Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2000
Prepared by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited by Andrew Ball
June 2001 Client Report FW0141
E12 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2000
June 2001
Prepared as part of a Ministry of Health contract for scientific services
by
Andrew Ball
Published with the permission of the Director-General of Health in October 2001 Ministry of Health PO Box 5013, Wellington, New Zealand
ISBN 0-478-23959-9 (Booklet) ISBN 0-478-23960-2 (Internet)
This document is available on the Ministry of Health’s web site http://www.moh.govt.nz
Ministry of Health Disclaimer
The data and analyses contained in the Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2000 have been supplied to the Ministry of Health by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR). The Ministry of Health cannot confirm the accuracy of the data and the analyses and accepts no liability or responsibility for any acts or omissions, done or omitted in reliance, in whole or in part, on the data or the analyses.
All local authorities and bulk water suppliers and relevant government agencies were given the opportunity to comment on and check this document for accuracy prior to publication. The Ministry of Health has endeavoured to ensure that the feedback has been included in this published report and would like to thank those who provided comments and corrections.
ESR Disclaimer
This report or document (the Report) is given by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR) solely for the benefit of the Ministry of Health, Public Health Service Providers and other Third Party Beneficiaries as defined in the Contract between ESR and the Ministry of Health and is strictly subject to the conditions laid out in that Contract.
Neither ESR nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for use of the Report or its contents by any person or organisation.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality iii of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Acknowledgements
The author is very grateful for the efforts of the Health Protection Officers and local authority personnel who gathered the data and completed the questionnaire forms for this survey and, in particular, to those who took the time to provide useful feedback about the questionnaire. Thanks also to Alan Ferguson for assistance with water supply information systems.
The care taken by Helen Davies, Chris Nokes and the staff of the Ministry of Health and of certain public health service providers in reviewing the report and providing valuable comment was also very much appreciated.
iv Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Contents
Executive Summary ix Background ix Key findings ix Summary of data xi Recommendations xiv
Consumer Feedback xvi
1 Introduction 1 1.1 Project specification 1 1.2 Previous surveys 1 1.3 Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 1995 2
2 Methodology 4 2.1 The questionnaires 4 2.1.1 Water supplier monitoring–treatment plant and source water 4 2.1.2 PHSP surveillance of water treatment plant 4 2.1.3 Water supplier monitoring–distribution zone 4 2.1.4 PHSP surveillance of the distribution zone 5 2.1.5 Population information 5 2.2 Questionnaire distribution 5 2.3 Coverage of the survey 6 2.4 Quality control 6 2.5 Analysis 7 2.6 Shortcomings of the questionnaire 7
3 Overview of Drinking-water Supplies 9
4 Drinking-water Monitoring in the Distribution Zone 11 4.1 Adequacy of monitoring 11 4.1.1 Classification by health district 11 4.1.2 Classification by population band 14 4.2 Compliance 16 4.2.1 Classification by health district 16 4.2.2 Classification by population band 22
5 Drinking-water Monitoring at the Treatment Plant 24 5.1 The population distribution of treatment plants 24 5.2 Adequacy of treatment plant monitoring 25
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality v of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 6 Validity of Microbiological Monitoring 34
7 Water Supply Surveillance 36 7.1 PHSP surveillance of distribution zones 36 7.2 PHSP surveillance of treatment plants 39 7.3 Public health risk management plans 40
8 Monitoring and Surveillance in Schools 42
9 Private and Hospital Drinking-water Supplies 46 9.1 Private supplies 46 9.2 Hospital and health service supplies 47
10 Corrective Action 49 10.1 Responses to transgressions 49 10.2 ‘Boil Water’ notices 50
11 Disinfection 52 11.1 The effect of disinfection status on microbiological quality 52 11.2 Methods of disinfection 54
12 The Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 59 12.1 Some of the implications to microbiological compliance of the DWSNZ:2000 59
13 References 62
Appendix 1: Drinking-water microbiology questionnaires 63
Appendix 2: Notes to the 2000 annual survey of the microbiological quality of drinking-water 67
Appendix 3: Drinking-water standards for New Zealand:1995 80
Appendix 4: Ministry of Health register of laboratories approved for drinking-water compliance testing 83
Appendix 5: The use of non-approved laboratories for distribution zone compliance testing of local authority supplies 85
vi Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 6: Distribution zone monitoring and surveillance 87 Northland 89 Auckland 94 Waikato 99 Tauranga 103 Whakatane 105 Rotorua 106 Tairawhiti 108 Hawkes Bay 110 Taranaki 113 Wanganui 115 Manawatu 117 Wairarapa 119 Hutt Valley 120 Nelson 122 Marlborough 124 West Coast 126 Canterbury 128 South Canterbury 133 Otago 135 Southland 138
Appendix 7: Anomalies between microbiological quality and grading 140
Appendix 8: Anomalies between monitoring and surveillance results 142
Appendix 9: Distribution zones on permanent ‘boil water’ notice 144
Appendix 10: School drinking-water supplies 145
Appendix 11: School drinking-water supplies that have yet to be registered 157
Appendix 12: List of health districts and public health service providers 158
Appendix 13: Ministry of Education circular to schools 159
Appendix 14: Grading 165
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality vii of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 List of tables
Table 3.1: Numbers and populations of distribution zones and treatment plants 9 Table 3.2: Number of distribution zones and populations supplied in the health districts 9 Table 4.1: Summary of the adequacy of monitoring in distribution zones 12 Table 4.2: Adequacy of zone monitoring expressed as percentages 13 Table 4.3: Distribution zone monitoring expressed in terms of population 13 Table 4.4: Adequacy of distribution zone monitoring data by population band 15 Table 4.5: Summary of 2000 distribution zone monitoring compliance data 17 Table 4.6: Reasons for non-compliance in the distribution zone 22 Table 4.7: Compliance monitoring in the distribution zone by population band 22 Table 5.1: Water sources for different population bands 25 Table 5.2: Treatment plant compliance by population band 26 Table 5.3: Treatment plant compliance by health district 27 Table 5.4: Causes of faecal coliform non-compliance of treatment plants by population 27 Table 5.5: Causes of non-compliance at the treatment plant by health district 29 Table 5.6: Cryptosporidium compliance in treatment plant by population band 30 Table 5.7: Demonstration of the secure status of groundwater by health district 32 Table 7.1: Distribution zone surveillance in each health district 37 Table 7.2: Summary of distribution zone surveillance by population band 38 Table 7.3: Methods used for distribution zone surveillance 39 Table 7.4: Summary of treatment plant surveillance by population band 40 Table 7.5: Methods used for treatment plant surveillance 40 Table 8.1: Monitoring and surveillance in distribution zones of school supplies 42 Table 9.1: Compliance of private supplies 46 Table 9.2: Supplies to hospitals / health services 47 Table 10.1: Corrective action following distribution zone transgressions 49 Table 11.1: Disinfection status 52 Table 11.2: Compliance of treatment plants with disinfection 53 Table 11.3: Compliance of treatment plants without disinfection 54 Table 11.4: Disinfection methods used for different population bands 55 Table 11.5: Effectiveness of disinfection methods 56 Table 11.6: Disinfection methods by population band in complying treatment plants 57
viii Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Executive Summary
Background
The report covers the fourth year when microbiological quality was assessed using the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 1995 (DWSNZ:1995). The information on the microbiological quality of drinking-water was obtained through public health service providers (PHSPs) using questionnaires that sought data concerning surveillance and monitoring programmes carried out by PHSPs and water suppliers respectively. Water suppliers fall into two groups: local authorities, including commercial water supply companies contracted by local authorities, and private organisations or communities responsible for the operation of their own drinking-water supplies. The water suppliers are responsible for water quality monitoring, whereas the PHSP carries out surveillance of the management of drinking-water quality in the health district.
The survey sought information about both distribution zones and water treatment plants. In addition to microbiological quality information, the questionnaire sought information about the water treatment processes in use and the means used to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995.
Key findings
The 2000 Register of Community Drinking-water Supplies in New Zealand contained 1968 water treatment plants and 2054 distribution zones and covered an estimated 87% of the New Zealand population. The microbiological quality of drinking-water was assessed against DWSNZ:1995 using a survey of all treatment plants and distribution zones. The response rate of the survey was 98%. For the purposes of evaluating the public health significance of the water quality data contained in this report, the data need to be expressed in terms of the population affected rather than in relation to the numbers of water supplies involved.
The health risk is assessed using two main microbiological criteria: faecal coliforms and Cryptosporidium. During 2000, water supplies to 86% of the people served by community drinking-water supplies complied with the faecal coliform criterion of the DWSNZ:1995, an increase of 4% since 1999. Compliance with the Cryptosporidium criteria was demonstrated in treatment plants serving an estimated 79% of the population covered by the survey.
The general trend in microbiological compliance at the distribution zone is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The proportion of the surveyed population supplied by compliant zones has risen from about 70% in 1994 to 86% in 2000.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality ix of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
2500
2000
1500 Not c omply Comply 1000
500 Number of Zones
0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year
Figure 1: Trend in distribution zone compliance in terms of populations supplied
Source: Ministry of Health, Annual Reports on Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand.
There was a general trend for the percentage of zones complying within a population band to decrease as the population of the band decreased (ie, the smaller the community water supply, the less likely it is to comply with the standards).
4.5
4
3.5 New Zealand population 3 (census estimate) 2.5 Population in registered drinking-w ater supplies 2 Population w ith 1.5 complying supplies
Population (millions) 1
0.5
0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year
Figure 2: Trend in monitoring and compliance in the distribution zone
Source: Ministry of Health, Annual Reports on Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand.
Most large communities were served by water supplies with demonstrated microbiological compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 during 2000. However, many smaller communities were supplied with non-compliant drinking-water.
x Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Approximately 464,000 (14%) people covered by this survey were supplied with drinking- water that failed to comply with the faecal coliform criteria in the distribution zone.
• 141,000 (4%) were supplied with water containing unacceptable levels of faecal coliforms. • 43,000 (1%) were supplied with water where water suppliers failed to take appropriate corrective action once faecal coliforms had been found. • 78,000 (2%) were supplied with water where faecal coliform monitoring was either not carried out or data were not available. • 227,000 (7%) were supplied with water that did not comply because the number of samples taken during the year was insufficient to demonstrate compliance according to the DWSNZ:1995. • 79,000 (2%) were supplied with water that did not comply because the compliance testing was not analysed by an approved laboratory listed in the Ministry of Health Register of Water-testing Laboratories (Appendix 4).
Some people were supplied with water that failed to comply with the DWSNZ:1995 for more than one of the above categories.
Summary of data
To evaluate the public health significance of the water quality data contained in this report, summary statistics are expressed in terms of the population affected. Since expression of the zone numbers may be of more value for regulation and water supply management, data are summarised in both ways.
Information was received for 2031 of the 2054 distribution zones, and 1945 of the 1968 water treatment plants listed in the Register as at December 2000 covering approximately 3,331,000 people. This represents an increase of almost 85,000 people from the 1947 zones surveyed in 1999 and was due to newly registered supplies and amendments to some zone populations in 2000. Communities with unregistered water supplies were not covered by this survey. In this report, the percentage of the population refers to the percentage of the population that live in registered distribution zones; it does not refer to the percentage of the total population of New Zealand.
Distribution zone monitoring
During 2000, 86% of the population lived in distribution zones supplied with drinking- water that complied with the distribution zone faecal coliform criterion 3.3.2.2 in the DWSNZ:1995, an increase of 4% since 1999.
Water supplied to over 176,000 people in 74 zones listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grading failed to comply with the microbiological criteria of the DWSNZ:1995, yet these appear as complying zones according to their grading as listed in the Register.
During 2000, 25% of zones complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995. This was an improvement from 19% in 1999. The main reason for non-compliance was a lack of
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality xi of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 monitoring. Although 75% of distribution zones did not comply microbiologically in 2000, this represents only 14% of the population.
Water supplied to 91% of the population, or 34% of zones, was adequately monitored as per the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. This represents an increase of ca. 3%, in terms of the number of adequately monitored zones and the population they served, since 1999.
During 2000, 98% of the population served by registered supplies lived in zones for which some monitoring was conducted. This represents an increase of 2% since 1999.
Monitoring received less attention in smaller supplies than larger supplies, both in terms of the percentage of zones monitored and the percentage adequately monitored.
Treatment plant monitoring For the purposes of assessing the microbiological quality of drinking-water, a treatment plant is the point at which water enters the distribution system, irrespective of whether the water is treated or not. For the treatment plant to comply microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995, water leaving the treatment plant must comply with Cryptosporidium and faecal coliform criteria.
An estimated 78% of the population, supplied by 7% of plants, were supplied with drinking-water that fully complied with all criteria. This represents an increase of 3% in terms of population since 1999.
Faecal coliform compliance was demonstrated in 11% of plants supplying 88% of the population. Cryptosporidium compliance was demonstrated in 18% of plants supplying 79% of the population. This represents a 3% improvement since 1999.
The secure status of ‘secure groundwater’ has been verified in only 14% of groundwater supplies that were considered as such by the water supplier. This represents a decrease of 4% since 1999.
Monitoring received less attention in smaller supplies than larger supplies, both in terms of the percentage of treatment plants monitored and the percentage adequately monitored. Similarly, the smaller the community supplied by the treatment plant, the less the likelihood of compliance with the DWSNZ:1995.
Validity of compliance monitoring A large amount of compliance samples was still being analysed by laboratories not listed on the Ministry of Health Register of Approved Water Testing Laboratories. However, there has been a considerable improvement in this respect during the past year, with only three Local Authorities (LAs) using non-registered laboratories in 2000 compared to 13 in 1999. Samples tested in laboratories not listed in this register are ineligible to be used to demonstrate compliance. The LAs still using non-registered laboratories are listed in Appendix 5. Laboratories seeking to be included on this register should apply to: International Accreditation New Zealand 626 Great South Road, Greenlane, Auckland (09) 525 6655
xii Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 PHSP surveillance
Surveillance of water supplier monitoring is carried out either by surveillance testing or from an audit of water supplier monitoring.
PHSPs in all health districts except South Canterbury carried out some surveillance during 2000.
PHSP surveillance was conducted for 57% of distribution zones and 21% of treatment plants during 2000. This aspect did not greatly change since 1999.
Fifteen zones were reported as compliant by the water supplier but were found to contain faecal coliforms during PHSP surveillance. Details of these supplies are given in Appendix 8.
School drinking-water supplies
School supplies comprised approximately one-third of all registered drinking-water supplies in 2000. Both monitoring and compliance of these supplies increased markedly since 1999. During 2000, 301 (48%) of the schools with their own water supplies conducted bacteriological monitoring, which represents almost a four-fold increase during the past year. The improvement in compliance was even more marked, with 83 complying schools compared with only eight during 1999. However, while there were large improvements during 2000, there remains much room for further improvement; 87% of schools with their own water supplies did not comply with the DWSNZ:1995.
Private and hospital drinking-water supplies
There were 704 distribution zones designated as private supplies during 2000 of which only 10% complied with the DWSNZ:1995. Only 7% of the private supplies serving commercial premises complied. This represents an increased risk to customers and tourists at these premises compared with those served by municipal supplies.
During 2000, thirteen hospitals and health services were not connected to municipal drinking-water supplies although two of them closed during 2000 (Table 9.2). Only seven of these hospitals complied with the DWSNZ:1995. Of the four existing non-complying supplies, one failed as a result of faecal coliform contamination. The remainder were either inadequately monitored or not monitored at all.
Corrective actions
The DWSNZ:1995 prescribes that any transgression is immediately followed by a corrective action and is documented.
Of the 327 zones in which transgressions were reported in 2000, 46% of the corrective actions taken in response to transgressions were reported to have resolved the cause of the transgression.
Corrective actions following transgressions in 87 zones were inadequate and/or tardy and were probably not carried out in a further 53 zones. This aspect has worsened since 1999.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality xiii of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
Disinfection
Several methods of drinking-water disinfection have been reported in New Zealand, comprising chlorination, ozonation, chlorine dioxide and ultra-violet irradiation. Chlorination remains the most popular means of drinking-water disinfection and served almost 72% of people connected to registered drinking-water supplies or 26% of the treatment plants. Most treatment plants that used other disinfection systems were used to treat zones with populations of less than 500.
The degree of microbiological compliance was higher in treatment plants that utilised chlorine or water that was extracted from a secure groundwater source than other forms of treatment. Ultraviolet-treated supplies generally did not comply.
Microbiological compliance was demonstrated in supplies to 91% of the population on chlorinated supplies or 33% of treatment plants using chlorination. This represents an improvement since 1999. Most non-compliances in chlorinated supplies were caused by lack of monitoring.
As in 1999, there was a large increase in the number of ultraviolet-treated supplies in 2000. Ultraviolet treatment devices were reported in 352 (18%) of treatment plants, most of which serviced populations of less than 500. Microbiological compliance was demonstrated in only three (0.9%) of these. Most failed to comply due to lack of monitoring.
Ozone was used at 14 plants, of which only two complied. Most non-compliances in ozonated supplies were caused by lack of monitoring.
Recommendations
A number of recommendations are made in this review. The key recommendations listed below address the most important issues raised. Other recommendations are listed at the end of each section and cover issues that are discussed in more detail in that section of the review.
Key recommendations
• Zones listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grading (see Appendix 7) that failed to comply with the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:1995 should be regraded to inform the public of the current compliance status of the water supply. • Water suppliers, particularly those administered by local authorities, must ensure that microbiological compliance testing is conducted only by laboratories listed in the Ministry of Health Register. • Zones that were reported as compliant by the water supplier but non-compliant by the PHSP should be thoroughly investigated and the cause of the discrepancy determined.
xiv Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • All schools should be audited to determine the source of their drinking-water; those not on community supply should be registered by the PHSP and a monitoring programme developed. • Hospitals and health services with water supplies that do not presently comply with the DWSNZ:1995 should immediately implement appropriate water treatment and/or monitoring to ensure future compliance.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality xv of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Consumer Feedback
The following points are intended for people who wish to comment on this review.
The circumstances listed below indicate some doubt about the safety of drinking-water: • a drinking-water supply that is not listed in the Register. This can occur for two reasons: − a community supply serving 25 or more people for 60 or more days per year should be registered − a supply failing to reach the above population criteria does not need to be registered. • a drinking-water supply that does not comply with the DWSNZ:1995 because of: − poor microbiological water quality − unknown water quality (ie, not monitored) − inaccurate data (incorrect population figures or microbiological results).
The following steps can be taken to redress this situation. 1. Check that the water supply is listed in the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand. This should be in the local library; if not, the details can be obtained from the PHSP Health Protection Officer (HPO). If the drinking-water supply is not listed, the HPO will register it. Water supplies that are listed in the Register but which are not in this review either were not surveyed or were registered after December 2000. 2. Poor microbiological water quality generally results from poor raw water quality and inadequate water treatment. These aspects should be addressed by the water supplier. 3. Unknown water quality is a result of inadequate sampling. It is the responsibility of the water supplier to ensure that microbiological sampling is sufficient to meet the requirements of the current standards (DWSNZ:1995). 4. Microbiological results may be inaccurate due to misreporting between those undertaking the monitoring (water supplier) and those collecting the data (PHSP). This will be minimised if the water supplier use the Water Information New Zealand (WINZ) database, developed by ESR for the Ministry of Health, which allows monitoring results to be entered by the water provider and collated centrally. Laboratory errors are another source of microbiological error; these can be minimised if the laboratory quality assurance system is effective. 5. A few of the population figures are missing. It would help if these could be reported, if known.
Ask your local council to find out who is responsible for the provision of drinking-water to your area. Information about points 2–4 listed above should be sought from the water supplier. Please report any inaccuracies to the local Public Health Service Provider (listed in Appendix 12).
xvi Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 1 Introduction
1.1 Project specification
This project was conducted by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR) for the Ministry of Health.
Project description To assess national compliance of community drinking-water supplies with bacteriological criteria of the drinking-water standards.
Project objectives • Collate data from public health service providers’ (PHSPs) surveillance of the effectiveness of water supply authority monitoring of the bacteriological quality of all community drinking-water supplies listed in the Register of Community Drinking- Water Supplies in New Zealand, together with the data collected in the Drinking- Water Analysis and Advice Project (E13). • Critically assess data on compliance monitoring of community drinking-water supplies by local authorities (LAs). • Identification of public water supplies where monitoring is inadequate. • Summarise compliance information to produce an annual register of non-compliance of community water supplies with microbiological standards, and the action taken in the event of non-compliance.
1.2 Previous surveys
Annual reports on the microbiological quality of New Zealand drinking-water supplies have been published since 1991. The annual report for the 1991 calendar year was prepared by ESR in 1993. The report provided a list of supplies for each Area Health Board or Crown Health Enterprise (CHE) for which microbiological data were available, indicated the source type for each supply, the sampling frequency and the percentage of samples that failed for each supply. The subsequent survey covered the drinking-water quality between January 1992 and December 1993 and was published by ESR in 1994. The 1992/93 survey sought information about monitoring, surveillance, corrective actions and the methods of analysis used by testing laboratories. The 1994 survey was reported by ESR in 1995 and included additional information about chlorination and chlorine control, but laboratory test methods were omitted. The 1995 survey was reported by ESR in 1996 and included additional information about the intent of the water suppliers in upgrading their monitoring to comply with the revised drinking-water standards.
Before 1996, the microbiological quality of water in the distribution zone was assessed according to the 1984 New Zealand Drinking-Water Standards (NZDWS:1984). However, since the adoption in 1996 of the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand:1995 (referred to in this report as DWSNZ:1995) the survey reported on microbiological quality
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 1 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 of water in both the distribution zone and at the treatment plant. Water-quality data for the 1997 to 1999 calendar years were gathered about monitoring, surveillance and corrective actions.
Since 1999 the surveys have been conducted electronically using the Microsurvey module of the Water Information New Zealand (WINZ) database instead of using paper questionnaires as previously. Electronic collection has resulted in several benefits: improved response time, fewer transcription errors, and a simpler means of traceability. The population data in this report were taken from the 2000 Register of Community Drinking-water Supplies in New Zealand unless a change was noted on the distribution zone questionnaire.
The questionnaires are reproduced in Appendix 1; Appendix 2 provides notes on the 2000 annual survey.
1.3 Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 1995
The following definitions are used in the DWSNZ:1995.
A community drinking-water supply is a publicly or privately owned drinking-water supply serving 25 or more people for at least 60 days per year.
A water treatment plant is the point where the drinking-water supply enters the distribution system, regardless of the treatment process. For example, for a supply that is pumped directly into the distribution system without disinfection, the pump is regarded as the treatment plant.
A distribution zone is ‘that part of the drinking-water supply network within which all consumers receive drinking-water of identical quality, from the same or similar sources and with the same treatment.’
Monitoring is ‘the sampling and analysis of a drinking-water supply to test for compliance with the standards (DWSNZ:1995) or for process control, by detecting changes in the concentrations of its constituent determinands or deviations of these from target values.’
Surveillance is ‘the process of checking that the monitoring of drinking-water supplies conforms to the specifications set in the standards’ (DWSNZ:1995). Note that surveillance may be conducted either by analysis of water samples collected by the PHSP, or by audit of drinking-water supplies and water supplier records by the PHSP. The decision to undertake surveillance using one or both of these methods is made by the PHSP.
A drinking-water supply is said to be ‘in compliance with the standards’ when the results of monitoring show that the water supply satisfies the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. For the purpose of this report, compliance refers to the microbiological components of the DWSNZ:1995. The microbiological compliance criteria and monitoring frequencies are outlined in Appendix 3.
A transgression of the standards occurs when a determinand which is present in the sample exceeds the maximum acceptable value (MAV).
A water supplier is the organisation responsible for some part or all of a community drinking-water supply.
2 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
The term local authority is defined in the Local Government Act 1994 and not in the DWSNZ:1995. Local authorities (LAs) supply drinking-water to the great majority of the population. However, there are many instances in which other organisations are responsible for the provision of water to a community. For this reason, the discussion of this report uses the more general term ‘water supplier’, in most instances.
The Drinking-Water Standards were revised in 2000 and replaced the DWSNZ:1995 on 1 January 2001. This is expected to be the last report in which compliance is measured using the DWSNZ:1995. Compliance with the requirements of the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 (DWSNZ:2000) will be determined in future reports.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 3 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 2 Methodology
2.1 The questionnaires
The 2000 survey had two parts, the Water Treatment Plants and the Distribution Zones (see Appendix 1). The questionnaires were designed in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and were reviewed and/or trialled by several Health Protection Officers (HPOs). With the exception of a few minor details they were similar to the 1999 questionnaires. Once again, much of the 2000 survey was collected electronically using the revised Microsurvey module of WINZ and the data exported to ESR via e-mail. This improved the speed of collection, accuracy and traceability of the data.
Each questionnaire was divided into three sections. The introductory section sought to verify that information in the current Register was accurate. Sections A and C of the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires respectively dealt with monitoring by the water supplier. Sections B and D of the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires respectively dealt with surveillance by the PHSPs.
2.1.1 Water supplier monitoring–treatment plant and source water
The aim of this section was to determine compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 with respect to faecal coliforms (monitoring and presence) and Giardia and Cryptosporidium (treatment and monitoring). The section concluded with a question to determine compliance or non- compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 (question C12).
Compliance with the faecal coliform requirement was determined by questions C1–C6. Compliance with the Giardia and Cryptosporidium requirement was determined by questions C7–C11.
2.1.2 PHSP surveillance of water treatment plant
This section (questions D1–D4) was to determine if the PHSP had conducted surveillance on the treatment plant and, if so, whether surveillance of free available chlorine (FAC), faecal coliform and turbidity was conducted by analysis or auditing.
2.1.3 Water supplier monitoring–distribution zone
The aim of this section was to determine compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 with respect to monitoring and presence of faecal coliforms. The section concluded with a question to determine compliance or non-compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 (question A12).
A question about the seasonal variation in the population of the community supply (A1) was included.
Compliance with the faecal coliform requirement was determined by questions A2–A8. Questions A9–A11 sought information on the nature of transgressions that were detected during the year, the success of remedial corrective action, and whether any “Boil Water” notices were issued.
4 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
2.1.4 PHSP surveillance of the distribution zone
This section (questions B1–B3) was included to determine if the PHSP had conducted surveillance in the distribution zone and, if so, how the surveillance of FAC and faecal coliforms was conducted.
2.1.5 Population information
The population of the distribution zone, as given in the Register, was printed on the questionnaire. At the time of preparing the questionnaire, no population data were available for some distribution zones. In such cases the population figure pre-printed on the questionnaire was ‘0’. Health Protection Officers were asked to update the population figure if it was ‘0’ on the questionnaire. There are now only a few instances where HPOs were unable to provide information. Most of these zones were expected to serve small populations and were assigned a nominal population of fewer than 500 for inclusion in tables in which data were distributed according to population band. The normal and seasonal populations were also sought for supplies that displayed significant seasonal variation in population.
The total population as derived from the survey was 3,331,156. This is less than the December 2000 Census estimate of 3,842,800. This represents 87% of the New Zealand population. The difference is mostly due to supplies that are not registered but should be and individual dwellings and small communities of less than 25 persons that are not required to be registered. Failure to update the population of communities with registered drinking-water supplies could also contribute to this difference.
There has been some double counting in this survey, mainly in zones that have transient populations. For example, children who attend a school that has a separate water supply to the town in which they live will be counted in both distribution zones. It is necessary to include these people in both supplies as they may have consumed drinking-water from both sources during the course of the year. However, it is likely that this did not cause a significant error as it is thought that only a small proportion of the population were affected in this manner. For example, the number of people reported to attend schools with their own drinking-water supplies was approximately 56,500 or 1.7% of the total population.
2.2 Questionnaire distribution
A copy of the WINZ database was taken on 1 February 2001. As no substantive changes had been made to national WINZ during January 2001, this contained only those zones that were active at the end of 2000. This dataset was used as the basis for the 2000 survey. At that time, WINZ contained 1968 active treatment plants and 2054 distribution zones.
As in other years, HPOs were responsible for gathering the monitoring data from the water suppliers in their district. This could be carried out electronically where water suppliers were using WINZ. Alternatively, monitoring data could be obtained by HPOs using the paper questionnaires or via the telephone and entered manually into WINZ. Sections B and D were completed only by HPOs. The upgraded WINZ programme that contained the Microsurvey module was distributed to PHSPs and local authorities in February 2001.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 5 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Completed questionnaires were e-mailed to ESR and incorporated into national WINZ. The completion date for the survey was set at 31 March 2001.
2.3 Coverage of the survey
By 30 March 2001, less than two thirds of the questionnaires had been returned in complete form. The deadline was extended to 9 April and all PHSPs were telephoned to remind them of the new deadline. By 9 April, 6% of the data were still outstanding. In some cases, the delay was a consequence of local authorities and water suppliers being slow in providing the information necessary for completion: in particular, Central Otago District Council and Queenstown Lakes District Council. The survey was closed off on 12 April and no further questionnaires were accepted after this date. At that time, questionnaires had been received for 2031 distribution zones and 1948 treatment plants, a return rate of 98%.
2.4 Quality control
Two tools developed to improve the consistency of the answers and the quality of the data obtained from the questionnaire were used for this survey. The first was a detailed explanation of the survey questions that detailed the required responses to each question and was designed to promote consistency among water suppliers and HPOs. The second was a training session covering the questionnaire and the new Microsurvey module of WINZ. The training session was conducted during December of 2000 and was attended by at least one HPO from each PHSP. Attendees were provided with a booklet containing a copy of the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires, notes to the survey, and instructions on how to use the Microsurvey module of WINZ.
The data for all zones and plants were checked visually during the data importation process at ESR before being verified by the project leader. Most of the inconsistencies were identified at this point. Once the inconsistencies were identified, the submitting HPO was contacted and the issues discussed. In most cases, discrepancies arose from misinterpretation of the DWSNZ:1995, misunderstanding of the questionnaire by water suppliers or transcription errors by HPOs. Each plant and zone that contained erroneous data was discussed with and corrected by the appropriate HPO and then re-exported to ESR. (The exception to this process was five zones and five plants that were exported from South Canterbury and Whakatane, the data for which were not received until after the 12 April deadline; these data were added manually and corrections made by the project leader in consultation with the supervising HPO.)
After the survey was closed off, the data were checked using algorithms within a spreadsheet to facilitate the process. The following comparisons were made to identify possible errors in the responses to various questions:
Treatment plants
• If WINZ showed disinfection as ‘?’ and the means of disinfection was not specified in the survey. • Discrepancies between the method used to demonstrate compliance in C1 and the monitoring data in C2–C6.
6 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • Discrepancies between secure groundwater as shown in C10 but not verified as being secure in C8. • Discrepancies between compliance using continuous FAC monitoring as shown in C3 and bacteriological compliance in C12. • Discrepancies between bacteriological monitoring frequency as stated in C5 and the bacteriological monitoring undertaken in C4. • Discrepancies between bacteriological compliance as stated in C12 and the bacteriological transgressions in C6. • Discrepancies between secure groundwater as shown in C10 but less than 6 bacteriological samples (the minimum required to demonstrate groundwater security) collected during the year. • Conflicts between options in Giardia and Cryptosporidium compliance in C12 against the treatment used in C10. • The status of all laboratories identified in C3 was checked against the Ministry of Health Register of Laboratories Approved for Drinking-water Compliance Testing. • The laboratory was listed as approved but was not listed in WINZ as being registered for bacteriological compliance testing using an approved method. • The water source was marked as entirely groundwater in C7 but WINZ indicated roof or surface water sources.
Distribution zones
• Discrepancies between overall faecal coliform compliance in A12 and FAC compliance in A2–A4 and/or faecal coliform monitoring frequency and results in A5–A8. • Conflict between inadequate corrective action in A9 and compliance in A12. • The status of all laboratories identified in A5 were checked against the Ministry of Health Register of Laboratories Approved for Drinking-water Compliance Testing.
Approximately 170 (mostly minor) errors that had been missed during the initial checking were detected by this process. These data were corrected by the ESR project leader in consultation with the HPO and amendments made directly into the national WINZ dataset. The exported files from each PHSP and the final dataset were archived. This process enabled an audit trail of all data to be kept.
2.5 Analysis Electronic processing of the questionnaire data was completed using a module of WINZ. This module gave access to tables containing information such as population within the Register’s database.
Data summaries and searches for data correlation were carried out in Microsoft Access, then downloaded into Microsoft Excel for manipulation or incorporation into documents.
2.6 Shortcomings of the questionnaire The use of a questionnaire to obtain data has a number of shortcomings: • delays in completing the survey because of difficulties in HPOs obtaining the requisite information from water suppliers
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 7 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • variability in interpretation of questions and data because of the number of HPO and LA staff involved. However, this aspect was reduced by the HPO training session • transcription errors. However, the electronic format reduced transcription errors in the small number of LAs that entered the survey data directly onto WINZ • poor understanding of non-LA staff to whom the questionnaires were sent (especially small private water suppliers), many of whom have apparently still not heard of the drinking-water standards • great variability in the ease of access to water quality and treatment information that should have been formally recorded (this is perhaps related to the previous point) • variability in the stringency that different HPOs apply the DWSNZ. For example, when a water supplier took one too few monitoring samples during the year, some HPOs allowed the supply to comply whereas other HPOs registered the supply as not complying.
Some of these points emphasise the importance of PHSPs and LAs maintaining their own WINZ databases to streamline data collection and to allow more accurate and consistent information to be readily obtained.
Cross-checking carried out during compilation of the survey data revealed a number of obvious errors that were made during the completion of about 25% of the survey forms. This error rate was higher than previously, and was possibly impacted by poor information transfer between HPOs attending the training session and other HPOs taking part in the survey. This problem was probably exacerbated by the late distribution of the WINZ update, which contained the electronic form of the questionnaire.
Recommendations That HPO training be continued for future surveys to further improve the consistency of responses and the reliability of the data collected
That water suppliers continue to be encouraged to enter water quality data on to WINZ regularly.
That water suppliers/HPOs update the community populations in WINZ regularly.
That HPOs take steps to ensure that the smaller drinking-water suppliers are aware of the DWSNZ:2000.
That training be conducted at various public health units throughout the country to give all HPOs the opportunity to receive training in the MicroSurvey module of WINZ.
8 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 3 Overview of Drinking-water Supplies
All registered water treatment plants and distribution zones in the country have been covered by this survey. As noted in Section 2.2, the results of the survey relate to those that had been defined on 1 February 2001. This is summarised in terms of the size of the population band in Table 3.1 and in terms of individual health districts in Table 3.2.
Table 3.1: Numbers and populations of distribution zones and treatment plants
Distribution Zones Treatment Plants
Population Band Zones Zone Population TPs Population
No. % Zones Pop. % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop.
<500 1669 81% 177,513 5% 1597 81% 3% 500–999 115 6% 74,357 2% 96 5% 1% 1000–4999 156 8% 350,099 11% 154 8% 6% 5000–19,999 74 4% 668,937 20% 67 3% 9% 20,000–49,999 31 2% 998,450 30% 29 1% 16% 50,000–99,999 4 0.2% 275,300 8% 15 0.8% 16% 100,000+ 5 0.2% 786,500 24% 10 0.5% 50% Total 2054 3,331,156 1968
Table 3.2: Number of distribution zones and populations supplied in the health districts
Number of Distribution Zones and Percentage Population in Different Population Bands
Health District <500 500–999 1000–4999 5000–19,999 20,000–49,999 50,000–99,999 100,000+
Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop.
Northland 207 17% 10 5% 10 19% 3 16% 1 43% 0 0% 0 0% Auckland 174 2% 12 0.7% 13 3% 8 8% 9 31% 1 8% 3 47% Waikato 145 7% 10 2% 21 20% 9 27% 0 0% 0 0% 1 44% Tauranga 44 3% 1 0.5% 6 12% 2 10% 2 74% 0 0% 0 0% Rotorua 73 9% 11 7% 6 14% 4 27% 1 43% 0 0% 0 0% Whakatane 29 9% 3 5% 6 28% 3 58% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Gisborne 59 12% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 88% 0 0% 0 0% Taranaki 73 6% 5 4% 9 23% 3 26% 1 41% 0 0% 0 0% Hawkes Bay 91 5% 8 4% 5 7% 3 21% 3 63% 0 0% 0 0% Wanganui 43 8% 1 1% 5 15% 1 8% 1 68% 0 0% 0 0% Manawatu 69 5% 3 1% 10 16% 3 21% 1 13% 1 44% 0 0% Wairarapa 23 8% 1 2% 4 32% 1 59% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Hutt Valley 23 0.6% 2 0.5% 5 4% 18 58% 3 21% 1 15% 0 0% Nelson 58 11% 2 2% 4 10% 1 16% 2 62% 0 0% 0 0% Marlborough 88 20% 3 4% 3 19% 0 0% 1 56% 0 0% 0 0% West Coast 53 24% 0 0% 4 32% 2 44% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Canterbury 192 7% 20 3% 17 8% 5 12% 1 8% 1 18% 1 44% S. Canterbury 41 11% 4 6% 7 32% 0 0% 1 51% 0 0% 0 0% Otago 121 10% 14 6% 12 20% 6 27% 2 37% 0 0% 0 0% Southland 63 8% 5 4% 9 21% 2 15% 1 52% 0 0% 0 0%
Total 1669 5% 115 2% 156 11% 74 20% 31 30% 4 8% 5 24%
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 9 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 As the sizes of the populations served by treatment plants are not recorded in the Register, it was necessary to estimate the treatment plant populations for several aspects of water treatment plants to be examined. As in the previous two reports, the population served by each treatment plant was estimated by addition of the populations of all distribution zones supplied by the treatment plant. This overestimates the population where one zone is supplied by more than one treatment plant. Consequently, actual populations served by treatment plants are not used in this report; where cited, the percentage of the population served by treatment plants is referred to as an estimate.
This survey comprised data from 2054 distribution zones and 1968 treatment plants and covered an approximate population of 3,331,000 people, as listed in WINZ. Table 3.1 classes the zones according to their population. As in previous reports, the population bands used in the tables are based upon those used in the DWSNZ:1995 which defines minimum sampling frequencies, with the lower band more finely divided, and an additional band of zones greater than 100,000 people being added.
It is clear from the tables that the relative importance of a population band in the survey depends on whether the analysis is based on treatment plant, distribution zone or population. Distribution zones with populations less than 500 are the most numerous, constituting 81% of the zones surveyed, but they contain only 5% of the surveyed population. In contrast, the nine zones that serve 50,000 or more people, on the other hand, constitute almost one third of the population. The same trend is true for treatment plants. The number of registered zones increased progressively from 502 to 983 to 1180 to 1340 to 1512 to 1865 and to 2054 in the successive years from 1994 to 2000. This is indicative of the ongoing success of the programme of registering new and existing drinking-water supplies, mostly serving small communities.
For the purposes of evaluating the public health significance of the water quality data contained in this report, the data need to be analysed in terms of the population affected. Expression of the results in terms of zone numbers may be of more value for purposes of regulation and water supply management. Data are therefore summarised in both ways.
Distribution zones and treatment plants are considered separately, as the compliance of zones and plants are affected by different factors.
10 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 4 Drinking-water Monitoring in the Distribution Zone
4.1 Adequacy of monitoring
There are two aspects of the distribution zone monitoring regime that must be examined when assessing the adequacy of monitoring for microbiological compliance: whether a sufficient number of faecal coliform samples were taken for the population supplied in the zone, and whether free available chlorine (FAC) monitoring was used as a partial replacement for faecal coliform testing and, if so, whether the frequency and results of FAC monitoring satisfied the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995 with respect to FAC concentration, pH and turbidity.
The criteria for these assessments are set out in the table contained in Section 3.4.2 of DWSNZ:1995 and summarised in Appendix 3.
The minimum sampling frequency for faecal coliforms in distribution zones is specified in Table 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995. This can be reduced if the water is effectively treated with chlorine and adequate FAC monitoring occurs. However, FAC monitoring was attempted in only five zones (0.2%), of which only three demonstrated compliance with the FAC requirement. Consequently, assessment of the adequacy of monitoring of all but a very few zones was made using the faecal coliform sampling frequency criterion.
The supplies for which questionnaires were not returned were scored as not monitored unless otherwise indicated.
4.1.1 Classification by health district
Table 4.1 summarises information about the number of zones being monitored and the adequacy of their monitoring; Table 4.2 gives the same information as percentages of the total number of zones contained in the survey.
The number of zones in a particular health district ranged from 29 in the case of Wairarapa to 237 in Canterbury. Significant changes in the number of registered zones were observed in three health districts. Waikato, Auckland and Gisborne registered 52, 17 and 13 mainly small supplies respectively in 2000. Waikato was particularly active in registering school supplies during 2000 and by doing so increased the number of registered zones by 39%.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 11 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 4.1: Summary of the adequacy of monitoring in distribution zones
Total No. Zones Monitored Adequately Not Monitored Monitoring Neither in Survey Monitored Status Monitored nor Health District Unknown Surveyed
2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999
Northland 231 223 85 63 38 22 146 160 2 0 103 87 Auckland 220 203 100 97 70 78 120 106 1 0 84 105 Waikato 186 134 149 79 99 66 37 55 0 0 36 50 Tauranga 55 56 19 14 10 5 36 42 0 0 20 23 Rotorua 95 97 58 43 44 37 37 54 0 0 14 16 Whakatane 41 38 24 18 13 15 17 20 2 0 2 1 Gisborne 60 47 12 7 9 1 48 40 0 0 4 8 Taranaki 91 92 55 39 24 32 36 53 0 0 25 35 Hawkes Bay 110 110 49 32 20 25 61 78 0 0 46 20 Wanganui 51 50 29 17 10 14 22 33 0 0 9 18 Manawatu 87 86 49 30 33 24 38 56 0 0 6 3 Wairarapa 29 29 21 19 15 11 8 10 0 0 7 7 Hutt Valley 52 51 39 42 36 37 13 9 0 0 4 9 Nelson 67 65 51 38 29 23 16 27 0 0 3 0 Marlborough 95 90 18 12 8 10 77 78 1 0 6 7 West Coast 59 60 28 21 20 20 31 39 0 0 30 15 Canterbury 237 230 174 141 89 77 63 89 0 0 44 71 S. Canterbury 53 55 32 33 24 23 21 22 17 0 21 22 Otago 155 152 114 108 73 72 41 44 0 0 10 4 Southland 80 79 59 30 44 16 21 49 0 0 2 7 Total 2054 1947 1165 883 708 608 889 1064 23 0 476 508
Note: ‘Neither Monitored nor Surveyed’ means those zones that were not included in a monitoring programme or in a PHSP surveillance programme.
