657: 1870 +/- 35 BP) for abandonment.

2.2.5 At the current rate of erosion it is doubtful if he Uamh an Eich Bhric midden will survive beyond 2010. The excavations carried out in 2008 and those planned for the 2009 season will be the only chance to unravel the history of this unusual site.

2.2.6 In this report the initial results of the 2008 seasons excavations are discussed and the excavations proposed for the 2009 season are outlined.

Plate 6: The interior of the rock shelter, viewed from the northern end, showing the extent of erosion in March 2008. (Scale = a 2 meter Martin)

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2.3 Objectives

2.3.1 The work at Uamh an Eich Bhric was instigated as a rescue excavation, to remove and record archaeological deposits at risk from coastal erosion and to further assess the extent of the surviving portions of the midden.

2.3.2 A detailed Project Design was submitted to Historic Scotland in late 2007 presenting a project appraisal, method statement and organisational information in support of the proposed work at Uamh an Eich Bhric. The document included details relating to archaeological fieldwork, (excavation) post excavation analysis, data collection and dissemination of information. It also put forward a proposed timetable of work, including cost projections, covering the years 2008 – 2009.

2.3.3 Project Aims a. To excavate and record the surviving midden deposits deemed to be at threat before coastal erosion removes them entirely. b. To investigate and record the surrounding prehistoric landscape, its settlement dynamics and how Uamh an Eich Bhric fits into the recovered landscape model. c. To investigate the relationship of materials and artefacts recovered to other excavated sites in the immediate area, notably Dun Ardtreck.

2.4 Layout of the Report

2.4.1 This report is a Data Structure report (DSR). It summarises the fieldwork undertaken, the interim results and the conclusions drawn from these results. Location maps, plans and photographs are included to support the textual information. Recommendations are made for future work in Section 5. Sratigraphic relationships plus lists of contexts, features, finds, drawings, samples and photographs are included as appendices.

2.5 Discovery and Excavation in Scotland

A summary of the results from the 2008 season of work has been submitted for publication in Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 2009.

2.6 Wider Publication

2.6.1 An illustrated synopsis of the 2008 seasons excavations has been published on the ‘News’ section of the High Pasture Cave website (www.high-pasture-cave.org).

2.6.2 Copies of the Data Structure Report will be deposited with: National Monuments Record for Scotland (NMRS), Highland Environmental Record (HER), the local SMR (Dualchas) and the Highland Libraries Service. Copies can be sourced from:

Martin Wildgoose, Tigh an Dun, Dunan, Broadford, Isle of Skye. IV49 9AJ.

E-mail: [email protected] Tel. 01471 822562

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3. METHODS

3.1 General

The initial objectives of the project were achieved using both invasive and none invasive investigation. All work was conducted with regard to IFA standards.

3.2 Assessment of Archive Based Sources

3.2.1

A study was made of the available vertical aerial photographic record held by the Dualchas Heritage Service to help evaluate, and therefor better understand, the associated landscape within which Uamh an Eich Bhric lies. A study was also made of the colour aerial coverage available on the 192.com website.

3.2.2

A search was carried out of the records held by the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS), The Highland Sites and Monuments Record (HSMS) and the Dualchas Sites and Monuments Record in Portree. This search was conducted to assess the potential range of monuments already recorded within the general vicinity of Uamh an Eich Bhric.

3.2.3

An examination was made of the Ordnance Survey First and Second edition 6” map coverage, together with all other available map based information held by Dualchas Heritage Service in Portree.

3.3 Field Survey

3.3.1

Walkover survey was carried out over a limited area (1 square kilometre) around the site to establish if related sites existed in the immediate landscape. Sites recovered during the desk-based searches were located and re-evaluated to determine their likely relationship with the Uamh an Eich Bhric site.

3.4 Excavation and Sample Recovery

3.4.1

Two short seasons of limited, open area, excavation were carried out during April and September – December 2008. All excavation was carried out according to standard stratigraphic principles with trenches divided into 1meter squares to assist both speed of excavation and recorded distribution of recovered materials. Recording followed standard methods and included record taking, photography, and drawing. A temporary site datum was established, on a rocky outcrop, at the northern end of the cave to facilitate the recording of site levels.

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3.4.2

Artefacts and samples were recorded as excavation progressed and carried off site daily. Bulk samples were carried off site and stored for later processing. All recovered material was recorded within a 3D-grid and assigned appropriate identification. One hundred percent of the animal bone (excluding bone dust and unidentifiable fragments less than 10mm in size) was retained for later study.

3.4.3

Post excavation analysis will be undertaken year by year, as funds allow, so as to better inform work in subsequent field seasons, and to allow specific research questions to be addressed. Tasks include: stratigraphic analysis; specialist assessment and appropriate conservation of artefacts collected; processing and assessment of samples; preparation and submission of samples for radiocarbon dating and cataloguing of all finds, samples, drawings, photographs and excavation records.

All work was conducted with regard to the Code of Conduct and Standards established by the Institute for Archaeologists. Due to the location of the site Health and Safety aspects were considered at an early stage and appropriate measures established and for the most part followed. Site awareness was paramount at all times and hard-hats were an essential part of excavation equipment.

3.4.4

All excavation was undertaken by hand, with all contexts and features totally excavated and recorded. Features were photographed both before and after excavation. Recording included plans and section drawings were appropriate. In addition to photography and drawings the principal site records consisted of context and feature sheets, augmented by separate registers of small finds and samples. Levels were pencilled directly on to the site drawings. Due to the remote and inaccessible nature of the site it was not thought necessary to fence the excavation trenches.

3.4.5

A flexible sampling strategy was adopted with samples of 10 – 50% of contexts being taken as per requirement. Wet sieving was not carried out on site and all bulk samples were carried off site for later processing.

3.4.6

Excavation proceeded with the rapid removal of overburden using picks and shovels until the archaeological horizons were encountered. Finds and samples were recorded by trench number, context, grid-square and individual find/sample number. Excavation was stopped when archaeologically sterile contexts were reached.

3.4.7

To conform to current Health and safety guidelines trenches were stepped were thought necessary and relevant safety measures taken where appropriate. Continuous risk assessments were carried out throughout the excavations.

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4 RESULTS

4.1 Desk-based Research

4.1.1

The archive based research revealed that a small number of archaeological sites had already been recorded in the Local Archives and Regional and National Sites and Monuments Records (see below). The search of other available resources (maps, historical records etc.) produced no additional sites.

4.1.2

None of these sites could be said to have a direct bearing on the midden at Uamh an Eich Bhric, other than that sites 1, 4 and 5 may have been occupied at the same time as the cave on the shore.

Site No: Site Reference: Type of Site: OS Grid Ref.: 1 NG33SW 1 Broch with defended outwork at entrance. NG 3180 3333 2 NG33SW 5 Shieling Hut NG 3200 3220 3 NG33SW 17 Shieling hut NG 3063 3293 4 AALS archive Roundhouse NG 3216 3309 5 AALS archive Roundhouse NG 3244 3306

Table 1: Archaeological sites recovered during the desk-based research (See Fig. 3 - Blue)

Plate 7: Site 4 (blue) a ten meter diameter roundhouse. (Scale = 1 meter)

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4.2 Field Survey

4.2.1

Walkover survey of the surrounding area produced evidence for enclosure (boulder boundaries) and occupation (a roundhouse) possibly dating to the Late Bronze Age or Iron Age. In addition a number of shieling sites were recorded for the first time.

New sites were recorded on prepared recording sheets, a GPS position fixed using hand held units, and assessed for condition using four levels of visual survival:

Well Preserved - All elements visible and in close to original condition.

Ruinous - All elements visible, but some disturbance and collapse.

Degraded - Type of site still discernible but remains very disturbed.

Very degraded - Not possible to say with any certainty what category site belongs to.

Site No: Type of Site: Condition: GPS Grid Ref.: 6 Round House Degraded NG 3043 3213 7 Shieling group Degraded NG 3043 3213 8 Shieling group Ruinous NG 3035 3212 9 Shieling group Degraded NG 3073 3315 10 ‘U’ shaped Boulder wall Ruinous NG 3040 3212 11 Boulder wall (E-W Landscape boundary) Ruinous NG 3053 3248 12 Cave: Fiskavaig 2 (Midden?) Well preserved NG 3011 3281

Table 2: Archaeological sites recovered during the walkover survey. (See Fig. 3 - Red)

Fig. 3: Archaeological sites close to Uamh an Eich Bhric

Blue=Desk-based Research. Red=Walkover Survey

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Plate 8: Site 10 (red) the cliff top wall. Plate 9: Site 11 (red) the outfield boundary. (Scale = 1 meter) (Scale = 1 meter)

4.2.2

Of the 7 sites recovered during the walkover survey 3 may have a bearing on, or direct relationship with, the Late Iron Age occupation of Uamh an Eich Bhric. The ‘U’ shaped boulder wall at the cliff-top, (Site 10 on Fig. 3), relates directly to Uamh an Eich Bhric, as it cuts off the only land access to the site, preventing livestock from gaining access to the shore. Lying immediately to the east of the cliff top wall are the substantial remains of a 10 meter diameter roundhouse, (Site 6 on Fig. 3), now unfortunately partially buried beneath later shielings. Some 300 meters to the north of these two sites is a major east to west landscape boundary which runs from the cliff top to the summit of Beinn nan Dubh- lochan – again constructed of massive boulders. These three elements may represent the remains of a Late Iron Age farm comprising outfield boundary, farmhouse and elements of stock control.

4.3 Excavation

The 2008 season saw two trenches excavated at Uamh an Eich Bhric. The excavation of Trench 1 was carried out in April 2008 and Trench 2 during September through December 2008. Both trenches were positioned so as to remove from harm those areas suffering the most erosion. Trench 1 was located at the southern end of the visible midden; Trench 2 at the northern end of the midden. The two trenches were 6.80 meters apart. The depth of overburden and safety of personnel greatly affected the area available for excavation with health and safety aspects much to the fore.

4.3.1 Excavation of Trench 1

Trench 1, located to the south of the 3 massive boulders protecting the central section of the site, was the first to be excavated. The exposed midden face at this point was eroding rapidly, with almost 2 meters lost during the assessment period. Excavation of this area was deemed to be a priority. Trench 1 measured 4 meters on its eastern side, 3.40 meters on its southern and 2 meters on its northern side. The western side was the ragged eroding midden face.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 18 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Fig.4 Uamh an Eich Bhric rock-shelter:

Plan and location of trenches

4.3.1.1

Removal of 2.0 meters of overburden (C.1.01 & C.1.24) revealed a living/working surface (C.1.02) current at the time of abandonment – a surface that appeared to have developed around several large boulders derived from roof collapse. The major feature associated with this surface was a large stone-slab hearth (Feature 1.01), which unfortunately lay partially under the southern baulk of the trench. The removal of the boulders demonstrated that context 1.02 continued under the roof collapse and that the impact of the falling boulders had driven them deeply into the occupation surface giving a false impression of the relationship of roof collapse and occupation surface. Context 1.02 consisted of deep cultural deposits containing much extremely well preserved animal bone, a small shell midden (C.1.06) and quantities of heat cracked beach pebble derived from the adjacent shingle shore. Finds from this context include worked bone, worked stone, pottery sherds, iron and copper alloy objects and evidence for the smelting of copper alloys, (fragments of slag).

4.3.1.2

Removal of Context 1.02 revealed an earlier occupation surface (C.1.03) associated with a well built, but partially robbed, slab hearth (Feature 1.06) which, once again, lay partially under the baulk of the trench (east). Context 1.03 consisted of a charcoal rich cultural deposit containing burnt and unburned animal bone, worked bone, worked stone and copper alloy fragments associated with crucible fragments and small fragments of burnt daub.

