S. Balaselvakumar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 5, ( Part -3) May 2015, pp.108-117 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Landuse and Landcover Change Detection in Lalgudi Block, Tiruchirappalli District - Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques S. Balaselvakumar*, P. Sujatha and A. Ilanthirayan *Department of Geography, Periyar E.V.R. College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 023 ABSTRACT In this paper an attempt has been carried out mapping and analysis the landuse and landcover change detection in Lalgudi block of Tiruchirappalli district using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The total area of the study area is 272.2 sq.km. It is located in the central part of Tamil Nadu. Landuse and Landcover change detection maps were generated and classified into agriculture land, built-up land, fallow land, natural vegetation, river sand, water bodies, and scrub without scrub land for the year 1990, 2000 and 2010 based on NRSA classification. Each landuse and landcover has been changed positively and negatively for the three decades, especially agriculture land, sandy area, natural vegetation and fallow land, which is about 19.62%, 6.56%, 13.16% and 14.91 percentages respectively. I. INTRODUCTION Land is the basic resource of human society. It is regarding land resources. Thus there is no doubt of the most significant among the natural resources of the importance of an efficient and accurate the country and most of its inhabitants depend on acquisition procedure to obtain this change agriculture for their livelihood. Land is being used information. Anderson (1971) has studied the land by people for various purposes. The basic use classification using recent geographic requirement of human society is food. Farmers produce food from the land. The second important applications of remote sensing and Rhind and basic need of the people is home. It takes a very Hudson (1980) have described the urban land use higher priority in its demand of land. The other need model in Britain. of mankind is work. For that, land can provide right location for work place or industries. The fourth need Jensen (1981) explains change detection can be is recreation and fifth is the communication. These performed manually by means of visual digital also require land, but, agricultural areas should not be change detection techniques have been developed. considered for allotment for these purposes. Only Gautam et.al., (1982) has been studied the use lands not suitable for agriculture should be taken into remote sensing technique in land use within a very consideration. short time and accurate manner. The present are also Land use change always been of involves interest mapping and analysis the landuse and landcover to geographers. This topic of geographic research is change detection in Lalgudi block of Tiruchirappalli in land use change identification, location and district. mapping the sites and areas of different types of change and by updating the existing land use records II. STUDY AREA and maps. The above said information is important in The study area is located in the eastern part of providing an updated inventory of the existing land Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu State. It is resources that are being used by human beings. Using surrounded by Northern side in the Manachanallur, Southern side in the Thiruverambur, Eastern side in this information on change, the interaction among the the Pullambadi and Western side in the Andanallur forces and the effects of land use change on block. It lies between the North latitude of 100 50’N associated attributes such as land quality, land to 110 55’ N and East longitude of 780 45’ E to 780 value and tenure can be studied in a comprehensive 55’ E and covering the Survey of India topographic manner Bryant (1976). These investigations often sheet no 58 M/ 16, 4, 8 in Fig 1 and it has an area of enhances the knowledge, and provide a sound basis, 272.5 sq.km. The study area is well connected by from which better management and planning policies, Road and Railway transport. The block contains 53 revenue villages and two town Panchayats. www.ijera.com 108 | P a g e S. Balaselvakumar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 5, ( Part -3) May 2015, pp.108-117 Majority of the area is raised paddy crop in two agriculture operations. seasons. Apart from paddy, they raised sugarcane and banana. Nationalized banks & Agri-co- operative societies helped the farmers to improve their 1.1 www.ijera.com 109 | P a g e S. Balaselvakumar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 5, ( Part -3) May 2015, pp.108-117 Fig 1. 2. LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA III. OBJECTIVES LISS- III images were compared with supervised The main objectives of the study classification technique. In the supervised To prepare landuse and landcover map and classification technique, three images with different analysis the change detection for the years years are independently classified. 