There was a large increase in the percentage of zones that were monitored during 2000 compared with the previous year (Table 4.2). This was largely due to a great improvement in monitoring of school supplies.
The trend by water suppliers to adopt the DWSNZ:1995 in place of the previous 1984 drinking-water guidelines continued in 2000 with a further 100 water supplies being adequately monitored. By the end of 2000 a total of 708 (34%) distribution zones were adequately monitored to the DWSNZ:1995.
Significant increases in the proportion of monitored zones were observed in the Southland, Wanganui, Waikato, Manawatu, Taranaki, Nelson, Rotorua and Hawkes Bay health districts.
12 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 4.2: Adequacy of zone monitoring expressed as percentages
Total No. Zones Monitored Adequately Not Monitored Monitoring Neither in Survey Monitored Status Monitored nor Health District Unknown Surveyed
2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999
Northland 231 223 37% 28% 16% 10% 63% 72% 1% 0% 45% 39% Auckland 220 203 45% 48% 32% 38% 55% 52% 0% 0% 38% 52% Waikato 186 134 80% 59% 53% 49% 20% 41% 0% 0% 19% 37% Tauranga 55 56 35% 25% 18% 9% 65% 75% 0% 0% 36% 41% Rotorua 95 97 61% 44% 46% 38% 39% 56% 0% 0% 15% 16% Whakatane 41 38 59% 47% 32% 39% 41% 53% 5% 0% 5% 3% Gisborne 60 47 20% 15% 15% 2% 80% 85% 0% 0% 7% 17% Taranaki 91 92 60% 42% 26% 35% 40% 58% 0% 0% 27% 38% Hawkes Bay 110 110 45% 29% 18% 23% 55% 71% 0% 0% 42% 18% Wanganui 51 50 57% 34% 20% 28% 43% 66% 0% 0% 18% 36% Manawatu 87 86 56% 35% 38% 28% 44% 65% 0% 0% 7% 3% Wairarapa 29 29 72% 66% 52% 38% 28% 34% 0% 0% 24% 24% Hutt Valley 52 51 75% 82% 69% 73% 25% 18% 0% 0% 8% 18% Nelson 67 65 76% 58% 43% 35% 24% 42% 0% 0% 4% 0% Marlborough 95 90 19% 13% 8% 11% 81% 87% 1% 0% 6% 8% West Coast 59 60 47% 35% 34% 33% 53% 65% 0% 0% 51% 25% Canterbury 237 230 73% 61% 38% 33% 27% 39% 0% 0% 19% 31% S. Canterbury 53 55 60% 60% 45% 42% 40% 40% 32% 0% 40% 40% Otago 155 152 74% 71% 47% 47% 26% 29% 0% 0% 6% 2.6% Southland 80 79 74% 38% 55% 20% 26% 62% 0% 0% 3% 9% Total 2054 1947 57% 45% 34% 31% 43% 55% 1% 0% 23% 26%
Table 4.3: Distribution zone monitoring expressed in terms of population
Total Population Supplied By: Population Health District Monitored Zones Complying Zones Zones Adequately Zones Not Zones Neither Covered by Monitored Monitored or of Monitored nor the Survey Unknown Status Surveyed
Northland 112,018 97,813 87% 71,972 64% 92,972 83% 14,205 13% 10,445 9% Auckland 1,041,345 1,030,147 99% 1,003,371 96% 1,023,761 98% 11,198 1% 6,335 1% Waikato 264,908 259,868 98% 215,262 81% 222,552 84% 5,040 2% 4,790 2% Tauranga 121,787 118,876 98% 105,246 86% 105,646 87% 2,911 2% 1776 1% Rotorua 99,945 96,187 96% 75,374 75% 88,764 89% 3,758 4% 1145 1% Whakatane 37,970 35,410 96% 22,920 60% 24,280 64% 1,560 4% 100 0.3% Gisborne 34,099 31,703 93% 30,427 89% 31,563 93% 2,396 7% 147 0% Taranaki 86,571 85,137 98% 72,057 83% 74,277 86% 1,434 2% 936 1% Hawkes Bay 120,333 116,788 97% 104,557 87% 104,557 87% 3,545 3% 2420 2% Wanganui 60,422 59,253 98% 42,908 71% 43,578 72% 1,169 2% 536 1% Manawatu 148,297 145,968 98% 137,000 92% 138,271 93% 2,329 2% 369 0.2% Wairarapa 32,405 31,839 98% 25,990 80% 26,734 82% 566 2% 541 2% Hutt Valley 356,155 355,355 99.8% 350,025 98.3% 355,225 99.7% 800 0.2% 170 0.0% Nelson 65,024 64,209 99% 59,022 91% 61,212 94% 815 1% 65 0% Marlborough 36,347 29,689 82% 28,081 77% 28,241 78% 6,658 18% 239 1% West Coast 24,429 22,129 91% 14,888 61% 16,287 67% 2,300 9% 2100 9% Canterbury 394,590 384,288 97% 291,385 74% 339,448 86% 10,302 3% 4,885 1% S. Canterbury 52,153 50,688 97% 45,022 86% 49,772 95% 1,465 3% 1465 3% Otago 150,175 148,796 99% 115,129 77% 118,647 79% 1,379 1% 258 0% Southland 92,183 89,796 97% 56,570 61% 56,931 62% 2,387 3% 159 0.2% Total 3,331,156 3,254,939 98% 2,867,206 86% 3,027,797 91% 76,217 2% 38,881 1%
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 13 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 4.3 summarises the monitoring data on a health district basis and approximate figures for the populations affected. Although only 57% of the zones in the survey were monitored, this represented the water supplied to approximately 98% of the population served by registered supplies. There were two health districts with less than 90% of the population living in registered zones that were monitored during 2000. Northland (increased by 8% to 87%) and Marlborough (increased by 2% to 82%) between 1999 and 2000. The comparatively poor reported monitoring in the Marlborough and Northland health districts was mainly due to the relatively high proportion of water supplies serving fewer than 500 people (90% compared with 80% for all of New Zealand) and that were not monitored.
Over the previous year, the proportion of the population supplied with drinking-water that is monitored rose from 96% to 98%. In addition, the proportion of consumers on adequately monitored drinking-water supplies increased by 1% to 90% during 2000.
The number of zones in which there was no recorded microbiological monitoring dropped from 1064 during 1999 to 889 in 2000 (see Table 4.1), which represented 2% of the total population (see Table 4.3). Most of these zones supplied small populations.
Approximately 1% of the population lived in zones where neither monitoring nor PHSP surveillance was undertaken during 2000. The number of zones without monitoring or surveillance decreased from 508 during 1999 to 476 during 2000. The population served by unmonitored and unsurveyed zones was 5% or more in two health districts. There was no microbiological analysis recorded for 103 distribution zones in the Northland health district (an increase of 16 since 1999), serving 9% of the population in that district. Similarly, drinking-water supplied to 9% of the population in the West Coast district had neither microbiological monitoring nor surveillance recorded during 2000.
There are also degrees of non-compliance with the monitoring requirements. For example, a zone may have failed to comply with the monitoring frequency requirements of the DWSNZ:1995 by taking one sample too few during the year, or by being grossly under- monitored. However, some leniency was given in respect to the former situation. If the HPO was convinced that technical non-compliance was caused by omission of a single sample as a result of a one-off event, then the zone may have been classified as ‘adequately monitored’.
4.1.2 Classification by population band
Classification by population band (Table 4.4) provides further insight into how the population of the zones covered by the survey influences their management, in particular the degree to which they are monitored and the adequacy of the monitoring.
14 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 4.4: Adequacy of distribution zone monitoring data by population band
Monitored Adequately Monitored Neither Monitored nor Surveyed Population Zones Population Zones Population Zones Population Band No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of Total Total Total Total Total Total
< 500 796 48% 114,765 65% 436 26% 79,728 45% 465 28% 31,155 18% 500–999 102 89% 67,548 91% 61 53% 40,303 54% 9 8% 4,566 6% 1000–4999 153 98% 343,439 98% 109 70% 256,375 73% 2 1% 3,160 1% 5000–19,999 74 100% 668,937 100% 62 84% 591,141 88% 0 0% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 31 100% 998,450 100% 31 100% 998,450 100% 0 0% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 4 100% 275,300 100% 4 100% 275,300 100% 0 0% 0 0% 100,000+ 5 100% 786,500 100% 5 100% 786,500 100% 0 0% 0 0% Total 1165 57% 3,254,939 98% 708 34% 3,027,797 91% 476 23% 38,881 1%
The data in Table 4.4 confirm that monitoring received less attention in supplies for smaller populations than it did in the larger ones. This may have been caused by the relatively low priority given to monitoring when water supply resources were allocated. However, water suppliers in many small zones were again reported to have been unaware of the microbiological monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ:1995, which may also have contributed to this situation. While this situation is understandable in the case of some private water supplies, it is not true for water supplies administered by local authorities, all of whom have received copies of the DWSNZ:1995 and previous annual reports on the microbiological quality of the drinking-water supplies in their district.
All zones serving 5000 people or more were monitored during 2000. Three zones in the 1000–4999 population bracket were not monitored: Hauraki Plains–Kerepehe (Hauraki District Council), Mt. Hutt Ski Field (a private supply in the Ashburton district) and Mangonui-Cooper’s Beach (a private supply in the Far North district). The percentage of zones monitored gradually decreased to 89% as the zone population fell to 500. Just under half of the distribution zones serving populations of less than 500 people were monitored during 2000. This represents a significant improvement in overall monitoring since the 1999 survey and was largely due to a large increase in monitoring of school supplies. However, in view of a previous waterborne disease outbreak at the Mt. Hutt skifield, it is important that this supply be adequately monitored in future.
There was also a slight increase in the percentage of zones monitored adequately during 2000 (34%) compared with 1999 (31%). Of the zones serving 5000 or more people, twelve were inadequately monitored: Thames (Thames-Coromandel District Council), Taumaranui (Ruapehu District Council), Te Puke (Western BoP District Council), Kawerau (Kawerau District Council), Turangi (Taupo District Council), Marton Township (Rangitikei District Council), Dannevirke (Tararua District Council), Greymouth (Grey District Council), Rangiora and Kaiapoi (Waimakariri District Council), Alexandra (Central Otago District Council) and West Gore (Gore District Council).
The Ministry of Health policy is for the PHSPs to undertake surveillance, rather than to carry out monitoring, which is the responsibility of the water suppliers.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 15 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 4.2 Compliance
There are two factors that must be taken into account when the microbiological compliance of distribution zones is being evaluated. These are: whether the sampling frequency meets the guidelines set out in Table 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995, and whether the samples are free of faecal coliforms. The question of monitoring adequacy has already been discussed in Section 4.1.
This section examines the overall microbiological compliance of the zones, using the monitoring frequency data together with information about the microbiological quality of the samples taken. As with the monitoring adequacy data, the compliance data have been presented in a number of tables providing different aspects of the same information. Detailed compliance information for each zone included in the survey is contained in Appendix 6.
Microbiological compliance was determined for each distribution zone on the basis of questions A5 to A9 of the distribution zone questionnaire. Question A5 sought to determine whether faecal coliform testing was carried out in a registered laboratory. Question A6 sought the number of compliance monitoring samples tested for faecal coliforms during 2000. Question A7 asked whether the sampling frequency was in accordance with the DWSNZ:1995. Question A8 sought the number of routine monitoring samples that contained faecal coliforms. Question A9 elicited whether or not corrective action was undertaken by the water supplier in the event of a faecal coliform transgression and, if so, whether the corrective action satisfied the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. Microbiological compliance is determined by the monitoring frequency, which is dependent on the zone population (see Table 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995), the results (ie, the number of samples containing faecal coliforms should not exceed 2%) and the adequacy of any corrective action undertaken following any faecal coliform transgressions (see Figure 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995). Only if all criteria are satisfied can the zone be said to comply microbiologically with DWSNZ:1995. In other words, although all samples taken from a zone may be of acceptable microbiological quality, if insufficient samples have been taken it is not possible to ascertain whether the water is of this quality for an acceptable portion of the time. The zone would therefore not comply. Similarly, monitoring samples that were tested in a laboratory not listed in the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories are not eligible to be used to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ: 1995.
4.2.1 Classification by health district
Table 4.5 presents compliance data categorised by health district.
16 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 4.5: Summary of 2000 distribution zone monitoring compliance data
Faecal Coliform Compliance Faecal Coliform Transgression Inadequate/ Not Monitored Inadequate Sampling Non-registered Laboratory Total No. Slow Corrective Action Health District DZs No. % DZs % Pop. No. % DZs % Pop. No. % DZs % Pop. No. % DZs % Pop. No. % DZs % Pop. No. % DZs % Pop.
Northland 231 25 11% 64% 21 9% 2% 16 7% 2% 146 63% 13% 47 20% 4% 21 9% 19% Auckland 220 61 28% 96% 15 7% 2% 8 4% 0% 120 55% 1% 30 14% 0.6% 10 5% 0% Waikato 186 73 39% 81% 36 19% 5% 14 8% 1% 37 20% 2% 50 27% 13% 10 5% 3% Tauranga 55 9 16% 86% 2 4% 0% 0 0% 0% 36 65% 2% 9 16% 11% 0 0% 0.0% Rotorua 95 37 39% 75% 9 9% 14% 3 3% 0.3% 37 39% 4% 14 15% 7% 1 1% 0.3% Whakatane 41 10 24% 60% 6 15% 13% 3 7% 21% 17 41% 4% 11 27% 32% 0 0% 0% Gisborne 60 5 8% 89% 6 10% 4% 4 7% 1% 48 80% 7% 3 5% 0% 0 0% 0% Taranaki 91 21 23% 83% 9 10% 3% 3 3% 0% 36 40% 2% 31 34% 12.5% 15 16% 1% Hawkes Bay 110 20 18% 87% 3 3% 0% 3 3% 0% 61 55% 3% 29 26% 10% 7 6% 0% Wanganui 51 6 12% 71% 6 12% 2% 5 10% 1.97% 22 43% 2% 19 37% 23% 2 4% 5% Manawatu 87 26 30% 92% 12 14% 1% 8 9% 0% 38 44% 2% 16 18% 5% 9 10% 1% Wairarapa 29 10 34% 80% 8 28% 17% 1 3% 0% 8 28% 2% 6 21% 16% 0 0% 0% Hutt Valley 52 35 67% 98.3% 0 0% 0.0% 1 2% 1.46% 13 25% 0.2% 3 6% 0.0% 0 0% 0.00% Nelson 67 24 36% 91% 13 19% 4% 3 4% 0.2% 16 24% 1% 22 33% 5% 0 0% 0% Marlborough 95 6 6% 77% 5 5% 3% 2 2% 2% 77 81% 18% 10 11% 4% 2 2% 0.2% West Coast 59 14 24% 61% 10 17% 6% 9 15% 6% 31 53% 9% 8 14% 23.9% 0 0% 0% Canterbury 237 52 22% 74% 50 21% 13% 30 13% 3% 63 27% 3% 85 36% 11% 19 8% 6% S. Canterbury 53 13 25% 86% 14 26% 10% 1 2% 0% 21 40% 3% 8 15% 2% 0 0% 0% Otago 155 44 28% 77% 39 25% 6% 22 14% 2% 41 26% 1% 41 26% 18% 2 1% 0.8% Southland 80 28 35% 61% 8 10% 1.3% 4 5% 0.25% 21 26% 3% 15 19% 19% 10 13% 18% Total 2054 519 25% 86% 272 13% 4% 140 7% 1% 889 43% 2% 457 22% 7% 108 5% 2%
Note: %DZs refers to the percentage of zones in that health district. % pop refers to the percentage of the population in that health district.
Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 17 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 1999 It should be noted that this table specifies compliance or the causes of non-compliance and includes each of the reasons why a supply did not comply. Consequently the totals do not appear to add up because a non-complying zone may have failed to comply with one or more compliance criteria, so were scored in each.
Information about the population supplied from zones that complied microbiologically with DWSNZ:1995 is contained in Table 4.3. Nationally, 86% of the population served by registered supplies was supplied with drinking-water that complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995. This is an increase from 82% in 1999 and represents a corresponding increase in complying zones from 19% in 1999 to 25% in 2000. The population covered by the survey increased by more than 22,000 during this period. However, this high degree of compliance was not observed in all regions. Drinking-water that complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995 was supplied to over 70% of the population in all health districts except Northland, Whakatane, West Coast, and Southland.
A total of 1535 distribution zones did not comply with the DWSNZ:1995 during 2000, a decrease of 37 over the previous year. It should be noted that the number of registered zones increased during the same period by 107. The numbers of zones failing to comply for various reasons are summarised in Table 4.6.
As with previous surveys, the predominant reason for failure to comply was a lack of any documented monitoring and this accounted for 43% of distribution zone failures. Similarly, the second most frequent cause of failure in 2000 was inadequate sampling, which occurred in 22% of zones. Taken together, this indicates a significant increase in the number of water suppliers that began monitoring zones during 2000 but for which insufficient samples were taken.
The number of zones demonstrated to have poor microbiological water quality (ie, as indicated by having faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of monitoring samples) increased from 219 to 272 between 1999 and 2000. This represents an increase from 3% to 4% in terms of the proportion of population that was affected. Taken in context, this is likely to have been caused by the large increase in monitored zones, particularly those serving small communities which generally have less sophisticated water treatment and therefore can be expected to have poorer quality reticulated water. Water suppliers that conducted microbiological sampling for the first time during 2000, and whose drinking- water was found to be faecally-contaminated, will hopefully contemplate installing or improving their water treatment systems.
The number of zones where failure to comply was caused by inadequate, slow or no corrective action following a faecal coliform transgression increased from 118 during 1999 to 140 in 2000. This represents a proportional increase from 6% to 7% over this period.
During 2000, 108 zones failed to comply because testing was not carried out in a laboratory on the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories. This is a significant improvement since 1999 when 180 zones fell into this category. This aspect is more fully discussed in Section 6.
Changes in the number of complying zones during 1999 and 2000 varied between health districts from 26% to -12%. A substantial increase was made in the proportion of complying zones in the Southland, South Canterbury, Waikato health districts.
In terms of the proportion of populations supplied by complying zones, large improvements (≥20%) were shown in the South Canterbury, Wairarapa, Manawatu, Northland, Tauranga
18 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 and Otago health districts. However, the proportion of the population supplied by complying zones fell by more than 10% in the West Coast, Wanganui, Northland, Rotorua and Taranaki health districts. While the registration of previously unregistered drinking- water zones was responsible for the apparent decreased rates of compliance in some areas, some were caused by reduction of water quality or inadequate monitoring. The main causes of non-compliance in zones supplying 1000 or more consumers in 2000 were:
Northland: • no monitoring of the Mangonui-Cooper’s Beach supply • the Far North District Council supplies at Kaitaia, Kaikohe, Kerikeri, Moerewa/Otiria, Paihia, Kawakawa, Haruru Falls and Opua failing to use a registered laboratory for compliance testing.
Auckland: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Franklin District Council supplies at Kitchener, Victoria Avenue and Clarks Beach • inadequate monitoring of, and failure to take immediate corrective action following transgression in, the Clarks Beach supply.
Waikato: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from supplies at Whitianga and Pauanui (Thames-Coromandel District Council), and Hauraki Plains West and Ohinemuri (Hauraki District Council) • no monitoring of the Hauraki Plains (Kerepehi) supply • inadequate monitoring of the Hauraki, Otorohanga, Ruapehu, Thames-Coromandel and Waipa District Council supplies serving Waihi, Paeroa, Hauraki Plains (West and East), Ohinemuri, Otorohanga, Taumaranui, Thames, Pukerimu Rural and Templeview • failure to take immediate corrective action following transgression in the Hauraki Plains West supply • failure of the Ruapehu District Council to use a registered laboratory for compliance testing of the Taumaranui supply.
Tauranga: • inadequate monitoring of the Western Bay of Plenty supplies at Te Puke, TePuna, Waihi Beach and Maketu.
Whakatane: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Whakatane District Council supplies at Edgecumbe and Thornton • failure of the Kawerau District Council to take immediate corrective action following transgression in the Kawerau and Upper Valley Road supplies • inadequate monitoring of the Edgecumbe and Thornton (Whakatane District Council) and Kawerau (Kawerau District Council) supplies.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 19 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Rotorua: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Rotorua Eastern Suburbs (Rotorua District Council) and Murupara (Whakatane District Council) supplies • inadequate monitoring of the Taupo District Council supply at Turangi.
Hawkes Bay: • inadequate monitoring of the High Pressure Zone (Waipukurau) and Waipawa Township supplies (Central Hawkes Bay District Council) and the Hastings supplies of Te Awanga and Hawkes Bay Hospital by the Hastings District Council and hospital respectively.
Taranaki: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Patea (South Taranaki District Council) supply • inadequate monitoring of the South Taranaki District Council supplies at Waimate West Rural, Eltham, Opunake and Manaia.
Wanganui: • inadequate monitoring of the Marton Township, Taihape Township and Bulls Township supplies (Rangitikei District Council) and the Ruapehu supplies of Raetihi Township and Waiouru Township supplies by the Ruapehu District Council and the NZDF respectively. • failure of the Ruapehu District Council to use a registered laboratory for compliance testing of the Ohakune Township and Raetihi Township supplies.
Manawatu: • inadequate monitoring of the Dannevirke (Tararua District Council) supply.
Wairarapa: • inadequate monitoring of and faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Carterton (Carterton District Council) supply. Inadequate sampling of the Carterton supply was noted in the previous report in which the water supply management attested that the error was due to officer error that had been rectified by a higher level of supervision being undertaken by the supply management. This action was clearly ineffective.
Hutt Valley: • failure of the Kapiti Coast District Council to take immediate corrective action following transgression in the Otaki supply.
Nelson: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Motueka (Tasman District Council) supply • inadequate monitoring (1 sample short) of the Tasman District Council supply at Mapua Ruby Bay.
20 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 West Coast: • inadequate monitoring of the Grey District Council supply at Greymouth.
Canterbury: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the supplies at West Christchurch and Riccarton (Christchurch City Council), Ashley/Sefton Rural (Hurunui District Council) and Kaikoura Urban (Kaikoura District Council) • no monitoring of the Mt. Hutt Ski Field supply (a private supply in the Ashburton district). This is of particular concern given the previous occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak. • inadequate monitoring of the supplies to Amberley Town (Hurunui District Council), Kaikoura Urban (Kaikoura District Council), Darfield (Selwyn District Council), Rangiora, Kaiapoi, Oxford Town and Woodend Town (Waimakiriri District Council) and Pararua Men’s Prison (Department of Corrections) • failure to take immediate corrective action following a transgression in the Lyttelton Middle (Banks Peninsula District Council), Ashley/Sefton Rural (Hurunui District Council) and Kaikoura Urban (Kaikoura District Council) supplies.
South Canterbury: • faecal coliforms detected in more than 2% of samples from the Twizel (Mackenzie District Council) and Te Moana (Timaru District Council) supplies.
Otago: • inadequate sampling of the Central Otago District Council supplies of Alexandra, Ranfurly and Cromwell and those of Balclutha and Milton Town (Clutha District Council), East Taieri (Dunedin City Council) and Weston (Waitaki District Council) • the PPCS Finegand uses its own laboratory to carry out the bacteriological compliance tests but the laboratory was not on the Ministry of Health Register of Approved Laboratories. However, this laboratory is presently seeking registration.
Southland: • inadequate monitoring of the West Gore (Gore District Council) and the Winton, Riverton and Te Anau (Southland District Council) supplies • the Queenstown Lakes District Council again failed to use a registered laboratory for compliance testing (includes the Queenstown, Kelvin Heights, Wanaka and Arrowtown supplies).
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 21 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 4.6: Reasons for non-compliance in the distribution zone
Zones not Complying Reason for Non-compliance 2000 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 No. % % % % % % %
FC fail 272 13% 11% 15% 12% 16% 21% 29% Inadequate corrective action 140 7% 6% 1% 1% N/A N/A N/A Not monitored 889 43% 55% 57% 71% 64% 60% 44% Inadequately monitored 457 22% 14% 18% 18% 19% 24% 30% Non-registered laboratory 108 5% 9% 17% N/A – – – Questionnaires not returned 23 1% 0.4% 1% 2% 9% 3% 3%
Total 1535 75%
The trend in the proportions of the various causes of non-compliance in zones can be seen in Table 4.6. The trend in the reasons for non-compliance is tending downward for unmonitored zones and use of non-registered laboratories. The increased proportion of zones that were inadequately monitored or contained faecal coliforms in excess of 2% of samples is to be expected given the large increase in zone monitoring of small supplies that previously did no monitoring at all. However, the increase in zones that received inadequate corrective action following a transgression is of concern.
4.2.2 Classification by population band
Table 4.7 sets out the degree of compliance by population band.
Table 4.7: Compliance monitoring in the distribution zone by population band
Complying Total Population No. of Population Distribution Zones Population in Zones Band Zones No. % of Total No. % of Total
<500 1669 177,513 294 18% 52,377 30% 500–999 115 74,357 44 38% 30,313 41% 1000–4999 156 350,099 87 56% 214,225 61% 5000–19,999 74 668,937 55 74% 540,041 81% 20,000–49,999 31 998,450 30 97% 968,450 97% 50,000–99,999 4 275,300 4 100% 275,300 100% 100,000+ 5 786,500 5 100% 786,500 100% Total 2054 3,331,156 519 25% 2,867,206 86%
Generally the proportion of complying zones increased with the increasing zone population, as would be expected. The number of zones which complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995 increased markedly from 376 to 519 over the past year while the population served by complying zones was approximately 2.87 million, an increase of approximately 220,000. The proportion of the population supplied with drinking-water which complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995 rose by 4% in 2000 to 86%.
22 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 The proportion of complying zones rose by 6% to 25% during 2000. The improvement was especially noticeable in the smaller population bands. However there was little improvement in the compliance rates for the 5,000 – 19,999 band.
The compliance status of each distribution zone is listed in Appendix 6. Many zones listed show a discrepancy between the microbiological compliance with DWSNZ:1995 and the zone grade as at January 2001. Over 176,000 people, in 74 distribution zones, were supplied with drinking-water that failed to comply with the microbiological requirements of DWSNZ:1995 but were listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grades. These zones are detailed further in Appendix 7 which also indicates whether the zone has been regraded between January 2001 and the time this report goes to press and, if so, the current grade.
The number of zones for which this phenomenon occurred and the number of people affected improved since 1999 when ca. 309,000 people in 83 registered zones were in this category. As a zone that fails to demonstrate microbiological compliance during the grading process cannot achieve better than a ‘c’ grading, the monitoring frequency or microbiological quality of these zones may have deteriorated since they were previously graded, or the microbiological monitoring may not have been increased in line with DWSNZ:1995.
However, there is some reluctance on the part of water suppliers to regrade water supplies to the present grading system, which is based on the 1984 Drinking-Water Standards and is greatly out of date. With the recent advent of the DWSNZ:2000 it would seem appropriate to ensure that the revision of the grading system is completed with dispatch.
Recommendations That all water suppliers, particularly those serving small populations, are informed of the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. That the water supply grading system is revised as soon as practicable to reflect the changes to the Drinking-Water Standards. That zones listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grading but that failed to comply with the microbiological requirements of the Drinking-Water Standards be re-graded to inform the public of the current microbiological status of the water supply. That supplies serving 500 or more people should be graded annually. That water suppliers collect more than the minimum number of samples required for compliance testing so that they have a buffer if circumstances cause a regular sample to be missed.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 23 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 5 Drinking-water Monitoring at the Treatment Plant
Before 1996, compliance monitoring of drinking-water was largely carried out in the distribution zone. Since the adoption of the DWSNZ:1995, there has been a requirement to also monitor drinking-water as it leaves the water treatment plant. These data were collected by the Water Treatment Plant questionnaire in the past four surveys. The term ‘treatment plant’ refers to the point at which water enters the distribution system, irrespective of whether it is treated or not.
There are three aspects of treatment plant monitoring that must be examined when assessing the adequacy of monitoring for microbiological compliance: • whether a sufficient number of faecal coliform samples were taken for the population supplied in water leaving the treatment plant or continuous FAC monitoring is in place • whether water was extracted entirely from secure groundwater or whether it has been demonstrated that the water treatment process was sufficient to remove or kill Giardia by turbidity monitoring or use of adequate disinfection C.t values1 as per the DWSNZ:1995 (depending on the type of treatment in use) • whether water was extracted entirely from secure groundwater or whether it has been demonstrated that the water treatment process was sufficient to remove or kill Cryptosporidium as shown by adequate ozone or chlorine dioxide C.t values1 or turbidity monitoring as per the DWSNZ:1995 (depending on the type of treatment in use).
Compliance with Giardia was not measured in this survey because it was regarded as superfluous following the release of the DWSNZ:2000 in which parasite compliance is determined entirely by the ability of water treatment to remove or kill Cryptosporidium.
The microbiological compliance criteria are set out in the table contained in Section 3.3 of the DWSNZ:1995.
5.1 The population distribution of treatment plants
During 2000, the number of treatment plants listed in the Register rose from 1865 to 1968, an increase of 5.5%. Data were provided for all but 20 of the treatment plants: a return rate of 99%. The outstanding treatment plants were scored as not monitored.
The number of treatment plants in different population bands can be seen in Table 3.1. As with distribution zones, the few large plants supply most of the population. Populations assigned to each treatment plant are approximations, as this information is held for the distribution zones but not for the treatment plants per se. The population was calculated as the total population of all distribution zones supplied by the treatment plant. For example, where a single treatment plant supplied water to two distribution zones, then the population
1 The product of disinfectant residual concentration (in mg/L) and contact time (in minutes) required to cause a specified level of inactivation of a micro-organism. This is a measure of the exposure to the disinfectant.
24 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 exposed to water from that treatment plant was the combined population of the two zones. As many distribution zones are supplied by more than one treatment plant, the total population calculated this way greatly exceeds that of New Zealand, due to double counting. Consequently, population statistics of treatment plants are referred to in terms of percentages only. However, in the discussion, it was more appropriate to use the total population supplied by a treatment plant, as water supplied by a plant would potentially affect people in all the zones it supplied.
As with the distribution zones, the relative importance of the population band is dependent on whether analysis is from the perspective of population or the number of plants. Plants supplying small communities are by far the most numerous, but the 10 plants that each supplied populations in excess of 100,000 account for half the population.
The distribution of population bands using different types of water sources is described in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Water sources for different population bands
Population Surface Water Groundwater Rainwater Band No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop.
<500 745 47% 31% 829 52% 56% 450 28% 19% 500–999 45 47% 47% 52 54% 54% 1 1% 1% 1,000–4,999 73 47% 50% 85 55% 53% 0 0% 0% 5,000–19,999 40 60% 53% 33 49% 55% 0 0% 0% 20,000–49,999 12 41% 38% 20 69% 72% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 7 47% 46% 8 53% 54% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 6 60% 72% 4 40% 28% 0 0% 0% Total* 928 47% 58% 1031 52% 44% 451 23% 0.5%
Note: The percentage values refer to the percentages of treatment plants or population in that population band. * The percentages add up to >100% because some treatment plants draw water from more than one type of water source.
Groundwater was used in just over half of the treatment plants and supplied drinking-water to 44% of the population. Almost half the treatment plants used surface water and supplied 58% of the population. Rainwater was used to supply drinking-water to 23% of plants but this relates to only 0.5% of the population and only communities of less than 1000 people used rainwater supplies.
5.2 Adequacy of treatment plant monitoring
There are three Priority 1 determinands that are considered at the treatment plant: faecal coliforms, Giardia and Cryptosporidium. All should be absent in drinking-water as it leaves the treatment plant. However, as treatment that is capable of removing Cryptosporidium will also be effective against Giardia, the ability of treatment to remove Giardia has been omitted from this survey because it is not relevant to overall compliance.
The absence of faecal coliforms can be determined in one of three ways. The water leaving the treatment plant can be analysed for faecal coliforms at the frequency prescribed in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995, or it can be inferred, either if the water is taken from a secure groundwater source (and verified by faecal coliform analysis at the frequency
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 25 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 prescribed in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995) or if the water is continuously monitored for free available chlorine and maintains acceptable FAC levels in conditions prescribed in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995.
The water must also be protected from, or the treatment be capable of removing or killing, Cryptosporidium oocysts. This can be ensured either by drawing water from a secure groundwater supply, by adequate filtration treatment, or by disinfection at the C.t values above the minimum prescribed for Cryptosporidium in Table 12.8 of the DWSNZ:1995. Compliance is effectively determined by faecal coliform/continuous FAC monitoring and Cryptosporidium removal.
Compliance of the treatment plants for these criteria is shown in relation to the number of treatment plants and the estimated size of population supplied by them in Table 5.2 and for each health district in Table 5.3.
Supplies that were used intermittently or on a seasonal basis were dealt with as follows: Where a supply was noted as being seasonal and complied with the faecal coliform standard except that it was not monitored when not in use then it was listed as being fully compliant. However, WINZ does not calculate compliance on this basis. This aspect of compliance needs to be addressed by the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand.
Table 5.2: Treatment plant compliance by population band
Faecal Coliform Cryptosporidium No Compliance Fully Compliant Total No. Compliance Compliance Population Band Treatment Plants No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop.
<500 1597 54 3% 0.2% 242 15% 0.4% 1329 83% 2% 28 2% 0.1% 500–999 96 18 19% 0.2% 6 6% 0.1% 75 78% 0.8% 3 3% 0.03% 1000–4999 154 52 34% 2% 31 20% 1% 97 63% 4% 26 17% 1% 5000–19,999 67 49 73% 7% 38 57% 5% 17 25% 2% 37 55% 5% 20,000–49,999 29 27 93% 16% 18 62% 11% 2 7% 1% 18 62% 11% 50,000–99,999 15 13 87% 14% 12 80% 13% 2 13% 1.6% 12 80% 13% 100,000+ 10 10 100% 50% 9 90% 47% 0 0% 0% 9 90% 47% Total 1968 223 11% 88% 356 18% 79% 1522 77% 11% 133 7% 78%
A total of 133 treatment plants fully complied with the faecal coliform/cFAC and Cryptosporidium compliance criteria during 2000, three fewer than in 1999. This represents 7% of treatment plants or supplies to 78% of the population. In terms of population served, compliance rates increased with increasing population size. The same general trend was observed for individual compliance with both of the microbiological criteria. Faecal coliform compliance was demonstrated in 223 or 11% of treatment plants supplying 88% of the population. Compliance with the Cryptosporidium criteria is lower with 356 (18%) of plants supplying 79% of the population being compliant. The majority of treatment plants (77%) comply with none of the microbiological criteria. However, these are mostly small supplies and correspond to only 11% of the population. From a national perspective, faecal coliform compliance has improved slightly since 1999 whereas Cryptosporidium compliance has improved significantly during the same period. During 2000, Cryptosporidium compliance was achieved by 53 more than in 1999, which represents an increase of 2% of plants and 3% in the population served. While these improvements may at first appear meagre, they should be taken in the context of a concomitant increase of 5.5% and 2.6% in registered supplies and population respectively.
26 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 5.3: Treatment plant compliance by health district
Total Faecal Coliform Cryptosporidium No Compliance Fully Compliant Population No. Compliance Compliance Band TPs No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop.
Northland 232 13 6% 80% 72 31% 61% 156 67% 15% 9 4% 57% Auckland 189 10 5% 98% 21 11% 99% 166 88% 1% 8 4% 98% Waikato 175 29 17% 75% 26 15% 68% 141 81% 25% 21 12% 68% Tauranga 52 5 10% 82% 16 31% 82% 36 69% 18% 5 10% 82% Rotorua 89 17 19% 78% 13 15% 10% 62 70% 20% 3 3% 9% Whakatane 38 6 16% 62% 13 34% 60% 23 61% 36% 4 11% 58% Gisborne 61 2 3% 94% 3 5% 94% 58 95% 6% 2 3% 94% Taranaki 84 11 13% 88% 21 25% 80% 57 68% 11% 5 6% 79% Hawkes Bay 115 24 21% 97% 39 34% 97% 76 66% 3% 24 21% 97% Wanganui 52 8 15% 84% 8 15% 17% 42 81% 12% 6 12% 14% Manawatu 88 21 24% 97% 24 27% 90% 55 63% 2% 12 14% 90% Wairarapa 31 5 16% 73% 3 10% 61% 26 84% 27% 3 10% 61% Hutt Valley 31 10 32% 99.8% 5 16% 79% 21 68% 0.2% 5 16% 79% Nelson 73 17 23% 61% 26 36% 40% 39 53% 38% 9 12% 39% Marlborough 99 8 8% 48% 13 13% 4.7% 78 79% 47% 0 0% 0% West Coast 54 5 9% 60% 3 6% 24% 47 87% 38% 1 2% 22% Canterbury 236 12 5% 75% 25 11% 73% 208 88% 24% 9 4% 72% S. Canterbury 54 4 7% 63% 2 4% 47% 49 91% 37% 1 2% 47% Otago 140 11 8% 72% 4 3% 1% 128 91% 28% 3 2% 1% Southland 75 5 7% 17% 19 25% 16% 54 72% 82% 3 4% 15% Total 1968 223 11% 88% 356 18% 79% 1522 77% 11% 133 7% 78%
There is considerable variation of treatment plant compliance amongst the various health districts. In terms of the percentage of population supplied, the range of populations receiving drinking-water that complied with the faecal coliform criteria ranged from 17% to almost 99.8% among health districts. The population supplied by plants that fully complied with the faecal coliform and Cryptosporidium criteria was lower, with no fully compliant treatment plants being reported in the Marlborough health district.
Table 5.4: Causes of faecal coliform non-compliance of treatment plants by population
Faecal Coliform Faecal Coliform Not Monitored Inadequate Non-registered Total Compliance Transgression Sampling Laboratory Population No. Band TPs No. % % No. % % No. % % No. % % No. % % TPs Pop. TPs Pop. TPs Pop. TPs Pop. TPs Pop.
<500 1597 54 3% 0.2% 72 5% 0.2% 1334 84% 2% 164 10% 0.4% 32 2% 0.1% 500–999 96 18 19% 0.2% 18 19% 0.2% 33 34% 0.3% 27 28% 0.3% 7 7% 0.1% 1000–4999 154 52 34% 2% 25 16% 1% 28 18% 1% 44 29% 2% 12 8% 0.5% 5000–19,999 67 49 73% 7% 3 4% 0.5% 2 3% 0.3% 8 12% 1% 5 7% 0.6% 20,000–49,999 29 27 93% 16% 2 7% 0.6% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 15 13 87% 14% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 2 13% 2% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 10 10 100% 50% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Total 1968 223 11% 88% 120 6% 3% 1397 71% 3% 245 12% 5% 56 3% 1%
Note: % TPs percentage of the TPs in that population band % pop percentage of the overall population Tables 5.4 and 5.5 give an insight as to the causes of non-compliance with the faecal coliform criteria. The vast majority of non-compliant plants are not monitored. Most of these supply small populations. Only two plants supplying in excess of 5,000 people were not monitored for faecal coliforms during 2000. Of these, the Melrose Road treatment
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 27 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 plant, which supplies an estimated 15,000 people in Ashburton, was not monitored and the other plant was not used during 2000.
Faecal coliform transgressions (ie, faecal coliforms detected in water leaving the treatment plant) occurred at 120 treatment plants during 2000. This number has increased since 1999 but probably reflects the increased sampling of small supplies more than a general decline in water quality at the treatment plant. The presence of faecal coliforms in water as it leaves the treatment plant shows that treatment has failed and water may be contaminated with pathogens of faecal origin that may cause illness if ingested. Most faecal coliform transgressions were detected in plants supplying relatively small numbers of consumers but five supplied in excess of 5000 people. Water in the untreated groundwater supplies from Eltham Road and Middle Renwick Road that serve Blenheim each contained faecal coliforms on one occasion. During 2000, faecal coliforms were detected once in the Hickey plant and on five and seven occasions in the Mosgiel and Waiuku plants respectively. As Hickey is a chlorinated supply, this suggests that the chlorination process is inadequate. The Mosgiel plant draws water from nine bores, the water from which is combined and which presently is registered as a single treatment plant. It is possible that some of these bores may contain water that may, following verification, prove to be secure groundwater, while at least one of the bores is clearly not secure. The bores should be sampled separately in future until it can be determined whether any of them are secure. In the interim, an alternate means of treatment should be implemented. A chlorinator was installed at the Waiuku treatment plant in September 2000 following transgressions at the plant.
A total of 245 (12%) of treatment plants supplying 5% of the population failed to comply with the faecal coliform criteria due to inadequate monitoring during 2000. Again, these mostly consist of the smaller supplies but two inadequately monitored plants supplied populations of 20,000 or more. These were the Maitai Plant (Nelson City Council) and Branxholme Plant (Invercargill City Council).