4.3.1.3

Removal of Contexts 1.03 revealed an artificially levelled natural surface (C.1.16) consisting of clean rock fragments derived from roof shatter. Cut into and resting on this surface were a number of features belonging to the initial occupation of the cave. At the northern end of the trench and part under the north baulk was a substantial slab hearth (Feature 1.04). At the southern end of the trench was a small pit (Feature 1.07) that had been cut down into the underlying natural. This pit appeared to have been immediately back-filled with a mix of burnt pebble fragments, bone fragments and charcoal (C.1.29).

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Fig.5

Trench 1, southern section

Fig. 5: Trench 1 Southern Section

Fig. 6: Trench 1 and 2 - Plan of occupation surface at time of abandonment

4.3.1.4

Contexts 1.02 – 1.06, which represent the occupation of the shelter, contain considerable information relating to aspects of animal husbandry and the butchery of carcasses, plus some evidence for the smelting of copper. There is also evidence for either the smelting or smithing of iron. It is also evident that small domestic items (pins and points etc.) in bone and antler were also being produced at the site.

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Plate 10: Hearth F.101and Surface Plate 11: Hearth F.103 and surface of of Context 1.02 Context 1.03

4.3.2 Excavation of Trench 2

4.3.2.1

Trench 2 was located to the north of the three boulders protecting the centre of the midden. Due to appalling weather conditions and the exposed nature of the site the excavation of Trench 2 was spread over four months, (Sept. – Dec.), and it was not until January 2009 that that the final sections were drawn. (The northern section in trench 2 was destroyed by a January storm before it could be drawn – it survives in the record as photographs)

Trench 2 measured 3.20 meters on its eastern side, 2.50 meters on its southern and 4.0 meters on its northern side. The western side was the eroding midden face.

4.3.2.2

Removal of 1.5 meters of overburden (C.2.01) revealed a surface (C. 2.14) very similar to and probably contemporary with that revealed in Trench 1 (See Fig. 6 above). Context 2.14 consisted of deep cultural deposits containing much extremely well preserved animal bone and a well-preserved hearth (Features 2.01). This context again contained many heat- cracked beach pebbles derived from the adjacent shingle shore. Finds from this context include some worked bone and worked stone, but mainly consisted of pottery sherds, in several fabrics, with base, body and rim sherds all present. Copper alloy objects included part of a small ?finger ring and a fragment of very thin sheet.

4.3.2.3

Removal of Context 2.14 revealed a compacted surface composed of very fine black ash (C.2.21) which surrounded a hearth the west side of which had been lost to erosion by the

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 21 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009 sea (Feature 2.02). Contemporary with Context 2.21 and covering the southern half of the trench was an area of orange peat ash (C.2.18). Finds from C.2.21 consisted almost entirely of fragmented animal bone and pottery sherds – again in several fabrics. There were no finds from C.2.18.

4.3.2.4

Removal of Contexts 2.21/2.18 revealed a third compacted surface comprising overlapping contexts 2.15, 2.19 and 2.20 which during their deposition grew up around three successive hearths. The primary hearth (F.2.04) which rested directly on the natural, consisted of a mound of orange peat ash retained on its south and east sides by a kerb of jaw and leg bones (Red Deer) and on its north and west sides by closely set stones. Running over Feature 2.04 from the north-west, and therefor later, was a hearth (Feature 2.05) associated with Context 2.19 consisting of a circular kerb of beach pebbles retaining a red/orange ash. Overlapping hearth (F.2.04) from the east, and perhaps contemporary with feature 2.05, was a slab hearth associated with Context 2.15 that unfortunately lay partially under the eastern baulk of the trench.

4.3.2.5

Removal of the above contexts revealed an artificially levelled natural surface consisting of rock fragment derived from roof shatter (C.2.16), into which a series of post and stake holes had been dug/forced (Features 207 – 228). These features were not visible in the context above but are consistent with a screen around Heath F. 2.04.

Fig. 7: Trench 2 – Southern section

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Fig. 8: Trenches 1 and 2 - Plan of features relating to the initial occupation surface.

Plate 12: Hearth – Feature 2.01 Plate 13: Hearth – Feature 2.04 (Scale = 1m & 0.5m) (Scale = 0.5m)

4.4. Discussion

4.4.1

Excavations undertaken during the 2008 season have achieved the aims and objectives as set out prior to the start of work. In addition they have produced results relating to the nature, composition, complexity and phasing of the surviving midden deposits. They have also produced an impressive amount of faunal remains and related evidence (butchery) to take forward to post-excavation analysis.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 23 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

4.4.2

Excavations have also recovered evidence for the deposition of materials within the midden, with different processes and categories of finds being located/deposited in different areas of the midden – with shell middens, fish bone middens, pottery dumps and bone heaps all being discernible. It should also be possible, during the 2009 season, by extending Trench 1 to the south, to localise the production of small copper alloy items to the southern part of Trench 1.

4.4.3

It has also been possible to identify 4 distinctly different types of hearth, often closely related within the same occupation horizon (See Fig. 9 below) it is feasible that each may have had a different function. It may therefor be possible, through analysis of fire ash samples, to establish the function of these differing hearth types.

4.4.4

Several important categories of small finds were recovered in association with distinct floor deposits including: worked bone and antler, pottery, stone and pebble tools and iron and copper alloy items. It should eventually be possible to closely date these finds. Much evidence (crucible and mould fragments and copper alloy scrap) was also recovered indicating the production of small copper alloy items at the site – a rare and important category of find for the Late Atlantic Iron Age.

4.4.5

All of the evidence recovered from the midden at Uamh an Eich Bhric may have been deposited within a very tight time span – perhaps as little as 30 years, probably no more than 100 years. As more dates are processed it should be possible to be more specific regarding the life of the site and its potential for dating other sites and small finds in the Late Atlantic Iron Age.

Plate 14: Find No. 1.06, Disc headed rivet Plate 15: Find No. 1.22, ½ stone bead (scale = mm) (scale = mm)

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 24 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Fig. 9: Uamh an Eich Bhric – Hearth types 1 – 4.

Hearth type No. of Description examples Type 1. Kerbed, circular 1 Circular setting of stones and beach pebbles set on edge. Type 2. Kerbed and cobbled, 2 Circular setting of stones containing tightly packed beach circular pebbles. Type 3. Paved 6 Setting of flat, water worn, slabs with kerb of pebbles set on edge around sides. Type 4. Kerbed. Square 1 Square hearth setting with kerb of stones and red deer long bones

Table 3: Hearth types in Trenches 1 an 2 (see Figure 9 above for examples)

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 25 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

5. FURTHER WORK

5.1 Excavation

A second season of excavation has been funded by Historic Scotland and will take place in April and July 2009. On completion of the excavation in 2009 an estimated ninety-percent of the midden will have been excavated. The remaining ten-percent of the midden lies below prohibitively deep overburden and will be left in situ.

5.2 Post Excavation Analysis

This report is interim in nature and provides a partial analysis of the material recovered from the first seasons excavations at the Fiskavaig rock shelter. The post-excavation analysis is ongoing. The specialist involved in this work will continue their detailed analysis of the recovered artefacts and ecofacts. An initial analysis of small finds has been completed and is presented in chapter six below. Analysis of the bone assemblage is ongoing. A further eight samples have been submitted to Historic Scotland for radiocarbon dating. This work was undertaken by Mike Cressey of CFA Archaeology. The submissions for radiocarbon dating have been processed by Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) at East Kilbride. The radiocarbon dating results, including the two privately funded submissions from the initial site assessment, are presented below.

5.3 Publication and Dissemination of Information

Interim specialist reports will initially be placed on the High Pasture cave web-site (www.high-pasture-cave.org) and final reports will be published as and when completed. We have already delivered illustrated lectures on the work at Fiskavaig at local and national level and will continue to do so as the work progresses.

6. REFERENCES

MacKie, E.W. (2000) Excavations at Dun Ardtreck, Skye in 1964 and 1965. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 130, 301-411

Wildgoose, M., Birch, S. (2006) Uamh an Eich Bhric. A Midden Site reduced by Erosion. Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey: Report No. 172.

Wildgoose, M., Birch, S. (2007) Uamh an Eich Bhric (Fiskavaig 1). An Eroding Midden Site Revisited. Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey: Report No. 181.

Wildgoose, M., Birch, S. (2008) Uamh an Eich Bhric (Fiskavaig 1). An Eroding Midden Revisited. Archaeological and Ancient Landscape Survey: Report No. 185.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 26 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

7. SMALL FINDS ASSESSMENT

UAMH AN EICH BHRIC, FISKAVAIG, ISLE OF SKYE

ASSESSMENT REPORT ON SMALL FINDS

Fraser Hunter & Dawn McLaren

7.1 SITE ASSESSMENT 2006 - 2007

FACTUAL DATA

The small assemblage of 25 objects from the first phase of work on the site comprises bone, ceramic, copper alloy, iron and vitrified material. A summary of the assemblage is presented below.

Material Quantity Description Vitrified material 1 Stone with adhering glassy slag Stone 1 Natural crystal fragment, no evidence of working

Bone 4 Needle or pin with perforated head Roughouts Working debris Iron 1 Unidentified CuA 8 Needle Ingot Sheet, strip and rod fragments Casting debris Ceramic 10 Mostly body sherds of hand made course vessels, some rim sherds.

Table 4: summary of small finds assemblage

This material was recovered in 2006 and 2007 during preliminary investigations of a later prehistoric midden within a rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric. The site is being actively eroded by the sea, resulting in instability and collapse of sections of the deposit. These finds were recovered from secure positions within the exposed midden face.

This mixed assemblage comprises finds of stone, bone, metal and ceramic. The single stone fragment, a crystal flake, has no evidence of working but would merit examination by a geologist. Examination of the bone objects by an osteologist to determine species and skeletal element is recommended.

The metal objects are badly degraded and require stabilisation. The iron object is unidentifiable in its current condition and requires X-radiography and perhaps conservation to allow identification. The copper alloy fragments are actively corroding and require stabilisation and conservation. Non-destructive XRF analysis is recommended for all the copper alloy fragments.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 27 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL

This small assemblage of finds from the rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric is highly significant due to the presence of bone manufacturing evidence and non-ferrous metalworking debris. Well-stratified animal bone from the midden has been dated to 60- 240 AD, making this one of the few recently excavated and securely dated Iron Age sites with evidence of metalworking in Skye and western Scotland. The evidence of non-ferrous metalworking here compliments that from High Pasture Cave, Skye, where crucible fragments have been recovered in association with an earlier Iron Age structure. Despite the small quantity of finds recovered from this initial investigation at Uamh an Eich Bhric, their study may afford a greater understanding of the role of metalworking, and craft activities in general, within Iron Age society, and the role of cave and rock shelter sites in the Iron Age landscape. A wider assemblage was recovered from the second phase of work on the site in 2008, and fuller discussion will be delayed until this assemblage has been considered.

Table 5 below identifies finds which merit illustration .

SF No Material Description Illustrate 07/14 Bone Needle of pin with perforated head. Unfinished or minimal use X 022 Bone Pin roughout X 025 Bone Roughout for bone point X 06/2 CuA Ingot fragment X 06/1 CuA Needle X 06/9 CuA Casting debris and strip ? 07/21 CuA Sheet fragment ? 06/4 CuA Strip fragments ? 06/05 Ceramic 1 sherd, rim X 06/06 Ceramic 2 sherds, 1 is rim sherd X

Table 5: Recommended finds for illustration

Plate16: Find No. 1.29, Notched bone skin scraper (scale = mm)

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 28 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

7.2 SECOND PHASE OF WORK: Excavation of Trenches 1 and 2.

ASSESSMENT REPORT ON 2008 SMALL FINDS

Fraser Hunter & Dawn McLaren

FACTUAL DATA

This small assemblage of 176 objects from the 2008 phase of excavation on the site comprises bone, ceramic, copper alloy, iron, stone and vitrified material. A summary of the assemblage is presented in the table below.

