CAKE AND COCKHORSE ENTERTAINMENTS AT WHICH WE HAVE NEVER ASSISTED. " nc.t.OINO Jl'hOM DOXC!D.\.\" BOOK .\'l' Tll Rt:col\.Do .--..oc. BANBURY HISTORICAL SOCIETY S--:@FJtl5 12.58 V..... 19N..._9 ISIINfflUIZJ BANBURY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Charity No. 260581 wv.rw .banburyhistoricalsociely.org President The Lord Saye and Sele Vic.e--President Or. Barrie Trindcr Chair Debomh Hayter: deborahha)[email protected] Se<retary Treasurer GeoffGr iffiths Simon Townsend Banbury Museum 39 Waller Drive SpiceballPark Road. Banbury Banbury OX16 2PQ OX169NS 01295 753781 01295 263944 [email protected] [email protected] Membership Secretary Committee members Margaret Little Chris Day c/o Banbury Museum Helen Forde [email protected] Br ian GoO<lcy Clare Jakeman Brian Little David Pym Barrie Trinder Susan Wnlker Cake a11.dCockhorse Editorial Committee Editor: Chris Day, 37 GavestonGardens, lfompton Road. DeddingtonOXL5 0NX [email protected] Reviews Editor: Helen Forde HcJcn [email protected] Deborah Ha)ller, Barrie Trinder Q 2015 Banbury Historical Society on behalf of itscontributors. Cake and Cockhorse The magazine of the Banbury Historical Society,issued three times a year. Volume 19 Summer2015 Number Nine Deborah f/(lyter Magna Carta at Broughton Castle 302 GillianGeering Hook Norton: Domesday Book and the Landscape 303 Barrie 11'/'nder Banbllryshire Gazetteered: PartTwo (b) 310 Jeremy Gibso11 Indexes. Volume 19, 1-9 (2012-2015) Personal and Business Names 316 Place Names... 329 Members of the Society have. we hope, enjoyed the variety of evenis that we arranged this Slimmer. They have included the usual excursions and lively AGM but also an important event at Broughton Castle where, on a golden June evening, the Society was joint organiser of a highly successful meeting to mark the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta. We carry a repon on the event over the page. 111e tongue-in-cheek cartoon on this issue's cover is one that I have treasured for years but thought I would never get the chance of using. 8111 Gillian Gecring's article on 'Hook Norton and Domesday' has provided an opportunity too good 10 miss so here, at last, it is. Her anicle gives the lie 10 the still conmon, perception enshrined in the cartoon. More such studies for Banburyshire will be most welcome. Two substantial articles are for reasons of space being held over for future issues. 11 is encour.igingthat our members are producing more material than we can publish at any one time. Readers have only to consult the indexes in this issue to sec just what a remarkably wide range of individuals and places feature in a single nine.. issue volume ofCake & Cockhorse. Cover: Courtesy ofPunch. or rhe LondonCharivari. 18 August 1926. 301 MAGNA CARTA at BROUGHTON CASTLE Deborah Hayter We had a perfect evening on June 25th to celebratethe 800th anniversary of tl1e sealing of the Magna Carta. The sun shone. the c.astlc looked splendid and the gardens were at a peak of rose-filled perfection. Every ticket had been sold and people came and picnicked in the grounds and enjoyed the atmosphere. It was particularly apposite to be at Broughton for this. as Baron Saye was one oft.he barons who forced King John lo set his seal on the charter, and the Great Hall was a wonderful setting for such an occasion. Sir Bob Worcester. chairing the occasion, introduced the serious part of the proceedings and gave a short precis or the importance of Magna Carta in the following centuries. It was an extra bonus to have Anton Lesser with us. who had played Sir Thomas More in the recent BBC adaptation of WolfHall. some of which had been filmed at Brough1on. He read extracts from the Great Charter. and also finished the evening with a reading of Rudyard Kipling's Runnymede. In between Professor David Carpenter. of King's College London, gave a sparkling lecture aboul the making of the Greal Charter. which included some distinctly unacademic language ("King John was obviously a s0t'), making U! all laugh as well as making us think. Afterward Professor Carpenter signed copies of his books. some BHS books were sold. more wine was drunk and a cheerful time was had by all. TI1is event was arranged by Banbury Museum together with the Banbury Historical Society wilh help from the Magna Carta Trust. Many thanks are due to Simon Townsend and to Susan Walker forputting it all together, not forgetting Marlin Ficnnes who made it all possible by making the Castle available. Henry Stone & S011,Banbury Early catalogues of Henry Stone & Son, Ltd, and Memoirs of Eleanor Stone. sources for articles in Cake & Cocklwrse, vol. I 9, nos. 4 and 5, have now been deposited at Lhe Oxfordshire History Centre. Cowley. J02 A SURVEY OF HOOK NORTON: Domesday Book and the Landscape Gillian Geering Roher/ also holds HOOK NORTON as three manors. 