DOCSLIB.ORG

Suicide in Eastern Europe, the CIS, and the Baltic Countries: Social and Public Health Determinants a Foundation for Designing Interventions Summary of a Conference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Suicide in Eastern Europe, the CIS, and the Baltic Countries: Social and Public Health Determinants a Foundation for Designing Interventions Summary of a Conference Suicide in Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Baltic Countries International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Tel: +43 2236 807 Fax: +43 2236 71313 I I A S A www.iiasa.ac.at I I A S A Suicide in Eastern Europe, the CIS, and the Baltic Countries: Social and Public Health Determinants A Foundation for Designing Interventions Summary of a Conference Leslie Pray, Clara Cohen, Ilkka Henrik Mäkinen, RR-13-001 RR-13-001 Airi Värnik, and F. Landis MacKellar, Editors RR-13-001 ISBN 978-3-7045-0149-3 February 2013 Suicide-cover.indd 1-2 2/5/2013 9:54:12 AM The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis is an interdisciplinary, nongovernmental research institution founded in 1972 by leading scientific organizations in 12 countries. Situated near Vienna, in the center of Europe, IIASA has been producing valuable scientific research on economic, technological, and environmental issues for over three decades. IIASA was one of the first international institutes to systematically study global issues of environment, technology, and development. IIASA’s Governing Council states that the In- stitute’s goal is: to conduct international and interdisciplinary scientific studies to provide timely and relevant information and options, addressing critical issues of global environ- mental, economic, and social change, for the benefit of the public, the scientific community, and national and international institutions. Research is organized around three central themes: – Energy and Climate Change – Food and Water – Poverty and Equity The Institute now has National Member Organizations in the following countries: Australia Japan Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial The Japan Committee for IIASA Research Organization (CSIRO) Korea, Republic of Austria National Research Foundation of The Austrian Academy of Sciences Korea (NRF) Brazil Malaysia Center for Strategic Studies and Academy of Sciences Malaysia Management in Science, Technology Netherlands and Innovation (CGEE) Netherlands Organization for China Scientific Research (NWO) National Natural Science Foundation Norway of China The Research Council of Norway Egypt Pakistan Academy of Scientific Research and Pakistan Academy of Sciences Technology (ASRT) Russia Finland Russian Academy of Sciences The Finnish Committee for IIASA South Africa Germany National Research Foundation Association for the Advancement of IIASA Sweden The Swedish Research Council for India Environment, Agricultural Sciences Technology Information, Forecasting and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) and Assessment Council (TIFAC) Ukraine Indonesia Ukrainian Academy of Sciences Indonesian National Committee for IIASA United States of America The National Academy of Sciences Suicide-nmo.pdf 1 2/5/2013 2:18:35 PM Suicide in Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Baltic Countries: Social and Public Health Determinants A Foundation for Designing Interventions Summary of a Conference Leslie Pray, Clara Cohen, Ilkka Henrik Makinen,¨ Airi Varnik,¨ and F. Landis MacKellar Editors International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Health and Global Change Unit, Laxenburg, Austria Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST) Sodert¨ orn¨ University, Stockholm, Sweden Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute (ERSI) Tallinn, Estonia RR-13-001 February 2013 Suicide-body.pdf 1 2/5/2013 2:22:26 PM International Standard Book Number 978-3-7045-0149-3 Research Reports, which record research conducted at IIASA, are independently reviewed before publication. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of IIASA, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. Copyright c 2013 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ZVR-Nr: 524808900 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. Printed by Remaprint, Vienna. Suicide-body.pdf 2 2/5/2013 2:22:27 PM Contents Preface ix Executive Summary xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Suicide in Eastern Europe . 1 1.2 The Social Basis of Suicidal Behavior . 3 2 Suicide Mortality in Eastern Europe 8 2.1 Suicide Trends in Estonia, 1965–2009 . 8 2.2 Suicide Trends in Latvia . 12 2.3 Suicide Trends in Lithuania, 1988–2008 . 17 2.4 Suicide Trends in Belarus, 1980–2008 . 21 2.5 Suicide Trends in Russia, 1956–2008 . 28 2.6 Suicide Trends in Ukraine, 1988–2010 . 31 2.7 Suicide Trends in Hungary, 1920–2007 . 34 2.8 Suicide Trends in Poland, 1979–2008 . 