Material Quantity Description Includes needle fragments, a skin scaper, pin/points and a suite Of unfinished items such as pin/points, a bead, a spindle whorl Bone/antler 14 and roughouts 124 pottery sherds consisting mainly of body sherds. Rim, base and decorated sherds also present. Unusual perforated and Ceramic 125 decorated ceramic disc – possible lid? Includes disc-headed rivet, cast projecting ring-headed pin, Copper alloy 12 fragmentary fine ring and several sheet and strip fragments Iron 7 2 possible blades, a ring, bar fragments and several unidentified fragmentary objects. Slag 3 Unclassified iron slag Range of cobble tools including a burnisher, grinder, possible hammer stone and smoother. 3 joining fragments of a stone Stone 12 palette and an unfinished/re-used stone pendant in unusual stone Vitrified ceramic 3 Includes a possible mould fragment

Table 6: summary of small finds assemblage

This small finds assemblage was recovered during the 2008 excavations of a later prehistoric site situated within a rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric, Skye. The site is being actively eroded by the sea, resulting in instability and collapse of sections of the deposit. These finds have been recovered from secure positions within the exposed midden face as well as from two trenches which were excavated further into the interior of the rock shelter, exposing several features including hearths, possible floor levels, pits and post holes.

Preliminary investigations in 2006 and 2007 recovered a small quantity of artefacts that included evidence of non-ferrous metal working in the form of casting debris, and an ingot, and bone/antler working. There were also ten sherds of hand-made pottery (see table 4 above). The 2008 assemblage is consistent with the finds from the previous seasons evaluation with further evidence of bone/antler working in the form of roughouts and unfinished objects. A greater quantity and range of copper alloy objects were recovered in 2008 with an emphasis on finished objects, such as a small, cast, projecting ring-headed pin and a disc-headed rivet, rather than evidence of production, although small fragments of vitrified ceramic are present which may be mould or crucible fragments. In addition to non-ferrous metalworking, limited evidence of ironworking is now present in the form of a small quantity of unclassified iron slag. Whether this represents evidence of smelting or smithing is unclear due to the small size and fractured condition of the fragments. The

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 29 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009 preparation and working of leather is also represented by a bone skin-scaper and at least one possible stone smoother, while textile production is hinted at by the presence of an unfinished bone spindle whorle.

The worked bone/antler from the 2008 excavations complements that recovered in the preliminary investigations, with a greater range of unfinished and finished objects present. These include needle fragments, pins/points and a suite of unfinished objects and roughouts that indicate bone, antler and possibly cetacean bone was being worked on the site.

A limited range of stone cobble tools was recovered including possible hammerstones, grinders, smoothers and multi-function tools. Many of these general tools may have been used to process foodstuffs but could equally have been used to prepare clay for potting, grinding pigments or crush ore for metalworking. More unusual stone items are also present, including three joining fragments of a highly polished palette and an unfinished or re-used pendant of an unusual stone. The worked stone objects would benefit from an examination by a geologist to identify the lithologies present.

A small number of badly corroded iron objects are present, including two possible blade fragments and an iron ring. All will require x-rays and conservation prior to further examination.

One fragment of copper alloy (SF 18, Trench 2) was listed but not present amongst the assemblage.

FURTHER WORK

The copper alloy and iron objects are badly degraded and require stabilisation. The iron objects are friable and many cannot be identified in their current condition. The iron requires X-radiography and cleaning to stabilise and to allow identification. The copper alloy fragments are actively corroding and require stabilisation and conservation. A stone palette, of which three joining fragments are present, would benefit from being rejoined. A full list of items requiring conservation is included in Appendix 1.

Examination of the bone objects by an osteologist to determine species and skeletal element is recommended and identification of the lithologies of the worked stone by a geologist would be greatly beneficial.

Non-destructive XRF analysis is recommended for all the copper alloy fragments.

A small quantity of objects, particularly the copper alloy and worked bone/antler merit illustration for publication (see Appendix 2).

STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL

The 2008 small assemblage of finds from the rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric compliments those found in the 2007-07 preliminary investigations and enhances our understanding of the activities taking place within the rock shelter during the late Iron Age. Further evidence of non-ferrous metelworking and bone/antler working is present as well

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 30 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009 as new evidence for leather-working, textile production, food processing/storage and limited evidence for iron working. Well-stratified animal bone from the midden has been dated to 60-240 AD, making this one of the few recently excavated and securely dated Iron Age sites with evidence for metalworking in Skye and western Scotland: it is a highly significant site. The evidence for non-ferrous and ferrous metalworking here compliments that from High Pasture cave, Skye, were crucible fragments have been recovered in association with an Earlier Iron Age structure.

Full study and publication of this small find assemblage is recommended as it has the potential to afford a greater understanding of craft activities within Iron Age society and the role of the site in the wider Iron Age landscape.

APPENDIX 1: SMALL FINDS REQUIRING CONSERVATION

SF No Trench Context Material Short description Conservationrecommendations 5 1 2 Fe Flat iron object, ?blade X-ray required. Cleaning may be required after x-ray 6 1 2 CuA Disc-headed CuA rivet Stabilisation and cleaning required X-ray required. Cleaning may be 9 1 6 Fe Iron object? required after x-ray 10 2 14 CuA Bent copper alloy strip Cleaning and stabilisation required 11 1 2 CuA Fragmentary fine ring Stabilisation and cleaning required Stabilisation and cleaning required. Unclear at this stage if all the Copper alloy object fragments are part of one object & 33 1 2 CuA including sheet fragments Can therefor be rejoined Two small unclassified Small iron object requires x-ray. Slag & Fragments of iron slag. 1 Cleaning may be required after x- 34 1 2 Fe Flat iron object. ray Requires x-ray. Cleaning may be 36 Erosion Fe Iron object/?fine tool required after x-ray Copper alloy sheet mount 37 1 2 CuA With rivet Stabilisation and cleaning required X-ray required. Cleaning may be 37 Erosion Fe Small iron bar required after x-ray X-ray required. Cleaning Recommended. Can this be 43 1 2 Fe Iron ring Rejoined? X-ray required. Cleaning and Stabilisation may be required after 45 1 2 Fe Iron object, ?blade x-ray 56 2 21 CuA Copper alloy strip with rivet Cleaning and stabilisation required Projecting ring-headed pin, 57 1 8 CuA Cast Stabilisation and cleaning required Stabilisation and cleaning required. Unclear at this stage whether they 72 1 29 CuA Copper alloy fragments are all from the same object. Fragment of stone pallete. 87 2 20 Stone Joins with 108 & 112 Rejoin with sf 108 & 112 Copper alloy object, 105 2 20 CuA Bent strip Cleaning and stabilisation required 108 2 20 Stone Fragment of stone pallete. Joins with 87 & 112 Rejoin with sf 87 & 112 110 2 20 CuA Copper alloy strip, bent Cleaning and stabilisation required 112 2 20 Stone Fragment of stone pallete. Joins with 87 & 108 Rejoin with sf 87 & 108 113 2 20 CuA Copper alloy sheet Cleaning and stabilisation required

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 31 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

APPENDIX 2: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ILLUSTRATION

SF Trench Context Material Short description No 2 1 6 Bone/antler Antler tine roughout 5 1 2 Fe Flat iron object, ?blade 6 1 6 CuA Disc-headed CuA rivet 7 1 6 Bone/antler Needle 8 1 6 Stone Burnisher 10 2 14 CuA Bent copper alloy strip 11 1 2 CuA Fragmentary fine ring 17 1 2 Bone/antler Unfinished pin/point Unfinished stone ?pendant in 22 1 2 Stone Unusual stone 29 1 2 Bone/antler Skin scraper 32 Erosion Vit. Ceramic Possible mould fragment 33 2 14 Bone/antler Pin/point 35 2 14 Bone/antler Unfinished bone spindle whorle 36 Erosion Fe Iron object, ?fine tool Copper alloy sheet mount with 37 1 2 CuA Rivet. 39 1 2 Bone/antler Bone roughout, rib 40 1 2 Bone/antler Antler roughout 43 1 2 Fe Iron ring 45 1 2 Fe Iron object, ?blade Unfinished bead, ?Cetacean 45 2 21 Bone/antler bone 52 1 13 Bone/antler Roughout 56 2 21 CuA Copper alloy strip with rivet 57 1 8 CuA Projecting ring-headed pin, cast 62 2 15 Ceramic Fragment of a decorated Ceramic object, ?lid 72 1 29 CuA Copper alloy fragments 87, 108 Three joining fragments of 112 2 20 Stone Stone palette. 95 2 20 Bone/antler Point 105 2 20 CuA Copper alloy object, bent strip 110 2 20 CuA Copper alloy strip, bent

Plate 17: Find 1.07 Bone/antler needle (scale = mm)

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 32 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

8 RADIOCARBON DATING PROGRAM and PELIMINARY SITE PHASING

8.1 Introduction

A total of ten radiocarbon dates have been processed to date. The samples were gathered from key contexts – two samples from the initial site assessment and eight samples from the first seasons excavations. The initial two samples were funded privately. Historic Scotland funded the eight samples from the first season of excavation. The samples were submitted to the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) at East Kilbride, Scotland. The results of the radiocarbon assays are listed below in conventional years BP (before 1950 AD), while the error is expressed at the one sigma level of confidence (95.4% probability).

8.2 Results

The results listed below are grouped by trench number and are also identified by context and feature number where applicable. The sample material is also shown.

8.2.1 Initial Site Assessment

Laboratory Code Context Feature Material Radiocarbon Age BP: Calibrated Age SUERC-14657 C.04 - Bone 1870 ± 35BP 80 – 210AD GU-15445 SUERC-16630 C.20 - Bone 1905 ± 35BP 50 – 175AD GU-

8.2.2 Trench 1

Laboratory Code Context Feature Material Radiocarbon Age BP: Calibrated Age SUERC-23643 1.29 - Corylus sp 1855 ± 35BP 70 – 240AD (GU-18588) SUERC-23649 1.02 - Corylus sp 1875 ± 35BP 60 – 240AD (GU-18591) SUERC-24022 1.29 - Bone 1845 ± 35BP 70 – 250AD (GU-18592) SUERC-23652 1.03 - Betula sp 1910 ± 35BP 50 - 220AD (GU18595)

8.2.3 Trench 2

Laboratory Code Context Feature Material Radiocarbon Age BP: Calibrated Age SUERC-23644 2.20 - Corylus sp 1865 ± 35BP 70 – 240AD (GU18589) SUERC-23645 2.20 - Corylus sp 1975 ± 35BP 50BC – 90AD (GU-19590) SUERC-23651 2.20 - Corylus sp 1890 ± 35BP 50 – 230AD (GU-18594) SUERC-23650 2.14 - Bone 1925 ± 35BP 40BC – 140AD (GU-18593 Cattle tibia

Table 4: Radiocarbon Results

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 33 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

8.3 Preliminary Site Phasing

Excavation at Uamh an Eich Brhic, Fiskavaig in 2008, combined with the radiocarbon dates outlined above, has allowed us to present a tentative chronological phasing for the occupation of the site. This will of course be subject to adjustment as the results of the 2009 excavations, additional radiocarbon dates and further analysis are taken into consideration.