30 hides. land for 30 ploughs. Ofthis land 5 hides are in lordship; 5 ploughsthere: 5 slaves. 76 villagers with J s111allholders have 30 ploughs. 2 mills are 20s.; meadow.J..10acres: pasture5 furlongs long and 2furlongs wide: spinney 2fitrlong.1· long and½ firr/ong wide. Valuebefore /066. later and now £30.Thr ee brorlters held itfreely. 1 The Domesday Survey provides an invaluable insight into life in England in the eleventh century. Intended simply to provide information on revenues due to the crown. Domesday provides an incomplete record of geographical area, land use and population. However. the speed of its productfon does illustrate the preceding Anglo-Saxon administration's well-established commLU1ications, legal and fiscal systems. According to Domesday. Hook Norton was a large and profitable entity, returning £30 in taxes in both I 066 and I 086. It might well not have c-overed the same area as today's civil parish. In the tenth century Hook Norton was a royal estate, a 'viii'. It is so named by John of Worcester in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle: After Easter [in 913] tlte pagan army from Northampton a11d Leicester p/u11dered ' DomesdayBook. Oxfordshire, Phillimore. Oxford. f. 28. 303 Oxfordshire, and killed many men in the royal viii Hook Norton and in many other places. John Blair i11 Oxoniensa points out that five parishes meet on the north eastern boundaiy of Hook Norton and postulates that a royal estate that included Hook Norton was broken up in the temh century.2 Further evidence of! look Norton's pre-Conquest impo11ance is the Anglo-Saxon stonework discovered in the church. Domesday entriesfor Oxfordshire: Domesday entries for Oxfordshire: by tax paid by hounhold siu Pl:.ue Name Hundred Tax Pl:.ceName Hundred llou.sth·d.s I Dorcht.'Ster Oorchl!'Sta 72.8 Shipton f-u•W) Shipton 158.5 2 Cropredy Banbury 55 Cmpredy Banbury 158 3 Banbury Banhury 53.5 Dorchcsrer Dorchester IS3 4 nrnmc Thame 50 Banbury Banbul) 135 s Ship1on I+WJ Shipton 46 Droitwich • Clent 114.8 6 [Gll Milton Thame 40.8 Addcrt>ury Bloxham 107.5 7 Pynon Pyrton 40 Thame TI1amc 103 8 Dedding1on Wootton 36 Dcddington Wootton 99 9 Addcrburi Bloxham 32.8 Sarsckn Shipton 97 10 Hook Norton Shipton 30 Sta111on [ll'ctJ \Vootton 95 11 Wilne) Ba1np 1on 30 Bampton BamplOll 89 12 [l'rJ Risboro· • Risborough 30 Hook Norton Shipton 84 13 Bampton Bampton 26.8 [Gtl Millon Thame 74 14 S1anto11 JH'ct] \Vootton 26 Broadwell Bampton 74 15 Tadmarton Bloxham 25 Kittlington Kirtlington 71 16 Broadwell Bam1)Lon 24.3 Eyn�hnm Wootton 70 17 l�nstonc Shipton 24 Benson Benson 69 18 Stoke !Lyne] Ki11lington 21.3 Stoke [LyneJ Kinlingtoo 67 19 Harley Blo�hom 21 Lcwknor Lewknor 66 59 20 Sihford[sl Bloxham 21 Dunsden Binficld Benson S9 21 Ev,elme 20.8 Drayton 131oxham 22 Sarsckn ShiplOn 20 Bloxham Bloxham 57.3 23 Dunsden Binficld 20 Pynon l)ynon 56 l)ampton Dmyton Bloxham 20 Witncy 56 2425 Aston [Rowant l Lewknor 20 Watling.ton Pynon 54 Wootton 26 Ctwcrsham Binfield 20 [Greal] Tew S3 27 tleyford[s] Kirtling1on 20 [Chipping] Norton Shipton 53 28 Shirbum Pynon 20 Taynton Shipton 51 29 Churchill Shipton 20 Aston [Rowantj Lewknor so 30 Goring Llmll:troc 20 [Pr) Risborough • Risborough 47 Derivedjrom Open Domesdtl)·0111i11e • Droi1wich and Princes Risborough are included asthey were historically linked LO some Oxfordshire manors. 'John Blair. "Hook Norton, regia villa", Oxoniensia, Vol LJ, 1986. p.63. 3(),1 In 1086 the landowner who united d1e diree manors and was directly responsible to the crown was Robe,t d"Oilly, by then Sheriff of Warwickshire and Oxfordshire and keeper of Oxford Castle. Robe,t had fought at Hastings and accompanied Duke William 10 Wallingford 1 where - thanks to a Saxon kinsman of Edward the Confessor, Wigod - the invading army crossed the Thames on their way to take London. Robe,t was delegated to strengthen the castle at Wallingford and presumably that was when he married Wigod's daughter. Many of Wigod's lands passed to Robert and were then given 10 Robert's son-in-law. Miles Crispin, and his comrade in am1s, Roger d'lvry.4 In fact, 14 ofd1e 23 lands artribured to Wigod were held at least in part by d'Oilly, Crispin or d"Jvry in I 086 - but there is no evidence that the three brothers who held Hook Norton in I 066 were associated with Wigod. Be that as it may, HookNorton was the largest of Robert d'Oilly's manors, and the ea put of his barony. The Normans were ruthless in their enforcement of rank and duties. What would later be called the feudal system is oftenattributed LO them, but they built on systems already in place before the Conquest.