1990, 2000 and 2010. V. LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER IV. METHODOLOGY CHANGE DETECTION IN The survey of India Toposheets of 58 M/ 16, 4, 8 LALGUDI BLOCK 1990, 2000 AND in 1:50,000 scale of Lalgudi block is registered, 2010 digitized and analyzed with the help of Arc GIS and Landuse and Landcover change detection were ERDAS imagine software for landuse and landcover analyzed and discussed as given below. (Table .1 and change detection analysis in the years 1990, 2000 and Fig 3.) 2010. Totally, seven landuse and landcover classes 5.1 AGRICULTURE LAND were established in the study area, as agriculture From the landuse map (Fig. 3) and bar diagram land, built-up land, fallow land, natural vegetation, (Fig. 4), it gives an idea of how landuse pattern keeps scrub without scrub land, water bodies and sandy the trends of changes. Mainly in 1990, what were the area. Two dated LANDSAT images and one changes of the landuse pattern of agriculture land, www.ijera.com 110 | P a g e S. Balaselvakumar et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 5, ( Part -3) May 2015, pp.108-117 built-up land, water bodies, and scrub land, they are 5.2. BUILT –UP-LAND analyzed detailed in change detection part. The present study area covers 45 villages. In 1990 landuse and landcover map were Among the villages, based on the size of the prepared to understand the various aspects of the population to leads all portion in Puvalur and landuse and the changes, which is occurred during Lalgudi of the study area. The major settlements are the period from 1980 to 1990. In 1990 landuse has categorized based on the density of the population. covered an area of 136.78 sq.km. In the year, land The major national high way is Musiri-Lalgudi- under agriculture was very vast, because it has been Ariyalur District. The population of the study area is used for farming and production of food, commercial ranging maximum 1000-4999 in the entire regions and horticulture crops. It includes land under crops and minimum ranging is 500-999. It is defined as an irrigated and un-irrigated cash crop, pulses, etc, Crop area of human habitation developed due to non land is the major landuse category observed in this agriculture area. This study area has covers of block. This particular land has undergone drastic building, transport, and communication, utilities changes in the area. Most of the agriculture lands association with water, vegetation and vacant lands. were located around the settlements in all the Migration of people is from rural to urban has villages. When the agriculture land is compared form become quite common. The built up land is the year 1990 to 2000, the agriculture land area was increasing day by day. The built up land has spread decreased -2.87 percentages. The agriculture lands all over the entire study area. The built- up land I& II have been located in the southern part of the villages (urban and suburban) is occupied an area of of Khookur, Edayathumangalam, Sathamangalam, 17.51sq.km and 20.91sq.km in the year. Athikudi, Koppavali, Jengamarajapuram, In 1990 compared to 2000 the built-up I and II Nerunjalakudi, Pambaramsuthi, Sathamangalam, has increased to (1.91) and (2%). Built-up land has Eastern side of the village Sirumayangudi, Sembarai, been located in the villages of Puthuuthamanur, Komakudi, Mettupatti, Keelaanbil, Ariyur, Natham, Northern part of Aglanganallur, Mahilambadi, Mangudi, Alangudimahajanam, Nagar, Western side R. Valavanur, Peruvalanallur, Tachankurichi, of the village Alakkudi, Edayathumangalam, Southern side in Khookur, Edayathumangalam, Maruthur, Keelaperungavur, Sirumaruthur, Pudukudi, Sathamangalam, Athikudi, Koppavali, Northern side of the villages Agalanganallur, Jengamarajapuram, Nerunjalakudi, Pambaramsuthi, Puthuuthamanur, Makilambadi, R.Valavanur, Sathamangalam, Eastern side of Sirumayankudi, Peruvalanallur and Tachankurichchi. The block has Sembarai, Komakudi, Mettupatti, Keelaanbil, been seen busy agriculture activities in 1990 higher Ariyur, Natham, Mangudi, Alangudi, Magajanam, than the year. Nagar, Western side of Alagudi, In 2000 the agriculture land occupied an area of Edayathumangalam, Maruthur, Keelaperungavur, 133.91sq.km. In 1990 compare to 2000 agriculture Sirumaruthur, Pudukkudi, Valadi, R.valavanur, land has been decreased in (-4%) was there, because T.valavanur, Esanakorai. This area of built-up land of the land converted to scrub without scrub land and concentration has been lower than the year 1990. fallow land. Agriculture land are found in the villages In 2000 built-up land I and II occupied an area of Edayathumangalam, Southern part of Khookur, 19.24sq.km and 22.91sq.km. In 2000 compared to Sathamangalam, Athikudi, Koppavali, 2010 the built-up lands were increased in (2.2%) and Jengamarajapuram, Nerunjalakudi, Pambaramsuthi, (1.33%) respectively.