8.3.1

Initial results would seem to indicate that activity at the site occurred somewhere between the mid 1st century and the mid 2nd Century AD. Given the small depth of deposits, (nowhere more than 300mm deep) occupation over this period was either occasional or very intensive over a relatively short period of time.

Appendix 1. List of Contexts: Trenches 1 and 2

Context numbers (except for C. 25 – 33) relate to the eroded midden face which was drawn and numbered prior to excavation of Trench 1 and 2. Relevant Trench locations are shown in brackets. Contexts 25 – 33 were assigned during the excavations.

Context Number Description of Context 01 Post occupation accumulation of roof shatter and animal (T. 1 & 2) droppings. Consists of small and large boulders in a matrix of degraded animal droppings and rock dust. Some small bones and seashells present. 02 Part of main occupation midden. Consists of mix of wood ash, (T.1) charcoal, small boulder clasts and pebbles. At least 50% of the context is fresh looking animal bone. Pottery and copper alloy fragments present. 03 Initial occupation layer. Consists of compacted wood charcoal (T.1) and black ash. Copper alloy fragments present 04 Part of main occupation midden. Consists of a mix of fresh (T.1) looking animal bone and seashells (Limpets & Periwinkles) in a matrix of fine, grey wood ash. 05 A lens of compacted grey wood ash. (T.1) 06 Limpet midden. Small amount of bone present. (T.1) 07 A lens of white wood ash and small charcoal fragments. (T.1) 08 A lens of compacted grey wood ash. (T.1) 09 A rounded lump of orange clay. (No longer plastic) (T.1) 10 A lens of fine grey ash containing limpets (T.1) 11 A mixed deposit containing grey and black ash mixed with Outside excavated area bone and sea shells 12 An isolated lens of very fine grey ash. Outside excavated area

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 34 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Context Number Description of Context 13 A distinct layer of very fine orange ash. (T.1) 14 Part of main occupation midden. Consist of bone shell and (T.2) charcoal in a black ashy matrix. Some small rock clasts and pebbles present. 15 A buff/yellow silty matrix with a fine black ash at the base. (T.2) 16 A crushed rock surface lying immediately under the midden (T.1 & 2) deposits. 17 A mix of large rock clasts and roof shatter with many voids. (T.1 & 2) 18 Lens of fine orange ash. (T.2) 19 A lens of purple/pink ash. (T.2) 20 A lens of very fine compacted black ash containing some bone. (T.2) 21 A lens of grey/black ash containing some bone. (T.2) 22 A small open pocket containing articulated bone and a pig tusk. Outside excavated area 23 A deposit of wave sorted roof shatter containing some bone & (T.2) shell. 24 Multiple, very fine, wind blown layers of degraded animal (T.1) droppings containing varying amounts of fish bone. 25 A distinct mound of pink to buff very fine wood ash containing (T.1) less than 5% stone. Lies on the surface of C.02 and supports Feature 1.01. 26 Well defined area of fine black wood ash surrounding Feature (T.1) 1.04 27 A 20mm layer of fine (degraded) wind-blown animal (T.1) droppings similar to C.01. Lies under C. 03 and over C. 28. 28 30mm layer of black and white gritty wood ash. Contains 5%+ (T.1) - small rock chips. Lies under C.27 and over C.16 29 Mix of burnt and shattered pebbles and shattered stone. Fill of (T.1) pit Feature 1.07. 30 Dense patch of burnt bone fragments and bone ash lying to the (T.2) SE side of Hearth/Feature 2.02. Underlies C.2.14 and overlies C. 2.21 31 Burnt bone fragments and bone ash from/in Feature 2.03. (T.2) Underlies Feature 2.02. Cuts C.2.15. 32 Mound of fine orange ash contained within kerb of Feature (T.2) 2.04. Underlies C.2.15. Overlies C. 2.20 33 Mound of fine orange and black ash contained within kerb of (T.2) Feature 2.05.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 35 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Appendix 2. Trench 1: Features Register

Feature No: Context Relationship: Description: F1.01 Lies on the surface of Paved Hearth. (Red ash on surface and C.1.02 and under C.1.24 charcoal fragments all around.) F1.02 Underlies C.1.02 and Pebble Hearth. (All pebbles are fire- Overlies C.1.03 cracked with black ash lying between the pebbles). F1.03 Underlies C.1.02 and Paved Hearth. (Part eroded by wave overlies C.1.03 action) F.1.04 Underlies C.1.03 and Paved Hearth. (Part underlies east baulk of overlies C.1.16 Trench 1). F.1.05 Underlies C.1.02. Cuts Post Hole. (Well-defined post hole with C.1.03 pebbles used as packers. 70mm post-pipe). F.1.06 Underlies C.1.03 and Paved Hearth. (Partially robbed out. overlies C.1.16. Contemporary with Features 1.04 & 1.07) F.1.07 Cut into surface of Pit. (back-filled with heat-cracked pebbles C.1.16. Sealed by C.1.03. bone fragments and charcoal).

Appendix 3. Trench 2: Features Register

Feature No: Context Relationship: Description: F2.01 Within C.2.14. on Paved Hearth. (beach pebble kerb around surface of C.2.21 Earlier north and west sides). than Feature 2.02 F.2.02 Underlies C.2.14 and lies Paved Hearth. (West side part eroded away on surface of C.2.21 by wave action. East side part robbed). F.2.03 Underlies Feature 2.02 Pit. (Shallow oval pit measuring 320mm and cuts C.2.15 N-S by 280mm E-W by 120mm deep. Filled with white bone ash C.231). F.2.04 Underlies C.2.15. Lies on Kerbed Hearth. (Mound of orange ash surface of C.2.16 with kerb of stones on W and N sides and animal long bones and jaws laid end to end on S and E sides). F.2.05 Underlies C.2.15 and Kerbed Hearth. (Mound of red ash overlies C. 2.20 surrounded by a kerb of well-laid beach pebbles. Part robbed). F.2.06 Lies within C. 2.20 Paved Hearth. (Kerb of stones set on edge around both visible sides). F.2.07 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (Measures 80mm diameter and visible in surface of 252mm deep). C. 2.20 F.2.08 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (60mm diameter and 150mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.09 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (25mm diameter and 75mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.10 Cuts C. 2.16 but not seen Stake hole. (20mm diameter and 310mm in surface of C. 2.20 deep).

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 36 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

F.2.11 Visible in the surface of Post Hole. (200mm diameter and 270mm C.2.20. Cuts C.2.16 deep. 3 packing stones.) F.2.12 Visible in the surface of Post Hole. (210mm diameter and 180mm C.2.20. Cuts C.2.16 deep). F.2.13 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (30mm diameter and 75mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.14 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (35mm diameter and 80mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.15 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (40mm diameter and 140mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.16 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (25mm diameter and 140mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.17 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (15mm diameter and 120mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.18 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (20mm diameter and 200mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.19 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (15mm diameter and 140mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.20 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (15mm diameter and 90mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2021 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (20mm diameter and 280mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.22 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (20mm diameter and 110mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.23 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (15mm diameter and 230mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.24 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (20mm diameter and 300mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.25 Cuts C. 2.16 but not Stake Hole. (20mm diameter and 350mm visible in surface of deep). C. 2.20 F.2.26 Cuts C. 2.16 Stake Hole. (40mm diameter and 110mm deep). F.2.27 Visible in the surface of Post Hole. (90mm diameter and 260mm C.2.20. Cuts C.2.16 deep). F.2.28 Visible in the surface of Post Hole. (80mm diameter and 150mm C.2.20. Cuts C.2.16 deep).

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 37 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Appendix 4: Digital Image Register

Image Description: Comment BJ001 Shaun Puckering approaching the rock shelter by boat Overcast BJ002 Passing below Rubha nan Clach on route to the site Overcast BJ003 Looking south from Rubha nan Clach towards the rock shelter Overcast BJ004 Uamh an Eich Bhric located below the highest section of cliff in this image Overcast BJ005 As BJ004 above, but closer angle of view Overcast BJ006 Looking into the rock shelter of Uamh an Eich Bhric from the W Overcast BJ007 As BJ006 above, but showing the full height of the cliff above the shelter Overcast BJ008 A closer view of the rock shelter at the base of the cliffs from the SSW Overcast BJ009 Looking NE towards Geodh’ an Eich Bhric and the second rock shelter Overcast BJ011 A view of Uamh an Eich Bhric rock shelter from the W Overcast BJ012 Looking S towards Geodh’ an Eich Bhric from Rubha nan Clach Overcast GEB002 A view N towards the rock shelter the approach at the base of the cliffs Overcast GEB003 The rock shelter from the NW showing eroded talus material and midden in Overcast the section GEB004 As GEB003 above, but wider angle of view showing cliffs above Overcast GEB005 Uamh an Eich Bhric from the WNW showing location at base of cliffs Overcast GEB006 As GEB005 above but wider angle of view showing surviving talus to south Overcast of rock shelter GEB007 Eroding midden face at N end of rock shelter with 1m scale Overcast GEB008 Detail of eroding midden at the N end of shelter showing archaeological Overcast deposits located between layers of shattered rock from roof collapse GEB009 Eroding midden at S end of rock shelter with 1m scale Overcast GEB010 Detail of eroding midden at S end of site with animal bone, pottery and fire- Overcast cracked pebbles GEB011 View looking W from the back of the rock shelter with George Kozikowski Overcast taking video footage of exposed midden GEB012 View looking down into the rock shelter from the talus slopes to the S Overcast showing the extent of erosion in this area of the site GEB013 As GEB012 above, but wider angle of view Overcast GEB014 Wide angle view of the rock shelter from the S from the surviving talus Overcast deposits GEB015 As image GEB014 above, but showing more of the cliffs above the site Overcast GEB016 As image GEB013 above Overcast GEB017 Looking down onto eroding deposits in the rock shelter from the S Overcast GEB018 Detail of eroding midden deposits at S end of site showing pottery, animal Overcast bone and fire-cracked pebbles (10 pence piece for scale) GEB019 Eroding fish bone midden and animal bone at S end of site, with 10 pence Overcast piece for scale GEB020 Detail of eroding midden deposits in centre of rock shelter from W including Overcast upper stone from a rotary quern GEB021 As image GEB020 above but with 1m scale Overcast GEB022 View down onto the eroding quern stone from the E with 1m scale Overcast GEB024 As image GEB022 above, but closer angle of view Overcast GEB025 View of the rock shelter from the WNW showing the cliffs above Overcast GEB026 Martin Wildgoose with the recovered rotary quern stone and 1m scale Overcast GEB027 Underside of upper rotary quern of Torridonian Sandstone and 1m scale Overcast GEB028 Edge view of the rotary quern with 1m scale Overcast GEB029 View of upper surface of rotary quern with 1m scale Blurred GEB030 A selection of animal bone recovered from the washed-out midden showing Overcast varying stages of preservation and bleaching GEB033 View into the rock shelter from the WSW Overcast GEB034 As image GEB033 above, but wider angle of view showing cliff detail Overcast GEB035 View S out of the second rock shelter at Geodh’ an Eich Bhric. This rock Overcast shelter is complete and has not been eroded by the sea GEB036 As image GEB035 above Overcast