There were five treatment plants serving 5,000 or more residents that did not comply because compliance testing was carried out in non-registered laboratories. These were Kaiapoi and Ayres Street, Rangiora (Waimakariri District Council), Fernhill (Queenstown Lakes District Council), Taumarunui (Ruapehu District Council), and Kaitaia (Far North District Council).
28 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 5.5: Causes of non-compliance at the treatment plant by health district
Faecal Coliform Faecal Coliform Not Monitored Inadequate Sampling Non-registered Total Compliance Transgression Laboratory Health No. District TPs No. % % No. % % No. % % Pop. No. % % Pop. No % % Pop. TPs Pop. TPs Pop. TPs TPs TPs
Northland 232 13 6% 80% 1 0% 0.02% 205 88% 9% 3 1% 0.1% 10 4% 11% Auckland 189 10 5% 98% 14 7% 1% 154 81% 0.7% 19 10% 0.2% 4 2% 0.01% Waikato 175 29 17% 75% 17 10% 5% 100 57% 11% 29 17% 5% 10 6% 2% Tauranga 52 5 10% 82% 0 0% 0% 39 75% 1% 7 13% 16% 0 0% 0% Rotorua 89 17 19% 78% 7 8% 10% 61 69% 12% 7 8% 8% 0 0% 0% Whakatane 38 6 16% 62% 5 13% 29% 23 61% 4% 7 18% 24% 0 0% 0% Gisborne 61 2 3% 94% 4 7% 1% 50 82% 4% 8 13% 2% 0 0% 0% Taranaki 84 11 13% 88% 2 2% 0.7% 67 80% 6% 4 5% 3% 0 0% 0% Hawkes Bay 115 24 21% 97% 1 1% 0.1% 79 69% 1% 12 10% 2% 1 1% 0.01% Wanganui 52 8 15% 84% 3 6% 0.9% 35 67% 8% 4 8% 4% 2 4% 5% Manawatu 88 21 24% 97% 6 7% 1.4% 60 68% 1% 0 0% 0% 1 1% 0.1% Wairarapa 31 5 16% 73% 1 3% 4% 25 81% 23% 1 3% 4% 0 0% 0% Hutt Valley 31 10 32% 99.8% 0 0% 0% 21 68% 0.2% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Nelson 73 17 23% 61% 4 5% 0.5% 46 63% 3% 8 11% 35% 0 0% 0% Marlborough 99 8 8% 48% 2 2% 40% 87 88% 12% 2 2% 0.3% 0 0% 0% West Coast 54 5 9% 60% 2 4% 3% 46 85% 33% 1 2% 5% 0 0% 0% Canterbury 236 12 5% 75% 26 11% 2% 107 45% 6% 113 48% 18% 18 8% 4% S. 54 4 7% 63% 13 24% 24% 35 65% 9% 6 11% 8% 0 0% 0% Canterbury Otago 140 11 8% 72% 11 8% 9% 100 71% 7% 10 7% 4% 1 1% 0.04% Southland 75 5 7% 17% 1 1% 0.1% 57 76% 16% 4 5% 52% 9 12% 16% Total 1968 223 11% 88% 120 6% 3% 1397 71% 3% 245 12% 5% 56 3% 1%
Note: % TPs the percentage of the treatment plants in that health district % pop the percentage of the population in that health district
Table 5.5 shows the variation in faecal coliform compliance or the causes of non- compliance in the different health districts.
Faecal coliform transgressions occurred in more than 10% of treatment plants in the South Canterbury and Canterbury health districts. However, in terms of the proportion of the population, the health districts supplying more than 10% of their consumers from plants that transgressed were Marlborough (40%), Whakatane (29%) and South Canterbury (24%).
Inadequate sampling contributed to non-compliance of 12% treatment plants during 2000. The largest numbers of inadequately monitored plants were in the Canterbury (113), Waikato (29) and Auckland (19) health districts. This situation has deteriorated particularly in Canterbury since 1999 when 54 zones fell into this category.
The most common reason behind non-compliance was failure to monitor at all. This occurred in 71% of treatment plants. This represents a small decrease in the proportion of unmonitored treatment plants since 1999. However, unmonitored plants supplied only 3% of the total population in 2000, half that of 1999. The increase in unmonitored plants and corresponding decrease in the proportion of the population served by them is explained by failure to establish monitoring at many of the newly registered plants. The absence of monitoring mainly occurred at plants serving small communities, many of which are privately owned. Significant proportions of the population supplied by treatment plants that were not monitored occurred in the following health districts: West Coast (33%), Wairarapa (23%), and Southland (16%). While in certain areas the proportion of the population living in small communities may partially explain this phenomenon, it appears
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 29 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 that some of the larger water suppliers still do not perform faecal coliform monitoring (or continuous FAC monitoring) at the treatment plant.
There was a decline in the use of continuous FAC monitoring as a means of demonstrating bacteriological compliance since 1999. Of the 37 (2%) treatment plants that were believed to continuously monitor FAC levels, 28 were reported to comply with the continuous FAC monitoring requirements specified in the DWSNZ:1995. However, these were mostly large treatment plants. These figures represent a continued decline of the use of cFAC compliance monitoring. This phenomenon was caused by increased reliance on faecal coliform monitoring to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 at all of the treatment plants serving in excess of 50,000 people except the Hamilton supply. Four treatment plants supplying 1000 or more consumers and used continuous FAC monitoring failed to meet the continuous FAC compliance criteria stated in the DWSNZ:1995. These were: Waitakaruru TP (Hauraki District Council), Balclutha and Milton (Clutha District Council) and Eltham (South Taranaki District Council). All of these supplies also fell into this category last year.
The Cryptosporidium compliance criteria are a function of the water source and the treatment it receives.
Cryptosporidium compliance of drinking-water can be achieved by several means. The water can be: • obtained from a groundwater source that is verified as being secure • passed through a membrane or cartridge filter that removes particles larger than 5µm • filtered through a slow sand filter or equivalent with or without preceding coagulation treatment provided that the turbidity is adequately monitored and maintained below the level specified in the DWSNZ:1995 • filtered through a rapid sand filter or equivalent with preceding coagulation treatment provided that the turbidity is adequately monitored and maintained below the level specified in the DWSNZ:1995
• disinfected with chlorine dioxide or ozone provided that the minimum C.t values specified in Table 12.7 of the DWSNZ:1995 are maintained.
The mechanism used by treatment plants to achieve Cryptosporidium compliance is shown in relation to population band in Table 5.6.
Table 5.6: Cryptosporidium compliance in treatment plant by population band
Groundwater Verified Cartridge Filtration Slow Sand/ Coagulation/ Filtration Ozone/ClO2 Disinfection Crypto- Secure DE Filtration Population sporidium Band Compliant TPs No. % TPs % No. % TPs % No. % TPs % No. % TPs % No. % TPs % Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop.
<500 242 23 10% 0.09% 205 85% 0.3% 1 0% 0.002% 11 4.5% 0.03% 2 0.8% 0.003% 500–999 6 0 0% 0% 4 67% 0.04% 0 0% 0% 2 33% 0.03% 0 0% 0% 1000–4999 31 11 35% 0.4% 2 6% 0.1% 4 13% 0.1% 17 55% 0.7% 0 0% 0% 5000–19,999 38 17 45% 3% 1 3% 0.2% 1 3% 0.1% 20 53% 2% 0 0% 0% 20,000–49,999 18 12 67% 8% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 5 28% 3% 1 6% 0.4% 50,000–99,999 12 7 58% 8% 1 8% 1% 0 0% 0% 4 33% 4% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 9 3 33% 8% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 6 67% 39% 0 0% 0%
Total 356 73 21% 27% 213 60% 2% 6 2% 0.2% 65 18% 49% 3 0.8% 0.4%
Note: % TPs the percentage of Cryptosporidium-compliant treatment plants in that population band % pop the percentage of the overall population
30 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 A total of 356 treatment plants achieved Cryptosporidium compliance during 2000, an increase of 17% since 1999. Of these, secure groundwater was used by 73 (21%), cartridge filtration by 213 (60%), coagulation/filtration by 65 (18%), slow sand or DE filtration by six (2%) and ozone or chlorine dioxide by three (0.8%). This represents a significant increase of cartridge filtration during 2000. Cartridge filters are being used to treat for Cryptosporidium in an increasing number of small supplies, usually in conjunction with ultraviolet treatment.
In terms of the total population, Cryptosporidium compliance was achieved using coagulation/filtration treatment by water supplies serving 49% of consumers, by the use of secure groundwater (27%), by cartridge filtration (2%), by ozonation or chlorine dioxide treatment (0.4%) and slow sand or DE filtration (0.2%). The effectiveness of the various Cryptosporidium treatments remains similar to last year.
Overall, compliance with the Cryptosporidium criteria could not be demonstrated in treatment plants serving an estimated 21% of the population.
An estimated 27% of the population was supplied with secure groundwater. The number of verified secure groundwater sources in 2000 was 73, which is 12 less than in 1999. The actual secure groundwater status is compared to that perceived by the water supplier in Table 5.7. In order to use groundwater as a means of complying with the Cryptosporidium compliance criteria it is necessary to demonstrate that the groundwater is secure. This involves demonstrating an absence of E. coli from the groundwater, security of the well head, and that the groundwater is not directly affected by surface or climate influences. Procedures for doing this are given, for the first time, in the DWSNZ:2000 and this recent addition may partially explain why many water suppliers still appear to be unaware of the necessity to be able to demonstrate the secure status of groundwater, or the means of doing so. Of the 445 supplies that were considered by water suppliers to be secure groundwater in 2000, only 73 were obtained from groundwater that was verified as being secure. This situation has worsened since 1999.
Demonstrating security is a straightforward process in situations where one groundwater source supplies one treatment plant. However, in situations in which there are multiple sources supplying one treatment plant, the procedure can be complex because all sources must be demonstrated as being secure, even if they are drawing from the same aquifer and are in close proximity. This may hinder the verification of security for treatment plants with multiple sources.
Most of the treatment plants with sources that were considered to be secure, but where security was unverified, were used to supply distribution zones with small populations. However, ten treatment plants supplied the following communities of 5000 people or more: the four plants serving Blenheim (Marlborough District Council), one plant serving the Waiuku community (Franklin District Council), one plant serving Turangi (Taupo District Council), three plants serving Ashburton (Ashburton District Council), and one plant serving Kaiapoi (Waimakariri District Council).
While secure groundwater complies microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995, its security must be verified and its faecal coliform-free status monitored at least once every two months (the frequency is reduced to once per quarter in the DWSNZ:2000). Failure to comply with the faecal coliform monitoring regime set out in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995 means that the supply reverts to non-secure status.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 31 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 5.7: Demonstration of the secure status of groundwater by health district
Health district Total no. Verified as Secure Considered Secure TPs No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs* % Pop. Northland 232 1 0.4% 0.2% 22 9% 2% Auckland 189 0 0% 0% 48 25% 1% Waikato 175 5 3% 6% 69 39% 7% Tauranga 52 2 4% 3% 19 37% 1% Rotorua 89 3 3% 9% 29 33% 13% Whakatane 38 2 5% 18% 6 16% 11% Gisborne 61 0 0% 0% 3 5% 0.8% Taranaki 84 0 0% 0% 10 12% 4% Hawkes Bay 115 23 20% 96% 16 14% 0.7% Wanganui 52 3 6% 2% 4 8% 2% Manawatu 88 8 9% 69% 15 17% 1% Wairarapa 31 0 0% 0% 4 13% 16% Hutt Valley 31 2 6% 47% 3 10% 0.02% Nelson 73 9 12% 39% 35 48% 5% Marlborough 99 0 0% 0% 24 24% 83% West Coast 54 0 0% 0% 4 7% 11% Canterbury 236 10 4% 72% 93 39% 17% S Canterbury 54 0 0% 0% 9 17% 3% Otago 140 1 0.7% 0.2% 12 9% 0.4% Southland 75 4 5% 15% 20 27% 5% Total 1968 73 4% 27% 445 23% 5%
* Percentage of non-secure sources considered as secure by the water supplier
In areas where secure groundwater exists, demonstration of the security of groundwater is an attractive option to achieve microbiological compliance. The cost of verifying that the groundwater is secure is offset by the reduction in the cost of compliance monitoring, which is lower for secure groundwater than for non-secure groundwater and much lower than the cost of water treatment.
There is some confusion among water suppliers as to the requirements needed to determine whether groundwater is secure. Secure groundwater was defined thus in the notes to Table 3.1 in the DWSNZ:1995: • Water must be adequately tested for faecal coliforms, which should not be detected in any 100 mL samples. • Water must be abstracted via a secure wellhead or similarly proven structure. • The water must not be under the direct influence of surface water or demonstrate any significant or rapid shifts in characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH which closely correlate to any climatological, surface water conditions or land use practices. • There must be no insects or other macro-organisms such as algae, organic debris or large-diameter pathogens.
The notes to Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995 also stated that compliance with the above criteria must have been reliably demonstrated. If any doubt remains that the groundwater is secure, a check should be made that the water has been in the aquifer for more than one year.
32 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 However, there was no clear statement made in the DWSNZ:1995 as to which of the compliance criteria are mandatory or how to determine compliance of the individual points listed above. Consequently, because of this and because of the changes to the secure groundwater criteria in the DWSNZ:2000, it was decided to refer to the new criteria in question C9 of the Treatment Plant questionnaire. For the purposes of this survey, a more lenient approach was taken to assess whether or not the groundwater complied. The groundwater was considered as verified secure if adequate faecal coliform monitoring was carried out, the well head was secure and either of the other points were demonstrated. Furthermore, some leeway was given by HPOs if they considered that the old criteria were more appropriate because the new criteria had yet to be implemented by the water supplier.
Recommendations
That water suppliers pay attention to the E. coli monitoring requirements of secure groundwater supplies specified in the DWSNZ:2000. That water suppliers who purport to use secure groundwater that has not been verified as being secure should either ensure its secure status is verified or employ a suitable disinfection process.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 33 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
6 Validity of Microbiological Monitoring
The ability to accurately assess the potential health risk from the consumption of drinking- water is reliant on the quality of compliance testing. The reliability of microbiological analysis is dependent on several factors.
The sample needs to be representative of the drinking-water being tested. This means that an adequate sampling plan should be used and the sampling personnel should be trained in sample collection. Collection of a water sample at an inappropriate point may give a result that is not representative of the water quality in the supply as a whole. Similarly, if the aseptic technique of the person taking the samples is poor, indicator bacteria may be introduced into the sample resulting in a false positive result.
The sample should be collected aseptically in a sterile container containing appropriate preservative. It must then be transported to the laboratory speedily and in a manner that does not affect its microbiological quality. Samples should be chilled and protected from sunlight when transported to the laboratory. Failure to do so can affect the result of microbiological analysis, usually by lowering the bacterial count and potentially giving rise to false negative results. Samples must be tested within 24 hours of sampling and preferably within six hours. Again, failure to do so may cause erroneous (usually low) results.
With an appropriate sampling plan, trained samplers and an effective courier system, the sample integrity should be maximised. Once the sample reaches the laboratory the result is dependent on the quality of the microbiological analysis. Three main errors can occur in laboratories that can impact on quality. The laboratory should have rejection criteria so as not to analyse samples that are inappropriately labelled or arrive too late after sampling or in a poor condition. The analysis must be carried out correctly using approved techniques with concurrent quality controls by appropriately trained personnel using calibrated equipment. The laboratory should also have an effective quality assurance system to help minimise process and reporting errors.
Sampling is the responsibility of the water supplier. The appropriateness and correctness of sampling should be checked by HPOs although specific information about this process was not gathered in the survey. It is apparent that this has been addressed well by some PHSPs but less so by others. Transport of samples is affected by the sampler, the courier and the laboratory. Appropriate collection times and careful packing of containers is important. The main problem in this respect seems to lie with the couriers, and widespread dissatisfaction with courier services is apparent although some recent improvements have been noted. The quality of the laboratory is best assessed by accreditation of the laboratory by independent auditors. To this end the Ministry of Health has compiled a register of laboratories approved to conduct microbiological compliance testing of drinking-water. The laboratories present on this register at December 2000 are listed in Appendix 4.
In 2000, a total of 717 of registered water supplies were managed by local authorities (LAs). A further ten were run by private water companies under contract to LAs. These 727 zones supplied drinking-water to an estimated 95% of the population supplied by registered supplies.
Three LAs and a large number of private water suppliers used non-registered laboratories for compliance testing during 2000. Analyses conducted by non-registered laboratories are not suitable to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995. Water suppliers should use
34 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 a laboratory on the Ministry of Health Register of Water-testing Laboratories for all future compliance testing. This can be done either by changing to a laboratory on the MoH Register or encouraging the laboratory they currently use to seek registration. Laboratories seeking to be included on the MoH Register should contact IANZ.
The use of appropriate analytical services is the responsibility of the water supplier. Appendix 5 shows how each local authority stood in 2000 with respect to compliance. The following three LAs still used non-approved laboratories for analysis of monitoring samples for faecal coliforms during 2000: Far North District Council, Queenstown Lakes District Council and Ruapehu District Council. The use of approved laboratories for compliance testing has been mandatory since 1 January 1999, which ought to have been sufficient time for the above mentioned LAs to have organised a suitable laboratory.
The following councils are to be commended for moving from using non-registered laboratories to laboratories in the Ministry of Health Register of Water-testing Laboratories by the end of 2000: Ashburton District Council, Horowhenua District Council, Kaipara District Council, Mackenzie District Council, Manawatu District Council, Rodney District Council, Timaru District Council, Waipa District Council and Wairoa District Council.
It should be noted that the Ministry of Health Register of Water-testing Laboratories is released at irregular intervals, and so printed copies may be out of date. Changes in laboratory registrations are entered on WINZ once they are notified by the organisation that maintains the laboratory register (QAS in 2000; IANZ in 2001). Unfortunately, a number of errors still exist in the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories. Most of the errors are to do with inappropriate standard methods being listed for a variety of analytes. Consequently, until these errors are corrected, some of the compliance monitoring data are not able to be entered into WINZ. This problem was noted in the previous report but has not yet been resolved.
Recommendations
That water suppliers, particularly those administered by local authorities, ensure that microbiological compliance testing is conducted only by laboratories listed in the Ministry of Health Register of Water-testing Laboratories. That an accurate real-time list of Ministry of Health approved laboratories is made available in a format suitable for incorporation into WINZ.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 35 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 7 Water Supply Surveillance
One of the functions of Health Protection Officers (HPOs) is to conduct surveillance of the drinking-water supplies in their health district. The purpose of surveillance is to provide an additional check or audit of the drinking-water supply by an agency that is external to the water supplier, namely the Public Health Service Provider (PHSP). This entails surveillance of both the distribution zones and the water treatment plants. Surveillance may be conducted by examination and audit of the water supplier’s monitoring records, instead of, or in addition to, surveillance sampling/analysis. It should be noted that surveillance by the PHSPs is not intended as a substitute for monitoring, which is the responsibility of the water supplier, but as an independent check of the drinking-water quality.
7.1 PHSP surveillance of distribution zones
To reflect the compliance requirements of the DWSNZ:1995, surveillance in the distribution zone should examine water samples and/or water supplier records for (i) faecal coliforms, and (ii) free available chlorine (FAC) if it was used as partial replacement for faecal coliform analysis. This was ascertained by Section B of the distribution zone questionnaire (Appendix 1). Questions B2 and B3 sought to ascertain how surveillance was conducted for FAC and faecal coliforms respectively and, if surveillance sampling was undertaken, the results of analyses.
Information about PHSP surveillance conducted during 2000 for each health district is contained in Table 7.1. Summary information is listed for individual distribution zones in Appendix 6.
During 2000, surveillance of water supply distribution zones was conducted in all health districts except South Canterbury. PHSP surveillance of some kind was reported in 57% of distribution zones serving 90% of the population during 2000. This represents a proportional decline of 3% in the number of zones and an increase in the population since 1999.
Faecal coliform surveillance was reported in 56% of zones. Some distribution zone surveillance sampling was carried out in all health districts except South Canterbury. In 2000, 925 water samples were analysed for faecal coliforms in 1158 zones, with transgressions being detected in 24% of the zones tested, a slight decrease from 26% of transgressing zones in 1999.
Faecal coliforms were detected in surveillance samples from 15 distribution zones supplying about 22,000 residents that were reported as complying with the faecal coliform criteria of the DWSNZ:1995. Eight of these were small private supplies (mainly schools). However, the remaining seven were LA supplies undertaking regular monitoring. These were Port Waikato (Franklin District Council), Levin (Horowhenua District Council), Kaiteriteri (Tasman District Council), Methven Township (Ashburton District Council) and Eastern Bush, Orawia and Edendale (Southland District Council). This is cause for concern, because if the water quality is consistently good, as indicated by compliance of monitoring samples, then the chance of detecting faecal coliforms in the occasional surveillance sample is remote. The sampling and analysis practices used in monitoring these zones should be thoroughly investigated. Details of these distribution zones are shown in Appendix 8.
36 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 7.1: Distribution zone surveillance in each health district
Distribution Zones under PHSP Surveillance
Surveillance of FAC Surveillance of FC No PHSP Total Health District Surveillance Zones FAC Tests Micro. Tests No. % No. % Zones Zones No. % Fail Zones Zones No.* % Fail DZ % Zones
Northland 231 30 13% 30 27% 91 39% 82 35% 139 60% Auckland 220 52 24% 1 100% 92 42% 55 24% 128 58% Waikato 186 35 19% 16 63% 44 24% 7 14% 127 68% Tauranga 55 13 24% 7 0% 33 60% 28 21% 22 40% Rotorua 95 37 39% 35 31% 77 81% 67 12% 17 18% Whakatane 41 10 24% 10 10% 37 90% 36 11% 4 10% Gisborne 60 0 0% 0 – 55 92% 55 25% 5 8% Taranaki 91 12 13% 12 17% 27 30% 27 26% 64 70% Hawkes Bay 110 2 2% 2 50% 26 24% 26 4% 83 75% Wanganui 51 17 33% 17 41% 35 69% 35 23% 16 31% Manawatu 87 0 0% 0 – 76 87% 60 17% 11 13% Wairarapa 29 0 0% 0 – 20 69% 2 0% 9 31% Hutt Valley 52 1 2% 0 – 42 81% 10 50% 9 17% Nelson 67 13 19% 13 23% 61 91% 54 19% 6 9% Marlborough 95 9 9% 9 44% 89 94% 89 51% 6 6% West Coast 59 6 10% 2 0% 21 36% 2 0% 38 64% Canterbury 237 20 8% 19 58% 116 49% 74 19% 118 50% S Canterbury 53 0 0% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 53 100% Otago 155 77 50% 77 48% 143 92% 143 22% 12 8% Southland 80 17 21% 17 82% 73 91% 73 22% 6 8% Total 2054 351 17% 267 41% 1158 56% 925 24% 873 43%
* Number of surveillance tests conducted during 2000
Surveillance undertaken by PHSPs indicated that a further 43 “compliant” zones did not comply with the required residual FAC concentration, although faecal coliforms were not detected in the water. There are two potential causes of the low reported FAC concentrations. One is that the tests carried out by the PHSP may be inaccurate; staff training and regular calibration of the test kits are needed to control this potential source of error. The other explanation is that FAC concentrations are too low in the zone. While low FAC is not demonstrative of microbiological failure, the absence of a chlorine residual in supplies that rely on chlorination to achieve microbiological compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 may be cause for concern. Details of distribution zones that were potentially aberrant in this respect are detailed in Appendix 8.
There are several aspects of sampling which can decrease the reliability of monitoring. • If the same sample point is always used (some parts of the distribution system can be worse than others). • If the sample is always collected at the same time (water quality may be poorer in times of reduced supervision such as at weekends). • If samples are only taken in fine weather (surface water quality often deteriorates after heavy rain).
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 37 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • If the sampling technique is poor, resulting in contaminated samples (ie. false positive results). • If the samples are inappropriately stored during transport to the laboratory (samples should be packed in a chilly bin with a slicker pad to maintain the sample in a chilled condition (but not frozen), protected from sunlight, and should ideally arrive at the laboratory within 6 hours and never more than 24 hours). • If inappropriate analysis methods are used (always use a laboratory that is on the Ministry of Health register).
Table 7.2: Summary of distribution zone surveillance by population band
Total Distribution Distribution Zones with PHSP Distribution Zones where PHSP Population Zones Surveillance Surveillance is the Only FC Testing Band No. Pop. No. of Zones Zone Population No. of Zones Zone Population
<500 1669 177,513 874 52% 106,816 60% 402 24% 30,799 17% 500–999 115 74,357 84 73% 55,738 75% 4 3% 2,243 3% 1000–4999 156 350,099 119 76% 272,242 78% 0 0% 0 0% 5000–19,999 74 668,937 68 92% 623,237 93% 0 0% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 31 998,450 27 87% 893,718 90% 0 0% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 4 275,300 4 100% 275,300 100% 0 0% 0 0% 100,000+ 5 786,500 5 100% 786,500 100% 0 0% 0 0% Total 2054 3,331,156 1181 57% 3,013,551 90% 406 20% 33,042 1%
Surveillance by PHSPs still provides some, albeit sparse, microbiological quality data for small supplies, as demonstrated by Table 7.2. Surveillance was conducted in 1181 (57%) of zones serving 90% of residents. The level of surveillance increased with increasing population band. Surveillance was conducted by PHSPs on all zones serving 50,000 or more residents during 2000.
Table 7.2 also shows that surveillance sampling provided the only microbiological data for 20% of all zones. This compares with 28% in 1999. On a population basis, over 33,000 people, or 1% of the total population, were supplied with drinking-water for which the only information on microbiological quality was derived from PHSP surveillance. As expected, this situation was more acute in zones with small populations and was confined to zones serving less than 1000 residents. This effect was worst in the <500 population band, where 17% of the population under surveillance fell into this category. As the size of the population of zones increased, the reliance on surveillance sampling decreased.
In the distribution zone, surveillance of both faecal coliforms and FAC was undertaken by PHSPs either by analysis sampling or audit of water supplier records. This information is summarised in Table 7.3.
As in previous years, analysis of surveillance samples for faecal coliforms was the predominant surveillance tool used in distribution zones. Surveillance testing detected faecal coliforms in 223 (24%) of the 925 zones in which surveillance testing was conducted. Surveillance of FAC was conducted in 267 zones and inadequate FAC was detected in 41% of those tested. As already indicated, most of the faecal coliform failures and low FAC concentrations occurred in zones supplying the smaller communities. However, surveillance testing detected faecal coliforms in three zones serving communities of 500 or more people and that complied with the faecal coliform requirement according to
38 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 the monitoring records. These were Levin (Horowhenua District Council), Methven Township (Ashburton District Council) and Pukawa (Taupo District Council).
Detection of faecal coliforms is indicative of treatment failure or post-treatment contamination. Failure to find a FAC residual in the distribution zone may indicate inadequate disinfection at the treatment plant or the need for boosted chlorination in the reticulation system, either of which may result in potential faecal contamination in the distribution zone. Furthermore, bacterial regrowth may be a problem in reticulation systems where FAC residuals are not maintained. An instance where faecal coliforms or low FAC are detected in the distribution zone should promptly lead to an immediate investigation and remedial corrective action.
Table 7.3: Methods used for distribution zone surveillance
Distribution Zones with FC Distribution Zones with FAC Zones with No Surveillance Surveillance PHSP Total Population Surveillance Zones Band No. Audit FC % FC Fail Audit FAC % FAC No. % Tests Tests Fail
<500 1669 863 749 29% 59 134 48% 795 48% 500–999 115 46 60 7% 22 44 41% 31 27% 1000–4999 156 73 74 4% 34 57 35% 37 24% 5000–19,999 74 52 27 0% 23 20 20% 6 8% 20,000–49,999 31 22 14 7% 14 12 33% 4 13% 50,000–99,999 4 4 1 0% 1 0 - 0 0% 100,000+ 5 5 0 - 3 0 - 0 0% Total 2054 1065 925 24% 156 267 41% 873 43%
7.2 PHSP surveillance of treatment plants
Surveillance of drinking-water treatment plants is summarised in Table 7.4.
Treatment plant monitoring and surveillance has been required since the beginning of 1996. Surveillance was carried out on 21% of treatment plants during 2000, which is only a slight improvement since 1999 when surveillance was carried out for 19% of plants.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 39 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 7.4: Summary of treatment plant surveillance by population band
TPs with PHSP surveillance PHSP surveillance only Total No. of Population Band TPs No. % TPs No. % TPs
< 500 1597 247 15% 152 10% 500–999 96 35 36% 16 17% 1000–4999 154 70 45% 15 10% 5000–19,999 67 35 52% 3 4% 20,000–49,999 29 8 28% 1 3% 50,000–99,999 15 14 93% 0 0% 100,000+ 10 6 60% 0 0% Total 1968 415 21% 187 10%
Table 7.5: Methods used for treatment plant surveillance
Treatment Plants with FC Treatment Plants with Treatment Plants with Turbidity Plants with No Total Surveillance FAC Surveillance Surveillance Surveillance Population Zones Band No. Audit FC % FC Audit FAC % FAC Audit Turbidity % Turbidity No. % Tests Fail Tests Fail Tests Fail
<500 1597 143 114 20% 34 10 30% 22 0 - 1350 85% 500–999 96 26 6 0% 13 6 17% 7 0 - 61 64% 1000–4999 154 62 11 9% 22 1 0% 17 1 0% 84 55% 5000–19,999 67 29 2 0% 21 1 100% 17 0 - 32 48% 20,000–49,999 29 8 0 - 4 2 0% 4 0 - 21 72% 50,000–99,999 15 14 0 - 5 0 - 2 0 - 1 7% 100,000+ 10 6 0 - 5 0 - 5 0 - 4 40% Total 1968 288 133 18% 104 20 25% 74 1 0% 1553 79%
Auditing of treatment plant records was the predominant surveillance tool used in treatment plants, particularly for the larger ones, with 15% and 5% of plants being audited for faecal coliforms and FAC respectively during 2000. However, faecal coliform analyses were conducted by PHSPs on 7% of the treatment plants in 2000. Of these, 18% were found to contain faecal coliforms. Of the 20 plants where FAC surveillance testing was conducted by the PHSP, 25% failed to meet the FAC requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. This is of concern if the portable FAC testing kits are being used correctly and the results can be trusted. This matter should be investigated further. Surveillance of turbidity was conducted in only 4% of treatment plants and, with one exception, was achieved by auditing rather than analysis.
7.3 Public health risk management plans
While monitoring and surveillance are important tools in water supply management, relying on them alone is of limited value. The detection of contaminants in water indicates that something has already gone wrong; consumers may already have been exposed to a microbiological or chemical hazard. A more proactive way of protecting public health is to stop the contaminating event in the first place. This is best achieved by the implementation of a quality assurance system for each drinking-water supply.
40 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 The use of risk management principles provides a greater certainty that the water being provided to the public is safe. This approach to water supply management leads water suppliers to look at what can possibly go wrong in a water supply, pinpoint what the causes of this event may be and having identified the possible causes, take actions to reduce the likelihood of the event occurring. Action plans to address the public health risks associated with water supplies are termed Public Health Risk Management Plans (PHRMPs). A proposed amendment to the Health Act is intended to introduce the requirement for water suppliers to establish PHRMPs for all registered water supplies.
The PHRMPs will need to take account of each element of the drinking-water supply system, from the source water to pre-treatment storage, water treatment, post-treatment storage and distribution. While it will be left to the water supplier to establish a PHRMP for each supply, the Ministry of Health has developed Public Health Risk Management Plan Guides (Guides) to assist in this task. Further details about the Guides can be obtained from Ministry of Health website (http//www.moh.govt.nz).
At present, the frequency and rigour of surveillance conducted by PHSPs is quite variable. To help standardise the auditing process, water supply assessment will include verification that PHRMPs have been prepared and properly implemented. It is intended that the assessors will be officers designated by the Director-General of Health and will have the following tasks: • Verification of the adequacy of the risk assessment, the risk management plans and the contingency plans prepared by water suppliers; • Verification of the implementation of the risk management plans; • Verification of competence of the operators in the sampling and field analysis; • Verification of data quality in WINZ, and management of the link between district and national WINZ; • Verification of compliance for drinking-water supplies with the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand. • Performance of public health grading of drinking-water supplies.
To ensure that assessors are competent and to provide national consistency in the way supplies are assessed, assessors are trained through the Water ITO (independent training organisation), and competence accredited by an internationally recognised conformance accreditation agency.
Recommendations
That zones which were reported as compliant by the water supplier but non- compliant by the PHSP should be thoroughly investigated and the cause determined. That, if FAC surveillance is reported at <0.2 mg/L then immediate faecal coliform analysis is conducted. That PHSPs ensure that FAC surveillance testing, including the suitability of the portable FAC kits used and training of operators, are subject to a quality assurance programme.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 41 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 8 Monitoring and Surveillance in Schools
Approximately one-third of the distribution zones in the Register are for school water supplies although this comprises only about 56,500 people or 1.7% of the population served by supplies listed in the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand (MoH 2000c). As schools comprise a significant proportion of supplies, particularly in the fewer than 500 population band, they are discussed separately. Table 8.1 summarises the monitoring and surveillance activity in school distribution zones in each health district. Further details for each school zone are given in Appendix 10.
Table 8.1: Monitoring and surveillance in distribution zones of school supplies
Registered School Zones Not Monitored or Monitored Samples FC Fail Surveyed in 2000 Health Monitored Fully FC Compliant District Total No. Average/ No. % No. % No. % No. % Total School
Northland 79 46 58% 10 13% 22 28% 27 47% 235 2.97 Auckland 68 21 31% 6 9% 14 21% 17 31% 194 2.85 Waikato 83 59 71% 22 27% 24 29% 18 31% 372 4.48 Tauranga 13 5 38% 1 8% 3 23% 1 10% 22 1.69 Rotorua 16 8 50% 7 44% 1 6% 2 13% 29 1.81 Whakatane 12 5 42% 0 0% 2 17% 1 10% 16 1.33 Gisborne 42 7 17% 3 7% 2 5% 12 30% 50 1.19 Taranaki 37 21 57% 0 0% 7 19% 11 37% 66 1.78 Hawkes Bay 59 18 31% 0 0% 31 53% 3 11% 60 1.02 Wanganui 21 11 52% 1 5% 5 24% 7 44% 30 1.43 Manawatu 42 15 36% 1 2% 1 2% 11 27% 60 1.43 Wairarapa 10 5 50% 2 20% 4 40% 0 0% 28 2.80 Hutt Valley 2 1 50% 0 0% 0 0% 1 50% 10 5.00 Nelson 20 20 100% 8 40% 0 0% 6 30% 187 9.35 Marlborough 13 5 38% 0 0% 0 0% 4 31% 9 0.69 West Coast 16 7 44% 0 0% 9 56% 4 57% 20 1.25 Canterbury 41 13 32% 3 7% 23 56% 1 6% 78 1.90 S. Canterbury 5 1 20% 0 0% 4 80% 0 0% 1 0.20 Otago 14 6 43% 4 29% 2 14% 2 17% 35 2.50 Southland 40 27 68% 15 38% 2 5% 11 29% 433 10.83 Total 633 301 48% 83 13% 156 25% 139 29% 1935 3.06
It is apparent that some PHSPs have put considerable effort into ensuring the school drinking-water supplies in their area are registered. However, comparison of the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand (MoH 2000c) and the Ministry of Education list of schools revealed 35 schools with their own water supplies that were unregistered. A total of 2147 children were enrolled at these schools as at 1 March 2001. Details of these schools are listed in Appendix 11 to assist PHSPs with their registration. The Ministry of Education advises that the requirement under the Building Act 1991, Building Code Clause G12 (Water Supplies) for all buildings to have a supply of potable water, is also a requirement of the Ministry of Education. Nevertheless, monitoring was neglected by over half the schools on their own drinking-water supplies in 2000. The Ministry of Education issued a Health and Safety Code of Practice for State Primary,
42 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Composite and Secondary Schools in November 1998, in which the following points were made: • The Board of Trustees is responsible for testing water supplies and notifying the Ministry of Education if the supply becomes unsafe. • The Ministry will be responsible for the costs of any capital upgrades to ensure a safe water supply. • Boards of Trustees are responsible for any minor upgrades, ongoing maintenance and operating costs of ensuring safe water supplies. This includes the costs of water testing.
This seems to have been fairly effective. According to the water treatment changes reported in this survey, drinking-water treatment systems were installed in 97 schools during 2000. These comprised the installation of chlorination and ozonation systems in seven and four schools respectively; the remaining 86 were ultraviolet (UV) treatment systems.
A circular has been developed to inform school principals and Boards of Trustees about the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995 (Appendix 13). This circular was sent to all schools in February 2000 so all principals and Boards of Trustees at schools with their own drinking- water supply have now been informed of the monitoring requirements.
During 2000, 301 (48%) of the registered school supplies were monitored at the distribution zone. This is a large improvement since 1999, when only 13% of schools were monitored. Of the schools that were monitored, 83 complied with the DWSNZ:1995. This represents a great improvement since 1999 when only eight schools fully complied.
During 2000, 1935 samples were collected by all schools for faecal coliform analysis. This is an overall average of just over three samples per school during the year, which is triple the rate of the previous year. While this is an improvement over the past year, water quality monitoring programmes in all schools with their own water supplies should be started. While just under half the schools carried out some bacteriological monitoring during 2000, only 83 were monitored at the appropriate frequency (ie. one sample per month for most schools with fewer than 500 children on the school roll).
PHSP surveillance testing was the only source of bacteriological water quality at 176 schools in 2000. It is unsatisfactory for schools to rely on one or two PHSP surveillance samples to gauge the quality of their drinking-water supply. Monitoring should be conducted in all school supplies. By combining the results of microbiological analysis of samples collected by both water suppliers and PHSPs, 29% of school drinking-water supplies were shown to be contaminated with faecal coliforms during 2000. In comparison, faecal coliforms were detected in water supplies to 170 of the 1689 (10%) schools connected to town water supplies. This is particularly worrying as it shows that the microbiological quality of school water supplies remains worse than that of the community at large.
The high incidence of faecal coliforms in school water supplies is probably due to the following factors: • Schools have a high proportion of roof water supplies (55%) compared with none for schools connected to community drinking-water supplies and there is a common belief that rainwater is pure. However, roof water samples frequently contain faecal coliforms, probably from animal and bird droppings.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 43 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • Many schools use UV treatment, which has a low compliance rate compared to other commonly used forms of water treatment. Many UV systems are poorly maintained, which contributes to their poor performance. This is exacerbated if the water is not filtered, since suspended particles reduce the ability of the UV to kill faecal coliforms and other bacteria and viruses that may be present. Also, most UV treatment systems are not effective against Cryptosporidium, which may be removed by filtration. Water must be filtered before being subject to UV treatment, and both the filter and the UV light need to be serviced regularly. It should be understood that UV treatment is not effective for some water supplies (see section 11).
As children are generally regarded as being more susceptible to infection than the general community, it is imperative that the problem of non-compliant school water supplies be addressed. Many schools do not have adequate treatment or monitoring. Those schools should therefore report the hazard to the Ministry of Education, who can then address the need for the school to adequately treat the school drinking-water supply to the standard required by the DWSNZ:2000.
It is likely that the greatly improved monitoring and compliance of school supplies was due to the circular to principals about the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. In addition, some PHSPs went to considerable effort to assist schools develop a suitable monitoring programme.
Health Waikato was particularly active in registering school supplies during 2000 and advising school authorities to establish adequate monitoring programmes. The increase from nought to 22 fully complying school zones in the Waikato health district since 1999 reflects this.
Crown Public Health should be commended for their attempts to draw the potential health risk resulting from inadequate operation and maintenance of water treatment systems at schools. To redress this situation, they held a series of workshops for schools throughout Canterbury and South Canterbury during 2000. Unfortunately, the attendance of representatives from only 28 of the 68 schools invited to attend indicates that a large degree of apathy regarding drinking-water quality by school authorities still exists.
It would probably be worth developing a follow-up information package for schools given the success of the one sent to schools last year. The main aim should be to encourage more schools of the need to monitor their drinking-water quality. However, the information also needs to be updated to outline the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000.
To improve the effectiveness of further information packages, it is probably worth reflecting on why the advice provided in the original circular was not acted upon by all schools on private water supplies. It is likely there were several reasons for this: • The original circular was misplaced before being acted upon and subsequently forgotten. • The school authorities considered that they were not able to afford to have the required number of samples tested. • Some schools may not be able to get samples to a suitable laboratory within 24 hours deadline due to poor courier service coverage or the absence of a registered laboratory in their region. • Schools that have no drinking-water treatment may not have been tested because they are unlikely to be able to comply consistently.
44 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • The minimum sampling requirements may have been misinterpreted in schools that monitored less often that the minimum required to demonstrate microbiological compliance. • The circular may have been ignored by school principals or boards of trustees, either due to apathy or a lack of appreciation of the severity of the possible health consequences following consumption of contaminated drinking-water.
It is suggested that another information package be developed for these schools to further encourage them to comply with the DWSNZ:2000.
Recommendations
That all schools check to see if they are on a town supply; those using non-town supply water and that are not presently registered should notify their local PHSP to be registered and develop a monitoring programme. That a schedule of maintenance be developed for all school UV-treatment systems. That another information package be developed for schools to update the information to the DWSNZ:2000.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 45 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 9 Private and Hospital Drinking-water Supplies
9.1 Private supplies
There were 550 distribution zones designated as private supplies in 1999 not including schools or hospitals. These were grouped into the following categories: • commercial accommodation (hotels, motor camps, holiday resorts, etc) • commercial premises where food is likely to be sold • other accommodation or premises (church camps, scout camps, etc) • camping grounds • industrial (freezing works, factories, sawmills, etc) • miscellaneous – including private town supplies, government premises and marae
The compliance status of these six different categories of private supplies are summarised in Table 9.1. Private school and hospital supplies are omitted from this table. Private school supplies have been discussed in the previous chapter and hospital supplies are considered separately below.