39 3 Gender, Age, and Rurality/Urbanity Patterns in Suicidal Behavior 50 3.1 Gender, Age, and Suicide . 50 3.2 Rural-Urban Variation in Suicide Rates . 54 4 Social and Public Health Determinants of Suicide 65 4.1 Culture, Attitudes, and Suicide . 67 4.2 Socioeconomic Status and Suicide . 69 4.3 Social Change, Civil Society, and Suicide: Psychosocial Risk Fac- tors Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Hungary . 72 4.4 Religion/Religiosity as a Determinant of Suicide: Risk or Protection? 76 4.5 Alcohol Consumption as a Determinant of Suicidal Behavior . 83 iii Suicide-body.pdf 3 2/5/2013 2:22:27 PM iv 5 Suicide Prevention Policies and Programs: Accomplishments and Gaps 94 5.1 Health Care Approach to Suicide Prevention: What Works? . 94 5.2 Public Health Approach to Suicide Prevention: What Works? . 98 5.3 Suicide Prevention in Adolescents . 99 5.4 The World Health Organization (WHO) and Suicide Prevention . 100 5.5 Suicide Prevention in Hungary: More on the Importance of Social Protection . 106 5.6 Practitioner’s Perspective: A Successful Local Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) . 106 5.7 Suicide Through a Social Lens: Implications for Prevention . 109 6 Next Steps for the Scientific Community: Research and Data Needs for Designing Effective Suicide Prevention Strategies 121 6.1 Some General Approaches for Moving Forward . 121 6.2 A Role for Historians . 123 6.3 A Role for Economists . 123 6.4 Alcohol Consumption . 125 6.5 Religiosity . 127 6.6 Social Change . 127 6.7 Unemployment . 129 6.8 Depression . 130 6.9 Conclusion . 130 Appendix A 133 Scientific Program . 133 Appendix B 138 Speaker Biographies . 138 Appendix C 145 List of Participants . 145 Suicide-body.pdf 4 2/5/2013 2:22:27 PM List of Figures 1.1 Map of suicide rates worldwide, based on most recently available data (2009). 2 2.1 Suicide crude mortality per 100,000 population, in Estonia, 1970– 2009. Males, females, and total population. 9 2.2 Age-specific suicide mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 population), selected age groups for male and female population over time. 10 2.3 Proportion of total age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) attributed to suicide, by age and gender. 10 2.4 Suicide death rates per 100,000 population by sex, Latvia. 14 2.5 Male excess suicide mortality in rural vs. urban populations across Latvia. Calculations based on a 3-year moving average. 15 2.6 Trends in suicide mortality among urban vs. rural males and females (b = average annual change). 18 2.7 Suicide mortality per 100,000 population in Belarus, 1980–2005. 22 2.8 Male–female ratios in suicide mortality in Belarus, 1980–2008. 23 2.9 Age-standardized male and female suicide rates (per 100,000 popu- lation) in Belarus, 1990–2005. 24 2.10 Female and male suicide mortality in Russia, 1956–2008. 29 2.11 Age distribution of suicide mortality in Russia, 2008. 30 2.12 Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)-positive suicides vs. BAC- negative suicides in eight regions of Russia, before (1981–1984), dur- ing (1985–1990), and after Gorbachev’s anti-alcohol campaign. 30 2.13 Suicide mortality (per 100,000 population) in six main geographic areas of Ukraine, 1988–2009. 33 2.14 Historical trends in suicide rates and suicide proportion of total mor- tality in Hungary, 1920–2007. 35 2.15 Age-specific male suicide mortality rates (per 100,000 population) for selected periods, 1980–2008, in Hungary. 36 2.16 Age-specific female suicide mortality trends (per 100,000 popula- tion) for selected periods, 1980–2008, in Hungary. 37 2.17 Major ways of committing suicide among Hungarian men, 1970–2008. 38 v Suicide-body.pdf 5 2/5/2013 2:22:27 PM vi 2.18 Major ways of committing suicide among Hungarian women, 1970– 2008. 39 3.1 Male–female suicide rates in select European countries, averaged over last five years available. 51 3.2 Male and female suicide rates (per 100,000 population) in the Baltic and Slavic states, 1981–2005. 52 3.3 A comparison of male suicide rates (all ages), 1981–2007, between the Baltic and Slavic states vs. the EU-15 states. 52 3.4 Historical urban and rural suicide rates (per 100,000 population) across Russia. 56 3.5 Urban and rural suicide rates in the Baltic and Slavic states during the transition (i.e., 1986–2001). 57 4.1 Suicide rates (per 100,000 population) by religion. 78 4.2 Suicide rates (per 100,000 population) in the former Soviet states. 79 4.3 Annual and alcohol-related suicide mortality in Russia, 1956–2002. 84 5.1 The effect of social protection spending on the association between unemployment and suicide. 102 5.2 The impact of social welfare spending on suicide rates in Sweden vs. Spain. 102 Suicide-body.pdf 6 2/5/2013 2:22:27 PM List of Tables 1.1 Changes in suicide mortality over time in four East European vs. four West European countries. 4 2.1 Poland: Suicide by provinces (voivodeships) in 2004 . 41 3.1 Mean male–female ratios of suicide mortality rates in urban and rural areas by age and country. 58 4.1 Correlations between aggregated means of religious variables and suicide mortality (1990–1995 average) in 12 European countries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Suicidal Behaviour in Europe