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 38 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image: Description: Comment: GEB037 View S out of the second rock shelter showing detail of floor deposits Overcast/ Flash GEB038 View NE along the coast to the two rock shelters at Geodh’ an Eich Bhric – Overcast the nearest shelter is Uamh an Eich Bhric GEB039 As image GEB038 above, but narrower angle of view Overcast GEB040 As GEB039 above, but using zoom to pick out the two rock shelters Overcast GEB042 Wide angle view showing the two rock shelters from the WSW Overcast GEB047 Looking into the rock shelter of Uamh an Eich Bhric from the WSW Overcast GEB049 As image GEB047 above, but narrower angle of view Overcast GEB051 As GEB049, but showing full height of cliff above the shelter Overcast GEB052 Looking over the pebble beach from the WSW into the rock shelter Overcast GEB053 As image GEB052 above, but closer angle of view Overcast GEB054 Looking N along the exposed midden face to MacLeaod’s Maidens, Duirinish Shadows GEB055 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 1 Mar 2007 Overcast GEB056 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 2 Overcast GEB057 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 3 Overcast GEB058 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 4 Overcast GEB059 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 5 Overcast GEB060 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 6 Overcast GEB061 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 7 Overcast GEB062 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 8 Overcast GEB063 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 9 Overcast GEB064 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 10 Overcast GEB065 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 11 Overcast GEB066 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 12 Overcast GEB067 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 13 Overcast GEB068 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 14 Overcast GEB069 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 15 Overcast GEB070 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 16 Overcast GEB071 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 17 Overcast GEB072 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 18 Overcast GEB073 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 19 Overcast GEB074 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 20 Overcast GEB075 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 21 Overcast GEB076 Exposed midden face working S – montage shot 22 Overcast GEB077 Looking N into the rock shelter showing the back recess Shadows GEB078 As image GEB077 above, but wider angle of view looking NE Shadows GEB079 Looking N along the exposed midden face towards MacLeaod’s Maidens Shadows GEB080 The entrance to the second rock shelter at Geodh’ an Eich Bhric from the S Overcast showing the intact talus in front of the rock shelter GEB081 Looking S through the interior of the second rock shelter Overcast GEB082 As image GEB081 above Overcast GEB083 Looking S from the entrance to the second rock shelter at Geodh’ an Eich Overcast Bhric, showing George Kozikowski and waterfall Section – Photomontage of eroding section starting from N end of rock shelter at Uamh Overcast Part 1 an Eich Bhric (2007) Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 1a Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 2 Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 3 Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 3a Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 4

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 39 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 4a Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 4b Section – Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric Overcast Part 5 Full Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric – Overcast Section March 2007 Full Photomontage of eroding section of rock shelter at Uamh an Eich Bhric – Overcast Section 2 October 2007 Fisk001 Detail of eroding midden section showing articulated animal bone (vertebrae) Overcast and burnt residues – October 2007 (scale =0.5m) Fisk002 As image Fisk001 above Overcast Fisk003 Location of fish bone deposit at S end of rock shelter (scale = 0.5m & 0.2m) Overcast Fisk004 As image Fisk003 above, but closer angle of view Overcast Fisk005 As image Fisk003 above, but detailed view showing fish bone layers Overcast Fisk006 As image Fisk002 above Overcast Fisk007 Ian Suddaby sampling the fish bone midden at the S end of the site Overcast Fisk009 As image Fisk007 above Overcast Fisk010 Martin Wildgoose recording the eroding section at the rock shelter – looking Overcast NE Fisk011 As image Fisk010 above, but narrow angle of view Overcast Fisk012 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 1 Oct 2007 Overcast Fisk013 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 2 Overcast Fisk014 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 3 Overcast Fisk015 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 4 Overcast Fisk016 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 5 Overcast Fisk017 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 6 Overcast Fisk018 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 7 Overcast Fisk019 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 8 Overcast Fisk020 The exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 9 Overcast Fisk021 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 10 Overcast Fisk022 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 11 Overcast Fisk023 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 12 Overcast Fisk024 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 13 Overcast Fisk025 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 14 Overcast Fisk026 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 15 Overcast Fisk027 Exposed N end of the midden from the W – montage shot 16 Overcast Fisk028 Looking S along the eroding midden face with Martin Wildgoose recording Overcast the section Fisk029 As Fisk028 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Fisk030 As Fisk029 above, but wider angle of view showing extent of rock shelter Overcast Fisk031 As Fisk030 above, but narrow angle of view showing cliffs above the site Overcast Fisk032 View N through site showing erosion edge at front of midden Overcast Fisk033 As image Fisk032 above, but wider angle of view showing full extent of the Overcast rock shelter Fisk034 Looking NE into the back of the shelter and showing the location of the Overcast eroding edge of the midden/site Fisk035 Martin Wildgoose recording eroding midden at S end of site Overcast Fisk036 Eroding bones of small animal at S end of midden Overcast Fisk037 As image Fisk036 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Exc001 Trench 1 from the N – removing overburden Overcast Exc002 As image Exc001 above Overcast Exc003 As image Exc001 above, but closer view of trench Overcast Exc004 As image Exc001 above, but narrow angle of view showing part of roof of Overcast shelter Exc005 Martin Wildgoose removing overburden in Trench 1, with midden clearly Overcast visible in eroding face below

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 40 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Exc006 Trench 1 from the S showing location in rock shelter Overcast Exc008 Trench 1 from the NW during removal of overburden Overcast Exc009 Trench 1 from the NW – cleaning down to the top of the midden deposits Overcast Exc010 Trench 1 from the N showing location within rock shelter Shadows Exc011 As Exc010 above, but wider angle of view Shadows Exc012 Trench 1 under excavations, from the NNW Shadows Exc013 Excavations in Trench 1, from the SW Shadows Exc014 Trench 1 from the E – cleaning down to the top of the midden deposits and Sun & hearth F1.01 shadow Exc015 Trench 1 from the W – cleaning down to the top of the midden deposits and Sun & hearth F1.01 shadow Exc016 Looking down into excavations in Trench 1 showing large boulders resulting Sun & from collapse of rock shelter roof after abandonment of site shadow Exc017 Trench 1 from N showing boulders from roof and hearth F1.01 (scale = 1m) Shadows Exc018 As image Exc017 above (scale = 1m) Shadows Exc020 As Image Exc018 above (scales = 1m & 2m) Shadows Exc021 Trench 1 from S showing boulders from roof failure (scales = 1m & 2m) Shadows Exc024 Trench 1 from NE showing hearth F1.01 And S baulk of trench (scale = 0.5m) Shadows Exc025 As image Exc024 above, but wider angle of view showing surface of trench Sun & after removal of overburden (scales – 0.5m & 1m) shadow Exc026 Trench 1 from NNE showing location within shelter and surviving talus Sun & slopes shadow Exc028 As image Exc026 above, but from N and showing more of the cliff above the Sun & trench shadow Exc030 As image Exc028 above Shadows Exc031 Trench 1 from the NNE showing talus slopes and boulder-strewn coast to S Shadows Exc032 Trench 1 from the NE, from within the back of the rock shelter Sun & shadow Exc033 Trench 1 from the ENE with the shoreline rocks beyond Shadows Exc036 Looking S from the pebble beach adjacent to the rock shelter showing the Sun & approach route to the site along the boulder-strewn shore shadow Exc037 Martin Wildgoose scrambling over the shoreline rocks towards the rock Sun shelter of Uamh an Eich Bhric Exc038 Looking NE to the two rock shelters of Geodh’ an Eich Bhric and Uamh an Sun Eich Bhric (nearest to the camera with the pebble beach to the side) Exc040 Walking out up the steep grass and heather slopes to the top of the cliffs above Sun the site (looking S) Exc041 Excavations underway in Trench 1, looking N Shadows Exc042 Shellfish deposits in the N end of Trench 1 Shadows Exc043 Trench 1 from the N with hearth setting F1.01 in the S baulk of the trench Shadows Exc044 Stone object found on shingle beach below midden face (scale = 0.2m) Overcast Exc046 Bone needle recovered from Trench 1, context 1.06(scale = cm) Overcast Exc047 As image Exc046 above (scale = cm) Flash Exc048 As image Exc047 above Flash Exc049 Whetstone recovered from Trench 1, context 1.06 (scale = cm) Flash Exc050 Whetstone recovered from Trench 1, context 1.06 (scale = cm) Flash Exc051 Coarse pebble tool recovered from Trench 1, context 1.02 (scale = cm) Flash Exc052 Iron object recovered from Trench 1, context 1.02 (scale = cm) Flash Exc053 As image Exc051 above Flash Exc054 Bronze stud or fastener from Trench 1, context 1.02 (scale = cm) Flash Exc055 As image Exc054 above Flash Exc057 Trench 1 from NE showing corner of hearth F1.01 and surface of context 1.02 Overcast (scales = 0.5m & 1m) Exc059 As image Exc057 above, but lower angle of view Overcast Exc060 Trench 1 from the W showing surface of 1.02 (scales = 1m & 2m) Overcast Exc062 Trench 1 from the W showing hearth F1.01 and surface of context 1.02 (scales Overcast = 2m & 1m) Exc064 Trench 1 from the S (above) showing cleaned surface of context 1.02 (scales = Overcast 2m & 1m)

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 41 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Exc066 North end of Trench 1 from the S showing surface of context 1.02 and south- Overcast facing baulk Exc067 Detailed image of hearth F1.01 from the NW (scale – 0.5m) Overcast Exc069 As image Exc067 above, but higher angle of elevation Overcast Exc070 View of Trench 1 and inner rock shelter from the W showing Martin Overcast Wildgoose recording the exposed surface of context 1.02 Exc071 Martin Wildgoose recording in Trench 1, from the SW Overcast Exc072 View out of the rock shelter to the W Shadows Exc073 View out of the rock shelter to the NW showing Laser Level and shoreline Sun Exc074 As image Exc073 above, but wider angle of view Sun Exc075 Trench 1 from the W showing section excavation through hearth F1.01 and Sun & contexts 1.02 and 1.25 (scales = 0.5m & 0.2m) shadow Exc076 As image Exc075 above, but wider angle of view Shadows Exc077 As image Exc076 above, but wider angle of view Shadows Exc079 Trench 1 from the NW showing section excavation through hearth F1.01 and Sun & contexts 1.02 and 1.25 (scales = 0.5m & 0.2m) shadow Exc080 As image Exc079 above, but closer angle of view Shadows Exc082 Trench 1 from NNW showing hearth F1.01 and surface of context 1.02 (scales Overcast = 2m, 1m & 0.5m) Exc083 As image Exc082 above, but showing detail in south end of trench Overcast Exc085 Trench 1 from NW showing hearth F1.01 and surface of context 1.02 (scales Overcast = 2m, 1m & 0.5m) Exc090 Martin Wildgoose approaching the rock shelter along the shore from the S Sun Exc091 As image Exc090 above Sun Exc093 Looking NW from the approach walk to the site to MacLeod’s Maidens and Sun & Duirinish cloud Exc094 As image Exc093 above, but zoomed in view on the Maidens Sunnny Exc095 View NE from the approach walk to the site over Loch Bracadale and the Hazy Sun island of Oronsay Exc097 Bone spatula Find 1.39 recovered from Trench 1, context 1.02 (scale = cm) Flash Exc098 As image Exc097 above Flash Exc099 Worked antler fragment Find 1.36 recovered from Trench 1, context 1.02 Flash Exc100 Notched antler tool 1.29 recovered from Trench 1, context 1.02 Flash Exc101 As image Exc100 above Flash Exc102 As image Exc100 above, but side view (scale = cm) Flash Exc103 Half of amber bead Find 1.22 recovered from Trench 1, context 1.02 Flash Exc104 As image Exc103 above Flash Exc105 As image Exc103 above (scale = cm) Flash Exc106 Trench 1 from the N showing context 1.03 and remains of hearth Feature 1.02 Overcast (scales = 2m & 1m) Exc107 As image Exc106 above, but higher elevation Overcast Exc109 As image Exc107 above, but view from the NW Overcast Exc110 Trench 1 from the S showing context 1.03 and remains of hearth 1.02 (scales Overcast = 2m & 1m) Exc111 As image Exc110 above, but view showing detail in south end of trench Overcast (Scale = 1m) Exc112 As image Exc111 above Overcast Exc113 Trench 1 from the S showing context 1.03 and remains of hearth 1.02(scales = Overcast 2m & 1m) Exc114 Trench 1 and the inner rock shelter from the NNW Overcast Exc116 Location of Trench 1 under the rock shelter from the NNW Overcast Exc117 Martin Wildgoose and George Kozikowski and Trench 1, from the NW Overcast Exc118 Location of Trench 1 under the rock shelter from the NW Overcast Exc119 View from below the rock shelter NW to MacLeod’s Maidens Sun Exc121 Reef complexes below the rock shelter – looking W Sun Exc122 Martin Wildgoose and George Kozikowski in Trench 1, from the SW Overcast Exc123 As image Exc122 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Exc124 Trench 1 from the N showing hearth feature 1.03 Shadows