Table 9.1: Compliance of private supplies
Zones that Complied Category of private supply No. Pop. No. % Zones Pop. % Pop.
Commercial accommodation 164 10,934 7 4% 455 4% Commercial premises 78 26,133 9 12% 17,030 65% Other accommodation or premises 39 2675 6 15% 600 22% Camping grounds 58 5569 2 3% 74 1% Industrial 61 10,995 14 23% 3799 35% Miscellaneous 304 449,307 29 10% 418,639 93% Total private supplies 704 505,613 67 10% 440,597 87%
Only 10% of private zones complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995. However, this represents 87% of the population supplied by private supplies (excluding private school and hospital supplies). Only 4% of commercial premises that provided accommodation and that were not connected to town water supplies in 2000 complied with the DWSNZ:1995. The main cause of non-compliance was failure to undertake any microbiological monitoring. A similar cause of non-compliance was observed for other accommodation or premises, which showed a slightly higher compliance rate. Supplies for camping grounds fared worse with only 3% compliance in 2000. In contrast, over 90% of the people served by private commercial premises and miscellaneous drinking-water supplies complied with the DWSNZ:1995 in 2000. However, it should be noted that this represented only a small proportion of zones in these categories and the population figures were heavily skewed by the compliance of a few zones of high population in each of these categories.
46 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 It is important that facilities that provide food or drinking-water to patrons comply with the DWSNZ:1995. Faecally contaminated water in buildings used for community purposes presents a health risk to a substantially greater number of people than does contaminated water to single residential dwellings, particularly if the community buildings are used by people from outside the local area. A population which is exposed to a low level of micro- organisms over a long period may become tolerant or partially immune to local disease organisms and can drink water contaminated with these organisms with relative impunity. However, visitors from outside the community are less likely to be resistant to the disease organisms in the local water supply and will be at greater risk from the local diseases if they drink the contaminated water.
9.2 Hospital and health service supplies
During 2000 there were 13 water supplies to hospitals or health services whose water supply authorities were listed in the Register as either ‘Health’ or ‘Private’. Details of these supplies are listed in the following table.
Table 9.2: Supplies to hospitals / health services
Health Distribution Zone Pop. Compliance Water Supplier District
Northland Kaeo Hospital 40 Not monitored Whangaroa Health Trust Auckland Kingseat Hospital 200 Complied Tainui Auckland Waiheke Com.Hlth Care/St Johns 37 Not monitored Waiheke Health Trust Tairawhiti Te Puia Springs Hosp & Village 350 FC fail Ngati Porou Hauora Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay Hospital 2000 Inadequate samples Hawkes Bay Hospital Wanganui Lake Alice # 240 Not monitored Good Health Wanganui Nelson Ngawhatu Hospital 110 Complied Nelson-Marl. Health Serv. Canterbury Ashburton Hospital 200 Complied Canterbury Health Canterbury Christchurch Hospital 1200 Complied Canterbury Health Canterbury Pathology Building 400 Complied Canterbury Health Canterbury Princess Margaret Hospital 600 Complied Healthlink South Canterbury Sunnyside Hospital 300 Complied Healthlink South Canterbury Templeton Centre * 35 FC fail / inad. corr.action Healthlink South
* Hospital closed in March 2000. # Zone closed 1/6/00. Healthlink South became a part of Canterbury Health in August 2000 and is now called Canterbury District Health Board.
The overall compliance rates of hospitals to the DWSNZ:1995 has improved since 1999. Of the 13 hospitals that were not served entirely by town supply drinking-water, seven complied with the DWSNZ:1995. The Lake Alice hospital was closed in 2000 and the Templeton Centre was closed in March 2000. Of the hospital supplies that did not comply with the DWSNZ:1995, faecal coliforms were detected during monitoring of the Te Puia Springs Hospital supply. The drinking-water was not monitored at Kaeo Hospital and Waiheke Community Health Care / St Johns. The Hawkes Bay Hospital was connected to the city supply for five months during 2000 but did not monitor adequately during the period that they were using their own bore water supply.
Hospitals supplied with drinking-water that does not comply with the DWSNZ:1995 are placing their patients at greater risk of waterborne infection and should take immediate steps to remedy the situation.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 47 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
The drinking-water supply to Te Puia Springs Hospital has contained faecal coliforms again in 2000 despite having a similar result in 1999. The advice given in the previous report was for the hospital to take immediate corrective action to prevent further faecal contamination in the hospital’s water supply. The water treatment for this supply should be improved as a matter of priority.
The presence of faecal coliforms in water indicates that the water supply is contaminated with faecal material and that the treatment is ineffective. While faecal coliforms may not themselves cause disease, their presence means that other pathogens may not be removed by the water treatment system. The hospital is referred to some of the potential health consequences of using a contaminated drinking-water supply. This continued failure to provide compliant drinking-water warrants prompt investigation of this aspect of the hospital's quality system by an external agency and close surveillance of the hospital water quality by the PHSP until the problem is resolved.
Recommendations
That hospitals with water supplies that do not presently comply with the DWSNZ:1995 should immediately implement appropriate water treatment and/or monitoring to ensure future compliance.
48 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 10 Corrective Action
Section 3.5 of DWSNZ:1995 discusses the action that should be taken in the event of a transgression of a microbiological maximum acceptable value (MAV) in the distribution zone. The section states, ‘When transgression of the microbiological standards occurs there must be an immediate response. This should be documented in all cases.’ Although compliance with the standards is based on the gathering of data over a 12-month period, any results where faecal coliforms are detected must be acted upon immediately.
The DWSNZ:1995 also notes that a number of measures are available. Some of these, such as ‘Boil Water’ notices, are only intended to be temporary. They provide a measure of protection in an emergency situation and should not become a long-term solution. Corrective and remedial action should be continued until the problem is resolved and verified by demonstrating that 100 mL samples do not contain faecal coliforms for three consecutive days.
10.1 Responses to transgressions
Table 10.1 is a summary of all distribution zones in which a transgression was reported during 2000.
Table 10.1: Corrective action following distribution zone transgressions
Corrective action Transgressions Population Band Adequate Inadequate Unknown Unresolved Reported DZs % DZs % DZs % DZs %
<500 235 108 46% 78 33% 49 21% 101 43% 500–999 33 28 85% 4 12% 1 3% 26 79% 1000–4999 35 29 83% 4 11% 2 6% 27 77% 5000–19,999 14 12 86% 1 7% 1 7% 13 93% 20,000–49,999 5 5 100% 0 0% 0 0% 5 100% 50,000–99,999 3 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3 100% >100,000 2 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2 100% Total 327 187 57% 87 27% 53 16% 177 54%
Of the 327 zones in which transgressions were reported, 187 (57%) were dealt with appropriately and in a timely manner. The proportion of appropriate and effective corrective actions increased with increasing zone population, with fully adequate responses in all zones serving 20,000 or more people. This means that problems are dealt with at the larger plants better than the smaller ones, as expected. During 2000, 27% of zones that transgressed were reported to have received inadequate corrective action in that the corrective action was inappropriate, delayed or not carried out at all. Of these, the six zones serving 1000 or more people were Otaki (Kapiti Coast District Council), Ashley/Sefton Rural (Hurunui District Council), Hauraki Plains West (Hauraki District Council), Kaikoura Urban (Kaikoura District Council) and Clarks Beach (Franklin District Council). A further three zones in this population band, Kawerau and Upper Valley Road (Kawerau District Council) and Lyttelton Middle (Banks Peninsula District Council), along with a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 49 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 further 50 less populated zones, were unable to report if corrective action had been carried out or not.
There were occasions when the corrective actions listed were delayed rather than being an immediate response. This is inconsistent with the protection of public health. There were also numerous instances where HPOs were not aware of there being a transgression until the survey was completed (ie, incidents not reported by the water supplier to the PHSP). The DWSNZ:1995 requires transgressions to be reported immediately to the Medical Officer of Health.
Many of the zones in which inadequate or unknown corrective actions were reported noted that the cause of the transgression remained unresolved. Three of the 73 zones that fell into this category: supplied more than 1000 people. These were: Hauraki Plains West (Hauraki District Council), Kaikoura Urban (Kaikoura District Council) and Ashley/Sefton Rural (Hurunui District Council). It is not possible from the survey data to determine whether the causes of the transgression were not resolved or simply not documented. However, the detection of faecal coliforms requires: • immediate investigation to determine their source or the reason for their occurrence (eg, chlorinator breakdown, main break) • prompt action taken to remedy the problem • subsequent resampling to evaluate the effectiveness of the action.
The procedure in the event of a sample not meeting the microbiological criteria is discussed in the DWSNZ:1995. Effective investigation and corrective action is critical to the protection of the public from waterborne infections.
It is evident that compliance testing is being used as a means of detecting problems in the water treatment process instead of, as is preferable, a final check for compliance with the drinking-water standards. Water suppliers should aim to have a quality assurance system in place that gives early indication of problems before they become serious enough to become a hazard to health. To this end, the Ministry of Health will soon require all water suppliers to develop Public Health Risk Management Plans for all drinking-water supplies (see Section 7.3 of this report). For further information about quality assurance systems, refer to Chapter 3 of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Management for New Zealand (MoH 1995b).
It appears that lack of compliance may have prompted some water suppliers to install water treatment. However, supplies other than those using secure groundwater that are not presently treated will need to be if they are to comply in future.
10.2 ‘Boil Water’ notices
‘Boil Water’ notices were issued in 153 zones serving almost 92,000 people during 2000, which represents a decrease of about 50% since 1999. This included permanent ‘Boil Water’ notices that were reported in 54 supplies serving 5462 people (Appendix 9). It is recognised that may small supplies do not have treatment and the water quality in these supplies is likely to be contaminated. Customers served by these supplies should be informed of the need to boil water. Indeed, many water suppliers do take this responsible approach. However, the notification of a permanent ‘Boil Water’ notice should not be seen as a viable alternative to adequate drinking-water treatment, especially those operated by local authorities, which should have the resources to install adequate treatment. Eighteen of
50 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 the zones under permanent ‘Boil Water’ notice were operated by the following local authorities: Far North District Council, Thames Coromandel District Council, Hastings District Council, Wairoa District Council, Manawatu District Council, Masterton District Council, Tasman District Council, Marlborough District Council, Kaikoura District Council, Waitaki District Council and Queenstown Lakes District Council.
When ‘Boil Water’ notices are necessary, it is important to advise, by mail, the whole population within the distribution zone. Notices in the newspaper, telephone notification or radio announcements may be more appropriate for larger than smaller populations, and can be a very rapid method of notification, but omitting a mail notice will result in some residents being left out.
Recommendations
That water suppliers put in place risk management plans to detect problems or likely problems before they become a hazard to public health. That water suppliers notify all water quality transgressions to the PHSP immediately after they occur. That local authorities install adequate water treatment instead of resorting to permanent ‘Boil Water’ notices for LA-operated drinking-water supplies. That water suppliers undertake immediate corrective action in the event of a transgression and ensure they have response protocols in place for faecal coliform contamination of drinking-water supplies. That water suppliers who failed to take immediate and appropriate corrective action should review their corrective action procedures.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 51 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 11 Disinfection
Comparison of the data from the answer to question Q1 of the Treatment Plant questionnaire and the disinfectant fields in WINZ shows discrepancies for 1003 plants. In these instances, the information from the questionnaire has been taken as the more accurate because the data in WINZ may be several years old. However, it should be noted that the WINZ database will not be amended automatically from this survey; any amendments will need to be authorised by the appropriate PHSP. Since drinking-water supplies can change, it is important to register such changes as they occur. For the purposes of this discussion, if there was no record of disinfection treatment in WINZ and question Q1 on the Treatment Plant questionnaire was not answered, the plants were considered as receiving no disinfection.
11.1 The effect of disinfection status on microbiological quality
Table 11.1 provides an overview of the disinfection status of the treatment plants covered by this survey as they relate to microbiological quality. ‘Microbiological failure’ refers to plants that were monitored but failed to meet the microbiological criteria, whereas ‘microbiological non-compliance’ includes plants that were not monitored and those for which compliance data were not available.
Of the 1968 treatment plants, 866 (44%) were disinfected, an increase over the previous year. These plants supplied approximately 73% of the population, which is the same as in 1999. The remainder were supplied by plants that were not known to be disinfected.
Table 11.1: Disinfection status
Total Treatment Microbiological Microbiological Microbiological Plants * Compliance # Non-compliance # Failure # Disinfection Status No. % % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. TPs
Disinfected 866 44% 73% 168 19% 90% 698 81% 10% 117 14% 4% Untreated 1056 54% 26% 54 5% 30% 1002 95% 70% 45 4% 2% Unknown 46 2% 0.8% 1 2% 1% 45 98% 99% 2 4% 0.009% Total 1968 223 11% 88% 1700 86% 12% 162 8% 4%
* percentage of the total number of treatment plants or population # percentage of the number of treatment plants or population for that particular disinfection status
Disinfected plants showed a much greater proportion of microbiological compliance than those not disinfected, both in terms of the proportion of treatment plants and of population supplied. While this may appear self-evident in principle, it is never certain that the implementation of disinfection will result in improved water quality in practice, especially in small supplies where supervision is often minimal.
Tables 11.2 and 11.3 examine disinfection status and microbiological quality as a function of the population bracket of the treatment plant. Microbiological non-compliance includes treatment plants in which faecal coliforms were detected in water as it left the plant and those that were inadequately monitored. No account of Cryptosporidium compliance is
52 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 made here as parasite removal is largely achieved by physical removal rather than disinfection.
Table 11.2: Compliance of treatment plants with disinfection
Treatment Plants Faecal Coliform Faecal Coliform Faecal Coliform Population (Disinfected) Compliance Non-compliance Failure Band No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop.
<500 596 37% 47% 38 6% 12% 558 94% 88% 44 7% 13% 500–999 74 77% 78% 18 24% 26% 56 76% 74% 11 15% 14% 1000–4999 114 74% 76% 45 39% 39% 69 61% 61% 15 13% 12% 5000–19,999 50 75% 69% 37 74% 75% 13 26% 25% 2 4% 5% 20,000–49,999 13 45% 43% 13 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 12 80% 78% 10 83% 87% 2 17% 13% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 7 70% 83% 7 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Total 866 44% 73% 168 19% 90% 698 81% 10% 72 8% 2%
The proportion of treatment plants using disinfection that did not comply with the faecal coliform criteria generally declined as the population bracket increased. Of the 82 disinfected plants serving populations of 5000 and more people, 15 did not comply with the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. Most of these failed to monitor adequately although faecal coliforms were detected in two supplies as previously indicated Hickey and Waiuku (Franklin District Council). This is a slight improvement over the situation in 1999 when three plants fell into this category.
As with treatment plants that used disinfection, the compliance rate of the untreated plants increased with increasing population. Seven of the 39 treatment plants without disinfection that served populations of 5000 failed to comply microbiologically with the DWSNZ:1995. Faecal coliforms were detected in three of these: Middle Renwick Road and Eltham (Marlborough District Council) and Mosgiel (Dunedin City Council). This represents a decline since 1999 when there were no supplies of this size that failed due to faecal coliform contamination at the treatment plant.
The proportion of disinfected supplies that were found to contain faecal coliforms at some time during 2000 was higher that of those not disinfected. However, this effect was caused entirely by faecal coliforms in the plants serving less than 500 people. It is likely that this effect was caused by increased failure of treatment plants due to either inadequate disinfection or control, a situation that is not uncommon in small treatment plants.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 53 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Table 11.3: Compliance of treatment plants without disinfection
Treatment Plants Faecal Coliform Faecal Coliform Non- Faecal Coliform Failure (Untreated) Compliance compliance Population Band No. % TPs % No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. No. % TPs % Pop. Pop.
<500 1001 63% 52% 16 2% 4% 984 98% 96% 28 3% 5% 500–999 22 23% 22% 0 0% 0% 22 100% 100% 7 32% 34% 1000–4999 40 26% 24% 7 18% 14% 33 83% 86% 10 25% 41% 5000–19,999 17 25% 31% 12 71% 66% 5 29% 34% 1 6% 5% 20,000–49,999 16 55% 53% 14 88% 93% 2 13% 7% 2 13% 7% 50,000–99,999 3 20% 22% 3 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 3 30% 17% 3 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Total 1102 56% 26% 55 5% 84% 1046 95% 16% 48 4% 6%
Groundwater sources were used in 11 out of 13 of treatment plants serving communities of more than 1000 people with untreated drinking-water in which faecal coliforms were detected during 2000. Seven of these: Murupara and Te Teko Plant (Whakatane District Council), Eltham Road2 and Middle Renwick Road (Marlborough District Council), Alexandra Bore and Waihou River Spring (South Waikato District Council) and Ruamahanga (South Wairarapa District Council), considered the source to be secure groundwater but had not verified this. It is possible that the water suppliers considered that the groundwater did not require treatment because it was groundwater. However, a groundwater that is contaminated with faecal coliforms is obviously not from a secure aquifer. The water supplier may need to consider disinfection of the groundwater if compliance cannot be achieved with improved management.
11.2 Methods of disinfection
Question Q1 of the Treatment Plant questionnaire sought information about the form of disinfection used in the plant based on the information held in the WINZ database and asked that any changes to this be noted.
The distribution of communities in different population bands supplied with drinking-water treated using various disinfection methods is shown in Table 11.4.
2 The Eltham Road treatment plant was decommissioned in 2001.
54 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
Table 11.4: Disinfection methods used for different population bands
Chlorinated Ozonated UV treated Untreated secure g/w Population Band No. % % No. % % Pop. No. % % No. % % TPs Pop. TPs TPs Pop. TPs Pop.
<500 252 16% 0.7% 13 0.8% 0.03% 335 21% 0.4% 14 1% 0.05% 500–999 65 68% 0.7% 0 0% 0% 9 9% 0.1% 0 0% 0% 1000–4999 106 69% 4% 0 0% 0% 8 5% 0.2% 5 3% 0.1% 5000–19,999 50 75% 6% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 12 18% 2% 20,000–49,999 13 45% 7% 1 3% 0.4% 0 0% 0% 12 41% 8% 50,000–99,999 12 80% 12% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 3 20% 3% 100,000+ 7 70% 41% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 3 30% 8% Total 505 26% 72% 14 0.7% 0.5% 352 18% 0.7% 49 2% 22%
A total of 505 or 26% of all treatment plants serving 72% of the population used chlorine during 2000, which makes it the most widely used disinfection method for drinking-water in New Zealand. The use of chlorine to treat drinking-water has remained unchanged since 1999. Most treatment plants serving communities of 500 or more people used chlorine to treat the drinking-water supply. However, chlorination was not so common in smaller plants, with only 16% of communities of <500 being supplied with chlorinated water.
The next most popular disinfection method was UV treatment, which was used in 352 treatment plants. The large increase in the number of plants using UV treatment that occurred in 1999 also occurred in 2000. This was mainly caused by the installation of UV- treatment systems in schools, of which there were 194 reported by the end of 2000. However, UV was only used in treatment plants supplying small populations and was not used as a means of water treatment for communities of 5000 and more people.
The number of plants using ozone treatment increased by six to 14 during 2000. Extraction of groundwater from a secure aquifer was the only form of treatment in 49 (2%) of plants, including several large community supplies.
The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) disinfection was reported in three treatment plants in the 1999 survey. However, subsequent investigation has revealed that each of these plants used chlorination and not ClO2. No plants were recorded as using ClO2 during 2000.
In terms of the proportion of the population covered by this survey, 72% were supplied with chlorinated water, 22% from secure aquifers, 5% received no treatment and 0.7% received drinking-water that was treated by each of UV or ozone.
Table 11.5 presents an overview of the effectiveness of disinfection systems in the treatment plants covered by the survey. Of the 1968 treatment plants surveyed, 1102 (73%) received no disinfection treatment. Of these, 50 supplies were drawn from secure groundwater sources. A further 506 (27%) were chlorinated, UV light was used in 264 (14%) plants, ozone was used in eight plants and chlorine dioxide was used in three plants. In summary, 93% of total population was supplied with water that was either chlorinated or extracted from secure groundwater sources.
The number of secure groundwater supplies has decreased from 73 to 61 during the past year, although this corresponded to an increase of 2% in the proportion of the population supplied from secure groundwater sources. The reduction in secure groundwater supplies
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 55 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 was largely due to the increased awareness of the requirements for the determination of secure status by water suppliers and HPOs.
Table 11.5: Effectiveness of disinfection methods
Total Treatment Plants Microbiological Microbiological Faecal Coliform Compliance Non-compliance Failure Method of Disinfection No. % % No. % % No. % % No. % % TPs* Pop.* TPs# Pop.# TPs# Pop.# TPs# Pop.#
Chlorinated 505 26% 72% 165 33% 91% 340 67% 9% 58 11% 1% Ozonated 14 0.7% 0.5% 2 14% 95% 12 86% 5% 1 7% 0.3% UV treated 352 18% 1% 3 0.9% 0.3% 349 99.1% 99.7% 14 4% 9% untreated secure g/w 49 2% 22% 46 94% 99.9% 3 6% 0.08% 0 0% 0% untreated other 1052 53% 5% 9 1% 3% 1043 99% 100% 47 4% 6% Total 1968 224 11% 88% 1747 89% 12% 72 4% 1% * % of the total number of treatment plants or population # % of the number of treatment plants or population for that particular disinfection status
Table 11.5 also indicates microbiological compliance, microbiological non-compliance and faecal coliform failure for each method of disinfection. ‘Faecal coliform failure’ refers to plants in which faecal coliforms have been detected, whereas ‘microbiological non- compliance’ also included plants that could not demonstrate adequate monitoring.
Compliance differs widely for the different types of treatment. Of the 49 supplies for which extraction of groundwater from a secure aquifer was the only form of treatment, only 46 were demonstrated to be secure. In population terms, 99.9% of people with a secure groundwater supply received drinking-water that complied with the faecal coliform standard. The three supplies that did not comply technically with the secure groundwater criteria were inadequately monitored in 2000. However, microbiological compliance of secure groundwater supplies compared favourably to other forms of treatment. Compliance was achieved by 33% of chlorinated supplies. This is equivalent to 91% compliance for the population that received chlorinated drinking-water in 2000. Compliance was achieved two of the 14 ozonated supplies although this represented 95% of the population supplied by ozonated supplies. In comparison, compliance was achieved in only three of the 352 UV- treated supplies which represented 0.3% of the population served by UV treatment plants. Non-compliance of UV-treated supplies was mostly caused by failure to monitor for faecal coliforms, although faecal coliforms were detected in seven of the 11 UV-treated supplies that were monitored during the year.
Water supplies that were neither treated nor extracted from secure groundwater sources comprised 53% of supplies, although this category of water was used to supply only 5% of the population. Non-compliance mostly due to a lack of monitoring in the predominantly small communities. Only 8 (1%) of these supplies were reported to comply with the DWSNZ:1995, these being: Ngunguru Retirement Village (Northland), Arapuni (Waikato), Kaiteriteri (Nelson), Andrew Street, Bomford Street and Riverlands Industrial Estate (Marlborough), Grey-Runanga (West Coast) and Pathology Building (Canterbury). It is likely that the supplies in this category that complied were misreported either in terms of compliance or treatment and should be investigated. In the case of Bomford Street and Riverlands Industrial Estate, investigation by the PHSP has resolved that the results are correct and that the supplies are likely to be secure groundwaters but the validation of their secure status has yet to be completed.
Table 11.6 shows the compliance of treatment plants that used each disinfection method for different population bands. The numbers of compliant plants are then presented as a
56 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 percentage of the total number of plants using some form of disinfection for that population band.
Table 11.6: Disinfection methods by population band in complying treatment plants
Chlorinated UV-treated Ozonated Untreated Secure No or Unknown Population Groundwater Treatment Band No. Compliant No. Compliant No. Compliant No. Compliant No. Compliant
<500 35 14% 3 0.9% 1 8% 11 79% 5 0.5% 500–999 18 28% 0 0% 0 - 0 - 0 0% 1000–4999 45 42% 0 0% 0 - 5 100% 2 6% 5000–19,999 37 74% 0 - 0 - 12 100% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 13 100% 0 - 1 100% 12 100% 2 50% 50,000–99,999 10 83% 0 - 0 - 3 100% 0 - 100,000+ 7 100% 0 - 0 - 3 100% 0 - Total 165 33% 3 0.9% 2 14% 46 94% 9 0.9%
Ozone or UV treatment can provide good disinfection when operated properly in the treatment of water of satisfactory physical quality. However, care should be taken when selecting treatments that do not provide residual disinfection, particularly where post- treatment contamination is likely or known to occur or in those with aged or lengthy reticulation systems, which are prone to bio-fouling. Even before the reticulated water quality is considered, suppliers must take greater care with implementation of the disinfection process. Ultraviolet treatment systems were installed by some water suppliers for reasons of cost and convenience at the possible expense of effective microbiological treatment. The water supplier must understand the importance of regular maintenance and operational checks if any protection is to be gained from UV treatment. As UV treatment is particularly susceptible to failure in turbid or coloured water, careful consideration should be given before installing ultraviolet systems for surface water sources that can sometimes have poor physical condition. This is particularly pertinent for schools, many of which have recently installed UV-treatment.
There are several causes of disinfection failure: • inappropriate type of disinfection system • ineffective control system • inadequate control/supervision/maintenance.
Unlike most other disinfectants, UV-treatment does not leave a residual disinfectant in the water. Consequently, there is nothing to inhibit bacterial regrowth in the reticulation system or to protect against micro-organisms if the water supply is susceptible to post- treatment contamination.
There are several types of disinfectant dosing systems. Some types offer better control of the disinfection process than others.
The best protection is offered by the automatic dosing systems that analyse the residual disinfectant downstream of the dosing point and adjust the disinfectant dose rate to maintain a constant residual concentration. In chlorinated systems these are known as ‘continuous free available chlorine monitors’. These systems adjust for water flow and variable water quality.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 57 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
Flow proportional systems administer disinfectant at a rate proportional to the water flow through the treatment plant. However, they do not compensate for the extra disinfectant demand caused by poor water quality, such as might be expected after heavy rain when river turbidity levels increase. Consequently, they afford little protection against microbiological contamination at the times when it is likely to be at its worst.
Constant dose systems apply disinfectant at a constant rate. This results in fluctuations in disinfectant concentration with varying water flows through the treatment plant and offers the least protection when the water usage is highest. As with flow proportional systems, these afford little protection against microbiological contamination at the times when it is likely to be at its worst.
Sporadic or hand dosing offers little protection. It is generally used in circumstances when water quality is known to be poor, such as in a surface water supply during heavy rain. While this practice is likely to offer some protection during these events, there is no protection at other times when microbiological contamination may and frequently does occur without obvious indication of contamination.
Recommendations
That water suppliers advise the PHSPs of changes to water supply and treatment when they occur so that WINZ can be amended accordingly. That water treatment in plants that do not comply with the microbiological criteria, particularly those supplying larger communities, be reviewed by the local authorities/water suppliers and improved to comply with the DWSNZ:2000. That the management of groundwater supplies that fail the faecal coliform compliance criteria be reviewed and, where appropriate, the water disinfected and the supply regraded. That a study of the factors adversely affecting the microbiological quality of UV- treated drinking-water in New Zealand is undertaken to allow advice to be given to water suppliers as to when UV treatment is suitable for a supply. That water suppliers implement quality assurance programmes on their water treatment, distribution, control and maintenance operations.
58 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 12 The Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000
On 1 January 2001, the DWSNZ:1995 were replaced by the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 (DWSNZ:2000). One of the consequences of this is that the next Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand will assess compliance of water supplies in 2001 against the requirements specified in the DWSNZ:2000. Local Authorities and water suppliers should note that it is no longer applicable to refer to the DWSNZ:1995, which are now defunct. This should be particularly noted by those Local Authorities which, as recently as 1999, still referred to the New Zealand Drinking-Water Standards (1984) in their annual plans long after that standard had been replaced by the DWSNZ:1995.
The following section has been included in this report to summarise the differences between the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 that are most pertinent to microbiological compliance. These are included to assist Local Authorities and water suppliers understand some of the ramifications of the new standards. However, it should be noted that, because some amendments to the DWSNZ:2000 have been mooted, this discussion may be incomplete and is not intended as a substitute for thorough reading of the new standards.
12.1 Some of the implications to microbiological compliance of the DWSNZ:2000
The main bacterial indicator of faecal contamination has been changed from faecal coliforms to E. coli. This change has little consequence for water suppliers, however, because the DWSNZ:1995 allowed E. coli to be used in place of faecal coliforms anyway and the 2000 Standards will allow monitoring of faecal coliforms or total coliforms instead of E. coli.
However, the change in the referee methods used for drinking-water compliance testing will have implications for the laboratories. The new referee methods are specified in Section 11.1.1 of the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 and are as follows:
E. coli: Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test (APHA 9223 B) • Presence / Absence • Multi-Well MPN (Quantitray) • MPN (multiple tube technique) Faecal coliforms: Multiple tube fermentation (APHA 9221 E) Total coliforms: Multiple tube fermentation (APHA 9221 B)
Laboratories wishing to use other methods for drinking-water compliance testing after 1 January 2001 will have to calibrate their methods against one of the referee methods listed above before this date. However, some methods may have already been validated, so they will need to check with the Ministry of Health first to see if their method has already been calibrated against one of the referee methods.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 59 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 The minimum frequencies of compliance sampling has also changed. Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 specifies the minimum sampling frequencies for E. coli for water leaving the treatment plant. These frequencies specify the number of samples to be taken per quarter (3 months) to fit in with the WINZ requirement for compiling the data on a quarterly basis. The changes to the minimum sampling requirements for various types of supplies have been modified: • Secure groundwater supplies – reduced to 1/quarter after initial 12/year provided the groundwater remains E. coli-free; • Supplies* serving fewer than 500 people – minimum sampling reduced from 1/week to 3/quarter (1/month); • Non-chlorinated supplies* serving 501-5,000 people – minimum sampling reduced from 2/week to 13/quarter (1/week); • Chlorinated supplies* serving 501-5,000 people – minimum sampling reduced from 1/week to 10/quarter; • Supplies* serving more than 10,000 people that are not fully chlorinated – minimum sampling increased from 2/week to 92/quarter (daily). • Supplies serving less than 100 people in one to three buildings and that have only a short reticulation system (e.g. most school supplies) are exempt from E. coli testing in water leaving the treatment plant.
The sampling requirement has become more prescriptive in that Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 also specifies the maximum interval between successive samples and also the minimum number of days of the week on which sampling is to be conducted (i.e. 3 days per week means that samples must not all be taken on Mondays, for example, but on at least three different days during the quarter).
The maximum interval between successive samples and the minimum number of days of the week on which sampling is to be conducted in the distribution zone is specified in Table 3.2b of the DWSNZ:2000. The minimum sampling frequency in the distribution zone is largely unchanged.
The new Standards refer to Protozoa instead of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Giardia compliance has been removed from the new Standards, which focuses on Cryptosporidium. The rationale for this is that any treatment that will kill or remove Cryptosporidium will also remove Giardia, making the old Giardia compliance criteria superfluous.
As with the previous Standards, protozoa compliance is dependent on the type of treatment, but the protozoa compliance requirements have been generally tightened up:
• Filtration without coagulation – the filtration process must now be validated by demonstrating a 4-log removal of particles in the 3–15µm size range; • Coagulation – turbidity monitoring is unchanged but the stringency has increased. The 95th percentile limit of 0.5 NTU will drop to 0.1 NTU in 2005 and the maximum turbidity spike will drop from 1.0 NTU to 0.5 NTU at the same time;
* Secure groundwater supplies are exempt from these requirements
60 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 • Disinfection without filtration – chlorination is no longer acceptable for protozoa compliance. The C.t values for ozone and chlorine dioxide are now temperature- dependent (see Table 13.1 of the DWSNZ:2000).
The criteria for the demonstration of groundwater security has also been revised. The new requirements are that the supply must: • have a secure well-head; • be able to demonstrate an absence of E. coli in 12 consecutive monthly samples and maintain a sampling programme to demonstrate continued compliance with the E. coli requirement, and either; • demonstrate that less than 0.005% of the water shall have been present in the aquifer for less than one year (using the tritium and/or CFC methods), or; • demonstrate that variations in the groundwater characteristics shall not exceed a coefficient of variation of more than: 3.0% in conductivity or; 4.0% in chloride concentration or; 2.5% in nitrate concentration (by standardised variance) when measured 12 times at regular intervals for 1 – 3 years.
More emphasis has been placed on quality assurance in the new standards. External calibration of equipment used to monitor water treatment processes (e.g. particle counters, turbidity meters, chlorine/ozone/chlorine dioxide analysers etc) is now specified.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 61 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 13 References
Board of Health. 1984. Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand. Board of Health, Wellington. Millar JA and Hasell SK. 1994. Systematic Microbiological Surveillance of Drinking- water for 1992 and 1993. Report FW94/7. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd. Ministry of Education. 1998. Health and Safety Code of Practice for State Primary, Composite and Secondary Schools. Ministry of Health. 1995a. Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 1995. Ministry of Health. Wellington.* Ministry of Health. 1995b. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Management for New Zealand. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Ministry of Health. 1996. Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 1995. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Ministry of Health. 1997. Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1996. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Ministry of Health. 1998. Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1997. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Ministry of Health. 1999. Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1998. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Ministry of Health. 2000a. Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1999. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Ministry of Health. 2000b. Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000. Ministry of Health. Wellington. ** Ministry of Health. 2000c. Register of Community Drinking-water Supplies in New Zealand. 2000 Edition. Ministry of Health. Wellington. Nokes CJ. 1995. Systematic Microbiological Surveillance of Drinking-water for 1994. Report FW95/30. Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd. QAS. 2001. Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories. 8th edition (March 2001). Quality Assurance Services Pty Ltd. Auckland. www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasfull.nsf/AllHOTP/4C2567EF00247C6ACC256 A3E0003A575?OpenDocument * Referred to in the text as DWSNZ:1995. ** Referred to in the text as DWSNZ:2000.
62 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 1: Drinking-water microbiology questionnaires
Survey of Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in the Distribution Zone January - December 2000
Distribution Zone (DZ): ** DZ Code: ** Community supplied: ** Registered zone population: ** Local Auth. ** Water Supplier: ** PHSP: ** HPO Signature:……………………….……… Date:……………… Water supply officer:…………………………………….Signature:…………………………………. Date:………….…… Signature of water supply officer required only if section A is completed independent of the HPO. P1 Is the zone population listed above correct? (tick one box and go to A1) Yes No (update the registered zone population to: …………………… ) Section A Water Supplier Monitoring in the Distribution Zone A1 Does this supply experience significant seasonal population swings? (tick one box and go to A2) Yes Peak population: ………………… Months: ……………………………….. No If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 was not in place for the whole year, answer questions A2–A8 for the part of the year after it was implemented. Free available chlorine (FAC) monitoring used as partial replacement for faecal coliform (FC) * monitoring A2 Was FAC monitoring used as a partial replacement for faecal coliforms during 2000? (tick one box only) Yes. (go to A3) No. (go to A5) A3 Did the frequency of FAC monitoring comply with the requirements (Table 3.3 of DWSNZ:1995) during 2000? Yes No or not documented (tick one box and go to A4) A4 Did the FAC level comply with the requirements? (ie. all FAC >=0.2 mg/L, all pH<8, turbidity < 0.5 NTU) Yes No or not documented (tick one box and go to A5)
Monitoring of faecal coliforms *(or coliforms or E. coli if used in place of faecal coliforms) A5 Did the water supplier conduct any faecal coliform* monitoring during 2000? (tick one box only) No (go to A11) Yes, by a laboratory in the MoH register (name laboratory) ……………………………………….. (go to A6) Yes, by a laboratory not on the MoH register (go to A6) A6 How many routine monitoring samples were tested for FC* during 2000? …………………… (go to A7) A7 Did the sampling frequency comply with the DWSNZ:1995 during 2000? (go to A8) Yes No A8 Did any samples contain faecal coliforms*? (tick one box only) No (go to A11) Yes How many? …………………………… (go to A9)
Corrective action (for all of 2000) A9 Was immediate remedial corrective action taken in the event of all transgressions? (see Section 3.5 and Figure 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995) (tick one box only) Yes, immediate corrective action carried out in accordance with Fig 3.2 (DWSNZ:1995) (go to A10) No, remedial corrective action was delayed or not carried out in accordance with Fig 3.2 (go to A10) Not known - this information was not recorded (go to A11)
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 63 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 A10 Were all remedial corrective actions successful? (tick one box only and go to A11) Yes No or not documented A11 Were any “Boil Water” notices issued for this zone in 2000? (tick one box only and go to A12) No Yes, one or more temporary “Boil Water” notices were issued during 2000 Yes, this zone was subject to a permanent “Boil Water” notice in 2000
DZ Code ………………
(The remainder of the questionnaire is to be completed by the Health Protection Officer only)
A12 Did both sampling and results in the distribution zone comply with the DWSNZ:1995? (tick one box only) Yes, for the entire year (go to B1) Yes, after ……….… (month) when sampling frequency met the requirements of DWSNZ:1995 (go to B1) No (go to A13) A13 What was the main reason for non-compliance? (tick the first appropriate box only and go to B1) Corrective actions not done / too few / too slow (see A9) Faecal coliforms in >2% of samples (see A6 and A8) No monitoring conducted in 2000 (see A5) Insufficient samples taken (see A7) Analysis carried out in a non-registered laboratory (see A5) The period between successive samples was too long Other (please specify): ……………………………………………………………………………………………...
Section B PHSP Surveillance of the Distribution Zone
B1 Was PHSP surveillance (sampling / auditing) conducted in the distribution zone during 2000? Yes (go to B2) No (End) B2 How was surveillance conducted on FAC during 2000? (tick appropriate boxes and go to B3) Audit of FAC records FAC testing No. of tests ……….…. No. of samples where FAC was < 0.2 mg/L ……….. No surveillance of FAC B3 How was surveillance conducted on faecal coliforms* during 2000? Audit of FC records FC* sampling No. of tests ……….……. No. of transgressions ……….. No surveillance of FC
64 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Survey of Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in the Water Treatment Plant January - December 2000 Treatment Plant (TP): ** TP Code: ** Main Community supplied:** Population: ** Local Auth. ** Water Supplier: ** PHSP: ** HPO Signature:……………………….…… Date:………………
Water supply officer:………………………….Signature:………………………………… Date:……………… Signature of water supply officer required only if section C is completed independent of the HPO. Q1 Please certify that the method of disinfection is correct by ticking the box or, if incorrect, please add or amend. Disinfection method used: ** correct amend to ………………………….. Q2 Does the water supplier have in place a monitoring programme to demonstrate microbiological compliance of the treatment plant with the DWSNZ:1995? (tick one box only and go to C1) Before 2000 During 2000 What month was it put in place? …………………… see note below # No compliance monitoring in place Not known # If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 was not in place for the whole year, answer section C for the part of the year after it was implemented. Section C Water Supplier Monitoring of the Treatment Plant / Source Water
Method used to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 C1 Is the water supplier attempting to demonstrate compliance? (tick one box) Yes, using continuous FAC monitoring (go to C2) Yes, using faecal coliform monitoring (go to C3) No, the supplier did some monitoring but not enough to demonstrate compliance (go to C3) No, the water supplier did not undertake any monitoring during 2000 (go to C7)
Continuous FAC monitoring C2 Did the water supply comply with the continuous FAC monitoring requirements (FAC >= 0.2 mg/L, pH < 8, turbidity < 0.5 NTU, contact time >=30 min, down time less than 1 hour/week) during 2000? (tick one box and go to C3) Yes No or not documented
Monitoring of faecal coliforms *(or coliforms or E. coli if used in place of faecal coliforms) C3 Did the water supplier conduct any faecal coliform* monitoring of water leaving the treatment plant during 2000? No (go to C7) Yes, by a laboratory in the MoH register (name laboratory)…………………………………….. (go to C4) Yes, by a laboratory not on the MoH register (go to C4) C4 How many samples were tested for FC* during 2000? …………………… (go to C5) C5 Did the sampling frequency comply with table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995 during 2000? (tick one box and go to C6) Yes No C6 How many of these samples contained faecal coliforms*? …………………… (go to C7)
Water source C7 Is the water source entirely groundwater? (tick one box) Yes (go to C8) No (go to C10) C8 Has it been confirmed that this water supply is entirely extracted from a secure groundwater source? (tick one box) Yes, with appropriate records demonstrating this as per the DWSNZ:1995 (go to C9) No, the water supplier considers this is secure groundwater but has no records to verify this (go to C10) No, this supply is not wholly from a secure groundwater source (go to C10) C9 Which methods have been used to demonstrate groundwater security? (tick appropriate boxes and go to C10) Demonstrated absence of faecal coliforms* in the groundwater over a 12 month period Secure well head
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 65 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Demonstrated that there are no significant and rapid shifts in characteristics (eg. nitrate, conductivity or ………….chloride) that closely correlate to climatological, surface water conditions or land use practices Demonstration that the groundwater has been in the aquifer for over 12 months
TP Code ………………
Giardia/Cryptosporidium removal C10 How was water treated during 2000 to remove Giardia / Cryptosporidium? (tick appropriate boxes and go to C11) Water extracted entirely from a secure groundwater source Filtration using membrane/cartridge filter (please specify pore size): ….…………………... (absolute / nominal) Slow sand / DE filtration Chemical coagulation followed by filtration (including rapid sand filtration) Disinfection using ozone Disinfection using chlorine dioxide Disinfection of Giardia using chlorine No Giardia / Cryptosporidium treatment C11 Did water treatment comply with the Cryptosporidium removal criteria during 2000? [For compliance criteria, refer to pps 21-23 of the Drinking-Water Standards:1995] (tick one box and go to C12) Yes, it fully complied all year Partially: it complied for part of year (fully complied after which month):……………………………….. No, it did not comply due to inadequate monitoring, water treatment or treatment failure
(The remainder of the questionnaire is to be completed by the Health Protection Officer only)
C12 Did both sampling and results of water leaving the treatment plant comply with the DWSNZ:1995? see note below# (tick appropriate boxes and go to D1) Fully complied with the criteria for faecal coliforms* Fully complied with the criteria for Cryptosporidium Did not comply with any of the above criteria # If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 was not in place for the whole year, answer question C12 for the part of the year after it was implemented. Section D PHSP Surveillance of the Water Treatment Plant
D1 Was PHSP surveillance (sampling / auditing) for this water treatment plant conducted during 2000? Yes (go to D2) No (End)
D2 How was surveillance conducted for FAC/other disinfectants during 2000? (tick appropriate boxes and go to D3) Audit of disinfection records FAC testing No. of tests ……….…. No. of samples where FAC was < 0.2 mg/L ……….. No surveillance of disinfection
D3 How was surveillance conducted for faecal coliforms* during 2000? (tick appropriate boxes and go to D4) Audit of FC records FC testing No. of tests ……….……. No. of transgressions ……….. No surveillance of FC*
D4 How was surveillance conducted for turbidity during 2000? Audit of turbidity records Turbidity testing No. of tests ……….… No. of samples where turbidity was > 0.5 NTU ……….. No surveillance of turbidity
66 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
Appendix 2: Notes to the 2000 annual survey of the microbiological quality of drinking-water
The 2000 Drinking-Water Microbiology survey again comprises distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires. The format is very similar to the 1999 questionnaire and can be conducted using the MicroSurvey module of WINZ. The paper copy of the questionnaire can be used where you wish to get the water supplier to fill in the questionnaire. The following instructions are provided as guidance for you as you complete the questionnaire. Please note that the questionnaire is based on compliance with the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand 1995 (DWSNZ:1995). Compliance against the new drinking-water standards (DWSNZ:2000) will not be required until 1 January 2001.