    Suicidal behaviour in Europe Suicidal behaviour in Europe The situation in the 1990s Unni Bille-Brahe World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen I Suicidal behaviour in Europe EUR/ICP/HPSA 01 04 03 Original English. 1998 Target 12 reducing mental disorders and suicide By the year 2000, there should be a sustained and continuing reduction in the prevalence of mental disorders, an improvement in the quality of life of all peo- ple with such disorders, and a reversal of the rising trends in suicide and at- tempted suicide. Abstract This document summarizes the status of suicidal behaviour within the Euro- pean Region of WHO. The definitions and meaning of suicidal behaviour in various cultural settings are discussed and the frequencies of suicide and at- tempted suicide are reported. Suicidal behaviour has constituted a problem of increasing concern in most European countries for many years. In recent years, the rates of suicide have been decreasing in most countries in western Europe, but marked increases have taken place in most countries in the eastern part of the European Region. There are no national statistics on attempted suicide, but studies indicate that there are at least 810 times as many suicide attempts as completed suicides. Finally, the work of WHO on preventing suicide together with that of the United Nations resulting in the document Prevention of sui- cide. Guidelines for the formulation and implementation of national strategies is discussed and various initiatives recommended. Keywords SUICIDE statistics SUICIDE prevention and control SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED prevention and control EUROPE EUROPE, EASTERN © World Health Organization 1998 All rights in this document are reserved by the WHO Regional Office for Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Copyright of This Thesis Vests in the Author. No Quotation from It Or Information Derived from It Is to Be Published Without Full Acknowledgement of the Source
    The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town i ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR ACUTE PESTICIDE POISONING IN TANZANIA Elikana Eliona Lekei LKXELI001 SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Faculty Health Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN Date of submission: 27th August 2012 Supervisor: Prof. Leslie London School ofy Public of Health Cape & Family Medicine Town Faculty of Health Sciences Anzio Road, Observatory 7925 South Africa E mail: [email protected] Tel: 27 21 4066524 Universit Co Supervisor: Dr Aiwerasia V Ngowi Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) School of Public Health and Social Sciences Department of Environmental and Occupational Health P O Box 65015 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: 255 2150302-6 Ext. 236; Fax: 255 22 2150465 i ii DECLARATION I, Elikana Eliona Lekei, hereby declare that the work on which this dissertation/thesis is based is my original work (except where acknowledgements indicate otherwise) and that neither the whole work nor any part of it has been, is being, or is to be submitted for another degree in this or any other university. I empower the university to reproduce for the purpose of research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide by Poisoning in Pakistan: Review of Regional Trends, Toxicity
    BJPsych Open (2021) 7, e114, 1–16. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2021.923 Review Suicide by poisoning in Pakistan: review of regional trends, toxicity and management of commonly used agents in the past three decades Maria Safdar*, Khalid Imran Afzal*, Zoe Smith, Filza Ali, Pervaiz Zarif and Zahid Farooq Baig Background from the agricultural belt of South Punjab and interior Sindh. ‘ ’ Suicide is one of the leading mental health crises and takes one Aluminium phosphide ( wheat pills ) was a preferred agent in ‘kala pathar’ life every 40 seconds. Four out of every five suicides occur in low- North Punjab, whereas paraphenylenediamine ( ) and middle-income countries. Despite religion being a protective was implicated in deaths by suicide from South Punjab. Urban factor against suicide, the estimated number of suicides is rap- areas had other means for suicide, including household idly increasing in Pakistan. chemicals, benzodiazepines, kerosene oil and rat poison. Aims Conclusions Our review focuses on the trends of suicide and means of Urgent steps are needed, including psychoeducational self-poisoning in the past three decades, and the management campaigns on mental health and suicide, staff training, medical of commonly used poisons. resources for prompt treatment of self-poisoning and updated governmental policy to regulate pesticide sales. Method We searched two electronic databases (PubMed and Keywords PakMediNet) for published English-language studies describing Low- and middle-income countries; suicide; mortality; epidemi- agents used for suicide in different regions of Pakistan. A total of ology; self-harm. 46 out of 85 papers (N = 54 747 cases) met our inclusion criteria. Copyright and usage Results © The Author(s), 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Suicide: a Global Imperative
    PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Preventing suicide: a global imperative. 1.Suicide, Attempted. 2.Suicide - prevention and control. 3.Suicidal Ideation. 4.National Health Programs. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156477 9 (NLM classification: HV 6545) © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility The designations employed and the presentation of the material in for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning arising from its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide in South Asia
    SUICIDE IN SOUTH ASIA: A SCOPING REVIEW OF PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED LITERATURE FINAL REPORT OCT 15, 2013 HEALTHNET TPO i RESEARCH TEAM Mark Jordans, PhD Research and Development, HealthNet TPO, the Netherlands Center for Global Mental Health, King’s College London, UK Anne Kaufman, BA Research and Development, HealthNet TPO, the Netherlands Natassia Brenman, BA Research and Development, HealthNet TPO, the Netherlands Ramesh Adhikari, MA, MPhil Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Nepal Nagendra Luitel, MA Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Nepal Wietse Tol, PhD Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA Ivan Komproe, PhD Research and Development, HealthNet TPO, the Netherlands Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to the members of our Research Advisory Group, Dr. Arzu Deuba, Dr. Murad Khan, Professor Atif Rahman and Dr. Athula Sumathipala, for their support and review of the search protocol, and to our National Consultants, Dr. Hamdard Naqibullah (Afghanistan), Dr. Nafisa Huq (Bangladesh), Ms. Mona Sharma (India), Dr. Jamil Ahmed (Pakistan), and Dr. Tom Widger (Sri Lanka), for their valuable local knowledge, and for leaving no stone unturned in identifying in-country documents on suicide. We also acknowledge the comments on the search protocol and draft report received from DFID’s South Asia Research Hub and in particular from the external peer reviewers, Daniela Fuhr (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine), and Joanna Teuton (NHS Scotland). We thank Inge Vollebregt (HealthNet TPO) for her support in improving the presentation of the report. This research was done with financial support from DFID’s South Asia Research Hub, for which we are thankful.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide and Deliberate Self-Harm in Pakistan: a Scoping Review
    eCommons@AKU Department of Psychiatry Medical College, Pakistan 2-12-2018 Suicide and deliberate self-harm in Pakistan: A scoping review Sualeha S. Shekhani Aga Khan University Shagufta Perveen Aga Khan University, [email protected] Dur-e-Sameen Hashmi Aga Khan University Khawaja Akbar Aga Khan University Sara Bachani Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital, USA. See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_psychiatry Part of the Psychiatry Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Shekhani, S. S., Perveen, S., Hashmi, D., Akbar, K., Bachani, S., Khan, M. M. (2018). Suicide and deliberate self-harm in Pakistan: A scoping review. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 44. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_psychiatry/112 Authors Sualeha S. Shekhani, Shagufta Perveen, Dur-e-Sameen Hashmi, Khawaja Akbar, Sara Bachani, and Murad M. Khan Dr. This article is available at eCommons@AKU: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_psychiatry/112 Shekhani et al. BMC Psychiatry (2018) 18:44 DOI 10.1186/s12888-017-1586-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Suicide and deliberate self-harm in Pakistan: a scoping review Sualeha S. Shekhani1, Shagufta Perveen2, Dur-e-Sameen Hashmi1, Khawaja Akbar3, Sara Bachani4 and Murad M. Khan1* Abstract Background: Suicide is a major global public health problem with more than 800,000 incidents worldwide annually. Seventy-five percent of the global suicides occur in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pakistan is a LMIC where information on suicidal behavior is limited. The aim of the review is to map available literature on determinants, risk factors and other variables of suicidal behavior in Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithuanians and Poles Against Communism After 1956. Parallel Ways to Freedom?