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 42 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Exc125 Trench 1 from the NW showing hearth feature 1.03 (scale = 1m) Overcast Exc128 George Kozikowski under the rock shelter, on the talus slope to the south Overcast Exc129 Trench 1 from the WNW showing Martin Wildgoose excavating deposits to Overcast the side of hearth feature 1.03 (scale = 1m) Exc130 Trench 1 from the NW showing hearth feature 1.03 (scale = 1m) Overcast Exc131 Trench 1 from the N showing hearth feature 1.03 and surface of context 1.03 Sun & (scale = 1m) shadow Exc132 As image Exc131 above, but wider angle of view Shadows Exc133 Martin Wildgoose approaching the site from the S with sea breaking on rocks Sun Exc134 As image Exc133 above Sun Exc135 Bone point and worked antler fragments from Trench 1 (scale = cm) Flash Exc137 Bronze ring-headed pin from Trench 1, context 1.08 (scale = cm) Flash Exc138 As image Exc137 above Flash Exc139 Trench 1 from the N showing hearth feature 1.03 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Overcast Exc140 As image Exc139 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Exc141 As image Exc140 above showing cleaned surface of context 1.03 Overcast Exc142 Trench 1 from the NW showing hearth feature 1.03 and cleaned surface of Overcast context 1.03 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc143 As image Exc142 above showing detail at south end of trench Overcast Exc144 Trench 1 from the S showing hearth feature1.03 and cleaned surface of Overcast context 1.03 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc146 As image Exc144 above but showing detail of hearth feature 1.03 Overcast Exc147 Trench 1 showing stake-hole with packing stones, feature1.05, from the NW Overcast (scale = 0.5m) Exc149 As image Exc147 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Exc150 Trench 1 from the S showing hearth setting feature 1.04 under N baulk of Overcast trench (scale = 0.5m) Exc152 As image Exc150 above, but closer angle of view Overcast Exc153 Trench 1 from the W showing stone-filled pit feature 1.07 in the south sector Overcast of the trench at moment of uncovering (scale = 0.5m) Exc154 Trench 1 from the S showing exposed stone-filled pit feature 1.07 and context Sun 1.16 (scale = 0.5m) Exc156 As image Exc154 above, but closer angle of view Sun Exc157 Trench 1 from the E showing exposed stone-filled pit feature 1.07 and context Sun 1.16 (scale = 0.5m) Exc160 As image Exc157 above, but view from N (scale = 0.5m) Shadows Exc161 As image Exc160 above, but wider angle of view Shadows Exc162 Trench 1 from the NW showing partially excavated pit feature 1.07 Shadows Exc163 As image Exc182 above Shadows Exc164 Trench 1 from the WNW showing partially excavated pit feature 1.07 (scale = Shadow 0.5m) Exc166 As image Exc164 above, but closer angle of view Shaded Exc167 As image Exc166 above (scale = 0.5m) Flash Exc169 As image Exc166 above, but higher elevation Shaded Exc171 Trench 1 from the W showing fully excavated pit feature 1.07 Shadow Exc172 Trench 1 from the N showing fully excavated pit feature 1.07 Shadow Exc174 Trench 1 from the NW showing stake-hole feature 1.07 after section Sun & excavation (scale = 0.2m) shadow Exc175 Trench 1 from N showing relationship of post-hole feature 1.05 and hearth Sun & 1.03 after section excavation (scale = 0.2m) shadow Exc176 Trench 1 from N showing pit feature1.07, partially robbed-out hearth feature Sun & 1.06 and context 1.16 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) shadow Exc177 As image Exc176 above, but wider angle of view Shadows Exc178 Trench 1 from S showing partially robbed out hearth settings feature 1.04 and Sun & feature 1.06, and context 1.16 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) shadow Exc179 As image Exc178 above, but also showing pit feature1.07, nearest to camera Sun & position (scales = 1m & 0.5m) shadow Exc180 As image Exc179 above Shadows Exc183 Trench 1 from N showing partially robbed out hearth setting 1.06 Shadows

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 43 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Exc186 Martin Wildgoose and John Seal removing overburden from Trench 2, Uamh Overcast an Eich Bhric, from the ESE Exc187 View from the N showing Trench 2 location in foreground, with Trench 1 to Overcast south Exc189 Inner rock shelter from the NW and location of Trench 2 Overcast Exc190 As image Exc189 above, but also showing Trench 1 to south Overcast Exc191 As image Exc190 above Overcast Exc192 Site volunteer bagging and labelling animal bone at back of rock shelter Overcast Exc193 Site volunteers collecting eroding material from exposed midden face at south Overcast end of site Exc194 As image Exc193 above Overcast Exc195 As image Exc193 above, but closer angle of view Overcast Exc196 View W out of the back of the rock shelter to the Western Isles Overcast Exc198 Trench 1 from the ESE showing site volunteer excavating down to the top of Overcast the midden Exc199 Trench 2 from the NNW showing surface of upper midden deposits, context Overcast 2.14 Exc200 Trench 2 from the NE showing surface of upper midden deposits, context 2.14 Overcast Exc201 Looking N up the coast to the two rock shelters at Uamh an Eich Bhric and Overcast Geodh’ an Eich Bhric (the shelters are located each side of the waterfall visible in the image Exc202 As image Exc201 above, with Martin Wildgoose in the foreground Overcast Exc204 Trench 2 from the S showing kerbed hearth feature 2.01 and animal bone in Overcast context 2.14 Exc205 Trench 2 from the NW showing kerbed hearth feature 2.01 and animal bone in Overcast context 2.14 Exc206 Trench 2 from S showing detail of kerbed hearth feature 2.01 and associated Overcast midden deposits in context 2.14 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc208 As image Exc206 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Exc210 As image Exc208 above Overcast Exc211 Trench 2 from N showing detail of kerbed hearth feature 2.01 and associated Overcast midden deposits in context 2.14 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc212 As image Exc211 above, but closer angle of view Overcast Exc213 Trench 2 from N showing detail of kerbed hearth feature 2.01 and associated Overcast midden deposits in context 2.14 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc214 Trench 2 from E showing detail of kerbed hearth feature 2.01 and associated Overcast midden deposits in context 2.14 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc216 Trench 2 from W showing kerbed hearth feature 2.01, associated midden Overcast deposits in context 2.14 and eroding midden section (scale = 1m) Exc217 The rock shelter from the NNW showing the locations of Trenches 1 and 2 Shadows Exc218 Looking S from the rock shelter to the cliffs, waterfall and surviving talus Shadows Exc219 Rock shelter from the N showing eroding talus slopes at S end of site and Sun & location of Trench 1 shadow Exc220 Trench 1 extension from the N showing upper surface of midden, context Overcast 1.02 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc221 As image Exc220 above Overcast Exc222 Trench 1 extension from the E showing upper surface of midden, context 1.02 Overcast (scale = 1m) Exc223 As image Exc222 above Overcast Exc224 Trench 2 from the S showing kerbed hearth 2.01, partially robbed out hearth Overcast 2.02 and associated midden context 2.21 (scale = 0.5m) Exc225 As image Exc224 above Overcast Exc228 As image Exc224 above, but lower angle of view Overcast Exc229 Trench 2 from E showing kerbed hearth 2.01, partially robbed out hearth 2.02 Overcast and spread of burnt bone – context 2.30 (scale = 0.5m) Exc231 Trench 1 extension from the N showing location of post-hole feature 1.08 and Overcast dump of ash covering hearth context 1.34 (scale = 1m) Exc232 As image Exc231 above, but closer angle of view Flash Exc233 As image Exc232 above, but higher elevation Flash

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 44 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Exc234 Trench 1 extension from the N showing location of post-hole and visible Dark packing stone feature 1.08, and dump of ash covering hearth Context 1.34 (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc235 Detail of post-hole feature 1.08 and packing stone in Trench 1 extension, from Dark the N, before excavation (scale = 0.5m) Exc236 Trench 1 extension from the S (above) showing location of post-hole feature Overcast 1.08 and dump of ash covering hearth C.1.34 (scales = 0.5m) Exc237 As image Exc236 above, but slightly closer angle of view Overcast Exc239 Trench 2 from the ESE showing kerbed hearth feature 2.01, partially robbed Overcast out hearth feature 2.02, and burnt bone deposits in context 2.30 (scale = 1m) Exc240 Trench 2 from the NNW showing kerbed hearth feature 2.01 , partially robbed Overcast out hearth feature 2.02, and burnt bone deposits in context 2.30 (scale = 1m) Exc242 Trench 2 from the NNW showing detail of partially robbed hearth feature Overcast 2.02, burnt bone deposits in context 2.30 and kerbed hearth feature 2.01 beyond (scale = 1m) Exc243 As image Exc242 above, but wider angle of view Overcast Exc244 Trench 1 extension from the WNW (above) showing location of post-hole Overcast with packing stones feature 1.08 and dump of ash covering hearth context 1.34 (scale = 0.5m) Exc247 Trench 1 extension from the S (above) showing detail of post-hole with Overcast packing stones feature 1.08 (scales = 0.5m) Exc248 Trench 1 extension from the NE showing detail of feature 1.08 Overcast Exc250 Surviving talus slope below cliffs S of rock shelter 1 Sun Exc252 As image Exc250 above, but narrow angle of view Sun Exc253 Surviving talus slope below cliffs S of rock shelter 1, also showing shingle Sun beach to west of site Exc254 As image Exc253 above, but narrow angle of view Sun Exc255 Trench 2 from the SE showing kerbed hearth 2.01 after section excavation Sun & (scale = 0.5m) shadow Exc256 As image Exc255 above Shadows Exc257 Trench 2 showing pit feature 2.03 after excavation (scale = 0.2m) Overcast Exc258 Trench 2 showing possible hearth feature 2.04 from the S, with kerb of animal Overcast bones comprising red deer skeletal elements (scale = 0.5m) Exc259 As image Exc258 above Overcast Exc260 Close view of surviving animal bone elements providing kerb of feature 2.04 Overcast including red deer limb bones and lower mandible elements Exc261 Trench 2 showing possible hearth feature 2.04 from the E, with kerb of animal Overcast bones comprising red deer skeletal elements (scale = 0.5m) Exc262 As image Exc261 above Overcast Exc263 As image Exc261 above, but slightly closer angle of view Overcast Exc264 As image Exc263 above Overcast Exc265 Trench 2 showing close view of surviving animal bone elements providing Overcast kerb of feature 2.04 including red deer limb bones and lower mandible elements – taken looking W (scale = 0.5m) Exc266 Trench 2 showing NW-facing section through possible hearth feature 2.04. No Sun & skeletal elements could be found on this arc of the feature (scale = 0.5m) shadow Exc268 As image Exc266 above, but from higher elevation showing the side of the Sun & feature kerbed with animal bone (scale = 0.5m) shadow Exc269 Trench 2 showing NW-facing section through possible hearth feature 2.04 Sun & (scale = 0.5m) shadow Exc270 Trench 2 from the N showing remains of hearth setting feature 2.05 and Sun & sectioned hearth 2.04 beyond (scale = 0.5m) shadow Exc271 Trench 2 from the S showing hearth settings features 2.05 and 2.04, and Sun & associated context 2.19/20 scale = 0.5m) shadow Exc272 As image Exc271 above, but narrow angle of view Shadows Exc273 Trench 2 from the S showing hearth settings features 2.05 and2.04, and Sun & associated context19/20. (scale = 0.5m) shadow