NB: If you have entered your sampling data and results into WINZ then you can save yourself some time by making sure that all four compliance quarters have been completed for each distribution zone and treatment plant. Where all four compliance quarters have been done, this questionnaire will be automatically updated with the sampling data. This will save you the trouble of entering these data manually.
Please follow the navigation, which is given in brackets on the right hand side opposite each question of the paper forms. Failure to observe the navigation directions may result in you wasting time on questions that are of no consequence. This problem is avoided by the electronic version where the navigation is automatic.
Please make every attempt to ensure that the data you collect in this survey is accurate as the ensuing annual report may be used to formulate health policy. For example, Cabinet has directed: (1) the Ministry of Health to convene a working party to monitor and evaluate the impact on local communities of the new drinking-water legislation during the five year based-in period and report back annually to Cabinet Social Policy and Health Committee on those supplies not complying with the new legislation; the reasons for their non-compliance and actions taken to effect the compliance. (2) The annual report on the microbiological quality of drinking-water in New Zealand will form the basis of the Ministry’s annual report for the years from 2001 onwards.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 67 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 DISTRIBUTION ZONE QUESTIONNAIRE
Each form contains a header that contains the following information from WINZ: • Distribution Zone name • Zone code • Community supplied (the main one if this zone supplies more than one community) • Zone population • Local authority area • Name of the water supplier • Name of the Public Health Service Provider
The header box also contains spaces for the HPO to sign and date the form, which is to be filled out by the HPO responsible for the form. If the form is given to the water supplier to complete some or all of the monitoring information (Section A) then the water supplier is to also sign and date in the spaces provided.
The first question is to check that the zone population in the Register (shown on the header section) is correct. P1 Is the zone population listed above correct? Yes No (update the registered zone population to: ……………………) If the registered population is correct, tick yes. If this population is not correct, tick no and enter the actual population in the space provided. (Please note that a change in population here will be transferred automatically to WINZ.)
Section A Water supplier monitoring in the distribution zone during 2000.
A1 Does this supply experience significant seasonal population swings? Yes Peak population: ………………… Months: ………………………… No If the supply has significant seasonal fluctuations in population, tick yes and enter the peak population in the space provided and list the months that the population served by supply was above the normal population (eg. Dec-Mar). If the population does not vary much during the year, tick no. If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 was not in place for the whole year, answer questions A2–A8 for the part of the year after it was implemented.
The above instruction is included so that recognition can be given to supplies in which the monitoring was improved during 2000. For example, a supply serving 3,000 people that was taking only monthly samples until June but then began weekly sampling as required by the DWSNZ:1995 can be marked as complying with the monitoring requirements at A7 and the month (June) when the appropriate sampling frequency commenced will be entered at A12. A2 Was FAC monitoring used as a partial replacement for faecal coliforms during 2000? Yes No Tick yes if FAC monitoring was conducted by the water supplier in the zone for the purposes of reducing number of faecal coliform samples required (in line with Table 3.3 of the DWSNZ:1995). Tick no if either no FAC monitoring was conducted in the zone or if the number of faecal coliform samples was less than the minimum specified in Table 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995.
A3 Did the frequency of FAC monitoring comply with the requirements (Table 3.3 of DWSNZ:1995) during 2000? Yes No or not documented
68 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 For supplies that used FAC monitoring in the zone to reduce the faecal coliform monitoring, the minimum number of FAC samples is specified in Table 3.3 of the DWSNZ:1995. Tick accordingly.
A4 Did the FAC level comply with the requirements? (ie. all FAC >=0.2 mg/L, all pH<8, turbidity < 0.5 NTU) Yes No or not documented For supplies that used FAC monitoring in the zone to reduce the faecal coliform monitoring, FAC compliance is only achieved if the FAC, pH and turbidity results all comply with the specifications listed in Section 3.3.2.2 part 2(b) of the DWSNZ:1995 for at least 98% of the time. If it does and is documented, tick yes; otherwise tick no.
Questions A5 to A8 of the questionnaire deals with the faecal coliform monitoring conducted in the distribution zone during 2000. If E. coli was monitored instead of faecal coliforms then substitute the E. coli results for the faecal coliform results for the remainder of Section A. Similarly, if only total coliform results are available, substitute the total coliform results for the faecal coliform results for the remainder of Section A. A5 Did the water supplier conduct any faecal coliform monitoring during 2000? No Yes, by a laboratory in the MoH register (name laboratory) ………………… Yes, by a laboratory not on the MoH register Tick no if no faecal coliform (or total coliform or E. coli) monitoring was conducted on water in the zone during 2000. Otherwise tick one of the yes boxes depending on whether or not the analyses were conducted by a laboratory on the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories, which are the only ones accredited to undertake drinking-water microbiological compliance testing. The name of the laboratory is to be written in the space provided. Select from the drop-down list of registered laboratories if using the MicroSurvey module of WINZ or the appended excerpt from the latest Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories if you are using the paper questionnaire. If the water supplier used more than one laboratory to do their microbiological analyses during 2000, indicate the name of the laboratory currently used. Please note that some laboratories on this list are not registered for microbiological tests; a tick will appear to the left of the box for those that are registered for microbiological analyses.
A6 How many routine monitoring samples were tested for FC* during 2000? ……… Insert the total number of zone samples monitored during 2000 for faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli) here. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Otherwise, these data will need to be entered manually. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 69 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 A7 Did the sampling frequency comply with the DWSNZ:1995 during 2000? Yes No The answer to this question is dependent on the zone population and the number of monitoring samples (as per A6). If you are entering the data electronically, the minimum number of samples required for compliance is indicated to the left of the box for the answer to the previous question. The frequency requirement for distribution zone monitoring can be found in Table 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995 for those using the paper questionnaire.
A8 Did any samples contain faecal coliforms*? No Yes How many? …………………………… Tick no if faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli - if used in place of faecal coliforms) were not detected. Otherwise, tick yes and note the number of samples that contained faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli - if used in place of faecal coliforms) in the space provided. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.
The next part of the questionnaire deals with corrective actions conducted during 2000. A9 Was immediate remedial corrective action taken in the event of all transgressions? (see Section 3.5 and Figure 3.2 of the DWSNZ:1995) Yes, immediate corrective action carried out in accordance with Fig 3.2 (DWSNZ:1995) No, remedial corrective action was delayed or not carried out in accordance with Fig 3.2 Not known - this information was not recorded If a sample transgresses the DWSNZ:1995 (ie. contains faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli - if used in place of faecal coliforms), then the procedure outlined in Section 3.5.1.2 of the DWSNZ:1995 should be carried out by the water supplier. Tick yes if this procedure has been carried out correctly and in a timely manner after each and every transgression. Tick no if remedial corrective action was delayed or not carried out in accordance with Fig 3.2. Tick not known if you cannot determine from water supplier records what or when corrective action was carried out, or there are no records to verify the detail of the corrective action.
A10 Were all remedial corrective actions successful? Yes No or not documented Tick yes if the cause of the transgression was determined and resolved then the remedial corrective action is considered to be successful. Tick no or not documented if the cause of the transgression was not determined and resolved, or not documented.
70 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 A11 Were any “Boil Water” notices issued for this zone in 2000? No Yes, one or more temporary “Boil Water” notices were issued during 2000 Yes, this zone was subject to a permanent “Boil Water” notice in 2000 Tick no if there were no boil water notices issued during 2000. If there were any “Boil Water” notices issued for this zone in 2000, indicate whether they were temporary or permanently applied during 2000. If the distribution zone ceased to be used as a community supply during 2000, then the zone needs to be deactivated. This is done by ticking the Supply is closed box at the bottom of the screen and entering the date at which the supply was closed. This information will be transferred to WINZ and will serve as official notification by the water supplier of supply closure if this has not otherwise been notified. This question does not appear on the paper questionnaire.
The remaining questions on the distribution zone questionnaire must be completed by the HPO and not the water supplier. This section is entitled “Audit” for those who are using the electronic version of the questionnaire, and is only accessible to HPOs and not to water suppliers. A12 Did both sampling and results in the distribution zone comply with the DWSNZ:1995? Yes, for the entire year Yes, after ………... (month) when the sampling frequency complied with the requirements of DWSNZ:1995 No Question A12 must be completed out by the HPO and not the water supplier. Tick the first option if the zone fully complied in 2000. Tick the second option compliance was achieved after some point in 2000 when the sampling frequency was increased to the required frequency, and indicate the month after which the sampling frequency complied with the DWSNZ:1995. Similarly, if testing was not carried out all year in a laboratory on the MoH list of registered laboratories but used a non-registered laboratory in the first part of the year, then tick the second option and indicate the month after which the registered laboratory was used. Tick the third option if the zone did not comply. The answer to A12 is normally calculated from the previous questions; in particular, the zone population, the frequency and results of faecal coliform monitoring and, if undertaken, the conduct of any corrective actions carried out. However, this question is included to give the HPO some discretion. For example, in a supply serving 3,000 people where a weekly faecal coliform sample is required (i.e. 52 samples / year), if only 51 samples were collected in 2000 then the monitoring frequency is deemed inadequate. (Indeed, WINZ will score this zone as non-compliant). However, if you, as HPO, determine that there were extenuating circumstances why the other sample was not taken, (e.g. the final sample of the year was broken in transit to the laboratory) this question gives you the discretion to tick the zone as compliant. However, please use your discretion sparingly (and note your reasons for doing so in the surveillance notes field of the MicroSurvey module of WINZ). Failure to collect enough samples should normally result in non-compliance. For example, if the same zone missed a weekly sample earlier in the year, the water supplier could (and should) have taken an extra sample soon afterwards; failure to notice that one was missing implies that the water supplier’s quality system is deficient. There is also a temptation to blame the occasional poor result on sampling error. This should not be accepted as an excuse as it is virtually impossible to demonstrate and in addition, a sampler who can contaminate the sample indicates poor training.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 71 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
A13 What was the main reason for non-compliance? Corrective actions not done / too few / too slow (see A9) Faecal coliforms in >2% of samples (see A6 and A8) No monitoring conducted in 2000 (see A5) Insufficient samples taken (see A7) Analysis carried out in a non-registered laboratory (see A5) The period between successive samples was too long Other (please specify): ………………………………………………………………….. Note the reason for non-compliance from the following options. These are listed in priority order, so tick the first (uppermost) appropriate response. These options are located in a drop-down list for those using the MicroSurvey module of WINZ.
Section B examines PHSP surveillance of the distribution zone. B1 Was PHSP surveillance (sampling / auditing) conducted in the distribution zone during 2000? Yes No If surveillance was carried out in the zone by or on behalf of the PHSP during 2000 (i.e. by taking surveillance samples or auditing, but not including this survey), tick yes. Otherwise, tick no.
B2 How was surveillance conducted on FAC during 2000? Audit of FAC records FAC testing No. of tests ….. No. of samples where FAC was <0.2 mg/L ….. No surveillance of FAC Tick the appropriate boxes. Tick both of the first two boxes if both auditing and surveillance sampling was carried out in 2000. If FAC surveillance testing was carried out, note the number of samples tested and the number that contained less than 0.2 mg/L FAC. This information will be in WINZ provided results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. However, check that you have completed all four compliance quarters or you may get incorrect information.
B3 How was surveillance conducted on faecal coliforms* during 2000? Audit of FC records FC* sampling No. of tests ……….……. No. of transgressions ……….. No surveillance of FC Tick the appropriate box. If both auditing and surveillance sampling was carried out in 2000, tick both of the first two boxes. If faecal coliform surveillance testing was carried out, note the number of samples tested and the number that transgressed. This information will be in WINZ provided results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. However, check that you have completed all four compliance quarters or you may get incorrect information.
72 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 TREATMENT PLANT QUESTIONNAIRE
Each form contains a header that contains the following information from WINZ: • Treatment Plant name • TP code • Community supplied (the main one if this zone supplies more than one community) • Population of the main community supplied • Local authority area • Name of the water supplier • Name of the Public Health Service Provider.
The header box also contains spaces for the HPO to sign and date the form, which is to be filled out by the HPO responsible for the form. If the form is given to the water supplier to complete some or all of the monitoring information (Section C) then the water supplier is to also sign and date in the spaces provided.
Section C contains the monitoring details undertaken by the water supplier during 2000. Q1 Please certify that the method of disinfection is correct by ticking the box or, if incorrect, please add or amend. Disinfection method used: ** correct amend to ……………………. ** This will already show the method of disinfection as shown in WINZ. If it is correct, tick correct. If incorrect, tick amend to and specify the method of disinfection used.
Q2 Does the water supplier have in place a monitoring programme to demonstrate microbiological compliance of the treatment plant with the DWSNZ:1995? Before 2000 During 2000 What month was it put in place? …………………… No compliance monitoring in place Not known This question is asking about the compliance monitoring programme that the water supplier needs to demonstrate microbiological compliance with the DWSNZ:1995. By compliance monitoring we mean a testing programme that intends to demonstrate compliance (i.e. the water supplier considered that the sampling programme was adequate and enough samples tested for faecal coliforms, FAC to satisfy the sampling requirements of the DWSNZ:1995) and not just a token number of samples that does not attempt to take the sampling frequency requirements of the DWSNZ:1995 into account. Tick the first box if the water supplier has conducted compliance monitoring throughout 2000. Tick the second box and indicate the month initiated if compliance monitoring was initiated during 2000 #. Tick the third box there was no monitoring or that the monitoring programme was obviously inadequate to demonstrate compliance.
# If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 was not in place for the whole year, answer section C for the part of the year after it was implemented. The above instruction is included because we do not wish to discourage water suppliers by failing those who have initiated a compliance monitoring programme during the year. So where, for example, a treatment plant began the year with an inadequate frequency of samples but say in July the water supplier increased sampling frequency to at least that specified in the DWSNZ:1995, then treat the plant as complying with respect to frequency for Section C (the pertinent questions being C2, C5 and C12). Please note that this concession is not to be applied to the results of monitoring (i.e. if faecal coliforms are detected or the concentration of FAC is too low in the early part of the year, the plant does not comply).
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 73 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 C1 Is the water supplier attempting to demonstrate compliance? Yes, using continuous FAC monitoring Yes, using faecal coliform monitoring No, the supplier did some monitoring but not enough to demonstrate compliance No, the water supplier did not undertake any monitoring during 2000 Indicate how the treatment plant was monitored to demonstrate compliance. Continuous FAC (cFAC) measurement is normally an option in large treatment plants, so if the cFAC option is marked for a small community, please check that it does use cFAC. Continuous FAC monitoring is exactly that – continuous. Hourly or daily samples are not enough. In the rare event that both cFAC and faecal coliform monitoring are both conducted, please tick the cFAC option only (the faecal coliform details will be picked up later in the questionnaire). If samples were tested but there was an obvious deficiency in the monitoring frequency, tick the third box. If no monitoring was carried out in 2000, tick the fourth box.
C2 Did the water supply comply with the continuous FAC monitoring requirements (FAC >= 0.2 mg/L, pH < 8, turbidity < 0.5 NTU, contact time >=30 min, down time less than 1 hour/week) during 2000? Yes No or not documented This will require a detailed appraisal of the FAC records by the water supplier/HPO. Tick yes if FAC is monitored continuously and it complies with the above conditions. Tick no or not documented if records are inadequate.
The next part of the questionnaire deals with the faecal coliform monitoring of water leaving the treatment plant during 2000. If E. coli was monitored instead of faecal coliforms then substitute the E. coli results for the faecal coliform results for the remainder of Section C. Similarly, if only total coliform results are available, substitute the total coliform results for the faecal coliform results for the remainder of Section C.
C3 Did the water supplier conduct any faecal coliform monitoring of water leaving the treatment plant during 2000? No Yes, by a laboratory in the MoH register (name laboratory)………………….. Yes, by a laboratory not on the MoH register Tick no if no faecal coliform (or total coliform or E. coli) monitoring was conducted on water in the zone during 2000. Otherwise tick one of the yes boxes depending on whether or not the analyses were conducted by a laboratory on the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories, which are the only ones accredited to undertake drinking-water microbiological compliance testing. The name of the laboratory is to be written in the space provided. Select from the drop-down list of registered laboratories if using the MicroSurvey module of WINZ or the appended excerpt from the latest Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories if you are using the paper questionnaire. If the water supplier used more than one laboratory to do their microbiological analyses during 2000, indicate the name of the laboratory currently used. Please note that some laboratories on this list are not registered for microbiological tests; a tick will appear to the left of the box for those that are registered for microbiological analyses.
C4 How many samples were tested for FC during 2000? …………………… Insert the number of treatment plant samples monitored for faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli) here. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.
74 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
C5 Did the sampling frequency comply with table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995 during 2000? Yes No The frequency requirement for treatment plant monitoring can be found in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995.
In the past, note 3 of Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995 has caused some confusion to water suppliers. This refers to a concession given to supplies serving fewer than 500 people that states that “treatment plant sampling can be conducted in the distribution zone if it is more convenient, provided that sampling is conducted at the frequency specified and that no faecal coliforms are found”. Where this option has been used, the sample should be collected from the first draw-off point in the distribution system and the sampling frequency for the treatment plant must be at least that specified in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:1995 (i.e. weekly for all surface water and non-secure groundwater supplies). It does not mean using the distribution zone sampling frequency and it does not mean taking one sample and counting it for both zone and plant monitoring. (If the latter was done in 2000 it is suggested that these samples be counted as zone samples and not plant samples because a monthly sample can enable zone compliance but not plant compliance).
C6 How many of these samples contained faecal coliforms? …………………… Indicate the number of routine monitoring samples that were found to contain faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli - if used in place of faecal coliforms) in the space provided. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.
The next part of the questionnaire deals with the water source. C7 Is the water source entirely groundwater? Yes No Tick yes if all of the water comes from a bore or well. Tick no if some or all of the water comes from roof water or surface water (i.e. stream, river, lake, reservoir or spring). C8 Has it been confirmed that this water supply is entirely extracted from a secure groundwater source? Yes, with appropriate records demonstrating this as per the DWSNZ:1995 No, the water supplier considers this is secure groundwater but has no records to verify this No, this supply is not wholly from a secure groundwater source Tick the first option if the entire water supply comes from a secure groundwater source as defined in the notes to Table 3.1 on page 19 of the DWSNZ:1995. Tick the second option if the water supplier considers the groundwater to be secure but cannot demonstrate it. Tick the third option if the groundwater is not considered to be secure by the water supplier.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 75 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 C9 Which methods have been used to demonstrate groundwater security? demonstrated absence of faecal coliforms* in the groundwater over a 12 month period secure well head demonstration that there are no significant and rapid shifts in characteristics (eg. nitrate, conductivity, or chloride) that closely correlate to climatological, surface water conditions or land use practices demonstration that the groundwater has been in the aquifer for over 12 months Tick the first option if the supply has been tested for faecal coliforms (or total coliforms or E. coli - if used in place of faecal coliforms) on a monthly basis for at least 12 consecutive months with negative results for all samples. The presence of faecal indicator bacteria in the groundwater means it is not a secure supply. Once the above testing has demonstrated the absence of faecal indicator bacteria over a 12-month period, monitoring can be reduced to every second month. However, the first option should not be marked if the water supplier fails to maintain the minimum sampling frequency or if faecal indicator bacteria are detected in the supply within the past 12 months. Tick the second option if the well head is secure. The measures needed to demonstrate a secure well head are defined on page 47 of the DWSNZ:1995 as: • a sealed pumping and piping system including backflow prevention devices • seals between the well casing, pipework and surrounding ground • restrictions on any potentially contaminating land use or activity in the vicinity of the well head. Tick the third option if variables such as conductivity, or nitrate or chloride concentrations are monitored and found not to closely correlate to climatological, surface water conditions or land use practices. Tick the fourth option if it has ever been demonstrated that the groundwater has been in the aquifer for over 12 months. For more information about the assessment of groundwater security refer to the Investigation into secure groundwater supplies that was sent by the MoH to HPOs on 8 June 2000. For the purposes of this survey, the groundwater is considered secure if the requirements for options 1 and 2 and either of the other two options are satisfied.
76 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 The next part of the questionnaire deals with the effectiveness of water treatment to remove or kill Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
C10 How was water treated during 2000 to remove Giardia and Cryptosporidium Water extracted entirely from a secure groundwater source Filtration using membrane/cartridge filter (please specify the pore size): ………………...(absolute / nominal) Slow sand / DE filtration Chemical coagulation followed by filtration (including rapid sand filtration) Disinfection using ozone Disinfection using chlorine dioxide Disinfection of Giardia using chlorine No Giardia / Cryptosporidium treatment This question is asking how the water is treated for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Tick the first option only if the water supply is demonstrated to have been secure in 2000. Do not tick this option if the water supplier considers it to be secure but cannot demonstrate its security according to the DWSNZ:1995. Tick the second choice if a membrane or cartridge filter has been fitted to the supply throughout 2000. Specify the pore size of the filter in the space provided and signify whether the pore size quoted is absolute or nominal—failure to do so will nullify this response. Tick the third option if the water is treated using either slow sand filtration or diatomaceous earth filtration. Please note that slow sand filtration uses a shallow filter with no filter nozzles and incorporates a biologically active slime layer called a schmutzdecke to filter water at a rate of about 0.2 m/hr (cf. 5-15 m/hr for rapid sand filters); very few exist in New Zealand. Tick the fourth option for plants that use a combination of coagulation (flocculation) and filtration but only if the water leaving the treatment plant is monitored for turbidity. Tick the fifth option if the water is treated with ozone to kill Cryptosporidium. Tick the sixth option if the water is treated with chlorine dioxide to kill Cryptosporidium. Tick the seventh option if the water is treated with chlorine to kill Giardia. Tick the eighth option (none) if none of the above methods of Giardia / Cryptosporidium treatment were used during 2000.
C11 Did water treatment comply with the Cryptosporidium removal criteria during 2000? [For compliance criteria, refer to pps 21-23 of the Drinking-Water Standards:1995] Yes, it fully complied all year Partially: it complied for part of year (fully complied after which month):……………………………….. No, it did not comply due to inadequate monitoring, water treatment or treatment failure This question asks the Cryptosporidium compliance status of the treatment plant during 2000. To answer this question you will need to take account of the options marked for question C10 above. The Cryptosporidium compliance criterion was met if: 1. the water was extracted from a verified secure groundwater source; 2. water was passed through a membrane or cartridge filter with pore size of not more than 5 µm absolute or 1 µm nominal; 3. water was treated using either slow sand filtration or diatomaceous earth filtration and it can be demonstrated that at least 99.99% of particles of 3–15 µm were removed by the process; 4. water was treated using coagulation (flocculation) and filtration and the water leaving the treatment plant was adequately monitored for turbidity (see Table 3.4 of the DWSNZ:1995) and that the plant did not exceed the turbidity specifications defined in 3.3.3.1(b) of the DWSNZ:1995. It will not comply if the turbidity was not adequately monitored or if it exceeded 0.5 NTU for 5% or more of the time or if sudden increases of more than 0.2 NTU occurred during any ten minute period;
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 77 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 5. water was treated using ozone with a C.t value of equal or greater than that prescribed in Table 12.8 of the DWSNZ:1995; 6. water was treated using chlorine dioxide with a C.t value of equal or greater than that prescribed in Table 12.8 of the DWSNZ:1995. Note that treatment options 7 or 8 (of question C10) will not remove or kill Cryptosporidium. If any of the following options for question C10 were marked: 1, 3, 4, 7 or 2 (if the minimum particle size specified was equal or smaller than 1 µm nominal or 5 µm absolute), then the water treatment was sufficient to remove or inactivate Cryptosporidium. Tick the first option if any of the above six Cryptosporidium compliance criteria were achieved for the whole of 2000. Tick the second option if any of the above six Cryptosporidium compliance criteria were achieved after some point in 2000, and indicate the month after which the present treatment was instigated. Tick the third option if the treatment plant did not comply with the Cryptosporidium removal criteria. If the distribution zone ceased to be used as a community supply during 2000, then the zone needs to be deactivated. This is done by ticking the Supply is closed box at the bottom of the screen and entering the date at which the supply was closed. This information will be transferred to WINZ and will serve as official notification by the water supplier of supply closure if this has not otherwise been notified. This question does not appear on the paper questionnaire.
The remaining questions on the treatment plant questionnaire must be completed by the HPO and not the water supplier. This section is entitled “Audit” for those who are using the electronic version of the questionnaire, and is only accessible to HPOs and not to water suppliers. C12 Did both sampling and results of water leaving the treatment plant comply with the DWSNZ:1995? see note below# Fully complied with the criteria for faecal coliforms Fully complied with the criteria for Cryptosporidium Did not comply with any of the above criteria # If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:1995 was not in place for the whole year, answer question C12 for the part of the year after it was implemented. The answer to C12 is normally calculated from the previous questions; in particular, the population supplied, the adequacy of cFAC monitoring (if used), the frequency and results of faecal coliform monitoring and the adequacy of Cryptosporidium treatment. However, this question is included to give the HPO some discretion. For example, in a supply serving 3,000 people where a weekly faecal coliform sample is required (i.e. 52 samples / year), if only 51 samples were collected during 2000 then the monitoring frequency is deemed inadequate. (Indeed, WINZ will tick this plant as non-compliant). However, if you, as HPO, determine that there were extenuating circumstances why the other sample was not taken, (e.g. the final sample of the year was broken in transit to the laboratory) this question gives you the discretion to tick the plant as compliant. However, please use your discretion sparingly (and note your reasons for doing so in the surveillance notes field of the MicroSurvey module of WINZ). Failure to collect enough samples should normally result in non- compliance. For example, if the same plant missed a weekly sample earlier in the year, the water supplier could (and should) have taken an extra sample soon afterwards; failure to notice that one was missing implies that the water supplier’s quality system is deficient. There is also a temptation to blame the occasional poor result on sampling error. This should not be accepted as an excuse as it is virtually impossible to demonstrate and in addition, a sampler who can contaminate the sample indicates poor training.
78 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Section D examines PHSP surveillance of the treatment plant. D1 Was PHSP surveillance (sampling / auditing) conducted in the treatment plant during 2000? Yes No Tick yes if surveillance was carried out in the plant by or on behalf of the PHSP during 2000 (i.e. by taking surveillance samples or auditing, but not including this survey which does not qualify as an audit). Tick no if treatment plant surveillance was not carried out.
D2 How was surveillance conducted on FAC/other disinfectants during 2000? Audit of disinfection records FAC testing No. of tests..….No. of samples where FAC was <0.2 mg/L … No surveillance of disinfection Tick the appropriate boxes. If both auditing and surveillance sampling was carried out in 2000, tick both of the first two boxes. If FAC surveillance testing was carried out, note the number of samples tested and the number that contained less than 0.2 mg/L FAC. This information will be in WINZ provided results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. However, check that you have completed all four compliance quarters or you may get incorrect information.
D3 How was surveillance conducted on faecal coliforms during 2000? Audit of FC records FC sampling No. of tests ………. No. of transgressions ……….. No surveillance of FC Tick the appropriate boxes. If both auditing and surveillance sampling was carried out in 2000, tick both of the first two boxes. If faecal coliform surveillance testing was carried out, note the number of samples tested and the number that exceeded 0.5 NTU turbidity. This information will be in WINZ provided results have been entered for the 2000 calendar year. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. However, check that you have completed all four compliance quarters or you may get incorrect information.
D4 How was surveillance conducted for turbidity during 2000? Audit of turbidity records Turbidity testing No. of tests …… No. of samples where turbidity was >0.5 NTU …… No surveillance of turbidity Tick the appropriate box. If both auditing and surveillance sampling was carried out in 2000, tick both of the first two boxes. If turbidity surveillance testing was carried out, note the number of samples tested and the number that transgressed.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 79 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 3: Drinking-water standards for New Zealand:1995
A3.1 General microbiological criteria
Drinking-water complies with the Standards if:
Microbiological criterion 1 The sampling and analytical procedures comply with the requirements of these Standards.
Microbiological criterion 2 The procedures under Section 3.5: “Action to be taken when transgression of the microbiological MAV occurs” is followed and the action taken is documented.
A3.2 Faecal coliforms
Faecal coliform compliance is assessed on the results of sampling over a 12-month period and requires that a drinking-water supply meets the two faecal coliform compliance criteria given below. The same criteria apply to total coliforms or to E. coli if these are used as alternative indicator organisms.
A3.2.1 Faecal coliform compliance criteria for drinking-water leaving a treatment plant
Faecal coliform criterion 1 Drinking-water complies with the Standards if: either 1(a) no faecal coliforms are detectable in any 100 mL sample of drinking-water leaving the treatment plant sampled at the frequency specified in Table 3.1 or 1(b) free available chlorine is monitored continuously in drinking-water leaving the treatment plant and is maintained at least 0.2 mg/L free available chlorine at a pH less than 8.0 and turbidity less than 0.5 NTU with a minimum contact time of 30 minutes and a down-time of less than 1 hour per week.
A3.2.2 Faecal coliform compliance criteria for drinking-water in a distribution zone
Faecal coliform compliance criterion 2 Drinking-water complies with the Standards if: either 2(a) at least 98% of samples taken in the distribution zone at the frequency specified in Table 3.2 contain no faecal coliforms in 100 mL or 2(b) when free available chlorine measurements are used as a partial substitute for faecal coliform monitoring in the distribution zone, samples taken at the frequency specified in Table 3.3 all contain more than 0.2 mg/L free
80 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 available chlorine at a pH less than 8.0 and turbidity less than 0.5 NTU is maintained at least 0.2 mg/L of free available chlorine at a pH less than 8.0 and turbidity less than 0.5 NTU And at least 98% of the faecal coliform samples taken in the distribution zone contain no faecal coliforms in 100 mL.
A3.3 Microbiological sampling frequencies
A3.3.1 Faecal coliforms in drinking-water leaving a treatment plant Table A3.1 Minimum recommended sampling frequency for faecal coliforms in drinking-water leaving a treatment plant
Supply type Faecal coliform minimum monitoring frequency
All surface and non-secure None required if continuous free available chlorine groundwater supplies serving more concentration is being monitored; is not less than than 100,000 people 0.2 mg/L after a contact time of not less than 30 min at a pH less than 8.0 and turbidity less than 0.5 NTU. Otherwise daily.
Chlorinated surface and non-secure None required if continuous free available chlorine groundwater supplies serving 500– concentration is being monitored; is not less than 100,000 people 0.2 mg/L at a pH less than 8.0 and turbidity is less than 0.5 NTU after a contact time of not less than 30 min. Otherwise weekly.
All non-chlorinated surface and non- Twice weekly. secure groundwater supplies serving 500–100,000 people
All surface and non-secure Weekly. groundwater supplies serving fewer than 500 people
Secure groundwater (regardless of Monthly. This may be reduced to every second month population) after 12 successive samples have shown zero faecal coliforms.
A3.3.2 Faecal coliforms in distribution zone Table A3.2 Minimum recommended sampling frequency for faecal coliforms in drinking-water in a distribution zone
Population serviced1 Minimum number of samples to be collected2
Less than 500 1 per month
500–5000 1 per week
5000–100,000 1 per week + 1 per month for each additional 5000 above 5000
100,000+ 6 per week + 1 per month for each additional 10,000 above 10,000
1 This must take seasonal fluctuations into account. 2 Testing is to be carried out on different days throughout the week and must give a representative geographical coverage of the distribution zone.
A3.3.3 Free available chlorine and faecal coliforms in a distribution zone Faecal coliform compliance criterion 2(b) (partial substitution by free available chlorine)
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 81 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Free available chlorine monitoring may be substituted for up to 75% of the faecal coliform tests required provided that at least four free available chlorine tests are performed for each faecal coliform test omitted and chlorine monitoring is carried out daily.
The number of free available chlorine and faecal coliform tests needed is calculated from the formulae: Number of free available = 0.75 x (number of faecal coliform tests required if chlorine tests substitution with free available chlorine testing is done) x 4 Number of faecal coliform = 0.25 x (number of faecal coliform tests required if tests substitution with free available chlorine testing is done)
Table A3.3 Approximate minimum sampling frequency for faecal coliforms and free available chlorine in a distribution zone
Population Approximate number of faecal Number of samples per month if free served in coliform samples required per available chlorine testing is partially the month if no substitution with free substituted for faecal coliform testing distribution available chlorine testing is done zone (from Table 3.2) Faecal coliform Free available samples 1,2 chlorine samples 2,3
0–30,000 3 9 3 27
40,000 11 3 33
50,000 13 4 39
60,000 15 4 45
70,000 17 5 51
80,000 19 5 57
90,000 21 6 63
100,000 23 6 69
1 Results of the calculations rounded up to nearest whole number. 2 Testing is to be carried out regularly throughout the week and must give a representative geographical coverage of the distribution zone. 3 See notes which follow.
Table 3.3 provides the results of calculations for a range of distribution zone populations rounded up to the nearest whole number.
Any interpolations to the table should be rounded up on a similar basis.
Free available chlorine testing may be substituted for up to 75% of the faecal coliform testing in the distribution zones serving populations less than 30,000 provided the minimum monitoring frequencies in Table 3.3 are adhered to.
The minimum monitoring frequency for free available chlorine is daily. For this reason the minimum monitoring frequency is constant when the number of persons served by the distribution falls below 30,000.
Faecal coliform monitoring must be carried out regularly throughout the month on different days. The free available chlorine tests are to be conducted daily.
82 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 4: Ministry of Health register of laboratories approved for drinking-water compliance testing
The following list contains all laboratories that were approved by the Ministry of Health to undertake compliance testing of drinking-water as at March 2001. A current listing can be obtained from IANZ (tel. 09-525 6655).
AgriQuality Environmental Wellington AgriQuality Laboratory Network, Dairy and Food Laboratory Auckland Alpha Biologicals Ltd. Auckland Amdel NZ Ltd * Auckland Analytical Research Laboratories * Napier Aqualab Auckland Ashburton District Council Ashburton Canterbury Health Laboratories Ashburton Cawthron Institute Nelson Chemsearch – Dep’t of Chemistry, University of Otago * Dunedin Christchurch City Council, Waste Management Laboratory Christchurch CitiLab Dunedin CRL Energy Greymouth Dargaville Hospital Dargaville Envirohealth Hamilton Envirolab – (a division of Medlab) Bay of Plenty Envirolab Geotest Ltd Auckland Envirolab South, Southland Regional Council Invercargill Envirolink Laboratory Ltd Christchurch Environment Bay of Plenty Whakatane Environment Canterbury Christchurch Environment Canterbury Timaru Environmental Laboratory Services Ltd Lower Hutt ESR, Mt. Albert Science Centre Auckland ESR, Christchurch Science Centre Christchurch Food & Health Standards NZ Ltd Christchurch, Westport Food & Health Standards NZ Ltd Pirongia Food Scientific – (a division of Alpha Scientific Ltd) Hamilton Hastings District Council, Water Laboratory Hastings Health Lab Otago, Dunedin Hospital Dunedin Hill Laboratories * Hamilton Hydro-Technologies Ltd Laboratory Gisborne Invercargill City Council, Clifton Laboratory Invercargill Kapiti Coast District Council Paraparaumu Kerson Laboratory Services Hastings LabCare Ltd New Plymouth Masterton Hospital Laboratory Masterton McMillan Water Analysis Southbridge Meadow Fresh Foods Christchurch Medlab Timaru Timaru Microbiology Consulting and Technical Services Johnsonville Napier City Council Napier Opus International Consultants Ltd Trentham Palmerston North City Council Palmerston North Rodney District Council Orewa Rotorua District Council, Environmental Laboratory Rotorua Sealord Group Ltd Nelson SGS NZ Ltd, Food and Environment Laboratories * Auckland Southland Regional Council Invercargill
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 83 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Taupo District Council Laboratory Taupo Tauranga District Council Laboratory Tauranga Wairoa District Council Wairoa Waimakariri District Council Rangiora Water & Wastewater Treatment Unit Laboratory Hamilton Watercare Services Ltd, Laboratory Services Auckland Wellington Pathology Ltd, Biostandards Division Wellington Wellington Regional Council Wellington Westroads Ltd Hokitika Whangarei District Council Whangarei Works Infrastructure Levin Works Infrastructure Warkworth * Laboratories not registered for bacteriological compliance testing.
Laboratories seeking to be included on the register should contact IANZ (tel. 09-525 6655).
84 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 5: The use of non-approved laboratories for distribution zone compliance testing of local authority supplies
No. of No. of % pop in % pop in Supplies tested by non- Local authority supplies in LA-run * LA-run complying approved labs LA area supplies supplies LA-run supplies No. Pop. Ashburton District Council 39 15 74% 95% 0 0 Auckland City Council 44 9 99% 100% 0 0 Banks Peninsula Distr. Council 24 16 86% 45% 0 0 Buller District Council 17 6 91% 96% 0 0 Carterton District Council 4 1 89% 0% 0 0 Central Hawkes Bay D.C 25 10 85% 3% 0 0 Central Otago District Council 33 12 94% 0% 0 0 Chatham Is. County Council 3 0 0% - 0 0 Christchurch City Council 39 9 97% 87% 0 0 Clutha District Council 52 25 86% 19% 0 0 Dunedin City Council 26 17 99% 98% 0 0 Far North District Council 134 16 61% 0% 13 21,000 Franklin District Council 60 17 85% 24% 0 0 Gisborne District Council 60 5 90% 98% 0 0 Gore District Council 6 6 100% 34% 0 0 Grey District Council 22 10 95% 42% 0 0 Hamilton City Council 2 1 100% 100% 0 0 Hastings District Council 54 19 92% 95% 0 0 Hauraki District Council 12 10 99% 0% 0 0 Horowhenua District Council 11 5 98% 100% 0 0 Hurunui District Council 35 24 94% 11% 0 0 Invercargill City Council 8 4 97% 100% 0 0 Kaikoura District Council 21 7 81% 19% 0 0 Kaipara District Council 50 13 78% 92% 0 0 Kapiti Coast District Council 15 7 98% 86% 0 0 Kawerau District Council 2 2 100% 0% 0 0 Mackenzie District Council 13 6 83% 42% 0 0 Manawatu District Council 39 7 82% 96% 0 0 Manukau City Council 14 4 99% 100% 0 0 Marlborough District Council 95 8 76% 97% 0 0 Masterton District Council 18 3 90% 100% 0 0 Matamata Piako Distr. Council 30 8 86% 100% 0 0 Napier City Council 4 3 100% 100% 0 0 Nelson City Council 4 2 100% 100% 0 0 New Plymouth District Council 34 9 98% 100% 0 0 North Shore City Council 5 4 100% 100% 0 0 Opotiki District Council 25 5 75% 95% 0 0 Otorohanga District Council 15 7 69% 21% 0 0 Palmerston North City Council 10 5 82% 100% 0 0 Papakura District Council 6 3 98% 100% 0 0 Porirua City Council 6 5 100% 100% 0 0 Queenstown Lakes Distr Council 13 10 96% 0% 9 15,700 Rangitikei District Council 18 7 92% 8% 0 0 Rodney District Council 81 18 85% 99% 0 0 Rotorua District Council 36 14 95% 82% 0 0 Ruapehu District Council 23 7 72% 0% 6 8864
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 85 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 No. of No. of % pop in % pop in Supplies tested by non- Local authority supplies in LA-run * LA-run complying approved labs LA area supplies supplies LA-run supplies No. Pop. Selwyn District Council 50 26 62% 55% 0 0 South Taranaki Distr. Council 42 18 92% 48% 0 0 South Waikato District Council 14 7 94% 99% 0 0 South Wairarapa Distr. Council 7 4 97% 100% 0 0 Southland District Council 53 17 82% 14% 0 0 Stratford District Council 15 5 94% 99% 0 0 Tararua District Council 27 7 87% 42% 0 0 Tasman District Council 63 18 79% 83% 0 0 Taupo District Council 54 24 93% 80% 0 0 Tauranga District Council 6 4 100% 100% 0 0 Thames Coromandel D.C. 20 14 97% 38% 0 0 The Hutt City Council 7 6 100% 100% 0 0 Timaru District Council 26 15 98% 93% 0 0 Upper Hutt City Council 8 2 99% 100% 0 0 Waikato District Council 36 16 89% 100% 0 0 Waimakariri District Council 30 19 97% 0% 17 25,165 Waimate District Council 13 12 100% 78% 0 0 Waipa District Council 26 7 91% 86% 0 0 Wairoa District Council 24 5 90% 94% 0 0 Waitakere City Council 10 8 98% 100% 0 0 Waitaki District Council 44 28 95% 69% 0 0 Waitomo District Council 16 4 85% 82% 0 0 Wanganui District Council 25 6 97% 98% 0 0 Wellington City Council 16 11 100% 100% 0 0 Western Bay of Plenty D.C. 47 13 78% 44% 0 0 Westland District Council 20 12 94% 71% 0 0 Whakatane District Council 21 12 96% 68% 0 0 Whangarei District Council 47 6 93% 100% 0 0 TOTAL 2054 727 95% 89% 45 70,729
* includes supplies run by LATEs
Laboratories seeking to be included on the register should contact IANZ on 09 525 6655.
