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The Mineral Industry of the United Arab Emirates in 2015

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The Mineral Industry of the United Arab Emirates in 2015 2015 Minerals Yearbook UNITED ARAB EMIRATES [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior May 2019 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of the United Arab Emirates By Loyd M. Trimmer III In 2015, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United In 2015, the value of the UAE’s exported goods decreased by Arab Emirates (UAE)1 increased by 3.8% in real terms about 9.3% to about $333 billion compared with $367 billion compared with 3.1% in 2014; the higher GDP was attributed in 2014. The decline was attributed to the 46% decrease in the to increased rates of growth in the manufacturing sector, as total value of crude petroleum exports, which decreased to about well as in the construction, real estate, and business services $52.4 billion from $97.2 billion in 2014. The average price sectors. The UAE was the world’s fourth-ranked producer of the UAE’s exports of Murban crude, the country’s export of aluminum, accounting for 4.2% of the world’s aluminum blend, decreased to $53.87 per barrel in 2015 from $99.45 per smelter output, and was the world’s eighth-ranked producer barrel in 2014. In 2015, the value of total nonpetroleum exports, of crude petroleum and condensate, accounting for 4.0% of including reexports, was reported to be about $104 billion. the world’s production. The country’s proven crude petroleum The value of the country’s exports of nonfuel mineral products reserves, which accounted for 5.8% of the world’s proven crude increased by 0.2% to about $2.2 billion; reexports of mineral petroleum reserves, were estimated to be 97.8 billion barrels. products decreased by 26% to $162 million. The export value The country’s proven natural gas reserves, which accounted of base metals and articles of base metals increased by 6% to for about 3.0% of the world’s proven natural gas reserves, $8.7 billion; reexports of base metals and articles of base metals were estimated to be 6.09 trillion cubic meters. The UAE was decreased by 7% to $2 billion. Major export and reexport also the world’s 10th-ranked sulfur producer, accounting for volumes of metals included 2.37 million metric tons (Mt) of about 3.5% of the world’s output in 2015. The UAE was a aluminum and articles thereof, 3.14 Mt of crude steel, 1.9 Mt major regional producer of industrial minerals, metals, and of iron and steel articles, 270,000 metric tons (t) of copper downstream mineral products, including cement, direct-reduced and copper articles, and 133,600 t of fertilizers (Organization iron (DRI), iron and steel, and nitrogen fertilizers. Other fuel of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 2016, p. 17, 86; United and industrial minerals produced included gypsum, lime, and Arab Emirates Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Authority, refined petroleum (BP p.l.c., 2016, p. 6, 10, 20; Organization of 2016a, tables 1, 15, 17, 18, 24; 2016b). the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 2016, p. 100; United Arab The value of the country’s imports of goods increased by Emirates Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Authority, 0.4% in 2015 to about $283 billion. Imports of gemstones, 2016b, tables 3, 16; Apodaca, 2017; Bray, 2017; U.S. Energy pearls, and precious metals and their products, which accounted Information Administration, 2017, p. 5). for about 25% of the country’s imports, decreased in value by 9% to about $45 billion. In 2015, the value of mineral products Minerals in the National Economy imports decreased by 26% to $2.97 billion. The decreased value of mineral products was attributed to the decline in The value of the production of the hydrocarbon sector, global commodity prices. The decreased value and volume of which accounted for about 24% of the country’s GDP in 2015, imports of mineral oils and fuels, which decreased by 33% and decreased by about 37% compared with 34% in 2014 and 37% 22%, respectively, accounted for the majority of the decline. in 2013. The production value of the quarrying sector increased Although the import tonnage of ores, slags, and ash increased by 3.1% in 2015 and accounted for about 0.3% of the GDP. The by 46% to 8.3 Mt in 2015, the value decreased by 2%. In 2015, total nominal value of nonpetroleum mineral sector production the UAE was the world’s ninth-ranked net importer of steel increased by 7.4% in 2015 (United Arab Emirates Federal with net imports of 6.0 Mt. The country imported 9.9 Mt of Competitiveness and Statistics Authority, 2016b, tables 3, 16). articles of aluminum, copper, and steel, as well as crude steel, In 2015, Government revenue from hydrocarbon activity valued at $11.7 billion in 2015 (United Arab Emirates Federal decreased by 52% to $33.32 billion from $68.7 billion in 2014. Competitiveness and Statistics Authority, 2016a, tables 14, 18; The decline in hydrocarbon revenues was responsible for the 2016b; World Steel Association, 2016, p. 27). 