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 45 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Image Description: Comment Exc274 Trench 2 from the S showing kerb of hearth feature 2.05 at top of image and Sun & compacted and scorched ground surface nearest to camera. The image shows shadow post-holes with packing stones and alignments of smaller stake-holes forming a small rectilinear enclosure (scales = 1m & 0.5m) Exc275 Trench 2 from the S showing hearth feature 2.05 and compacted and scorched Sun & ground surface nearest to camera. The image shows post-holes with packing shadow stones and alignments of smaller stake-holes forming a small rectilinear enclosure (scale = 1m) Exc276 Trench 2 from the E showing hearth feature 2.05 at right and compacted and Sun & scorched ground surface to the left in the image. The image also shows post- shadow holes with packing stones and alignments of smaller stake-holes forming a small rectilinear enclosure (scale = 1m) Exc277 As image Exc276 above Shadows Exc278 Trench 2 from the E showing pebble-built hearth feature 2.05 and alignments Sun & of smaller stake-holes (scale = 1m) shadow Exc279 Trench 2 from the S showing pebble-built hearth feature 2.05 and alignments Sun & of smaller stake-holes (scale = 1m) shadow Exc280 Trench 2 showing vertical view of hearth feature 2.05 (north nearest to Overcast camera) and a selection of the associated stake-holes to the S (scale = 1m) Exc281 As image Exc280 above, but wider angle of view (scale = 1m) Overcast Exc282 As image Exc281 above Overcast Exc283 Trench 2 from the N showing pebble-built hearth feature 2.05 nearest to Overcast camera, post-holes with packing stones and alignments of smaller stake-holes, and hearth feature 2.06 partially hidden under E baulk of trench (scale = 1m) Exc284 As image Exc283 above Overcast Exc285 Trench 2 from the N showing post-holes with packing stones and alignments Overcast of smaller stake-holes, and hearth feature 2.06 partially hidden under E baulk of trench. Also, detail of north-facing baulk of trench with distinctive layer of animal bone forming context 2.14 (scale = 1m) Exc287 Trench 2 from the S showing post-hole with packing stones (feature 2.11), Overcast alignments of smaller stake-holes, area of heat-reddened earth and hearth feature 2.06 partially hidden under E baulk of trench (scale = 1m) Exc288 Trench 2 from the S showing post-holes with packing stones, alignments of Overcast smaller stake-holes forming small enclosure and area of heat-reddened earth nearest to camera position. Hearth feature 2.06 is partially visible at the top of the image (scale = 1m) Exc289 As image Exc288 above Overcast Exc290 Trench 2 from the E showing three of the larger post-holes and alignments of Dark smaller stake-holes after excavation (scale = 1m) Exc291 Trench 2 from the N showing three of the larger post-holes and alignments of Dark smaller stake-holes after excavation, with hearth setting feature 2.05 nearest to camera position (scale = 1m)

Appendix 5. Trench 1: Field Drawings Register

No: Sheet No: Location Contexts: Scale: Section/Plan 1 1 Site survey Rock Shelter 1:100 Plan 2 1 Site survey Rock Shelter 1:100 Section E -W 3 1 Site survey Trench 1 1:100 Section N - S 4 2 Site survey Midden face all contexts 1:20 Section. S. ½ 5 3 Site survey Midden face all contexts 1:20 Section. N. ½ 6 4 Trench 1 Surface of Ctx’s. 02/06 1:20 Plan 7 4 Trench 1 Finds recording squares 1:20 Plan 8 5 Trench 1 Surface of Ctx. 02 1:20 Plan

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 46 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

9 5 Trench 1 Feature 1.01 1:10 Section 10 6 Trench 1 Surface of Ctx 04 + F.1.02 1:20 Plan 11 7 Trench 1 East side of Trench 1 1:10 Section A-B 12 8 Trench 1 South side of Trench 1 1:10 Section A-C 13 9 Trench 1 North side of Trench 1 1:10 Section B-D

Appendix 6. Trench 2: Field Drawings Register

No: Sheet No: Location: Contexts: Scale: Section/Plan: 2.01 2.01 Trench 2 Finds recording squares 1:20 Plan 2.02 2.01 Trench 2 Surface of C. 2.14 1:20 Plan 2.03 2.02 Trench 2 Surface of C. 2.21 1:20 Plan 2.04 2.02 Trench 2 Feature 2.01 1:10 Section 2.05 2.03 Trench 2 Surface of C’s. 2.15, & 1:20 Plan 2.20 2.06 2.02 Trench 2 Feature 2.04 1:10 Section 2.07 2.03 Trench 2 Surface of C. 16 with 1:20 Plan all Features 2.08 2.04 Trench 2 East section of trench 1:10 Section 2.09 2.05 Trench 2 South section of trench 1:10 Section 2.10 2.06 Trench 2 North section of trench 1:10 Section

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 47 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Appendix 7. Trench 1: Small Finds Register

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

1.01 1.06 †2 Crucible fragments (2) 1 bag 1.02 1.06 †2 Worked bone 1 bag 1.04 1.02 †9 Sherd of pottery vessel 1 bag 1.05 1.02 †9 Iron object 1 bag 1.06 1.02 †9 Copper alloy stud/pin 1 bag 1.07 1.06 †2 Bone needle 1 bag 1.08 1.06 †2 Smoother/burnisher 1 bag 1.09 1.06 †2 Lump of clay/daub 1 bag 1.10 1.02 †8 Small fragment of ?amber 1 bag 1.11 1.02 †8 Fragments of copper alloy wire 1 bag 1.13 1.02 †7 5 small sherds pottery vessel 1 bag 1.14 1.02 †5 Sherd of pottery vessel 1 bag 1.15 1.02 †9 Pebble hammer 1 bag 1.16 1.02 †5 14 small pottery sherds 1 bag 1.17 1.02 †1 Shaft of bone pin 1 bag 1.22 1.02 †1 Half of amber ring bead 1 bag 1.29 1.02 †3 Piece of worked bone/antler 1 bag 1.30 1.02 †3 Sherd of pottery vessel 1 bag

1.31 1.02 †9 Rim-sherd of pottery vessel 1 bag 1.33 1.02 †9 Fragments of copper alloy 1 bag 1.34 1.02 †9 Pieces of slag (2) 1 bag 1.36 1.02 †5 Piece of worked bone/antler 1 bag 1.37 1.02 †5 Copper-alloy stud 1 bag 1.39 1.02 †5 Bone spatula 1 bag 1.40 1.02 †5 Piece of worked bone 1 bag 1.43 1.02 †8 Iron ring (broken) 1 bag

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 48 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

1.45 1.02 †8 Iron object 1 bag 1.51 1.04 †6 Rim-sherd pottery vessel 1 bag 1.52 1.13 †9 Piece of worked bone 1 bag 1.56 1.04 †1 Fragment of a bone point 1 bag 1.57 1.08 †1 Copper alloy ring headed pin 1 bag 1.64 1.03 †3 Pebble chopper 1 bag 1.71 1.29 †9 Pebble hammer 1 bag 1.72 1.29 †9 Fragments of copper alloy 1 bag

Appendix 8. Trench 1: Finds Register – Animal Bone

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

1. 03 1. 02 †9 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.12 1.02 †8 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.18 1.02 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.19 1.02 †6 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.20 1.02 †7 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.21 1.02 †6A Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.23 1.02 †9 Collection of animal bone 8 bags 1.24 1.02 †1 Collection of animal bone 3 bags 1.25 1.02 †4 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 1.26 1.02 †6 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 1.27 1.02 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.28 1.02 †6 Collection of animal bone 4 bags 1.32 1.02 †1 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.35 1.02 †5 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 1.38 1.02 †2 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.41 1.25 †8 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.42 1.02 †7 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.44 1.02 †8 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 1.46 1.04 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.47 1.02 †9 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.48 1.13 †9 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.49 1.04 †6 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.50 1.04 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.53 1.02 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.54 1.02 †8 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 1.55 1.04 †1 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.58 1.02 †5 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.59 1.02 †7 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.60 1.03 †1 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.61 1.03 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.62 1.03 †9 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 1.63 1.03 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.65 1.03 †6A Collection of animal bone 1 bag

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 49 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

1.66 1.03 †6 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.67 1.03 †5 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.68 1.03 †7 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 1.69 1.03 †8 Collection of animal bone 3 bags 1.70 1.28 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag

Appendix 9. Trench 2: Small Finds Register

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

2.01 2.21 †12 11 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.02 2.14 †5 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.03 2.14 †1 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.04 2.14 †12 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.06 2.14 †8 9 body sherds pottery 1 bag 2.08 2.14 †4 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.10 2.14 †9 Half of a copper-alloy ring 1 bag 2.11 2.14 †9 2 body sherds pottery 1 bag 2.13 2.14 †9 Decorated body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.14 2.14 †9 Body-sherd pottery l 1 bag 2.15 2.14 †9 3 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.16 2.14 †9 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.18 2.14 †2 Fragment of copper alloy sheet 1 bag 2.19 2.14 †9 3 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.20 2.14 †2 Rim-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.21 2.14 †2 Decorated body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.22 2.14 †9 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.24 2.14 †9 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.25 2.14 †9 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.26 2.14 †3 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.28 2.14 †6 2 x small copralites 1 bag 2.30 2.14 †9 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.33 2.14 †10 Point of a bone needle/pin 1 bag 2.34 2.14 †10 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.35 2.14 †7 Piece of worked bone 1 bag 2.36 2.14 †7 Rim-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.38 2.14 †10 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.41 2.14 †9 2 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.42 2.14 †9 Body-sherd decorated pottery 1 bag 2.43 2.21 †12 4 body-sherds red pottery 1 bag 2.44 2.21 †12 2 carbonised copralites 1 bag 2.45 2.21 †9 Half of a large bone bead 1 bag 2.47 2.21 †12 Small pebble hammer 1 bag 2.49 2.21 †4 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.51 2.21 †1 4 body, 1 rim sherds pottery 1 bag 2.56 2.21 †3 Fragments of copper-alloy sheet 1 bag

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 50 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

2.62 2.15 †9 Half of a decorated clay disc 1 bag 2.63 2.15 †9 Rim-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.67 2.15 †7 Fragment of vitrified ?clay 1 bag 2.70 2.15 †2 Fragment of vitrified ?clay 1 bag 2.71 2.15 †4 Complete base of pottery 1 bag 2.72 2.15 †2 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.75 2.15 †4 Copralite 1 bag 2.79 2.32 †10 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.81 2.15 †12 8 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.86 2.20 †3 2 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.87 2.20 †3 Fragment of worked stone 1 bag (Fits to find 2.108 & 2.112) 2.88 2.20 †2 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.90 2.20 †2 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.92 2.20 †7 9 body-sherds pottery 1 bag 2.95 2.20 †3 ? Bone awl 1 bag 2.97 2.20 †5 Body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.99 2.20 †11 Pebble tool (broken) 1 bag 2.101 2.20 †8 Decorated body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.103 2.20 †6 Rim-sherd Pottery 1 bag 2.104 2.20 †6 Pebble tool (broken) 1 bag 2.105 2.20 †6 Copper-alloy object 1 bag 2.108 2.20 †9 Fragment of worked stone 1 bag (Fits to find 2.087 & 2.112) 2.110 2.20 †10 Copper-alloy object 1 bag 2.112 2.20 †9 Fragment of worked stone 1 bag (Fits to find 2.087 & 2.108) 2.113 2.20 †9 Copper-alloy sheet fragments 1 bag 2.114 2.20 †9 body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.115 2.20 †9 Decorated body-sherd pottery 1 bag 2.119 2.33 †8 Fragment of copralite 1 bag 2.120 2.21 †10 Decorated pottery vessel handle 1 bag (found in bone bag Find 2.61)