86 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 6: Distribution zone monitoring and surveillance
The following information is shown on the tables in Appendix 6. The drinking-water distribution zones are grouped into health districts and local authorities as listed on the following page. The zones are displayed in alphabetical order within each of the local authorities. Explanations of the information contained in Appendix 6 are given below.
Distribution zone Name of the drinking-water distribution zone as it appears in the Register. ** denotes a name change since 1999.
Zone Code The unique code given to each drinking-water distribution zone, also used on the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand (the Register).
Zone population (Pop.) Estimated number of people supplied by the zone. Missing values or 0 indicate missing data.
Compliance Compliance with the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:1995 or a code for the reason for non-compliance, as described below: Complied zone complied during 2000. F faecal coliforms were detected in more than 2% of monitoring samples. A corrective action was either not carried out, was inappropriate or was not able to be determined following a transgression. I inadequate sampling: the zone was not monitored sufficiently to comply with the DWSNZ:1995. L analysis was conducted by a laboratory that was not approved for compliance testing by the Ministry of Health. N water from the zone was not monitored for faecal coliforms at all during 2000.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 87 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Surveillance Whether or not surveillance was conducted by the PHSP during 2000. If so, how the surveillance was conducted: faecal coliform analysis (FC test) or audit of water supplier’s records (audit). Audit audit of the water supplier’s records by the PHSP. FAC test available chlorine analysis of drinking-water by the PHSP. FC test PHSP sampling of drinking-water for faecal coliform analysis (and no faecal coliforms detected). FC test (fail) PHSP sampling of drinking-water for faecal coliform analysis (and failed to meet the faecal coliform criterion).
Water supplier The authority responsible for the drinking-water supply as listed in the Register.
Zone grade The drinking-water distribution zone grading as listed in Water Information New Zealand (WINZ) as at the end of 2000. Zones that have been regraded since December 2000 but before this report goes to press also show the present grade in brackets.
88 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Northland ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Far North District Ahipara School AHI001SC 70 N FC test School BoT Awanui School AWA008SC 80 I FC test School BoT Awarua School AWA009SC 50 FI FC test School BoT Bay of Islands Country Lodge BAY002BA 30 N No surveillance Private Bay of Islands Holiday Park BAY003BA 500 N No surveillance Private Broadwood Area School BRO007SC 200 from Aug No surveillance School BoT Coopers Beach Motel COO001CO 30 N No surveillance Private Driftwood Lodge DRI001DR 30 N No surveillance Private Gateway North Motor Lodge GAT001GA 30 FIL No surveillance Private Haruru Falls PAI001HA 1,000 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Haruru Falls Resort HAR004HA 200 (200) N No surveillance Private Herekino School HER002SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Hideaway Lodge Motor Camp HID001HI 150 N FC test Private Hihi Motor Camp HIH001HI 40 (200) N FC test Private Horeke School HOR003SC 35 FAIL No surveillance School BoT Kaeo KAE001KA 100 N FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. e Kaeo Hospital KAE002KA 40 N FAC/FC test Health Service Provider Kaeo Primary School WHA026KP 100 N No surveillance School BoT Kaikohe KAI006KA 4,000 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Kaingaroa School KAI027SC 200 I FC test School BoT Kaitaia KAI008KA 5,000 L FAC test Local Auth. e Karetu School KAR007SC 55 I FC test School BoT Karikari Bay Motor Camp KAR002KB 250 (500) N No surveillance Private Kawakawa KAW002KA 1,500 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Kerikeri KER001KE 2,500 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Kingfish Lodge, Whangaroa KIN006KI 50 N No surveillance Private Kohukohu School KOH002SC 60 I FC test School BoT Korou Kore Marae KOR002MA 90 N No surveillance Private Maimaru Marae MAI005MA 80 N FC test Private Mangaiti Marae MAN030MA 60 N No surveillance Private Mangamuka Marae MAN036MA 90 N No surveillance Private Mangamuka School MAN024SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Mangataipa Marae MAN031MA 80 N FC test (fail) Private Mangonui Commercial Area MAN028MA 50 N FC test Private Mangonui School MAN005SC 160 FAI No surveillance School BoT Mangonui, Cooper's Beach MAN005MA 1,200 N No surveillance Private e Maromaku School MAR012SC 50 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Matai Bay Motor Camp MAT008MB 200 (400) N No surveillance DOC Mataitaua Marae MAT035MA 30 N FC test (fail) Private Matauri Bay Motor Camp MAT014MA 30 N FC test Private Matauri Bay Primary School MAT032SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Matawaia School MAT024SC 25 N FC test (fail) School BoT Matihetihe Marae MAT031MA 60 N FC test (fail) Private Matihetihe School MAT023SC 40 I FC test (fail) School BoT Moerewa / Otiria KAW002MO 2,000 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Morehu Marae MOR003MA 90 N FC test (fail) Private Moria Marae MOR002MA 80 N No surveillance Private Motatau School MOT011SC 60 N FC test (fail) School BoT Ngai Otonga Marae NGA016MA 90 N No surveillance Private Ngaiotonga School NGA013SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Ngaitupoto Marae NGA027MA 75 N FC test (fail) Private Ngataki School NGA012SC 40 N FC test (fail) School BoT Ngatimanawa Marae NGA026MA 80 N FC test (fail) Private Ngawha Springs KAI006NG 200 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 89 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Ohaeawai School OHA010OH 125 N No surveillance School BoT Okaihau OKA003OK 500 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Omanaia OMA003OM 60 N No surveillance Local Auth. e Omania School OMA003SC 40 FAI No surveillance School BoT Omapere OMA002OM 500 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Opua PAI001OP 1,000 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Orauta School ORA004SC 30 Did not respond to survey School BoT Oromahoe School ORO005SC 110 N No surveillance School BoT Orongo Bay Motor Camp ORO006OR 150 N No surveillance Private Oruaiti School ORU001SC 85 I No surveillance School BoT Otaua Marae OTA014MA 85 N No surveillance Private Oturu School OTU004SC 120 I No surveillance School BoT Pagoda Lodge PAG001PA 250 N FAC/FC test Private Paihia PAI001PA 2,000 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Pakanae PAK003PA 160 N No surveillance Private Pakaraka School PAK005PS 70 N No surveillance Local Auth. Pakaraka,Cottages In The Woods PAK004PA 50 N No surveillance Private Pamapuria School PAM001SC 180 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Paparore School PAP006SC 60 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Parahaki Marae PAR012MA 90 N No surveillance Private Parapara Marae PAR013MA 60 N FC test (fail) Private Peria School PER001SC 115 FAI No surveillance School BoT Pukenui Motor Camp PUK006PU 90 (150) N No surveillance Private Pukenui School PUK016SC 50 N FC test (fail) School BoT Pukepoto School PUK015SC 130 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Rarawa Motor Camp RAR002RA 250 N No surveillance Private Rawene RAW001RA 500 L FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Rawhiti Motor Camp RAW002RM 60 N No surveillance Private Roma Marae ROM001MA 85 N No surveillance Private Russell Bowling Club RUS003RU 250 N No surveillance Private Russell Lodge RUS002RU 100 N FC test Private Russell School RUS005SC 130 I FC test School BoT Russell Township-Commercial RUS004RU 500 N FC test Private Spirits Bay Motor Camp SPI001SB 500 N No surveillance DOC Tahaawai Marae TAH007MA 50 N No surveillance Private Taio Marae TAI013MA 90 N FC test (fail) Private Taipa Area School TAI008SC 480 FI No surveillance School BoT Taipa Camping Ground TAI007TA 80 N FC test Private Taipa Resort TAI006TA 50 (150) N No surveillance Private Taipa Sands Motel TAI003TA 50 N No surveillance Private Tamatea Marae TAM004MA 60 N FC test (fail) Private Tapotupotu Motor Camp TAP002TM 100 (200) N No surveillance DOC Taupo Bay Camping Ground TAU016TA 300 N No surveillance Private Tauranga Bay Motor Camp TAU014TA 20 N FC test (fail) Private Tautoro School TAU008TA 40 I FC test (fail) School BoT Te Hapua School TEH007SC 40 N FC test (fail) School BoT Te Huruhi Marae TEH009MA 30 N No surveillance Private Te Kao TEK006TE 300 L FAC test Local Auth. e Te Kotahitanga Marae TEK014MA 80 N No surveillance Private Te Kura O Hata Maria TEK010SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Te Kura O Rangiawhia TEK013SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Te Kura O Te Rangi Aniwaniwa TEK012SC 105 FAI No surveillance School BoT Te Kura Taumata O Panguru TEK011SC 170 I No surveillance School BoT Te Paatu Marae TEP012MA 50 N FC test (fail) Private Te Paraki Kohunga Reo TEP011SC 30 N No surveillance Private Te Rarawa Marae TER005MA 90 N No surveillance Private Te Reo Mihi Marae TER004MA 30 N No surveillance Private Te Tii School TET002SC 50 N FC test School BoT
90 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Te Tuhono Marae TET003MA 30 N No surveillance Private Te Whaka Mahara Tanga TEW005MA 90 N No surveillance Private Te Whiringa O Te Muka Tangata TEW006MA 30 N No surveillance Private The Bluff Camping Ground THE001TB 100 (150) N No surveillance Private Tominiana Marae TOM002MA 50 N No surveillance Private Totara North School TOT003SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Towai School TOW001SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Umawera School UMA001SC 42 I No surveillance School BoT Urupukapuka & Cable Bay Camps URU003CA 150 N No surveillance DOC Waiharara School WAI094SC 40 N FC test School BoT Waikaraka Marae WAI123MA 50 N No surveillance Private Waikare School WAI093SC 50 N FC test School BoT Waima School WAI063SC 80 N No surveillance School BoT Waimahae Marae WAI130MA 40 N No surveillance Private Waimamaku WAI046WA 80 N No surveillance Private Waiomio School WAI092SC 30 School closed 1998 School BoT Waipapa WAI045WA 150 N FC test Private Waiparera Marae WAI148MA 50 N No surveillance Private Waitangi Resort Hotel WAI050WR 450 N FAC/FC test Private Whangaroa College WHA026SC 225 I No surveillance School BoT Whangaroa Retreat WHA027WH 50 N FC test (fail) Private Zane Grey Restaurant & Accomm. ZAN001ZA 500 N No surveillance Private
Kaipara District Ahikiwi Marae AHI003MA 80 N No surveillance Private Aranga Beach ARA004AB 50 N No surveillance Local Auth. Aranga School ARA006SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Arapohue School ARA007SC 104 N No surveillance School BoT Baylys Beach DAR002BB 700 (1000) Complied FAC test Local Auth. d (b) Bryderwyn Maungatoroto BRY001BM 75 N No surveillance Local Auth. e Dargaville Town DAR002DT 4,500 Complied FAC test Local Auth. d (b) Glinks Gully GLI001GL 50 Complied FAC test Local Auth. e Kai Iwi Lakes Camping Ground KAI014KI 80 (480) N No surveillance Local Auth. Kaihu-Dargaville KAI007KD 324 N No surveillance Local Auth. e Kaihu School KAI028SC 40 FAI No surveillance School BoT Kaiwaka KAI011KA 50 N No surveillance Local Auth. Kaiwaka School KAI029SC 170 from Feb No surveillance School BoT Kauri Coast Motor Camp KAU002KC 50 (200) I No surveillance Private Mangawhai Beach School MAN025SC 50 I No surveillance School BoT Mangawhai Heads MAN003MA 200 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Mangawhai Hideaway Camp Ground MAN037MA 40 N No surveillance Private Mangawhai Village Camp Ground MAN020MA 40 (90) N FC test Private Matakohe Camping Ground MAT037MA 40 N No surveillance Private Matakohe School MAT025SC 75 FAI No surveillance School BoT Matatina Marae MAT029MA 60 N No surveillance Private Maungaturoto MAU001MA 900 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d (b) Moir's Point Christian Camp MOI001MO 90 N No surveillance Private Ngatai Whakarongorua NGA019MA 40 N No surveillance Private Oakridge Camp OAK003OA 70 N No surveillance Private Oruawharo School ORU002SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Otamatea Marae OTA015MA 90 N No surveillance Private Oturei Marae OTU005MA 80 N No surveillance Private Pahi Motor Camp PAH005PA 40 (90) N FC test Private Pahinui Marae PAH004MA 30 N No surveillance Private Paparoa School PAP005SC 60 I No surveillance School BoT Pouto School POU002SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Pukearunga Kohanga Reo PUK009PU 35 N No surveillance Private Railway Maungaturoto MAU001RM 100 from Oct FAC test Local Auth. e (b)
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 91 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Rehutai Road, Rehutai REH001RE 76 N No surveillance Private Ripia Marae RIP001MA 30 N No surveillance Private River Motor Camp, Mangawhai RIV012RI 40 (90) N FC test Private Ruawai RUA001RU 600 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Taipuha School TAI010SC 20 IL No surveillance School BoT Taita Marae TAI012MA 80 N No surveillance Private Tama Te Uaua Marae TAM003MA 60 N No surveillance Private Tangiteroria Marae TAN006MA 90 N No surveillance Private Tangiteroria School TAN003SC 60 Complied No surveillance School BoT Tangowahine School TAN004SC 50 I FC test School BoT Te Kopuru School TEK009SC 160 FAI No surveillance School BoT Tinopai TIN001TI 50 (50) N FC test Local Auth. Tinopai School TIN003SC 50 FAI FC test School BoT Trounson Camping Ground TRO003TR 40 N FC test Private Waiaotea Marae WAI129MA 30 N No surveillance Private Waikara Marae WAI124MA 30 N No surveillance Private Waipoua HQ and Camp Ground WAI136WA 80 N FC test (fail) DOC
Whangarei District Akerama Marae AKE001MA 60 N No surveillance Private Bland Bay Motor Camp BLA002BB 90 (420) I No surveillance Private Bream Bay BRE001BR 5900 (8000) Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Glenbervie School GLE011SC 190 Complied FC test School BoT Helena Bay School HEL002SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT Hikurangi HIK001HI 1,330 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b Hukerenui Community HUK001CO 100 N No surveillance School BoT Hukerenui School HUK001HU 150 N FC test School BoT Kamo Spr.Caravan Pk & Xn Coll. KAM001KS 400 I No surveillance Private Kaurihohore School KAU004SC 130 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Kokopu School KOK001SC 60 Complied FC test School BoT Mangakahia Area School MAN007MA 250 I FC test School BoT Mangapai MAN004MA 92 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b Matarau School MAT007MA 200 from May No surveillance School BoT Maungakaramea MAU002MA 200 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b Motutara Farm Camping Ground MOT007MF 90 (450) I No surveillance Private Nga Tau E Toru Kohunga Reo NGA017SC 30 N No surveillance Private Ngararatunua Marae NGA023MA 90 N FC test (fail) Private Ngunguru Motor Camp NGU001NG 50 (100) I No surveillance Private Ngunguru Retirement Village NGU004NG 80 from Aug FC test Private Ngunguru School NGU002NG 165 IL FC test School BoT Oakura Motels and Caravan Park OAK002OB 80 (250) I No surveillance Private Pacific Rendezvous Motel PAC001PA 60 (200) N No surveillance Private Pakotai School PAK001PA 40 N FC test (fail) School BoT Pehiaweri Marae PEH001MA 70 N No surveillance Private Pompallier College POM002PO 480 from Oct FC test School BoT Punaruku School PUN002PS 90 Wouldn't cooperate with survey School BoT Purua School PUR001PU 40 from May FC test School BoT Sands Motel SAN002SA 25 FI No surveillance Private Sea Breeze Motel SEA002SE 6 (18) N No surveillance Private Tau Henare Marae TAU020MA 60 N No surveillance Private Tauraroa Area School TAU005TA 480 from Mar No surveillance School BoT Te Horo School TEH002TE 74 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Treasure Island Motor Camp TRE001CA 90 (200) I No surveillance Private Tuparehuia Marae TUP001MA 40 N No surveillance Private Tutukaka Coast Motor Lodge TUT004TU 80 N No surveillance Private Waiotira School WAI095SC 40 from Mar No surveillance School BoT Waitaruke Convent School WAI065SC 90 Did not respond to survey School BoT Whakapara Marae WHA036MA 70 N No surveillance Private
92 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Whananaki DOC Camp WHA013WH 200 (450) Complied No surveillance DOC Whananaki School WHA008WH 40 I No surveillance School BoT Whananaki Store Motor Camp WHA020WS 70 (200) I No surveillance Private Whangarei WHA007WH 48,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Whangarei Heads WHA007HE 7200 (15000) Complied FAC test Local Auth. a Whangaruru Harbour Motor Camp WHA019WH 50 (150) I No surveillance Private Whangaruru North DOC WHA012WN 200 (450) N No surveillance DOC
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 93 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Auckland ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Auckland City Auckland AUC001AU 217,000 Complied Audit Private a Blanchy's of Surfdale BLA005BL 25 N No surveillance Private Central Business District Auck AUC001CB 8,650 Complied Audit Private a Hillsborough AUC001HI 40,000 Complied Audit Private a Jetty Tourist Lodge JET001JE 25 (100) N No surveillance Private Kaitoki Primary School KAI036SC 80 N No surveillance School BoT Matiatia Wharf MAT034MA 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. Maungawhau AUC001MA 37,600 Complied Audit Private a Medlands Beach Backpackers MED001ME 17 N No surveillance Private Mother Hubbards Childcare MOT013MO 45 N No surveillance Private Mt Hobson AUC001HO 26,250 Complied Audit Private a Mulberry Grove School MUL001SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT New World Waiheke NEW005NE 30 N No surveillance Private Nutters Cafe NUT001NU 35 N No surveillance Private Okiwi School OKI004SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Onehunga AUC001ON 20,250 Complied Audit Private a Orapiu Wharf ORA006OR 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. Otahuhu AUC001OT 13,100 Complied Audit Private a Palm Beach Backpackers PAL004PA 75 (150) N No surveillance Private Pigeons Lodge-Great Barrier Is PIG002PI 12 (12) N No surveillance Private Piritahi Kohanga Reo PIR002PI 25 N No surveillance Private Port Fitzroy Wharf POR009PO 100 N No surveillance Private Rotoroa Institute, Rotoroa Is. ROT009RO 60 N No surveillance Private Schooner Cafe, Harvey Travel SCH001SC 25 N No surveillance Private Southpark SOU005SO 150 Complied No surveillance Private St Pauls Presbyterian Church STP003ST 35 N No surveillance Private St Peters Catholic Church STP002ST 25 Unable to contact Private Te Huruhi Shool WAI098TE 600 I No surveillance School BoT Tipi & Bob's Holiday Lodge TIP001TI 4 (20) N No surveillance Private Vino Vino Bar Cafe VIN001VI 25 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Baptist Church WAI117WA 25 Unable to contact Private Waiheke Com.Hlth Care/St Johns WAI116WA 37 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Golf Club WAI119WA 100 N No surveillance Private Waiheke High School WAI098SC 550 I No surveillance School BoT Waiheke Is, Salvage Restaurant WAI142WA 25 Unable to contact Private Waiheke Is, Stjepans Pizza Bar WAI143WA 50 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Island Aerodrome WAI110WA 5 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Island Resort WAI113WA 25 I No surveillance Private Waiheke Kindergarten WAI114WA 80 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Palm Beach Lodge WAI112WA 10 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Punga Lodge WAI115WA 20 N No surveillance Private Waiheke Sports Club WAI109WA 25 N No surveillance Private Waiheke, Onetangi Apartments WAI144WA 65 N No surveillance Private Whangaparapara Wharf WHA043WH 100 N No surveillance Private
Franklin District Aka Aka Primary School AKA003SC 55 Complied No surveillance School BoT Anzac PUK002AN 2,662 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Ararimu School Zone A (rain) ARA009SA 100 I No surveillance School BoT Ararimu School Zone B (Bore) ARA009SB 100 I No surveillance School BoT Awhitu School AWH001SC 130 N FC test School BoT Big Bay Motor Camp BIG002BI 20 (200) N No surveillance Private Bombay BOM001BO 484 Complied FC test Local Auth. e (c) Bombay Motorway Services BOM002BO 100 I No surveillance Private
94 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Buckland BUC001BU 504 I FC test Local Auth. e Camp Adair CAM005CA 7 N No surveillance Private Clarks Beach CLA001CL 1,152 FAI FC test Local Auth. e Colombo Road WAI008CO 550 F FC test Local Auth. e Dingwall Trust Holiday House DIN001DI 45 N No surveillance Private Douglas Rd, Pukekohe DOU003DO 95 Complied FC test Local Auth. Felix Donelly College FEL001SC 60 Unable to contact School BoT Glen Murray School GLE006GM 25 Complied FC test (fail) School BoT Glenbrook Beach GLE002GL 370 Complied FC test Local Auth. e (c) Glenbrook Primary School GLE005GP 250 I No surveillance School BoT Harrisville School HAR002SC 180 N FC test School BoT Hilltop PUK002PH 650 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Kaiaua School KAI030SC 80 N FC test (fail) School BoT Karaka School KAR004KA 170 I No surveillance School BoT Kingseat Hospital KIN002KH 200 Complied No surveillance Private Kitchener PUK002KI 11,500 F Audit Local Auth. b (d) Mangatangi School MAN012MA 104 Zone now closed School BoT Mangatawhiri School MAN011MA 91 N FC test School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone A MAU004SA 50 N FC test School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone B MAU004SB 50 N FC test (fail) School BoT Mercer Country Stop MER004ME 50 Complied No surveillance Private Mercer School MER003SC 26 N FC test (fail) School BoT Naike School NAI001NA 23 N FC test School BoT Onewhero ONE004ON 50 Complied FC test Local Auth. Onewhero District School ONE003ON 300 FAI FC test School BoT Orua Motor Camp ORU003OR 100 N No surveillance Private Otaua Primary School OTA006OP 120 N FC test School BoT Paerata School PAE006SC 100 N No surveillance School BoT Paparimu Primary School PAP007SC 148 N FC test School BoT Patumahoe PAT002PA 560 I FC test Local Auth. d Pokeno POK001PO 420 FA FC test Local Auth. b (d) Pollok School Zone A POL001SA 50 N FC test School BoT Pollok School Zone B POL001SB 50 N FC test (fail) School BoT Port Waikato POR005PW 50 Complied FC test (fail) Local Auth. Pukekawa School PUK007PU 148 N FC test School BoT Pukekohe East School PUK018SC 100 N FC test School BoT Pukeoware School PUK017SC 160 N No surveillance School BoT Ramarama School RAM001RA 165 FA No surveillance School BoT St Stephens School STS001SS 170 N FC test School BoT Te Hihi Primary School TEH003TH 260 I No surveillance School BoT Te Kohanga School TEK007TK 110 N FC test (fail) School BoT Tuakau North TUA002TN 690 F FC test Local Auth. d Tuakau South TUA002TS 2,613 Complied FC test Local Auth. c Victoria Ave WAI008VI 6,700 F FC test Local Auth. e Village Fields Subdivision VIL001VI 100 N No surveillance Private Waiau Beach WAI069WA 180 I FC test Local Auth. Waiau Pa Kindergarten WAI118WA 60 N No surveillance Private Waiau Pa School WAI096SC 340 N FC test School BoT Waikaretu Sch. Drink Fountains WAI051WA 46 N No surveillance School BoT Waikaretu School Classrooms WAI051CL 46 N FC test (fail) School BoT Waipipi School WAI097SC 145 N FC test (fail) School BoT Wesley College WES005WC 500 I No surveillance School BoT
Manukau City Beachlands School BEA001BE 400 N FC test (fail) School BoT Brookby School BRO008SC 60 Complied No surveillance School BoT Clevedon Primary School CLE001CP 290 Complied No surveillance School BoT Earls Court AUC002EA 5,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 95 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
High Head AUC002HH 3,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Hunua School HUN005SC 175 N FC test School BoT Manukau Misc. AUC002MM 172,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Maraetai Beach Boat Club Wharf MAR019MA 100 N No surveillance Private Maraetai Beach School MAR006MA 230 Complied FC test School BoT Orere School ORE004SC 60 Complied FC test School BoT Papatoetoe AUC002PA 30,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Pine Harbour Marina Wharf PIN003PI 400 N No surveillance Private Whitford Pre-School WHI004SC 80 I No surveillance Private Whitford Settlers Cafe WHI005WH 100 N No surveillance Private
North Shore City Albany Outdoor Education Trust ALB002AO 50 N No surveillance Private North Shore Central NOR001CE 48,100 Complied Audit Local Auth. (a) North Shore East NOR001EA 41,200 Complied Audit Local Auth. (a) North Shore North NOR001NT 9,500 Complied Audit Local Auth. (a) North Shore South NOR001SO 85,800 Complied Audit Local Auth. (a)
Papakura District Ardmore Airport ARD002AR 500 N No surveillance Private Ardmore School ARD003SC 150 N No surveillance School BoT Karaka Park KAR010KA 150 N No surveillance Private Papakura City PAP001PC 25,916 Complied Audit United Water a Red Hill PAP001RH 2,760 Complied Audit United Water c (a) Takanini PAP001TA 9,891 Complied Audit United Water a
Rodney District Ahuroa School AHU002SC 40 N FC test School BoT Albany, Killashandra Resthome ALB005AL 22 N No surveillance Private Amberleigh Country Lodge AMB003AM 20 Zone now closed Private Coatesville School COA002SC 198 FA No surveillance School BoT Dairy Flat School DAI001DF 270 N FC test School BoT Forest Reserve Hall FOR003HA 30 N No surveillance Private Game Meats (NZ) Ltd GAM001GA 25 N No surveillance Private Goat Island Camping Ground GOA001GI 25 (100) N No surveillance Private Happy Rainbow Primary School HAP001SC 70 N No surveillance School BoT Hare Krishna Comm. Riverhead HAR003HA 35 N No surveillance Private Helensville HEL001HE 2,200 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (a) Hibiscus Coast HIB002HI 19,240 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (a) Huapai Depot HUA002HU 10 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Huapai Domain HUA003HU 10 (100) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Huapai School HUA001SC 348 N No surveillance School BoT Kaipara Flats Primary School KAI016KF 240 FAI No surveillance School BoT Kaukapakapa Bowling Club KAU005KA 50 (100) N No surveillance Private Kaukapakapa Hotel KAU006KA 25 IL No surveillance Private Kaukapakapa School KAU003SC 200 N FC test School BoT Kawau Island Historic Reserve KAW005KI 10 I No surveillance DOC Kawau Island Yacht Club KAW004KI 100 I No surveillance Private Kings Coll Ahuroa Venture Camp KIN007SC 60 FI No surveillance School BoT Lees Wharf LEE003LE 100 N FC test Private Leigh Hotel LEI005LE 100 I No surveillance Private Leigh Laboratory LEI002LL 50 IL No surveillance Private Leigh Primary School LEI003LE 78 N No surveillance Private Leigh Wharf LEI006LE 100 N No surveillance Private Lifeways Ministries LIF001LI 75 N No surveillance Private Mahurangi Christian School MAH008SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Mahurangi Regional Park MAH003MR 25 N FC test Regional Council Martins Bay Holiday Camp MAR007MB 50 Complied No surveillance Local Auth.
96 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Matakana Playcentre MAT028MA 35 I No surveillance Private Matakana Primary School MAT011MA 244 N FC test School BoT Muriwai MUR003MU 450 Complied Audit Local Auth. d (a) Muriwai Lodge Caravan Park MUR004MU 25 L No surveillance Private Muriwai Regional Park MUR008RP 10 N No surveillance Regional Council Muriwai, Houghtons Bush Camp MUR005MU 80 N No surveillance Private Omaha Community Hall OMA011OM 150 N No surveillance Private Omaha Surf Club OMA012SC 10 Complied No surveillance Private Pah Farm Fishing Lodge PAH002PF 100 IL No surveillance Private Pakiri Motor Camp PAK010PA 30 N No surveillance Private Pakiri Primary School PAK011SC 25 N No surveillance School BoT Parakai HEL001PA 980 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (a) Peninsula Club Retiremt Resort PEN001PC 160 N No surveillance Private Puriri Park Camping Ground PUR004PP 100 N No surveillance Private Redhills RED002RE 80 Complied Audit Local Auth. Riverhead Park RIV013RI 10 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Riverhead School RIV011SC 142 FA No surveillance School BoT Sandspit Motor Camp SAN003SM 25 N No surveillance Private Sandspit Reserve SAN006SA 10 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Sandspit Wharf SAN007SA 300 N No surveillance Local Auth. Sandspit Yacht Club SAN008SA 100 N No surveillance Private Scandrett SCA001SC 25 Unable to contact Private Shakespear Regional Park SHA002SR 200 (400) N No surveillance Regional Council Sheepworld Motor Camp SHE005SH 25 N No surveillance Private Shelly Beach Reserve SHE006SH 10 N No surveillance Local Auth. Sinclair Park SIN001SI 10 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Snells/Algies SNE001SN 4,020 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Stillwater Camping Ground STI003SC 25 N No surveillance Private Tapora Primary School TAP004TA 65 N FC test School BoT Tauhoa Primary School TAU010TA 45 N FC test (fail) School BoT Taupaki School TAU013SC 182 N FC test School BoT Tawharanui Regional Park TAW001TR 200 (400) N No surveillance Regional Council Te Hana TEH001TE 100 N FAC/FC test (fail) Private Te Hana - Transported TEH004TE 30 N No surveillance Private Tomarata Play Centre FOR003PC 45 IL No surveillance Private Tomorata Primary School TOM001TO 65 FAI No surveillance School BoT Waimauku School WAI085SC 543 N FC test School BoT Wainui School WAI099SC 200 N FC test School BoT Waioma Rest Home WAI054WR 60 N No surveillance Private Waioneke School WAI086SC 83 N FC test School BoT Waitakere North WAI104WA 120 Complied Audit Local Auth. Waitoki School WAI084SC 71 N FC test School BoT Waiwera HIB002WA 330 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (a) Warkworth WAR001WA 3,120 Complied FC test Local Auth. c (a) Waste Management, Dairy Flat WAS001WM 40 FIL No surveillance Private Weiti Boating Club Wharf WEI001WE 100 N No surveillance Private Wellsford WEL001WE 2,190 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (a) Whangaparaoa Military Camp WHA017WA 5 (180) FI No surveillance NZDF Whangateau Camping Ground WHA018WC 20 Complied No surveillance Private Woodhill School WOO007SC 63 N FC test (fail) School BoT
Waitakere City Defence Auckland DEF001DE 3,000 Complied No surveillance NZDF e Glen Eden / New Lynn WAI009GL 49,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Henderson WAI009HE 105,400 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Huia Village WAI009HU 450 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Laingholm WAI009LA 2,400 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (a) Montana WAI009MO 4,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 97 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
North Piha Water Supply PIH002PN 80 I No surveillance Private Oratia WAI009OR 1,300 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Piha Camping Ground PIH002PC 15 N No surveillance Local Auth. Te Henga WAI009TE 850 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
98 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Waikato ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Hamilton City Hamilton Christian School HAM007SC 190 N No surveillance School BoT Hamilton City HAM001HA 117,100 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Hauraki District Hauraki Plains East HAU001EA 1,135 I No surveillance Local Auth. c Hauraki Plains West HAU001WE 2,063 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. b Hauraki Plains, Kerepehi HAU001KE 1,960 N No surveillance Local Auth. b Kaihere School KAI024SC 66 I No surveillance School BoT Kaimanawa KAI013KA 100 F No surveillance Local Auth. Karangahake KAR001KA 140 I No surveillance Local Auth. d Mackaytown MAC003MA 140 FI No surveillance Local Auth. e Ohinemuri OHI001OH 1,000 FI No surveillance Local Auth. d Paeroa PAE001PA 4,000 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Waihi WAI003WA 4,450 I No surveillance Local Auth. a Waikino WAI043WA 340 I No surveillance Local Auth. d Waimata School WAI147SC 100 I No surveillance School BoT
Matamata Piako District Elstow School ELS001SC 150 FAI No surveillance School BoT Hinuera Township HIN002HI 35 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Hoe-O-Tainui School HOE001SC 37 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Inghams Poultry ING003IN 360 Complied Audit Private Kereone School KER003SC 62 FAI No surveillance School BoT Kiwitahi School KIW006SC 45 FAI No surveillance School BoT Manawaru School MAN035SC 55 FAI No surveillance School BoT Mangateparu School MAN034SC 44 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Matamata Township MAT004MA 5,600 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Morrinsville Township MOR001MO 5,600 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Motumaoho School & Community MOT015SC 100 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Ngarua Primary School NGA021SC 17 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Richmond Downs Primary School RIC005SC 45 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Springdale School School SPR006SC 64 I No surveillance School BoT Tahuna Township TAH001TA 120 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Tatua Co-op Dairy Co. Ltd. TAT002TA 120 FAL No surveillance Private Tatuanui School TAT001SC 94 I No surveillance School BoT Tauhei School TAU017SC 83 FAIL No surveillance School BoT Te Aroha TEA003TE 3,465 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Te Aroha West School & Commun. * TEA005WE 50 F Audit Local Auth. e Te Poi Township TEP003TE 100 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Te Puninga School TEP004SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Totara Springs Christian Cent. TOT004TO 75 I No surveillance Private Waharoa Township WAH001WA 634 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Waihou School WAI062SC 135 School now closed School BoT Waihou Township WAI091WA 105 Complied Audit Private Waitoa Village & Factory WAI049WA 400 L No surveillance Private c Walton Primary School WAL003WA 90 from Jul Audit School BoT Wardville Primary School WAR005SC 90 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Wood Road WOO009WO 250 L No surveillance Private * School now closed; rename Te Aroha West
Otorohanga District Aotearoa Road,Arohena ARO001AO 120 Complied FAC test Local Auth. Hauturu School HAU006SC 71 FI No surveillance School BoT Kawhia Township KAW001KA 500 (2000) I FAC test Local Auth. c Kio Kio School KIO001SC 143 N No surveillance School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 99 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Korakonui School KOR003SC 192 F No surveillance School BoT Maihihi School MAI006SC 80 N No surveillance School BoT Mangare Road, Arohena ARO001MA 120 Complied FAC test Local Auth. Ngutunui School NGU003SC 72 from Mar No surveillance School BoT Oparau School OPA003SC 14 from Sep No surveillance School BoT Otewa School OTE005SC 135 N No surveillance School BoT Otorohanga OTO001OT 2,875 I FAC test Local Auth. c Ranginui RAN006RA 90 Complied FAC test Local Auth. Tihiroa TIH001TI 400 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Waikeria Institutions WAI013WI 1,252 from Jul FAC/FC test Dept. of Corrections d Waipa WAI047WA 175 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b
Ruapehu District Kaitieke School KAI037SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT Kakahi KAK002KA 50 N No surveillance Private Kirikau School KIR002SC 11 N No surveillance School BoT Matiere School MAT036SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT National Park NAT001NA 240 AL No surveillance Local Auth. Ngakonui School NGA025SC 150 N No surveillance School BoT Ngapuke School NGA028SC 48 N No surveillance School BoT Ohura OHU001OH 374 L No surveillance Local Auth. c Ongarue School ONG001SC 38 N No surveillance School BoT Otunui School OTU006SC 9 N No surveillance School BoT Owhango OWH001OW 250 L No surveillance Local Auth. d Piriaka PIR001PI 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. Raurimu RAU001RA 40 N No surveillance Private Taumarunui TAU003TA 5,200 IL No surveillance Local Auth. d Waimiha School WAI064SC 21 FAI No surveillance School BoT Whakapapa Village WHA015WV 200 (200) L No surveillance DOC e (c)
South Waikato District Anchor Products Lichfield ANC003LI 150 L No surveillance Private Anchor Products Tirau ANC001AN 64 from Jun No surveillance Private Arapuni ARA003AR 300 Complied Audit Local Auth. Athol ATH002AT 50 Complied Audit Local Auth. Kinleith Pulp & Paper ATH002KI 700 Complied Audit Private Lichfield LIC001LI 50 N No surveillance Local Auth. Lichfield School LIC002SC 180 I No surveillance School BoT Okoroire School OKO003SC 42 I No surveillance School BoT Puketurua School PUK021SC 88 FAI No surveillance School BoT Putaruru PUT001PU 4,500 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (d) Tapapa School TAP005SC 40 I No surveillance School BoT Te Waotu School TEW007SC 97 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. Tirau TIR001TI 700 Complied Audit Local Auth. b (d) Tokoroa TOK001TO 16,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Thames Coromandel District Colville School COL008SC 40 I No surveillance Private Colville Town COL008CO 80 FI No surveillance Private Coromandel COR001CO 1500 (2500) Complied FAC test Local Auth. a Hahei, Harsant Subdivision HAH001HA 66 (4500) F No surveillance Local Auth. b Hikutaia HIK002HI 200 FA No surveillance Local Auth. Kennedy Bay School KEN003SC 35 I No surveillance School BoT Kopu THA001KO 350 I No surveillance Local Auth. a Kopu Sawmill KOP003KO 220 N No surveillance Private Matarangi MAT010MA 121 (3000) F No surveillance Local Auth. d Matatoki MAT009MA 150 F No surveillance Local Auth. Onemana ONE002ON 170 (2000) F No surveillance Local Auth. e
100 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Pauanui PAU001PA 1,020 F No surveillance Local Auth. b Puriri PUR003PU 150 FA No surveillance Local Auth. Tairua TAI002TA 1700 (6900) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d Te Puru - Aputa Ave TEP007AP 200 N No surveillance Local Auth. Te Puru - Unarei TEP006TE 100 N No surveillance Private e Thames THA001TH 6,500 I No surveillance Local Auth. a Thornton Bay THO002TH 100 N No surveillance Private e Whangamata WHA003WH 4500 (25000) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. a Whitianga WHI001WH 3400 (13300) F No surveillance Local Auth. a
Waikato District Affco Meatworks HOR001MW 400 Complied Audit Private a Eureka EUR001EU 220 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Glen Massey School GLE015SC 85 I No surveillance School BoT Gordonton GOR003GO 392 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Hopu Hopu TAU002HO 200 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Horotiu - Affco Distribution HOR001AF 400 Complied Audit Private e Horotiu - Council Distribution HOR001CO 165 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Horsham Downs School and Hall HOR005SC 350 FI FC test School BoT Huntly HUN002HU 7,310 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Maramarua School MAR018SC 85 from Jul FC test School BoT Matangi MAT003MA 500 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Newstead NEW001NE 800 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Ngaruawahia NGA002NG 5,420 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Ohinewai School OHI004SC 82 N No surveillance School BoT Orini Combined School ORI001SC 120 I No surveillance School BoT Pukemiro School PUK023SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Raglan RAG001RA 2,400 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Rotongaro HUN002RO 100 Complied Audit Local Auth. Rototuna ROT008RO 100 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Ruawaro Combined School RUA009SC 54 N No surveillance School BoT Tamahere TAM001TA 500 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Taupiri TAU002TA 460 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Tauwhare School TAU022SC 110 FI FC test School BoT Te Akau TEA009TE 45 Complied Audit Local Auth. Te Akau School TEA010SC 58 I No surveillance School BoT Te Kauwhata / Rangiriri TEK001TR 1,300 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Te Kowhai School TEK020SC 190 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Te Kura O Ngati Haua School TEK017SC 45 I No surveillance School BoT Te Mata School TEM010SC 60 FI FC test (fail) School BoT Te Uku School TEU001SC 150 I No surveillance School BoT Waikato Waldorf School WAI145SC 100 FI No surveillance School BoT Waikokowai School WAI146SC 32 N No surveillance School BoT Waingaro School WAI151SC 23 N No surveillance School BoT Waiterimu School WAI150SC 25 I No surveillance School BoT Whangamarino Rural / Meremere TEK001WH 400 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Whitikahu School WHI008SC 50 I No surveillance School BoT
Waipa District Cambridge CAM001CA 10,450 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b East Side Terminal HAM006IT 110 Complied FC test Private Goodwood School GOO003SC 245 F No surveillance School BoT Hautapu School HAU007SC 191 from Jun No surveillance School BoT Hora Hora School HOR006SC 92 from May No surveillance School BoT Karapiro School KAR011SC 103 from Feb No surveillance School BoT Kihikihi KIH001KI 2,000 Complied FAC test Local Auth. a Ngahinapouri School NGA024SC 250 from May No surveillance School BoT Ohaupo PUK001OH 450 Complied FAC test Local Auth.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 101 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Pacific Aerospace Corp Hamiltn PAC002PA 84 N No surveillance Private Parawera School PAR014SC 54 from Aug No surveillance School BoT Paterangi School PAT006SC 110 Complied No surveillance School BoT Pirongia TEA001PI 685 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b Pokuru School POK002SC 150 from Oct No surveillance School BoT Puahue School PUA001SC 143 from Jun No surveillance School BoT Pukeatua School PUK022SC 140 I No surveillance School BoT Pukerimu Rural PUK001PU 2,500 I FAC test Local Auth. a Rukuhia School RUK001SC 81 F No surveillance School BoT Te Awamutu Township TEA001TE 8,420 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b Te Miro School TEM009SC 65 F No surveillance School BoT Te Pahu School TEP016SC 172 from Jun No surveillance School BoT Templeview TEM003TE 1,200 I FAC test Local Auth. Tokanui Hospital TOK006TH 250 N FAC test Office of Treaty Settlements West Side Aviation Area HAM006WE 110 FAI FC test Private Wharepapa South School WHA041SC 33 from May No surveillance School BoT Whitehall School WHI009SC 51 from Feb No surveillance School BoT
Waitomo District Aria School ARI001SC 63 N No surveillance School BoT Benneydale BEN002BE 280 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Hangataki School HAN005SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Kinohaku School KIN005SC 18 I No surveillance School BoT Mahoenui School MAH007SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT Maipu School MAI007SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Mokau, Waitomo MOK002MO 200 I No surveillance Local Auth. c Oparure School OPA004SC 30 I No surveillance School BoT Piopio PIO001PI 500 F No surveillance Local Auth. a Piripiri School PIR003SC 23 N No surveillance School BoT Pureora Village PUR002PU 30 N No surveillance DOC Rangitoto School RAN022SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Taharoa Village TAH002TA 150 L No surveillance Private c Te Kuiti TEK003TE 4,612 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. a Waitomo Caves WAI012WC 500 F Audit Private b
102 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Tauranga ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Tauranga District Boscabel East BOS001EA 120 N FC test Local Auth. * Boscabel West BOS001WE 120 N FC test Local Auth. * Mt Maunganui – Papamoa TAU004MP 44,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Oropi School ORO004SC 121 Complied FC test School BoT Tahuwhakatiki Marae TAH003TA 5 (300) N No surveillance Private Tauranga – Bethlehem TAU004TB 46,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b * Now private supplies Western Bay of Plenty District AFFCo Freezing Works-Te Puke AFF001AF 450 (700) Complied FC test Private Aongatete Lodge AON001AO 92 N No surveillance Private Athenree WES011AT 2,270 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Athenree Tearooms ATH001AT 10 N FC test (fail) Private Belk Rd Water Scheme BEL001BE 25 N FC test (fail) Private Gibralter Water Supply TEP002GI 60 N No surveillance Private Homewood Resthome-Tauranga HOM001HO 9 Resthome closed1/7/00 Private Kaimai School KAI018SC 77 FI FC test (fail) School BoT Kaimai Spring KAI025KA 50 N FC test Private Kaimai Woolshed KAI034KA 30 N FC test Private Katikati WES011KA 6,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Katiphil Factory KAT001KA 2 I FC test (fail) Private Maketu TEP002MA 1,100 I FC test Local Auth. Matakana Island Rec. Club MAT019MA 100 N FC test (fail) Private Matakana Island School MAT020SC 40 N FC test School BoT Matakana Marae, Rangihouhine MAT018MA 50 N No surveillance Private Matakana Mill MAT017MA 40 N FC test Private Ngamuwahine Outdoor Centre NGA015NG 20 N No surveillance Private Ngatuhoa Lodge NGA009NG 60 (60) N No surveillance Private Ngaupuri Scheme TEP002NG 60 N No surveillance Private O Te Ora Camp OTE004OT 35 N No surveillance Private Omokoroa OMO002OM 1,800 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Opureora Marae OPU002OP 40 N No surveillance Private Otamarakau School OTA007SC 70 N FC test School BoT Otawa Lodge OTA008OT 1 (50) N FC test Private Paengaroa MAK001PA * 0 N No surveillance Local Auth. Pongakawa MAK001PO * 0 N No surveillance Local Auth. Pongakawa School PON002SC 240 N FC test School BoT Pukehina School PUK008SC 80 N FC test School BoT Pyes Pa School PYE001SC 150 IL No surveillance School BoT Rangiuru School RAN009SC 29 N FC test School BoT Rangiwaea Marae RAN015RA 5 N No surveillance Private Rataroa Lodge-College Camp RAT002SC 30 N No surveillance Private Sapphire Springs Camp SAP001SA 400 N No surveillance Private Tanners Point WES011TK 150 N Audit Local Auth. b Tautau Supply TAU021TA 70 N No surveillance Private Te Butt Rd OMO002TE 400 (400) F Audit Local Auth. Te Matai Irrigation TEP002IR * 200 N No surveillance Local Auth. Te Puke TEP002TP 6,000 I Audit Local Auth. d Te Puke (Bush) TEP002BU 75 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Te Puke Eastern Districts TEP002EA 4,030 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Te Puke Golf Course TEP005TE 550 N No surveillance Private Te Puna OMO002TP 3,700 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. Te Ranga School TER001SC 25 I FC test School BoT Waihi Beach WES011WB 2100 (2100) I FAC/FC test Local Auth. Waiora Christian School WAI057SC 70 Closed 1/1/00 School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 103 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Waitaia Lodge WAI105WA 20 N No surveillance Private Whakamarama School WHA023SC 76 I No surveillance School BoT Whillougby Rd. Katikati WHI003WH 30 N FC test (fail) Private * Now part of TEP002EA
104 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Whakatane ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Kawerau District Kawerau KAW003KA 7,000 AI FC test Local Auth. a Upper Valley Road KAW003UV 1,000 A No surveillance Local Auth. b
Opotiki District Hawai Camp HAW005HA 100 (200) N FC test (fail) Private Hikutaia, Opotiki OPO001HI 1,100 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Island View Motor Camp ISL001MC 100 (300) N FC test Private Kutarere School KUT001KU 50 I FC test School BoT Maraenui School MAR017SC 60 N FC test School BoT Matahi School MAT027SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Nukuhou North School NUK002SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Ohiwa OHI002OH 240 (400) I FC test Local Auth. e Ohiwa Beach OHI003OB 200 Complied Audit Private (b) Omaio School OMA006SC 50 N FC test School BoT Omarumutu School OMA013SC 140 N FC test School BoT e Opape Motor Camp OPA002OP 100 (200) N FC test (fail) Private Opotiki Town OPO001OP 4,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Paerata East PAE005PA 60 N FC test Private Paerata West PAE004PA 80 N FC test Private Raukokore School RAU004SC 40 I FC test School BoT Te Kaha TEK004TE 400 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d (c) Tirohanga Camp TIR004TI 50 (300) N FC test Local Auth. e Torere School TOR001TO 30 I No surveillance School BoT Waihau Bay Park WAI108WA 200 (400) N FC test (fail) Private e Waioeka WAI141WA 150 N FC test (fail) Private Waiotahe School WAI107SC 110 I FC test School BoT e Wairata School * WAI140SC 30 N FC test School BoT Whanarua Bay WHA031WH 200 (400) N FC test Private e Whangaparaoa – Opotiki WHA030WH 100 I FC test Private * Deactivated 27/04/2001
Whakatane District Edgecumbe RAN007ED 2,500 FI FC test Local Auth. Galatea School GAL002SC 60 FAI FC test School BoT Matata MAT005MA 800 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Murphy's Camp MUR006MU 100 (400) N FC test Private Ohope WHA005OH 6,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Onepu RAN007ON 300 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Ruatoki RUA003RU 560 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Taneatua TAN001TA 1,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Te Mahoe TEM004TE 120 Complied FC test Private Te Teko RAN007TE 600 F FC test Local Auth. Thornton RAN007TH 1,000 FI FC test Local Auth. Waimana WAI017WA 200 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Waiohau School WAI106SC 40 N FC test School BoT Whakatane WHA005WH 9,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 105 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Rotorua ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Rotorua District Atiamuri Playcentre ATI002SC 30 N FC test (fail) Private East Rd Community EAS001ER 30 N FC test Private Hamurana HAM003HA 600 Complied FC test Local Auth. d Horohoro School HOR002SC 52 Did not respond to survey School BoT Kaharoa KAH001KA 650 F FC test Local Auth. d Kaingaroa KAI009KA 700 N FAC/FC test Private e Kennedy Bay KEN001KB 15 (35) N FC test (fail) Private Kiwi Ranch - Tikitere KIW001KR 200 N FC test Private Mamaku Township MAM001MA 550 Complied FAC test Local Auth. a Mihi MIH001MI 80 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Ngakuru School NGA007SC 58 from Sep FC test School BoT Ngongotaha Township NGO001NG 3,800 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Okareka ROT001OK 500 F FC test Local Auth. b Okataina Ed.& Rec.Trust Camp OKA006OK 84 N FC test Private Okawa Bay Resort OKA007OK 200 FAI No surveillance Private Paradise Valley PAR010PA 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. Rainbow Mountain Sawmill RAI001RA 151 N FAC/FC test Private Reporoa REP001RE 980 Complied FAC test Local Auth. b Rerewhakaaitu School RER001SC 120 from Aug FC test School BoT Rotata Sun Club ROT006RO 200 (200) N No surveillance Private Rotoiti ROT004RO 920 F FC test Local Auth. d Rotoma ROT002RO 400 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Rotorua City ROT003RO 42,500 Complied FAC test Local Auth. a Rotorua Eastern Suburbs ROT001RE 8,200 F FC test Local Auth. d Te Wairoa Buried Village TEW003TE 100 N FC test (fail) Private Tumunui Complex TUM001TU 500 (100) N No surveillance Private Upper Atiamuri School UPP003SC 52 N FC test School BoT Waikite Hotpool Complex WAI030WA 40 N FAC test Local Auth. Waikite Valley School WAI056SC 98 from Sep FC test School BoT Waimangu Volcanic Valley WAI079WA 70 Complied FC test DOC Waiotapu Forestry Headquarters WAI059WA 60 FAI FAC/FC test Private Waiotapu School Camp WAI029WA 50 FAI FC test Private Waiotapu Thermal Wonderland WAI125WA 100 (200) N FC test Private Waipa Sawmill WAI074WA 450 Complied FAC/FC test Private c Whangamarino School WHA022SC 120 from Oct FC test School BoT Whirinaki WHI002WR 20 N No surveillance Private c
Taupo District Acacia Bay ACA001AC 1,984 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Aratiatia-Mighty River Power ARA002AR 10 N No surveillance Private Atiamuri Village ATI001AV 120 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Bonshaw Park BON001BO 180 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Braxmere Lodge BRA002BR 80 N No surveillance Private Centennial Drive CEN001CD 200 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Frethy Road Boat Club FRE004FR 25 (25) N FC test Local Auth. Hatepe Village HAT001HV 320 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Hautu Prison HAU005HA 200 N FAC/FC test Dept. of Corrections Iwitahi Camp IWI001IW 100 Did not respond to survey Private Kinloch Town KIN001KI 433 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Kuratau Primary School KUR002SC 60 from Oct FC test School BoT Lake Taupo Christian Camp LAK015LA 25 N FC test Private Lake Taupo M.Inn,Lakeside Mot. LAK014LA 24 N Audit Private Mangakino MAN002MA 1,540 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Mapara Road Rural ACA001MA 300 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth.