30% decrease in the Government’s total revenue to $80.3 billion Although the UAE did not produce mined diamond or gold in from $115.2 billion in 2014. In 2015, revenue from hydrocarbons 2015, the country was a major global trade center of both rough accounted for about 41% of total Government revenue compared and polished diamond and gold. In 2015, the UAE’s imports with about 60% in 2014 and 64% in 2013 (United Arab Emirates of gold decreased by about 75% as exports of gold increased National Bureau of Statistics, 2016a). by about 63% compared with those of 2014. The country imported 744.6 t of unwrought or semimanufactured gold in 1 The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven Emirates: Abu Dhabi, 2015, including gold in powder form or plated with platinum, Ajman, Dubai (Dubayy), Fujairah (Al Fujayrah), Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah (Ash Shariqah), and Umm al-Quwain (Umm Al Qaywayn). and exported 518.5 t, of which 73.4 t were reexports. In 2014, 2Where necessary, values have been converted from United Arab Emirates the country imported 3,000 t of unwrought or semimanufactured dirham (AED) to U.S. dollars (US$) at the average annual exchange rate of gold, including gold in powder form or plated with platinum, AED3.6725=US$1.00 for 2015 and AED3.6725=US$1.00 for 2014. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 63.1 and exported 318.7 t, of which, 42.6 t were reexports. The that of 2014. Refined petroleum production increased owing country’s imports of rough diamond decreased by 9% to to the completed expansion of the Ruwais refinery. Production 62.029 million carats in 2015 from 68.159 million carats in of dry natural gas increased by 11% (table 1; Oxford Business 2014; exports of rough diamond decreased by about 5% to Group, 2017; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2017, 63.58 million carats in 2015 from 66.63 million carats in p. 4–5). 2014. The UAE’s diamond trading partners included diamond- producing countries in Africa, diamond-processing centers in Structure of the Mineral Industry China and India, and diamond consuming markets in Europe The Abu Dhabi Emirate made up about 87% of the land area and the United States (Dubai Multi Commodities Centre, 2015, of the UAE and held 94% of the nation’s petroleum reserves 2016; Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, 2016a, b; and 94% of the nation’s natural gas reserves. The Emirate United Arab Emirates Federal Competitiveness and Statistics controlled and managed its petroleum and natural gas resources Authority, 2015, 2016a). through the wholly state-owned Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. As of yearend 2015, the UAE did not have a specific, (ADNOC). ADNOC operations were run through subsidiaries comprehensive Federal law covering the mining industry. that carried out most of the exploration, production, transportation, Article 23 of the UAE Federal Constitution granted each and marketing operations for crude petroleum, liquefied natural Emirate ownership of, as well as the ability to manage and gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petrochemicals, mine, its mineral resources. The Abu Dhabi Emirate, which is and other petroleum industries in the UAE. The Abu Dhabi the largest of the UAE’s seven Emirates in terms of land area, Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO) operated eight controlled 94% of the UAE’s national petroleum and natural major onshore fields (Abu Al Bukhoosh, Arzanah, Asab, Bab, gas reserves; the Dubai Emirate controlled 4% and 1.5% of Bu Hasa, Jarn Yaphour, Sahil, and Shah). The Abu Dhabi the national petroleum and gas reserves, respectively, and Marine Operating Co. (ADMA-OPCO) operated two offshore combined the other five Emirates controlled the remaining 2% fields (Umm Shaif and Zakum). The Zakum Development and 4.5%, respectively. Each Emirate regulated the extraction Co. (ZADCO), which was a consortium of ADNOC (60%), of petroleum and natural gas and set the governing policies for ExxonMobil Oil Co. of the United States (28%), and Japan Oil the mining of petroleum and natural gas. In Abu Dhabi, the Development Co. (JODCO) of Japan (12%), operated three Supreme Petroleum Council regulated and set related policies offshore fields (Satah, Umm Al-Dalkh, and Upper Zakum). for petroleum and gas extraction. In the Dubai Emirate and the Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd. (GASCO) operated three plants Sharjah Emirate, the Dubai Supreme Council of Energy and (Asab, Bu Hasa, and Habshan/Bab) for natural gas processing the Sharjah Petroleum Council, respectively, were responsible and NGL extraction as well as the NGL fractionation plant at for regulating and developing the petroleum and natural gas Ruwais.
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