Appendix 10. TRENCH 2: Finds Register - Animal Bone

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

2.05 2.14 †12 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.07 2.14 †8 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.09 2.14 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.12 2.14 †5 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.17 2.14 †1 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.23 2.14 †2 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.27 2.14 †3 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.29 2.14 †9 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.31 2.14 †9 Animal bone 6 bags

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 51 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Find No: Context Location Description Container/s

2.32 2.14 †6 Collection of animal bone 3 bags 2.37 2.14 †7 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.39 2.14 †10 Collection of animal bone 5 bags 2.40 2.14 †11 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.46 2.21 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.48 2.21 †12 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.50 2.21 †1 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.52 2.21 †9 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.53 2.21 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.54 2.21 †2 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.55 2.21 †5 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.57 2.15 †3 Collection of animal bone 5 bags 2.58 2.21 †6 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.59 2.21 †7 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.60 2.21 †11 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.61 2.21 †10 Collection of animal bone 3 bags 2.64 2.15 †9 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.65 2.15 †8 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.66 2.15 †5 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.68 2.15 †7 Collection of animal bone 6 bags 2.69 2.15 †1 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.73 2.15 †11 Collection of animal bone 5 bags 2.74 2.15 †2 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.76 2.15 †6 Collection of animal bone 3 bags 2.77 2.15 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.78 2.15 †10 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.80 2.15 †12 Collection of animal bone 3 bags 2.82 2.15 †8 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.83 2.20 †4 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.84 2.20 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.85 2.20 †1 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.89 2.20 †2 Collection of ?fish bone 1 bag 2.91 2.20 †7 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.93 2.20 †2 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.94 2.20 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.96a 2.15 Feature 204 Bone from hearth surround 1 bag 2.96b 2.15 Feature 204 Bone from hearth surround 1 bag 2.96c 2.15 Feature 204 Bone from hearth surround 1 bag 2.96d 2.15 Feature 204 Bone from hearth surround 1 bag 2.98 2.20 †11 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.100 2.20 †5 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.102 2.20 †6 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.106 2.20 †8 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.107 2.20 †10 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.109 2.20 †9 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.111 2.20 †10 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.116 2.20 †9 Collection of animal bone 2 bags 2.117 2.20 †3 Collection of animal bone 1 bag 2.118 2.33 Feature 203 Bone from within hearth 1 bag

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 52 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Appendix 11. Trench 1: Samples Register

No: Location: Context: Description: Container S.1.01 Square 9 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.02 Square 6 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.03 Square 9 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.04 Square 8 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.05 Square 6 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.06 Square 9 C.1.02 Birch bark sheet 1 bag S.1.07 Square 9 C.1.02 Soil sample from below hearth 1 bag slab (Feature 1.01) S.1.08 Square 5 C.1.02 Round-wood charcoal sample 1 bag (tinfoil) S.1.09 Square 8 C.1.25 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.10 Square 5 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.11 Square 4 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.12 Square 3 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.13 Square 2 C.1.04 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.14 Square 4 C.1.04 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.15 Square 4 C.1.04 Bulk sample - ?Wood ash (1kg) 1 bag S.1.16 Square 9 C.1.13 Bulk sample – orange ?ash (1kg) 1 bag S.1.17 Square 3 C.1.04 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.18 Square 9 C.1.13 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.19 Square 9 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.20 Square 8 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.21 Square 7 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.22 Square 6 C.1.04 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.23 Square 7 C.1.02 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.24 Square 7 C.1.02 Carbonised ?apple seed 1 plastic tube S.1.25 Square 7 C.1.02 Birch bark 1 bag S.1.26 Square 4 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.27 Square 1 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.28 Square 3 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.29 Square 9 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.30 Square 9 C.1.03 Bulk sample char rich soil (1kg) 1 bag S.1.31 Square 6 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.32 Square 5 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.33 Square 7 C.1.03 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.34 Square 6 C.1.03 Bulk sample bone & stone frags. 1 bag S.1.35 Pit fill (F.1.7) C.1.29 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.1.36 Square 6 C.1.03 ?Fly Pupae 1 bag in tub. S.1.37 Pit fill (F.1.7) C.1.29 Bone fragments 1 bag

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 53 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Appendix 12. Trench 2: Samples Register

No: Location: Context: Description: Container S. 2.01 Square 12 C.2.14 50% of Limpet midden 1 bag S.2.02 Square 4 C.2.14 50% of Oyster midden 1 bag S.2.03 Square 9 C.2.14 Charcoal for C.14 1 bag S.2.04 Square 9 C.2.14 Bone fragment for C.14 1 bag S.2.05 Square 2 C.2.21 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.06 Square 9 C.2.31 Burnt Bone ash from F. 2.03 1 bag S.2.07 Square 7 C.2.15 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.08 Square 12 C.2.15 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.09 Square 3 C.2.20 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.10 Square 7 C.2.20 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.11 Square 11 C.2.20 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.12 Square 12 C. 2.15 Ash from Feature 2.05 1 bag S.2.13 Square 5 C.2.20 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.14 Square 8 C.2.20 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.15 Square 8 C.2.20 50% sample of Limpet midden 1 bag S.2.16 Square 8 F.2.05 General collection of charcoal 1 bag S.2.17 Square 6 C.2.20 General collection of charcoal 1bag S.2.18 Square 10 C.2.15 Ash covering Feature 2.04 1 bag S.2.19 Square 12 C. 2.20 Ash covering Feature 2.05 1 bag

Appendix 13. Preliminary Pottery Report

Fiskavaig 1, Trenches 1 and 2, 2008

Ann Macsween

118 sherds representing 39 vessels were recovered from the 2008 excavations at Fiskavaig. Six vessels – V23, V32, V34, V35, V38 and V40 – are represented by rim sherds, everted in every case. Eight vessels are decorated. V5 is decorated with oblique and horizontal parallel lines; V15 is a sherd from the flat part of a base and is decorated in the interior with a finger impression; V18 is decorated with an applied pinched cordon; V28 is decorated with a horizontal line with short oblique lines above it; V35 is decorated with an oblique double line of small ovals formed by impressing a point into the clay and vessel 31, V32 and V42 are decorated with incised lines.

Three vessels (V14, V16 and V24) have organics, probably grass, added. The other vessels are either untempered or tempered with up to 30% of rock fragments. The majority of vessels have a smoothed exterior surface. The rim forms are typical Iron Age forms of Atlantic Scotland, and the fabrics are also typical of iron Age ceramics of the reagion. The decorative forms are also found in other sites of the region. On Skye, for example, the pinched cordon on V18 can be paralleled in the assemblage fron Tungadale souterrain (Miket 2002, fig 31.7, p 99), The short stab marks in the assemblage from Dun Beag broch (reproduced in MacSween 2002, fig 45.10, p 148) with incised decoration common on phase 2 and 3 vessels at Dun Ardtreck (MacKie 2001, p 324-5, figs 21-22).

Further analysis of comparative material will be carried out on completion of the excavations.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 54 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

References

MacKie, E W 2000 ‘Excavations at Dun Ardtreck, Skye, in 1964 and 1965’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 130 (2000), 301-411.

MacSween, A 2002 ‘Dun Beag and the role of pottery in interpretations of the hebridean Iron Age’, in Ballin Smith, B & Banks, I (eds) In the shadow of the Brochs: The Iron Age in Scotland (Tempus), 145-52.

Miket, R 2002 ‘The Souterrains of Skye’, in Ballin Smith, B & Banks, I (eds) In the shadow of the Brochs: The Iron Age in Scotland (Tempus), 77-110.

Catalogue

V5 Context Erosion; Find 27 Body sherd smoothed on the exterior surface and decorated with fine incised lines (0.5mm thick), probably comprising parallel horizontal lines (3mm apart) with oblique horizontal lines above (4mm apart). The lines have been incised using a sharp implement 0.5mm thick. The fabric is fine sandy clay with c10% of angular rock fragments.

V15 Context 2.02; Find 2.92 Sherd from the flat part of a base. The interior has a finger impression. The exterior has two grain impressions. The fabric is fine sandy clay with c20% of angular rock fragments which has fired hard and is grey with brown margins. Patches of sooting in the interior.

V18 Context 2.20; Find 2.101 Body sherd with an applied pinched/wavy cordon. The fabric is fine sandy clay which has fired hard and is grey. Exterior surface sooted.

V23 Context 2.14; Find 2.36 Everted rim. The exterior surface is smoothed. The fabric is sandy clay with c10% rock fragments which has fired hard and is grey with a red interior margin. Both surfaces are sooted.

V28 Context 2.14; Find 2.42 Body sherd from a coil constructed vessel (N-shaped Junctions). The exterior surface is smoothed and decorated with an incised horizontal line with short oblique lines above it. The fabric is fine sandy clay which has fired hard and is grey with buff margins.

V35 Context 1.02; Find 1.31 Everted rim with a flattened lip. The exterior surface smoothed and decorated with an oblique double line of small ovals formed by impressing a point into the clay. The fabric is sandy clay which has fired hard and is red. The exterior surface is sooted.

V38 Context 2.21; Find 2.51 Everted rim with a flattened lip. The exterior surface is smoothed. The fabric is sandy clay which has fired hard and is black with brown surfaces. Both surfaces are sooted.

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 55 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

V 40 Context 2.15; Find 2.63 Everted rim with a flattened lip, neatened along the exterior at the neck. The exterior surface is smoothed. The fabric is fine sandy clay with c10% of angular rock fragments which has fired hard and isred with a grey core. Both surfaces are sooted.

V42 Context 2.14; Find 2.13 Body sherd, smoothed on the exterior and decorated with a thick incised oblique line under the point of inflection with the neck. Below this is a horizontal line of oblique incisions. The fabric is sandy clay which has fired hard and is grey with a brown exterior. The exterior surface is sooted.

Appendix 14. Names and Addresses of Contributors

Mike Cressey (CFA Archaeology Ltd) Charcoals CFA Archaeology Ltd, Old Engine House, Eskmills Business Park,Musselburgh. EH21 7PQ

Fraser Hunter (National Museums of Scotland) Artefact Analysis (General) Iron Age and Roman Curator, National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. EH1 1JF

Dawn MacLaren (National Museums of Scotland) Artefact Analysis (General) Iron Age and Roman Curator, National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh. EH1 1JF

Alison McLaggan Small Finds Illustration 3, Coolin Hills Gardens, Portree. IV51 9NB

Ann MacSween (Historic Scotland) Ceramics 6 Ettrick Grove Edinburgh. EH10 5AW

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 56 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01 Excavation Uamh an Eich Bhric, Fiskavaig 1, Isle of Skye May 2009

Fig. 12: Recording squares in Trenches 1 and 2

Fig. 13: Fiskavaig 1: Radiocarbon plots

Archaeological and Ancient landscape Survey. 57 Uamh an Eich Bhric: DSR 01