106 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Marotiri School MAR016SC 120 from Oct FC test School BoT Mokai Primary School * MOK003SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Motuoapa MOT002MO 1,350 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Motuoapa Fishing Club MOT020MO 25 N No surveillance Private Motuoapa Lodge MOT018MO 40 I FC test Private Motuoapa Motor Camp MOT017MO 20 I No surveillance Private Motutere Camping Ground MOT010MO 10 I FC test Private Ohaaki-Contact Energy OHA003OH 25 N No surveillance Private Ohaaki Marae OHA003OM 100 N No surveillance Private Ohakuri-Mighty River Power OHA004OH 5 N No surveillance Private Omori / Kuratau OMO001OM 2,600 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Orakei Korako ORA002OK 95 I Audit Private Pukawa OMO001PU 770 I FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Rangipo-Genesis Power RAN004RA 10 N No surveillance Private Rangipo Prison RAN014PR 200 Complied FAC/FC test Dept. of Corrections Rangitaiki Primary School RAN016SC 60 from Oct FC test School BoT River Rd Reporoa RIV003RI 350 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Shoreline Body Corp. SHO001SH 25 I Audit Private St Pauls Tihoi Venture School STP004SC 100 N FC test School BoT Taupo Central & West TAU001TC 9,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Taupo Moana Motel TAU018TA 18 I No surveillance Private Taupo South TAU009TS 5,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Tauranga/Taupo Fishing Lodge TAU019TA 5 N No surveillance Private Tauranga/Taupo School TAU012SC 95 N FC test School BoT Tirohanga TIR002TI 220 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Tokaanu # TUR001TO 560 from Apr FAC/FC test Local Auth. Tokaanu-Genesis Power TOK008TO 30 N No surveillance Private Turangi TUR001TU 5,220 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Waihaha WAI042WA 120 F Audit Local Auth. Wairakei Resort & SH1 Dvlpmt WAI027WH 500 I FAC/FC test Private Waitahanui WAI041WA 140 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Waitahanui Lodge WAI134WA 25 I Audit Private Waitahanui Primary School WAI075SC 60 N FC test School BoT Whakamaru WHA011WH 180 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Whakamoenga Point WHA009WH 120 Complied Audit Local Auth. Whakaroa KIN001WH 91 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Whareroa WHA010WH 420 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Windsor Lodge and Camp Ground WIN005WI 90 I Audit Private * School was closed by Min of Ed in 1999 / 2000, but Waitangi Tribunal has opposed closure, and current status is unknown. # Tokaanu became a distribution zone of Turangi in March
Whakatane District Huiarau Primary School HUI003SC 80 N FC test (fail) School BoT Minginui MIN001MI 300 L FC test Private Murupara MUR002MU 3,000 F FC test (fail) Local Auth. Ruatahuna Village RUA008RU 300 N FC test (fail) Local Auth. Te Whaiti School TEW002SC 50 N FC test School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 107 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Tairawhiti ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Gisborne District Anaura Bay Motor Camp ANA002AN 10 N FC test Private Blue Water Reserve Camping BLU002BL 10 N FC test Local Auth. E-Tipu Kohanga Reo ETI001ET 20 N No surveillance Private Gisborne City GIS001GI 30,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Hangaroa School HAN004SC 15 N FC test School BoT Hatea-a-rangi School HAT002SC 60 N FC test School BoT Hiruharama Standard Block HIR002ST 40 N FC test School BoT Hiruharama Tapu Te Ariki Block HIR002TA 50 N FC test School BoT Kura Kaupapa - Waipiro Bay KUR004SC 65 N FC test School BoT Kura Kaupapa Nga Taonga Tuturu KUR003SC 35 N FC test (fail) School BoT Makarika School MAK005SC 25 N FC test (fail) School BoT Makauri School MAK003SC 142 from Jun FC test School BoT Mangatuna School MAN032SC 50 N FC test School BoT Mata School MAT030SC 7 N FC test (fail) School BoT Matawai School MAT022SC 100 FAI FC test School BoT Motu School MOT014SC 30 FAI FC test (fail) School BoT Muriwai School MUR007SC 35 N FC test School BoT Ngata Memorial College NGA010SC 220 N FC test School BoT Ngatapa School NGA018SC 36 N FC test School BoT Ormond School ORM002SC 100 FA FC test School BoT Patutahi Play Centre PAT010PC 20 N FC test Private Patutahi School PAT007SC 55 from Jun FC test School BoT Potaka School POT001SC 20 N FC test School BoT Puha Community and Nursery PUH001PU 102 Zone closed 12/00 Private Rangitukia School RAN021SC 25 N FC test (fail) School BoT Rere School RER002SC 55 N FC test School BoT Tangatarite Kohanga Reo TAN007TA 20 N FC test (fail) Private Tauwhareparae School TAU015SC 15 Zone closed 12/99 School BoT Tawhiti Kohanga Reo TAW003TA 12 N FC test (fail) Private Te Araroa Holiday Park TEA006TE 15 N FC test Local Auth. Te Karaka TEK002TE 495 F FC test (fail) Local Auth. e Te Karaka Primary School TEK002SC 191 FA FC test School BoT Te Kura Kaupapa - Ngati Porou TEK015SC 118 N FC test (fail) School BoT Te Kura O Manutahi (School) TEK008SC 150 N FC test School BoT Te Pahou Kohanga Reo TEP015TE 15 N FC test Private Te Puia Springs Hosp & Village TEP001TE 350 F FC test Health Service Provider e Te Puia Springs School * TEP008SC 25 N FC test School BoT Te Waha O Rerekohu School TEW004SC 100 N FC test (fail) School BoT Te Whanau Pani Kohanga Reo TEW008KR 11 N FC test (fail) Private Tikitiki School TIK003SC 105 N FC test School BoT Tiniroto School TIN004SC 26 N FC test School BoT Tolaga Bay Area School TOL001SC 280 N FC test School BoT Tolaga Bay Motor Camp TOL002TO 10 (25) I FC test Private Waerenga-O-Kuri School WAE001SC 30 from Jun FC test School BoT Waiapu Kohanga Reo WAI149WA 15 N FC test Private Waikohu College Administration WAI088AD 30 N FC test School BoT Waikohu College North WAI088NO 45 N FC test School BoT Waikohu College South WAI088SO 30 N FC test School BoT Waikura School WAI126SC 10 Zone closed 12/00 School BoT Waimata Valley School WAI128SC 22 N FC test School BoT Wainui Beach School WAI089SC 200 N FC test School BoT Wainui Playcentre WAI139PC 25 N FC test Private Waipaoa Station School WAI127SC 17 N FC test School BoT Whakaangiangi School WHA035SC 45 N FC test School BoT
108 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Whakarua Kohanga Reo WHA042KR 30 N FC test (fail) Private Whangara School WHA033SC 40 N FC test School BoT Wharakahika Kohanga Reo WHA040KR 25 N FC test (fail) Private Wharekahika School WHA034SC 45 N FC test (fail) School BoT Whatatutu WHA004WH 200 Complied FC test Local Auth. c Whatatutu School # WHA032SC 25 N FC test School BoT * Now part of TEP001TE # Now part of GIS001GI
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 109 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Hawkes Bay ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Central Hawkes Bay District Argyll East Playcentre ARG002PL 39 N FC test Private Argyll East School ARG001SC 75 IL FC test School BoT Elsthorpe School ELS002SC 72 I No surveillance School BoT Farm Road FAR001FA 130 N FAC test Private Flemington School FLE001SC 85 N FC test School BoT High Pressure Zone, Waipukurau WAI004HI 2,500 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Kairakau Beach KAI012KA 20 (50) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Low Pressure Zone, Waipukurau WAI004LO 666 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Mangaorapa School MAN022SC 20 N FC test School BoT Mixed zone, Waipukurau WAI004MI 500 Supply not used in 2000 Local Auth. Omakere School OMA007SC 53 I No surveillance School BoT Ongaonga School ONG002SC 118 IL FC test School BoT Otane Township WAI005OT 513 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Oueroa School OUE001SC 27 I No surveillance School BoT Porangahau Beach POR003PO 30 Complied FC test Local Auth. Porangahau Township POR003PT 130 Complied FC test Local Auth. Pourerere Beach Caravan Park POU005PO 10 (50) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Pukehou School PUK012SC 98 N FC test School BoT Sherwood School SHE002SC 72 IL FC test (fail) School BoT Smedley Station SME001SM 40 N FC test Private Takapau Township TAK001TA 570 I FC test Local Auth. b Te Aute College TEA004SC 275 N FC test School BoT Tikokino School TIK002SC 80 IL FC test School BoT Waipawa Township WAI005WA 1,809 I FC test Local Auth. b Wallingford School WAL002SC 30 N FC test School BoT
Chatham Islands Owenga School (Chatham Is.) OWE001SC 11 FAI No surveillance School BoT Pitt Island School PIT001SC 12 N No surveillance School BoT Te One School (Chatham Is.) TEO001SC 84 I No surveillance School BoT
Hastings District Allen Lane/Ferry Rd, Clive CLI001AL 90 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Bridge Pa School BRI003SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT Camp David CAM002CA 20 (175) N No surveillance Private Christian Youth Camp CHR003CH 10 (35) N No surveillance Private Chuckles Childcare Centre CHU001CH 29 N No surveillance Private Clifton Motor Camp CLI005CL 12 (100) N No surveillance Private Clive Motor Camp CLI006CL 15 (100) N No surveillance Private Clive School CLI003SC 234 I No surveillance School BoT Crownthorpe School CRO002SC 43 N No surveillance School BoT Eskdale School ESK001SC 170 I No surveillance School BoT Flaxmere HAS001FL 10,300 Complied FC test Local Auth. a Guthrie Smith Centre GUT001GU 40 (80) N FC test Private Hastings HAS001HA 27,500 Complied FC test Local Auth. b Haumoana HAU002HA 800 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Haumoana School HAU004SC 150 N No surveillance School BoT Havelock North HAV001HA 10,206 Complied FC test Local Auth. b Hawkes Bay Hospital HAW006HO 2,000 I No surveillance Health Service Provider Kereru School KER002SC 41 N FC test School BoT Lake Tutira Rest Area LAK010LA 4 (90) N No surveillance Regional Council Mangateretere School MAN033SC 123 N No surveillance School BoT Maraekakaho School MAR010SC 132 N FC test School BoT Maraetotara School MAR014SC 10 N No surveillance School BoT Omahu OMA008OM 111 Complied No surveillance Local Auth.
110 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Omahu School OMA009SC 63 N No surveillance School BoT Otamauri Playcentre OTA013SC 10 N No surveillance Private Paki Paki PAK008PA 50 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Paki Paki Bilingual School PAK009SC 172 N No surveillance School BoT Pakowhai School PAK007SC 28 IL No surveillance School BoT Patoka School PAT008SC 70 N No surveillance School BoT Poukawa School POU003SC 68 N FC test School BoT Pukehamoamoa School PUK013SC 35 I No surveillance School BoT Puketapu School PUK003PU 150 I No surveillance School BoT Puketitiri School PUK014SC 13 N No surveillance School BoT Putorino School PUT003SC 21 N No surveillance School BoT Raukawa School RAU003SC 70 N No surveillance School BoT Rissington School RIS001SC 23 N No surveillance School BoT Riverbend Centre RIV006RI 20 (180) N No surveillance Local Auth. Sherenden School SHE003SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Stoney Creek Ranch STO002ST 20 (80) N FC test Private Tareha School TAR003SC 45 N No surveillance School BoT Te Awanga HAU002TE 1,100 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Te Haroto School TEH006SC 6 N No surveillance School BoT Te Hauke School TEH005SC 27 N FC test School BoT Te Kohanga Reo O Whakatu TEK016SC 30 N No surveillance Private Te Pohue TEP009TE 64 N No surveillance Private TKKM O NK Ki Heretaunga TKK001SC 80 N FC test School BoT Tutira School TUT002SC 70 N No surveillance School BoT Twyford School TWY001SC 181 N No surveillance School BoT Valerie St/Tuckers Lane, Clive CLI001VA 280 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Waimarama WAI007WA 750 I No surveillance Local Auth. d Waipataki Beach WAI087WA 2 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Waipatu WAI135WA 48 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Whakatu WHA029WH 300 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Whirinaki, Hawkes Bay WHI007WH 600 I No surveillance Local Auth.
Napier City Bayview Township BAY001BA 1,280 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Meeanee School MEE001SC 67 I No surveillance School BoT Napier City NAP001NA 25,800 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Taradale NAP001TA 22,100 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b
Wairoa District Ardkeen School ARD001SC 11 I No surveillance School BoT Big Bush Holiday Park BIG001BI 10 (125) N No surveillance Private Blue Bay Motor Camp BLU003BL 10 (150) N No surveillance Private Frasertown WAI006FR 500 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Kokako School KOK002SC 27 N No surveillance School BoT Kotemaori School KOT001SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Lake Waikaremoana Motor Camp LAK009LA 5 (300) I No surveillance DOC Mahanga Beach MAH005MA 30 (30) N No surveillance Local Auth. Mahia Beach Camp MAH006MA 10 (150) N No surveillance Private Mohaka School MOH001SC 54 N No surveillance School BoT Nuhaka School NUH001SC 121 I No surveillance School BoT Ohuka School OHU002SC 12 N No surveillance School BoT Opoutama School OPO002SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Putere School PUT004SC 13 N No surveillance School BoT Ruakituri School RUA006SC 41 N No surveillance School BoT Te Mahia School TEM005SC 70 N No surveillance School BoT Te Reinga School TER002SC 21 N No surveillance School BoT Tuai TUA005TU 300 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. Tukemokihi School TUK002SC 10 FAI No surveillance School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 111 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Turiroa School TUR004SC 110 N No surveillance School BoT Waihua School WAI131SC 36 Zone closed 1999 School BoT Wairoa WAI006WA 5,000 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. a Whakaki School WHA028SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT YMCA Camp Opoutama YMC001YM 10 Zone closed 1999 Private
112 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Taranaki ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
New Plymouth District Ahititi Primary School AHI002SC 16 I No surveillance School BoT Bell Block NEW002BE 4,437 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Egmont Village School EGM001SC 85 I No surveillance School BoT Everett Road Christian Camp EVE002EV 50 (50) I No surveillance Private Hookner Park Camp Ground HOO002HO 25 (25) N No surveillance Private Huirangi Primary School HUI002SC 70 IL No surveillance School BoT Inglewood ING001IN 3,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Inglewood Golf Course ING002IN 25 N No surveillance Private Kaimata Primary School KAI031SC 63 I No surveillance School BoT Kaimiro School KAI033SC 25 I No surveillance School BoT Kaitake Golf Club KAI032KA 50 N No surveillance Private Lepperton NEW002LE 300 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Methanex Site MET003ME 200 N No surveillance Private Mimi Primary School MIM001SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT Motonui School * MOT019SC 80 I No surveillance School BoT New Plymouth NEW002NE 35,700 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Norfolk Primary School NOR010SC 99 IL No surveillance School BoT North Egmont Visitors Centre NOR009NO 25 N No surveillance DOC Oakura OAK001OA 1,300 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Okato OKA002OK 600 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Omata Primary School OMA010SC 98 N FC test (fail) School BoT Patuha Farm Lodge PAT009PA 25 I No surveillance Private Pukeiti Lodge PUK020PU 25 N No surveillance Private Ratanui Restaurant & Motel RAT004RA 25 Zone closed 12/98 Private Ratapiko Primary School RAT003SC 35 IL No surveillance School BoT Seventh Day Adventist School SEV001SC 35 I No surveillance School BoT Tarata Primary School TAR004SC 10 N No surveillance School BoT Tikorangi/Motunui TIK001TM 390 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Tongaporutu TON001TO 25 N No surveillance Private Urenui URE001UR 450 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Uruti Primary School URU002SC 14 N No surveillance School BoT Wai-iti Motor Camp WAI044WM 23 (450) N No surveillance Private Waitara NEW002WA 7,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Waitoriki Primary School WAI100SC 26 I No surveillance School BoT School is going onto reticulated town supply in early 2001
South Taranaki District Ashley Park Camp Ground ASH006AS 25 N No surveillance Private Cape Egmont Fishing Club CAP001CA 25 N FC test (fail) Private Dairyland Visitor Ctr. & Cafe DAI002DA 25 N No surveillance Private Eltham ELT001EL 2,200 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Fraser Road School FRA002SC 25 FI FC test School BoT Hawera HAW003HA 9,500 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Hurleyville School HUR004SC 25 N FC test (fail) School BoT Inaha INA001IN 500 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d Kakaramea School KAK004SC 50 N FC test (fail) School BoT Kaponga WAI018KA 300 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Kiwi Dairies, Whareroa Rd KIW004KI 1,000 from Oct No surveillance Private Manaia WAI018MA 1,100 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Mokoia School MOK005SC 50 N FC test School BoT Newall School NEW004SC 40 I No surveillance School BoT Ngaere School NGA006NG 134 IL No surveillance School BoT Ngamatapouri School NGA014SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Normanby HAW003NO 850 I No surveillance Local Auth. b Oaonui Production Station OAO003PS 75 IL No surveillance Private
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 113 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Oaonui School OAO002OA 25 N FC test (fail) School BoT Ohangai School OHA011SC 25 N FC test School BoT Ohawe Beach HAW003OH 270 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Okaiawa HAW003OK 100 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Opunake OPU001OP 1,500 IL No surveillance Local Auth. d Patea PAT001PA 1,400 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Pihama COL005PI 650 F No surveillance Local Auth. d Pungarehu School PUN003SC 50 N FC test School BoT Rahotu RAH001RA 120 Complied FC test Local Auth. Rawhitiroa School RAW003SC 25 FAI FC test School BoT Riverlea POP001RI 50 Complied FC test Local Auth. Taranaki Agricultural Research TAR005TA 25 N No surveillance Private Te Ngutu Golf Club TEN001TE 25 N No surveillance Private Wai-inu Beach WAI021WA 300 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Waimate West Rural WAI018RU 3,100 I No surveillance Local Auth. d Wairoa Beach Domain WAI020WA 170 F No surveillance Local Auth. Waitotara WAI019WA 15 N No surveillance Local Auth. Waitotora Meat Works WAI102WA 70 I No surveillance Private Waitotora School WAI101SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Warea School WAR004SC 55 N FC test School BoT Waverley WAV001WA 950 I No surveillance Local Auth. c Waverley Golf Club WAV002WA 25 N No surveillance Private Waverley Racing Club WAV003WA 50 N No surveillance Private Whenuakura School WHE001SC 70 N FC test (fail) School BoT
Stratford District Dawsons Falls Cntr & Konini Lg DAW001DA 25 N FC test (fail) DOC Douglas DOU001DO 25 N No surveillance Local Auth. Douglas Primary School DOU002SC 22 FIL No surveillance School BoT Huiakama School HUI001SC 31 IL No surveillance School BoT Makahu School MAK006SC 16 FAIL No surveillance School BoT Marco School MAR013SC 13 FIL No surveillance School BoT Matau School MAT026SC 10 IL No surveillance School BoT Midhirst MID001MI 240 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Pembroke Primary School PEM001SC 65 FAIL No surveillance School BoT Stanley School STA005SC 36 N No surveillance School BoT Stratford STR001ST 5,400 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Tahora School TAH006SC 25 I No surveillance School BoT Te Wera TEW001TE 25 (25) N No surveillance Local Auth. Toko TOK004TO 100 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Toko Primary School TOK009SC 108 N No surveillance School BoT
114 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Wanganui ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Rangitikei District Bulls RNZAF Area BUL001BR 800 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Bulls Township BUL001BU 1,000 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Flockhouse * FLO001FL 150 I FAC/FC test Private c Hunterville Township HUN001HU 400 FAIL FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Lake Alice LAK001LA 240 Zone closed 1/6/00 Health Service Provider d Mangaweka Township MAN001MA 250 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Marton Township MAR001MA 5,000 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Mataroa School MAT013SC 38 from Nov No surveillance School BoT Ngamatea School NGA008SC 25 I No surveillance School BoT Parewanui School PAR007SC 30 I No surveillance School BoT Pukeokahu School PUK010SC 25 I FC test (fail) School BoT Rangiwaea School RAN010SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Ratana Township RAT001RA 450 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a South Makirikiri School SOU004SC 137 I No surveillance School BoT Taihape Township TAI001TA 2,200 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Taoroa School TAO002SC 27 N No surveillance School BoT Turakina School TUR002SC 102 I FC test School BoT Whangaehu School WHA025SC 25 N No surveillance School BoT * Now called Rangitikei River Country Estate
Ruapehu District Irirangi Naval Station IRI001IR 10 N FAC/FC test NZDF e Ohakune Township OHA001OH 1500 (6500) L FC test Local Auth. d Orautoha School ORA005SC 15 N FC test (fail) School BoT Pipiriki School PIP002SC 16 N FC test (fail) School BoT Raetihi Township RAE001RA 1300 (1700) IL FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Rangataua RAN013RA 25 N No surveillance Private Turoa Skifield TUR003TU 10 (4000) N FC test Private Waiouru Township WAI002WA 2,800 I FAC/FC test NZDF a
Wanganui District Arles Wells ARL001AR 100 FA FC test Local Auth. b Brunswick-Westmere BRU001BR 450 FA FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. a Brunswick School BRU002SC 39 I FC test (fail) School BoT Fordell Township FOR001FO 350 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Green Pastures, Rapanui GRE003GR 40 (96) N FC test (fail) Private Kaitoke KAI002KA 420 from Nov FAC/FC test Dept. of Corrections Kaitoke School KAI023SC 70 N FC test School BoT Kaiwhaiki Pa KAI001KA 300 N FC test Private Kakatahi School KAK003SC 26 I No surveillance School BoT Landguard Bluff LAN001LA 25 N FAC/FC test NZDF Mangamahu School MAN019SC 40 N FC test (fail) School BoT Mosston School MOS003SC 121 FAI FC test School BoT Mowhanau Beach MOW001MO 300 Complied FC test Local Auth. b Okoia OKO002OK 25 N FC test Private Okoia School OKO001SC 34 I No surveillance School BoT Otumaire Camp OTU003OT 25 N No surveillance DOC Parikino School PAR008SC 89 N No surveillance School BoT Pipiriki PIP001PI 25 N No surveillance DOC Putiki (Airport Road) PUT002PU 120 FA FC test Local Auth. b Ranana School RAN011SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Raukawa Falls YMCA Camp RAU002RA 25 N FC test (fail) Private Scoutlands, Wanganui SCO001SC 46 N FAC/FC test Private Upokongaro School UPO001SC 86 FI No surveillance School BoT Wanganui City WAN001WA 41,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 115 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Wanganui SDA School WAN003SC 11 N FC test School BoT
116 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Manawatu ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Horowhenua District Foxton FOX002FO 2,700 from Aug FC test Local Auth. c Foxton Beach FOX003FO 1600 (2500) from Aug FC test Local Auth. c Himatangi Estate HIM002HI 35 N No surveillance Private Koputaroa School KOP002SC 160 I FC test School BoT Levin LEV001LE 20,000 from Aug FC test (fail) Local Auth. b Manakau School MAN015SC 59 FAI FC test School BoT Muhunoa East School MUH001ME 22 N FC test School BoT Opiki School OPI001SC 80 N FC test (fail) School BoT Poroutawhao School POR006SC 77 N FC test (fail) School BoT Shannon SHA001SH 1,500 from Aug FC test Local Auth. a Tokomaru TOK002TO 545 from Aug FC test Local Auth. b
Manawatu District Apiti School API001SC 37 N FC test School BoT Awahou School AWA004SC 63 N FC test School BoT Bainesse School BAI001SC 27 N FC test School BoT Bunnythorpe BUN001BU 450 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Cheltenham KIW003CH 100 FA No surveillance Private Colyton School COL006SC 95 FAI FC test School BoT Feilding FEI001FE 13,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Glen Oroua School GLE007SC 36 FAL FC test School BoT Halcombe-Stanway HAL001HA 475 F Audit Local Auth. c Highland Home Christian Camp HIG001HI 40 N FC test (fail) Private Himatangi Beach HIM001HI 400 (1200) Complied Audit Local Auth. c Hiwinui School HIW001SC 60 N FC test School BoT Kairanga School KAI017SC 135 I FC test School BoT Kimbolton KIW003KI 115 N No surveillance Private Kopane School KOP001SC 35 I FC test School BoT Longburn LON001LO 240 Complied Audit Local Auth. Longburn Adventist College LON002SC 210 from Jul No surveillance School BoT Longburn ex-Freezing Works LON003LO 50 Complied No surveillance Private Mainland Products, Longburn MAI004MA 25 N No surveillance Private Manawatu Beef Packers MAN029MA 230 Complied FC test Private Mt Biggs Community Hall MTB001HA 70 N No surveillance School BoT Mt Biggs School MTB001SC 70 N FC test School BoT Newbury School NEW003SC 155 N FC test School BoT Ohakea OHA002OH 1,000 from Sep Audit NZDF c Oroua Downs School ORO003SC 120 N FC test School BoT Oroua No. 1 ORO001OR 60 F No surveillance Private c Rangi Woods Camp RAN019RA 35 N FC test Private Rangiwahia School RAN008SC 24 N No surveillance School BoT Rongotea School RON001SC 205 I FC test (fail) School BoT Sanitarium Hlth Foods Longburn SAN005LO 100 N No surveillance Private Sanson SAN001SA 450 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Sanson School SAN004SC 125 N FC test School BoT Taikorea School TAI005SC 12 N FC test School BoT Tangimoana D.C.U. TAN005TA 25 Complied Audit NZDF Tangimoana School TAN002SC 22 N FC test School BoT Taonui School TAO001SC 60 N FC test School BoT Te Kawau Playcentre TEK019TE 24 FAI No surveillance Private Utuwai School UTU001SC 11 N FC test School BoT Waituna West WAI022WA 200 FA Audit Local Auth. c
Palmerston North City Aokautere PAL001AO 2,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 117 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Aokautere School AOK001SC 90 N FC test School BoT Ashhurst ASH001AS 2,800 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Fitzherbert West PAL001FW 300 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Kelvin Grove PAL001KG 3,500 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Linton LIN001LI 4,300 Complied Audit NZDF d Linton School * LIN004SC 30 N FC test School BoT Massey University MAS001MA 12,000 Complied Audit Private a Palmerston North City PAL001PC 65,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Whakarongo School WHA021SC 156 N FC test School BoT * Name Change to Linton Country School
Tararua District Akitio AKI001AK 30 (1000) FAI FC test Local Auth. b Awariki School AWA005SC 38 FAIL FC test School BoT Ballance School BAL002SC 60 I FC test (fail) School BoT Dannevirke DAN001DA 6,000 I FC test Local Auth. b DB Brewery, Mangatainoka DBB001DB 25 N FC test Private Eketahuna EKE001EK 600 Complied FC test Local Auth. d Hinemoa HIN004HI 25 N FC test Private Kohinui School KOH001SC 30 IL FC test School BoT Kumeroa-Hopelands School KUM002SC 48 N FC test School BoT Makuri School MAK004SC 25 N FC test School BoT Mangamaire School MAN018SC 95 IL FC test School BoT Mangatainoka School MAN016SC 36 FI FC test School BoT Matamau School MAT012SC 47 N FC test School BoT Motea School MOT008SC 31 N FC test School BoT Nireaha School NIR001SC 27 IL FC test School BoT Norsewear Factory, Norsewood NOR011NO 28 (38) N FC test (fail) Private Norsewood NOR002NO 200 Complied FC test Local Auth. e Ormondville School ORM001SC 54 N FC test (fail) School BoT Pahiatua PAH001PA 2,700 Complied FC test Local Auth. b Papatawa School PAP003SC 28 N FC test School BoT Pleckville PLE002PL 200 N FC test (fail) Private Pongaroa PON001PO 400 F FC test Local Auth. b Richmond Oringi Freezing Works RIC004RI 600 L FC test Private Rua Roa School RUA004SC 68 IL FC test (fail) School BoT Ruahine School RUA005SC 108 N FC test School BoT Weber School WEB001SC 49 N FC test School BoT Woodville WOO001WO 1,200 Complied FC test Local Auth. b
118 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Wairarapa ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Carterton District Carterton CAR001CA 4,200 FI Audit Local Auth. b Dalefield School DAL002SC 79 (79) from Feb Audit School BoT Gladstone School GLA001SC 120 (120) I Audit School BoT Taratahi Ag.Training Centre TAR006TA 320 N No surveillance Private
Masterton District Ararangi Camp ARA005AR 54 (60) Complied No surveillance Private Camp Anderson CAM004CA 60 (60) F Audit Private Castlepoint Holiday Park CAS001HO 100 (70) F Audit Private Castlepoint Motels CAS001CA 30 N No surveillance Private Fernridge FER001FE 320 F Audit Private Masterton MAS002MA 19,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Mauriceville MAU003MA 80 F Audit Private Mauriceville School MAU005SC 40 (40) N No surveillance School BoT Miki Miki School MIK001SC 25 (25) N FC test School BoT Okatutete School OKA009SC 36 (36) N No surveillance School BoT Opaki OPA001OP 600 FI Audit Private Rathkeale College RAT005SC 350 Complied Audit School BoT Riversdale Motor Camp RIV004MC 100 (478) Complied Audit Private Taueru TAU007TA 50 FAI Audit Local Auth. Tinui TIN002TI 120 Complied Audit Local Auth. Wainuioru Rural Water WAI058WA 184 F No surveillance Private Whakataki Hotel WHA038WH 25 (45) N No surveillance Private Whareama School WHA039SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT
South Wairarapa District Featherston FEA001FE 2,580 Complied Audit Local Auth. Greytown GRE002GR 1,952 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Kahutara School KAH002SC 106 I Audit School BoT Lake Ferry Camping Ground LAK004LA 250 (250) Complied Audit Local Auth. Martinborough MAR003MA 1,505 Complied Audit Local Auth. b South Featherston School SOU006SC 40 (95) N No surveillance School BoT Tuturumuri School TUT003SC 29 (29) I FC test School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 119 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Hutt Valley ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Kapiti Coast District El Rancho Christian Camp ELR001ER 200 Complied No surveillance Private e Firth StressCrete, Otaki FIR001FI 30 N No surveillance Private Forest Lakes Camp Homestead FOR002HO 30 Complied No surveillance Private Forest Lakes Christian Camp FOR002FL 100 Complied No surveillance Private Gary Rd Water Supply GAR003GA 25 N No surveillance Private Hautere HAU003HA 735 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Otaki OTA003OT 5,200 A Audit Local Auth. b Paekakariki PAE002PA 1,671 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Palm Grove Christian Camp PAL003PG 100 N FC test (fail) Private Paraparaumu PAR001PA 19,965 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Peka Peka WAI010PP 149 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Riverslea Lodge RIV005RL 30 N FC test Private e Te H2 Oro Water Supply TEH008TE 90 N No surveillance Private Waikanae WAI010WA 8,504 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Waitohu OTA003WA 910 Complied Audit Local Auth.