    Lithuanians and Poles against Communism after 1956. Parallel Ways to Freedom? The project has been co-financed by the Department of Public and Cultural Diplomacy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs within the competition ‘Cooperation in the field of public diplomacy 2013.’ The publication expresses only the views of the author and must not be identified with the official stance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The book is available under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0, Poland. Some rights have been reserved to the authors and the Faculty of International and Po- litical Studies of the Jagiellonian University. This piece has been created as a part of the competition ‘Cooperation in the Field of Public Diplomacy in 2013,’ implemented by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2013. It is permitted to use this work, provided that the above information, including the information on the applicable license, holders of rights and competition ‘Cooperation in the field of public diplomacy 2013’ is included. Translated from Polish by Anna Sekułowicz and Łukasz Moskała Translated from Lithuanian by Aldona Matulytė Copy-edited by Keith Horeschka Cover designe by Bartłomiej Klepiński ISBN 978-609-8086-05-8 © PI Bernardinai.lt, 2015 © Jagiellonian University, 2015 Lithuanians and Poles against Communism after 1956. Parallel Ways to Freedom? Editet by Katarzyna Korzeniewska, Adam Mielczarek, Monika Kareniauskaitė, and Małgorzata Stefanowicz Vilnius 2015 Table of Contents 7 Katarzyna Korzeniewska, Adam Mielczarek, Monika Kareniauskaitė, Małgorzata
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Evidence-Based Suicide Prevention Programmes WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
    Towards Evidence-based Suicide Prevention Programmes WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Towards evidence-based suicide prevention programmes. 1. Suicide - prevention and control. ISBN 978 92 9061 462 3 (NLM Classification: W822) © World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@ who.int). For WHO Western Pacific Regional Publications, request for permission to reproduce should be addressed to the Publications Office, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, P.O. Box 2932, 1000, Manila, Philippines, Fax. No. (632) 521-1036, email: [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • When the Victim Is a Woman
    Chapter Four 113 When the Victim is a Woman he demographics of armed violence are and suffering, especially given that violence T often described in general terms. Men— against women seldom occurs as an isolated especially young men—are determined incident. It is often the culmination of escalating to be most likely to kill and be killed. Women, it aggressions that in some cases lead to fatal out- is often said, are affected in different ways: as comes. Moreover, when a woman is killed, there victims, survivors, and often as single heads of are also frequently indirect casualties; perpetra- households. Yet on closer inspection these crude tors sometimes commit suicide while also taking WHEN THE VICTIM IS A WOMAN generalizations are found wanting. This chapter the lives of others, including children, witnesses, unpacks global patterns of armed violence directed and bystanders. Many women who endure abusive against women. It focuses on ‘femicide’—the and violent relationships also commit suicide in killing of a woman—as well as sexual violence order to end their misery. The sharp increase in committed against women during and following reported suicide and self-immolation among Afghan 1 armed conflict. women is attributed to severe forms of psycho- logical, physical, and sexual violence, including 2 Men generally represent a disproportionately forced marriage (MOWA, 2008, pp. 12–13). high percentage of the victims of homicide, while 3 women constitute approximately 10 per cent of The violent killing of any individual is a tragedy 4 homicide victims in Mexico, 23 per cent in the with traumatic knock-on effects; it generates far- United States, and 29 per cent in Australia (INEGI, reaching repercussions that reflect the victim’s 5 2009; FBI, 2010; ABS, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Naujasis Židinys-Aidai
    naujasis židinys-aidai Laiškas redaktoriui Nustebimai ViLius Bartninkas 1 Guoda azGuridienė stabilumas – misija neįmanoma 57 Gailių klano premija 2015 Vytautas aLišauskas Laudatio kun. juliui sasnauskui OFM 3 aPŽVaLGa Pastabos Mantas Tamošaitis. Literatūrinis metų derlius: Laurynas PeLuritis ar gražiai nuaugęs ir apie ką? Pastebėjimai Kariuomenė ir laisvė 5 po Vilniaus knygų mugės 59 Katarzyna Korzeniewska. istorikai, sociologai Įžvalgos ir sovietmečio konferencijos 62 kęstutis k. Girnius Lietuvos užsienio politika déjà vu 6 Mažvydas Jastramskis. ar pakeis Lietuvą tiesioginiai merų rinkimai? 65 Visuomenė egidijus Vareikis. Poncijaus Piloto danutė GaiLienė. savižudybės Lietuvoje: pėdomis: žmogaus teisės – kieno vardu? 68 sociokultūrinis kontekstas 10 Knygų mugė 70 Atmintis oLeksandra GaidaJ. „Viso gero, Leninai!“: Užsklanda sovietinės atminties paveldas Vidurio ukrainoje 20 BaziLiJus aGriPa 50 BVP procentų: (Lietuvos kariūno sapnas) 72 Istorija JuozaPas BLaŽiūnas. Pasakojimas apie „beveik“ LdK kolonijas Gambijoje ir Tobage 29 Akademybė toMas dauGirdas Gardžių bandelių patriotizmas 38 Kas pasaulyje ne taip GiLBert k. ChestertoN. Beprotiška būtinybė 40 skilčių logotipai: Įžvalgos – Gordon Edvard Craig. Book of Penny Toys. 1899. iliustracija. Medžio raižinys; Akademy- Proza bė – Gargulė (Oksfordas, naujoji kolegija); Nustebimai – ernst theodor aMadeus hoffMann. XViii a. nežinomo anglų autoriaus graviūros frag mentas. Panelė de skiuderi (ii): Pasakojimas iš Viršelyje – Gintaras Znamierowski. „Pavasario aidai“ iš cik- Liudviko XiV laikų 43
    [Show full text]
  • The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta's
    A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972 Amanda Jeanne Swain A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Glennys Young, Chair James Felak Guntis Smidchens Program Authorized to Offer Degree: History © Copyright 2013 Amanda Jeanne Swain University of Washington Abstract A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972 Amanda Jeanne Swain Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Glennys Young History “A Death Transformed: The Political and Social Consequences of Romas Kalanta’s Self- Immolation, Soviet Lithuania, 1972” explores Soviet and post-Soviet interpretive narratives and political practices in response to two days of street demonstrations that followed the 1972 suicide of a nineteen-year-old man in Soviet Lithuania. My analysis reveals that Communist authorities and participating youth viewed the demonstrations as a struggle over the acceptable boundaries and content of modern Soviet youth culture. Despite extensive evidence that by 1972 youth were actively negotiating the boundaries of what were acceptable activities, Communist authorities and young people operated within an ideological framework that denied young people’s capacity to express discontent with the Soviet system. In post-Communist Lithuania, social and political elites constructed narratives of May 1972 that reclaimed agency by representing the demonstrations alternatively as nationalist dissent, civil resistance or Sixties-style youth protest. The diversity of narratives reflected on-going debates about the nature of post-Communist Lithuanian identity. This work seeks to make significant contributions to the historiography of the Soviet Union and to scholarship on the politics of memory and European integration.
    [Show full text]
  • Means Restriction for Suicide Prevention
    Series Suicide 3 Means restriction for suicide prevention Paul S F Yip, Eric Caine, Saman Yousuf, Shu-Sen Chang, Kevin Chien-Chang Wu, Ying-Yeh Chen Limitation of access to lethal methods used for suicide—so-called means restriction—is an important population Lancet 2012; 379: 2393–99 strategy for suicide prevention. Many empirical studies have shown that such means restriction is eff ective. Although See Editorial page 2314 some individuals might seek other methods, many do not; when they do, the means chosen are less lethal and are See Comment page 2316 associated with fewer deaths than when more dangerous ones are available. We examine how the spread of This is the third in a Series information about suicide methods through formal and informal media potentially aff ects the choices that people of three papers about suicide make when attempting to kill themselves. We also discuss the challenges associated with implementation of means Department of Social Work and restriction and whether numbers of deaths by suicide are reduced. Social Administration (Prof P S F Yip PhD, S Yousuf FCPS) and Center for Introduction cannot be accessed with interventions or restrictions at Suicide Research and For more than a century, writers and researchers have the time of their greatest risk; indeed, they often seek Prevention (Prof P S F Yip, considered suicide from two opposite perspectives, to avoid detection. The probability of individuals S-S Chang PhD), University of invoking broad cultural and societal factors as causes or attempting suicide decreases when they are precluded Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for the Study and 10 focusing on uniquely individual characteristics and experi- from implementing a preferred method —ie, suicide Prevention of Suicide, ences to explain why people kill themselves.
    [Show full text]