Porirua City Mana/Plimmerton/Paremata POR001MA 6,169 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Porirua High Level POR001PH 13,364 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Porirua Low Level POR001PL 16,982 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Pukerua Bay POR001PU 1,781 Complied Audit Local Auth. a The Lodge at the Inlet THE004TH 90 N FC test Private Whitby POR001WH 8,330 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
The Hutt City Brookfield Scout Camp BRO002BR 115 Complied Audit Private b Eastbourne LOW001EA 4,460 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Haywards LOW001HA 320 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Lower Hutt LOW001LO 54,500 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Petone LOW001PE 7,700 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Stokes Valley LOW001ST 9,200 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Wainuiomata LOW001WA 18,300 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Upper Hutt City Akatarawa Camp AKA002AK 130 from Feb No surveillance Private Black Stump Youth Hostel BLA006BL 25 N No surveillance Private Kaitoke Country Gardens KAI035KA 90 N FC test Private Kiwi Ranch - Upper Hutt KIW002KI 150 N FC test Private Mangaroa School MAN027SC 80 I Audit School BoT d Pinehaven UPP001PI 3,600 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Staglands STA002SW 25 N FC test (fail) Private Upper Hutt Central UPP001UP 31,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Wellington City Boom Rock Lodge BOO001BO 40 I No surveillance Private Brooklyn WEL002BR 12,400 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Churton WEL002CH 2,170 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Country Club Riding Acad. Cafe COU002CO 10 I FC test Private Eastern Wellington WEL002EA 23,400 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Johnsonville WEL002JO 18,700 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Karori WEL002KA 12,600 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Karori Golf Club Inc. KAR009KA 90 N FC test (fail) Private Kelburn WEL002KE 5,660 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Lazy Dog Diner, Makara Beach LAZ001LA 40 N FC test (fail) Private Ohariu Model School OHA012SC 15 N FC test (fail) School BoT
120 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Onslow WEL002ON 14,230 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Southern Wellington WEL002SO 11,200 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Tawa WEL002TA 13,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Wadestown WEL002WA 6,350 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Wellington Central WEL002WE 22,100 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 121 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Nelson ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Nelson City Glenwood GLE013GL 40 I FC test Private Hira School HIR001HS 97 (97) I FC test School BoT Nelson City NEL001NE 20,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Stoke NEL001ST 20,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d
Tasman District Anchorage ABE001AN 25 (100) FI FC test DOC Appleby School APP001AS 106 (106) I FC test School BoT Awaroa ABE001AW 10 (50) N No surveillance DOC Awaroa Lodge, Abel Tas. NP AWA007AW 30 (80) FI No surveillance Private Bark Bay ABE001BB 25 (175) FI FC test DOC Brooklyn Community BRO004BR 75 I FC test Private Brooklyn School BRO001BS 85 (85) from Feb FC test School BoT Central Takaka CEN002CT 200 N FC test Private Central Takaka School CEN004SC 50 (50) I FC test School BoT Collingwood Area School COL004CA 250 (250) F FC test School BoT Collingwood Motor Camp COL003CM 25 (200) N FC test Private Dovedale Rural DOV001DO 450 F FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Eighty Eight Valley Rural EIG001EI 200 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Eves Vly Sawmill Carter Holt EVE001EV 270 I FC test Private Foxhill School FOX004FS 31 (31) FI FC test School BoT Golden Bay High School GOL001GB 370 (370) Complied FC test School BoT Graham Downs Community GRA002GR 40 N FC test (fail) Private Hamama Rural HAM004HA 50 N FC test (fail) Local Auth. Hope/Brightwater HOP001HO 2,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Kaiteriteri KAI015KA 300 (4500) Complied FC test Local Auth. Lake Rotoiti LAK013LA 50 (2500) Complied FC test DOC Lake Rotoiti School LAK005LR 32 (32) I FC test (fail) School BoT Lower Moutere School LOW003LM 240 (240) F FC test (fail) School BoT Lower Moutere Water Scheme LOW006LO 150 N FC test Private Mahana School MAH002MS 73 (73) FI FC test School BoT Mapua Ruby Bay WAI023MR 1,500 I FAC test Local Auth. a Marahau Motor Camp MAR004MM 20 (200) N FC test Private Motueka MOT001MO 1,200 F FC test Local Auth. d Motueka Family Service Centre MOT012MO 50 I FC test Private Motueka High School MOT005MH 700 (700) Complied FC test School BoT Motueka South School MOT004MS 240 (240) I FC test School BoT Motupipi School MOT006MS 93 (93) from Feb FC test School BoT Murchison MUR001MU 680 Complied FAC test Local Auth. c Ngati Rarua Atiawa Iwi Trust NGA022NG 10 (90) N FC test Private Ngatimoti School NGA005NS 70 (70) I FC test School BoT Ngawhatu Hospital NGA004NH 110 Complied FC test Private Old McDonalds Farm OLD001OL 25 (180) N FC test Private Pakawau Motor Camp PAK002PM 25 (230) N FC test Private Para Para PAR005PP 55 (200) N FC test Private Parklands School PAR006PS 340 (340) from Feb FC test School BoT Pohara POH001PV 150 (2000) Complied FAC test Local Auth. Quinneys Bush Camp QUI001QU 25 (400) FAI FC test Private Redwoods #1 RED001R1 180 Complied FAC test Local Auth. Redwoods #2 RED001R2 370 Complied FAC test Local Auth. Richmond RIC002RI 10,500 Complied FC test Local Auth. c Riverside Community RIV008RI 75 (85) I FC test Private Riwaka School RIW001RS 215 (215) Complied FC test School BoT St Peter Chanel School STP001SP 82 (82) from Feb FC test School BoT Strange's Collingwood COL007ST 30 N FC test Local Auth.
122 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Takaka School TAK003TS 167 (167) from Feb FC test School BoT Talley's (Port Motueka) POR004TA 350 (500) Complied No surveillance Private Tapawera TAP003TA 400 Complied FAC test Local Auth. Tasman Bay Christian School TAS003SC 70 (70) FI FC test (fail) Private Tasman School TAS001TS 63 (63) I FC test School BoT The Barn THE005TH 25 (120) N FC test (fail) Private Torrent Bay Village TOR002TO 25 N No surveillance Local Auth. Totara Ave, Pakawau TOT001TO 100 N FC test (fail) Private Totaranui ABE001TO 10 (1000) I FC test DOC Tui Community TUI001TU 40 (50) FAI FC test (fail) Private Tukurua TUK001TU 25 N FC test Private Upper Takaka UPP002UT 50 FA FC test Local Auth. Waimea Industrial WAI023WA 180 Complied FAC test Local Auth. a Wakefield WAK001WA 1,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 123 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Marlborough ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Marlborough District Anakiwa ANA001AN 200 FI FC test (fail) Private Aussie Bay AUS001AB 25 (25) N FC test (fail) DOC Bellview Bay BEL002BE 168 N FC test (fail) Private Blenheim BLE001BL 20,502 Complied FC test Local Auth. b Bulwer Tourist Resort BUL002BU 35 (35) N FC test (fail) Private Camp Bay, Endeavour Inlet CAM003CA 30 (30) N FC test (fail) DOC Canvastown School CAN002SC 33 I FC test School BoT Cedarview Motel CED001CE 28 (28) N FC test (fail) Private Chartridge Park CHA006CH 40 (40) N FC test Private Cowshed Bay Camp COW001CO 60 (60) N FC test DOC Craglee Lodge * CRA001CR 10 (10) N FC test (fail) Private Dashwood Rural SED001DA 100 FA FC test (fail) Local Auth. e Deep Creek Hut DEE001DE 80 (80) N FC test Private Dip Flat Camp DIP002DI 200 I FC test NZDF Duncan Bay DUN006DU 24 (280) N FC test (fail) Private Duncannon Caravan Pk.Blenheim DUN005DU 200 (200) N FC test Private DUrville Is, Wilderness Resort DUR001DU 30 N No surveillance Private Elaine Bay ELA001EL 25 (50) N FC test (fail) DOC Endeavour Resort END001EN 50 (50) N FC test (fail) Private Fairhall School FAI003SC 160 I FC test School BoT French Pass Camp FRE003FR 60 (60) N FC test DOC French Pass School FRE002SC 15 FI FC test School BoT Furneaux Lodge FUR001FU 130 (130) N FC test (fail) Private Gem Resort GEM001GE 60 (60) N FC test (fail) Private Grove Bridge Holiday Park GRO003GB 450 (450) N FC test Private Grovetown Hotel * GRO002GR 120 N FC test Private Grovetown School GRO001SC 73 N FC test School BoT Haka Haka HAK004HA 54 (54) N FC test (fail) Private Havelock HAV002HA 504 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Hopewell * HOP002HO 18 (18) N FC test Private Junction Hotel * JUN001JU 150 N FC test Private Kiwi Ranch, Curious Cove KIW005KI 140 (140) N FC test (fail) Private Koromiko School KOR001SC 60 I FC test School BoT Lazy Fish Backpackers * LAZ002LA 22 (22) N FC test (fail) Private Linkwater Lodge LIN008LI 25 (25) N FC test Private Linkwater School LIN006SC 50 I FC test (fail) School BoT Lochmara Lodge LOC002LO 36 (36) N No surveillance Private Marfells Beach MAR015MA 150 (150) N FC test DOC Mistletoe Bay MIS001MI 50 (50) N FC test (fail) DOC Moenui MOE001MO 50 (192) N FC test (fail) Private Moetapu Bay MOE002MO 25 (105) N FC test (fail) Private Momorangi Bay Camp MOM001MO 500 (500) N FAC/FC test DOC Ngakuta Bay NGA020NG 50 (65) N FC test (fail) Private Nydia Bay Lodge NYD001NY 100 (100) N No surveillance DOC Okaramio School * OKA005SC 15 N FC test School BoT Okaramio Tavern * OKA008OK 25 N FC test (fail) Private Okiwa Park OKI001OK 100 (100) I FAC/FC test Private Okiwi Bay OKI003OK 100 (100) N FC test (fail) Private Okiwi Bay Holiday Park OKI002OK 40 (70) N FC test (fail) Private Okiwi Bay Old Scheme OKI003OS 100 (100) N FC test (fail) Private Onamalutu ONA001ON 150 (150) N FC test DOC Pelorus Bridge PEL001PE 120 (120) N FC test (fail) DOC Penzance/Tuna Bay PEN002TB 105 (105) N FC test (fail) Private Picton/Waikawa PIC001PI 3,900 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c
124 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Pohuenui Island Lodge POH002PO 40 (40) N FC test (fail) Private Portage Hotel POR007PO 150 (150) N FC test (fail) Private Punga Cove PUN006PU 100 (100) N FC test (fail) Private Queen Charlotte Chalets QUE002QU 25 (25) Unable to contact Private Queen Charlotte Resort QUE003QU 90 (90) N FC test (fail) Private Raetihi Lodge, Double Bay RAE003RA 28 (28) N No surveillance Private Rai Valley Camping Ground * RAI003RA 25 N FC test (fail) Private Rai Valley School RAI004SC 184 N FC test (fail) School BoT Rai Valley Subdivision * RAI002RA 25 N FC test Private Rai Valley Tavern * RAI007RA 85 N FC test (fail) Private Rapaura School RAP001SC 110 N FC test School BoT Rarangi RAR001RA 60 L FC test Private Renwick REN001RE 1,550 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Resolution Bay Cabins RES001RE 70 (70) N FC test (fail) Private Riverlands Industrial Estate RIV002RI 200 N FC test Local Auth. Riverlands School RIV010SC 225 N FC test School BoT Seddon,Awatere Valley SED001SE 600 FAI FC test (fail) Local Auth. e Ship Cove * SHI003SH 1 (15) N FC test (fail) DOC Smiths Farm SMI002SM 50 (50) N FAC/FC test Private Spring Creek Camp SPR004SP 200 (200) N FC test Private Spring Creek School SPR005SC 65 N FC test School BoT St Omer House STO003ST 100 (100) N FC test (fail) Private Te Mahia Bay Resort TEM006TE 80 (80) N FC test Private Te Pangu Lodge TEP010TE 20 (20) N No surveillance Private Te Rawa, Wilson Bay TER006TE 36 (36) N FC test (fail) Private Tennyson Inlet TEN002TE 50 (50) N FC test DOC Thompson Scheme OKI001TH 20 (85) N FC test (fail) Private Trout Hotel, Canvastown TRO002TR 26 N FC test Private Tuamarina School TUA006SC 90 N FC test School BoT Tuamarina West TUA008WE 30 FI FC test Private Waihopai Terraces WAI132WA 20 N FC test Private Wairau Valley WAI034WA 125 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Waitaria Bay School WAI077SC 25 N FC test (fail) School BoT Waitata Bay Lodge WAI133WA 60 (60) N FC test (fail) Private Wakamarina-Pinedale Camping WAK002WA 100 (100) N FAC/FC test (fail) Private Ward WAR003WA 250 N FC test Private Waterfall Bay Lodge WAT001WA 25 (25) N FC test (fail) Private Whatamango Bay WHA037WH 30 (30) N FC test DOC Whites Bay Camp WHI006WH 300 (300) N FC test (fail) DOC Woodbourne RNZAF Base WOO004WO 1,500 Complied FAC/FC test NZDF Wrekin, Fairhall WRE001WR 30 N FC test Private * Zones now closd
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 125 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 West Coast ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Buller District Birchfield BIR002BI 50 N No surveillance Private Carters Beach WES001CA 300 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Charleston Motor Camp CHA005CH 25 N No surveillance Private Granity GRA001GR 100 N No surveillance Private Hector HEC001HE 100 N No surveillance Private Inangahua Junction INA002IN 75 N No surveillance Private Inangahua Junction School INA002SC 14 I No surveillance School BoT Karamea Motor Camp KAR008KA 25 N No surveillance Private Karamea School KAR006SC 147 N No surveillance School BoT Maruia School MAR011SC 30 FAI No surveillance School BoT Mokihinui MOK001MO 50 N No surveillance Local Auth. e Ngakawau HEC001NG 68 N No surveillance Private d Punakaiki PUN001PU 50 (500) Complied Audit Local Auth. d Punakaiki Information Centre PUN005PU 25 N Audited DOC Reefton REE001RE 1,107 Complied Audit Local Auth. e Waimangaroa WAI001WA 200 N No surveillance Local Auth. d Westport WES001WE 5,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a
Grey District Ahaura School AHA001AH 40 N No surveillance School BoT Ahaura Township AHA001TO 160 N No surveillance Local Auth. Barrytown School BAR001SC 41 N No surveillance School BoT Blackball BLA001BL 371 Complied Audit Local Auth. c (b) Camping Ground at Moana MOA002CA 117 N No surveillance Private Cobden GRE001CO 1,839 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Dobson TAY001DO 464 from Jun Audit Local Auth. c Greymouth GRE001GM 5,676 I Audit Local Auth. b Kaiata School KAI026SC 43 N No surveillance School BoT Lake Brunner School LAK008SC 24 I No surveillance School BoT Moonlight School MOO001SC 12 N No surveillance School BoT Nelson Creek NEL003NE 50 N No surveillance Private Ngahere School NGA011SC 27 I No surveillance School BoT Paroa School PAR011SC 125 N No surveillance School BoT Rapahoe RUN001RA 102 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Rotomanu School ROT005RO 24 FAI No surveillance School BoT Runanga RUN001RU 1,337 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d Shantytown SHA003SH 50 N No surveillance Local Auth. Stillwater STI001ST 122 F Audit Local Auth. c (e) Taylorville TAY001TA 198 Complied Audit Local Auth. b Te Kinga TEK018TE 10 Did not respond to survey Private Totara Flat School TOT002SC 52 N No surveillance School BoT
Westland District Arahura Pa ARA001AR 85 Complied Audit Local Auth. d Fox Glacier FOX001FO 235 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Franz Josef FRA001FR 300 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Franz Josef Motor Camp FRA003FR 25 N No surveillance Private Haast HAA001HA 80 FA Audit Local Auth. d Haast Motor Camp HAA003HA 25 N No surveillance Private Haast School HAA002SC 37 FAI No surveillance School BoT Harihari HAR001HA 387 FA Audit Local Auth. b Hokitika HOK001HO 3,500 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Jacobs River School JAC001SC 10 FAI No surveillance School BoT Kaniere HOK001KA 200 N Audit Local Auth. Kokatahi School KOK003SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT
126 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Kumara KUM001KU 291 FA Audit Local Auth. b Lake Kaniere Camp Ground LAK011LA 25 (110) N No surveillance DOC Lake Moeraki Wilderness Lodge LAK012LA 25 N No surveillance Private Okarito OKA001OK 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. Otira OTI001OT 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. e Ross ROS001RO 289 FA Audit Local Auth. d South Westland Area School HAR001SC 200 N No surveillance School BoT Whataroa WHA002WH 230 FA Audit Local Auth. c
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 127 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Canterbury ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Ashburton District Agr. Research, Winchmore AGR001AG 7 FIL No surveillance Private Ashburton ASH003AS 15,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Ashburton Airport ASH009AS 100 from Aug No surveillance Local Auth. Ashburton Golf Club ASH007GC 600 I No surveillance Private Ashburton Hospital ASH005AS 200 Complied No surveillance Health Service Provider Ashburton Hotel ASH008HO 200 Complied FC test Private Carew School CAR004SC 60 I FC test School BoT Chertsey CHE002CH 100 I No surveillance Local Auth. c Dorie School DOR001SC 48 Complied No surveillance School BoT Dromore DRO001DR 75 I No surveillance Local Auth. c Fairton FAI001FA 170 I No surveillance Local Auth. c Hakatere Huts HAK001HH 50 (250) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Hakatere Huts – Lower Tce. HAK003HA 50 (250) FI Audit Private Highbank Society Water Supply HIG002HI 400 from Jul FC test Private Hinds HIN001HI 200 F No surveillance Local Auth. b Kohuia Lodge KOH003KO 45 Did not respond to survey Private Lagmhor School LAG001SC 50 Did not respond to survey School BoT Lismore School LIS001SC 39 Closed 1999 School BoT Longbeach School LON004SC 86 I Audit School BoT Lowcliffe School LOW007SC 57 I FC test School BoT Lyndhurst School LYN001SC 34 Closed 1999 School BoT Mayfield MAY001MA 120 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Methven Township MET001ME 900 (1800) Complied FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. c Methven Youth Lodge MET004ME 25 from Aug FC test (fail) Private Methven/Springfield MET002MS 160 F No surveillance Local Auth. b Montalto/Klondyke MON001MO 30 F No surveillance Local Auth. d Mt Hutt Ski Field MTH001MT 3500 (3500) N FAC test Private Mt Potts Lodge MTP001MT 50 I FC test Local Auth. Mt Somers Township MTS001MS 120 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b PPCS Fairton PPC002FA 400 L No surveillance Private Rakaia South Fishing Huts RAK004RA 100 N No surveillance Private Rakaia Township RAK001RA 750 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Rangitata North Fishing Huts RAN018RA 300 I No surveillance Private Springburn School SPR001SC 1 School closed 1999 School BoT The Homestead, Mt Hutt Station THE007TH 25 from Jul FC test (fail) Private Wakanui School WAK003SC 60 N FC test School BoT Westerfield School WES008SC 1 School closed 1999 School BoT Winchmore WIN003WI 75 I No surveillance Local Auth. c
Banks Peninsula District Akaroa Winery AKA004AK 460 N FC test Private Aylemers AKA001AY 900 (6000) Complied Audit Local Auth. Bell Bird Heights LIV001BB 36 I No surveillance Private Birdlings Flat BIR001BI 240 FA Audit Local Auth. Diamond Harbour Low LYT001DL 600 Complied Audit Local Auth. e Diamond Harbour Top LYT001DT 90 FA Audit Local Auth. e Duvauchelle DUV001DU 440 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. French Farm Winery FRE005FR 100 N FC test Private Governors Bay Low LYT001GL 390 Complied Audit Local Auth. c Governors Bay Middle LYT001GM 500 N No surveillance Local Auth. c Governors Bay Top LYT001GT 10 N No surveillance Local Auth. c L'Aube Hill AKA001LA 450 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Little River LIT001LI 240 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Little River School LIT002SC 90 I No surveillance School BoT
128 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Lyttelton Low LYT001LL 180 FA Audit Local Auth. d Lyttelton Middle LYT001LM 1,380 A Audit Local Auth. e Lyttelton Top LYT001LT 570 FA Audit Local Auth. e Main Camp LIV001MA 180 I No surveillance Private Outdoor Camping Centre LIV001OC 30 FAI No surveillance Private Pigeon Bay PIG001PI 50 I Audit Local Auth. Purau Motor Camp PUR008PU 50 (400) N No surveillance Private Takamatua TAK002TA 280 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. The Farm Park LIV001FA 100 I No surveillance Private Wainui WAI138WA 320 I FC test Local Auth.
Christchurch City Adams House * CHR004AD 130 N No surveillance School BoT Briggston Primary School BRI002SC 91 Did not respond to survey School BoT Brooklands BRO003BR 150 Complied Audit Local Auth. Central Christchurch CHR001CE 175,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Christchurch Hospital CHR005CH 1,200 Complied FC test Health Service Provider Christchurch Int. Airport CHR002CI 1,500 Complied FC test Private b Freeville Primary School FRE001SC 330 Did not respond to survey School BoT Glenmoor Primary School GLE008SC 80 Did not respond to survey School BoT Halswell Primary School HAL005SC 516 Did not respond to survey School BoT Hammersley Park Primary School HAM005SC 156 Did not respond to survey School BoT Kainga KAI019KA 200 Complied Audit Local Auth. Kings Christian School KIN004SC 31 Did not respond to survey School BoT Linwood Ave Primary School LIN005SC 455 Did not respond to survey School BoT Mairehau Primary School MAI001SC 260 from Aug No surveillance School BoT Marshlands Primary School MAR008SC 144 I No surveillance School BoT McKenzie Residential School MCK001SC 70 Did not respond to survey School BoT North-West Christchurch CHR001NW 70,000 Complied FC test Local Auth. a North New Brighton Pri.Sch. NOR008SC 335 I No surveillance School BoT Northcote Primary School NOR007SC 162 Closed 4/00 School BoT Ouruhia Primary School OUR001SC 62 Did not respond to survey School BoT Paparua Mens Prison PAP009ME 1,200 I Audit Dept. of Corrections Paparua Womens Prison PAP009WO 210 I Audit Dept. of Corrections Parklands CHR001PA 7,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Pathology Building CHR005PA 400 Complied FC test Health Service Provider Princess Margaret Hospital PRI001PM 600 Complied FC test Health Service Provider Riccarton CHR001RI 7,000 F FC test Local Auth. a Richmond Primary School RIC003SC 209 Did not respond to survey School BoT Rocky Point CHR001RP 3,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. a Shirley Primary School SHI002SC 260 Did not respond to survey School BoT South Hornby Primary School SOU003SC 317 N No surveillance School BoT Spencer Holiday Park SPE002SP 30 (2000) FAI Audit Private Sunnyside Hospital SUN001SU 300 Complied FC test Health Service Provider Templeton Centre TEM007TE 35 FA Audit Health Service Provider The Groynes THE006TG 150 (300) I FC test Local Auth. Waimairi School WAI122SC 350 from Aug No surveillance School BoT Wainoni Primary School WAI060SC 200 Did not respond to survey School BoT West Christchurch CHR001WE 30,000 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. a West Spreydon Primary School WES006SC 253 Did not respond to survey School BoT Yaldhurst Primary School YAL001SC 130 I No surveillance School BoT
Hurunui District Amberley Beach/Rural AMB001AR 480 Complied FC test Local Auth. d Amberley Town AMB001AT 1,200 I FC test Local Auth. d Amuri Ski Field AMU002AM 105 (100) N FC test Private Ashley/Sefton Rural ASH002AS 3,500 FA FC test (fail) Local Auth. d Balmoral Rural Water Supply BAL003BA 200 I No surveillance Local Auth.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 129 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Blythe Rural Water Supply HUR002HU 50 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. Boyle Rvr.Outdoor Ed.Centre BOY001BO 25 I No surveillance Private Carter Holt Harvey-Sefton CAR003CA 200 F No surveillance Private Cheviot Rural CHE001CR 240 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. d Cheviot Town CHE001CT 460 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. d Culverden CUL001CU 475 I FAC test Local Auth. Ethelton ETH001ET 84 FA No surveillance Local Auth. Forest Camp HAN002FC 25 FI FAC test Local Auth. Gore Bay, Port Robinson PAT005GO 300 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. Hanmer AA Camp HAN003HA 100 FI No surveillance Private Hanmer Town HAN001HA 900 (3000) I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Hawarden/Waikari HAW001HW 750 I FC test Local Auth. b Hurunui Hotel HUR003HU 25 FI FC test Private Leithfield Beach LEI004LE 400 (600) Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Leithfield/Rural LEI001LE 500 Complied FC test Local Auth. a Lower Waitohi KAR005KA 300 FA No surveillance Local Auth. Motunau, Greta, Scargill MOT016MO 600 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. e Mt Lyford Ski Field MTL001SK 4 (200) I No surveillance Private Mt Lyford Ski Village MTL001MT 40 I No surveillance Private Parnassus Rural PAR009PA 100 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. Peaks Rural Water Supply PEA001PE 100 FA No surveillance Local Auth. Rotherham Township and Rural AMU001RO 400 I No surveillance Local Auth. Staging Post STA006ST 30 N No surveillance Private Waiau Rural WAI067WA 300 FAI No surveillance Local Auth. Waiau Township WAI026WT 400 FAI FC test (fail) Local Auth. Waipara Boys Brigade Camp WAI137WA 300 I No surveillance Private Waipara Springs Winery WAI083WA 10 I No surveillance Private Waipara Township WAI068WA 220 FA FC test (fail) Local Auth. Waitohi Upper, Waipara WAI066UP 400 FA No surveillance Local Auth. Woodland Cabins WOO008WO 1 Zone closed 1999 DOC
Kaikoura District Boat Harbour Camp GOO002BO 1 (65) N FAC/FC test (fail) DOC Clematis Grove Motel CLE002CL 100 I Audit Private Fernleigh Rural Water Supply FER003FE 150 FA FAC/FC test Local Auth. Fyffe Country Inn FYF001FY 5 (12) FAI Audit Private Goose Bay Camp GOO002GO 10 (500) FAI Audit DOC Kaikoura Airport KAI038KA 5 I Audit Private Kaikoura East Coast Rural KAI021EA 150 FAI FC test Private Kaikoura Golf Club KAI022KA 50 N FC test Private Kaikoura Urban KAI004KU 2,000 FAI FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. e Kekerengu KEK001KE 25 N FC test (fail) Private Kekerengu Restaurant KEK001RE 300 I FC test Private Kincaid Rural Water Supply KIN003KI 120 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Oaro OAR001OA 400 FA FC test Local Auth. Ocean View Restaurant/Motel OCE001OC 50 I Audit Private Omihi Reserve GOO002OM 1 (50) N No surveillance DOC Paia Point GOO002PA 1 (30) N FAC/FC test (fail) DOC Peketa Motor Camp PEK003PE 5 (2000) I FC test (fail) Private Peketa Village PEK002PE 100 FA FC test Local Auth. Rakautara RAK002RA 50 FAI FC test (fail) Private South Bay, Kaikoura KAI004SB 500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Waipapa Bay Camp WAI061WA 2 (50) I Audit Local Auth.
Selwyn District Armack Drive, Rolleston ARM001AR 50 Complied Audit Local Auth. (b) Arthurs Pass ART002AR 250 Complied Audit Local Auth. (b) Broadfield School BRO005SC 70 I FC test School BoT
130 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Broken River Ski Club BRO010BR 150 (150) I No surveillance Private Burnham Camp BUR001BU 1,700 A Audit NZDF d Burnham East BUR003BU 50 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. (b) Castle Hill CAS003CA 60 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. (d) Courtney COU001CO 6 N No surveillance Local Auth. * Darfield DAR001DA 1,350 I FC test Local Auth. d (c) Dunsandel & Sherwood Estate DUN008DU 740 FI FC test (fail) Local Auth. (b) Edendale, Sandy Knolls EDE002ED 150 F FC test Local Auth. (d) Flock Hill Lodge & Restuarant FLO002FL 82 FI Audit Private Grassmere Lodge GRA003GR 20 (20) I Audit Private Greenpark School GRE005SC 67 N No surveillance School BoT Halket School HAL002SC 20 N No surveillance School BoT Irwell IRW001IR 30 N No surveillance Private Johnson Rd, West Melton JOH001JO 150 F Audit Local Auth. (d) Jowers Rd West Melton JOW001JO 75 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. (b) Kirwee KIR001KI 300 F FC test Local Auth. (a) Ladbrooks Primary School LAD001SC 54 I No surveillance School BoT Lake Coleridge LAK007LA 25 FI No surveillance Local Auth. (d) Leeston LEE001LE 1,250 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. e (a) Lincoln LIN002LI 1,295 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. e (a) Lincoln University LIN003LI 2,400 Complied No surveillance Private b Lower Selwyn Huts LOW005LO 28 N No surveillance DOC Malvern Hills RWS MAL001MA 654 FI FC test Private Motukarara Race Course MOT009MO 100 (100) N No surveillance Private Mt Cheeseman Forest Lodge MTC002FO 105 (50) N FC test Private Mt Cheeseman Top Lodge MTC002TO 400 (400) N FC test Private Mt Olympus Ski Accommodation MTO001AC 20 (20) N FC test (fail) Private Mt Olympus Ski Lodge MTO001LO 60 (60) N FC test Private Porter Heights Accommodation POR008AC 0 (30) from Jul FC test Private Porter Heights Skifield POR008SK 0 (280) from Jul FC test Private Prebbleton PRE001PR 500 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d (a) Rakaia Huts RAK003RA 141 I Audit Local Auth. (b) Rocklands ROC002RO 35 N No surveillance Private Rolleston ROL001RO 2,000 Complied Audit Local Auth. d (b) Rolleston Prison ROL002RO 200 from Nov No surveillance Dept. of Corrections Selwyn RWS # SEL001SE 55 N No surveillance Local Auth. Sheffield/Waddington SHE004SH 384 I Audit Local Auth. (d) Southbridge SOU001SO 610 I Audit Local Auth. d Springfield SPR002SP 105 I Audit Local Auth. (d) Springston SPR003SP 424 F Audit Local Auth. (b) Tai Tapu TAI009TA 297 Complied Audit Local Auth. (a) Taumutu TAU011TA 25 Complied Audit Local Auth. (c) Te Pirita TEP014TE 30 Complied Audit Local Auth. (b) Temple Basin Skifield TEM008TE 100 (100) N No surveillance Private Weedons School WEE001SC 129 FI FC test School BoT West Melton WES010WE 200 Complied Audit Local Auth. (b) Wilderness Lodge WIL003WI 40 Complied No surveillance Private # zone closed (This supply zone has been covered by Hororata and Acheron zones) * No longer a SDC supply
Waimakariri District Ashley Gorge ASH004AS 10 (400) IL No surveillance Private Clarkville School CLA003SC 200 N FC test School BoT Cust CUS001CU 350 L No surveillance Local Auth. b Eyre Lodge EYR001EY 20 N No surveillance Private Fernside FER002FE 200 L FC test Local Auth. Garymere GAR001GA 50 L No surveillance Local Auth. Glentui Camp GLE010GL 45 N No surveillance Private Kaiapoi KAI003KA 7,500 IL No surveillance Local Auth. b
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 131 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Kings Avenue, Waikuku Beach WAI011KI 540 (1000) IL No surveillance Local Auth. b Mandalea MAN008MA 45 IL FC test Local Auth. Mandeville MAN009MA 140 L FC test Local Auth. Mandeville Sports Club MAN014MA 100 N No surveillance Local Auth. Ohoka OHO001OH 200 L No surveillance Local Auth. Oxford Rural No. 1 OXF002OX 200 L No surveillance Local Auth. Oxford Rural No. 2 OXF001OR 450 L No surveillance Local Auth. b Oxford Town OXF001TO 1,400 IL No surveillance Local Auth. c Pineacres Motor Park PIN002PI 50 N No surveillance Private Pines/Kairaki PIN001PK 650 IL No surveillance Local Auth. b Poyntz Road POY001PO 40 L No surveillance Local Auth. Rangiora RAN001RA 12,000 IL No surveillance Local Auth. c Rangiora Holiday Park RAN017RA 25 N No surveillance Private Springbank CUS001SP 20 N No surveillance Local Auth. Summerhill, Nth Canterbury SUM001SU 130 L No surveillance Local Auth. Swannanoa School SWA001SC 40 N FC test School BoT Tuahiwi School TUA007SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Waikuku School WAI080SC 100 N FC test School BoT West Eyreton WES004WE 70 L No surveillance Local Auth. Woodend Beach Camping Ground WOO005WO 20 (600) N FC test Private Woodend Christian Camp WOO006WO 120 (120) N FC test Private Woodend Town WOO002WO 1,200 IL No surveillance Local Auth. a
132 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 South Canterbury ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Ashburton District Lauriston School LAU003SC 58 N No surveillance School BoT
Mackenzie District Albury Rural ALB001AL 125 FI No surveillance Private * e Allandale ALL001AL 150 I No surveillance Local Auth. Balmoral Army Camp BAL005BA 100 I No surveillance NZDF Burkes Pass BUR002BU 60 FI No surveillance Local Auth. e Fairlie FAI002FA 850 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. e Glentanner Restaurant & Camp GLE012GL 10 N No surveillance Private Haldon Arms Camping Ground HAL004HA 0 N No surveillance Private Kimble FAI002KI 150 I No surveillance Local Auth. d Mt Cook MTC001MT 200 N No surveillance DOC Raincliff Camp RAI005RA 100 N No surveillance Private Tasman Airfield - Mt Cook TAS002TA 15 N No surveillance Private Tekapo TEK005TE 235 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d Twizel TWI001TW 1,150 F No surveillance Local Auth. e * supply now run by Mackenzie District Council; Timaru District Anchor Products Timaru ANC002AN 350 N No surveillance Private Arowhenua Pa ARO002AR 216 N No surveillance Private Clandeboye School CLA004SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Geraldine GER001GE 2,121 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. e Geraldine Flat (Te Moana) TEM002GF 200 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Mesopotamia Station and School MES001ME 25 N No surveillance Private Milford School MIL004SC 46 I No surveillance School BoT Mt Gay Homestead MTG001MT 2 Zone closed 12/99 Private Oasis Tearooms, Rangitata OAS001OA 2 N No surveillance Private Orari ORA001OR 180 F No surveillance Local Auth. d Pareora PAR002PA 480 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b Peel Forest PEE001PF 130 F No surveillance Local Auth. b Peel Forest Camping Ground PEE002PE 5 (100) N No surveillance DOC Peel Forest Outdoor Pursuit C. PEE003PE 25 (25) FI No surveillance Private Pleasant Point PLE001PP 1,200 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Rangitata Huts RAN003RH 400 (400) F No surveillance Local Auth. d Rangitata Rafts RAN020RA 12 N No surveillance Private Seadown SEA001SE 750 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. b St Andrews STA004ST 240 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Sutherlands/Taiko (Downlands) DOW001ST 3,800 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. c Te Moana TEM002TE 1,000 F No surveillance Local Auth. b Temuka TEM001TE 3,984 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d Timaru TIM001TI 26,832 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. a Waihi School WAI121SC 130 N No surveillance School BoT Waitohi/Totara Valley (Downlands) DOW001WT 700 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Winchester WIN002WI 260 I No surveillance Local Auth. c
Waimate District Cannington/Motukaika CAN001CM 100 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Cattle Creek CAT001CA 20 N No surveillance Local Auth. Hakataramea HAK002HA 265 N No surveillance Local Auth. e Hook/Waituna HOO001HW 600 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. d Lindisfarne Camp LIN007LI 0 N No surveillance Private Lower Waihao LOW002LO 430 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. e Otaio/Makikihi OTA005OM 490 F No surveillance Local Auth. d Te Akatarawa Camping Ground TEA008TE 0 N No surveillance Local Auth. Upper Waihao UPP004UP 20 N No surveillance Local Auth.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 133 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Waihaorunga WAI031WA 200 F No surveillance Local Auth. e Waikakahi WAI032WA 200 FA No surveillance Local Auth. d Waimate WAI033WA 3,500 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. e Waitangi Reserve Camp Ground WAI120WA 0 N No surveillance Local Auth.
134 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Otago ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Central Otago District Alexandra ALE001AL 5000 (10000) I # FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Bannockburn CRO001BA 400 Unreliable # FAC/FC test Local Auth. Becks Hotel BEC002BE 25 FAI FC test (fail) Private Becks School BEC001BE 26 Closed 6/00 FC test (fail) School BoT Bridge Tavern Millers Flat BRI001BR 27 I FC test Private Chatto Creek Tavern CHA002CC 25 I FC test (fail) Private Clyde Township CLY001CL 800 FI # FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Cromwell CRO001CR 2,930 I # FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Danseys Pass Coach Inn DAN003DP 30 FAI FC test (fail) Private Ettrick Rural ETT001ET 40 FA FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Hort. Research, Clyde CLY003HR 20 N FC test Private Lauder Tavern LAU002LA 25 (50) FAI FC test (fail) Private Millers Flat Camping Ground MIL002MF 60 (160) FAI FC test (fail) Private Millers Flat School MIL003MF 48 from Nov FC test School BoT Naseby NAS001NA 400 (5000) Unreliable # FAC/FC test Local Auth. NIWA, Lauder LAU001NI 12 N FC test Private Omakau OMA005OM 350 Unreliable # FAC/FC test Local Auth. Ophir OMA005OP 50 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Oturehua School OTU001OT 13 Closed 1997 School BoT Oturehua Tavern OTU002OT 25 FAI FC test Private Paerau School PAE003PA 10 Unable to contact FC test School BoT Patearoa PAT003PA 60 Unreliable # FAC/FC test Local Auth. Poolburn Hotel POO002PO 25 (50) I FC test Private Poolburn School POO001PO 39 Unable to contact FC test School BoT Ranfurly RAN002RA 1,000 I # FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Ripponvale CRO001RI 30 Unreliable # FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Roxburgh ROX001RO 700 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Roxburgh Hydro ROX002RH 200 Unreliable # FAC/FC test (fail) Private Shingle Creek Tavern SHI001SC 25 FAI FC test (fail) Private Tarras School TAR002TA 27 Unable to contact FC test School BoT Vulcan Hotel VUL001VU 25 I FC test (fail) Private Waipiata Tavern WAI053WA 25 N No surveillance Private Wedderburn Tavern WED001WE 25 I FC test (fail) Private # Monitoring data provided by the water supplier was adjudged to be unreliable
Clutha District Balclutha BAL001BA 4,150 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Balmoral 1 WAI016B1 321 FA FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Balmoral 2 WAI016B2 235 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Beaumont Hotel BEA002BE 25 FA FAC/FC test (fail) Private Beaumont Hotel Bar BEA002BA 25 N FC test (fail) Private Black Gully Camping Ground BLA003BG 30 (30) N Audited Private Blue Mountain Lumber BLU001BM 200 FI FAC/FC test Private Clinton POM001CL 390 FA FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Clinton - Waipahi Holdings CLI004CL 20 N FC test (fail) Private Clydevale Private CLY004PR 75 N FC test Private Clydevale Rural CLY002CL 112 FA FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. c Glenkenich GLE001GK 750 FAI FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Kaitangata KAI005KA 864 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Kaka Point SOU002KP 208 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Keswick Park Family Camp Grnd. KES001KE 25 (25) N FC test Private Lawrence Township LAW001LT 513 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Livingstonia Park LIV002LI 25 (25) N FC test Local Auth. Livingstonia Park Tank LIV002TK 25 (25) N FC test Local Auth. Mainholm Lodge MAI003MA 8 N FC test (fail) Private
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 135 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Milton Town MIL001MT 2,000 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. b Moa Flat Rural MOA001MF 451 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a North Bruce Rural NOR003NB 610 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a North Richardson Rural NOR004NO 198 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Otago Cheese Company, Stirling OTA012OT 75 AL FAC/FC test Private Owaka OWA001OW 411 FA FC test Local Auth. e Papatowai - Picnic Point PAP008PA 25 (25) N Audit DOC Papatowai Motor Camp PAP002PM 25 (75) N FC test (fail) Private Papatowai Motor Camp Kitchen PAP002KI 25 (75) N FC test (fail) Private Pomahaka Rural POM001PR 315 FA FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Pounawea Camp Ground POU001PC 30 (30) N FC test Local Auth. Pounawea Christian Conv. Cntr. POU004PO 170 (170) N FC test Private PPCS Finegand PPC001PP 1,100 L FAC/FC test Private Purakanui Bay Scenic Reserve PUR006PB 30 (30) N Audit DOC Purakanui Falls PUR007PU 25 (25) N Audit DOC Raes Junction Hotel RAE002RJ 30 N FC test (fail) Private South Bruce STI002SB 194 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a South Richardson Rural SOU002PU 440 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Stirling Township STI002ST 331 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Tahakopa TAH005TA 30 (30) N FC test Private Tahakopa School TAH004SC 25 N FC test School BoT Taieri Beach School TAI014SC 40 from Oct FC test School BoT Taieri Mouth Camping Ground TAI004TM 25 (25) N FAC/FC test Private Taieri Mouth CG Tank TAI004TK 25 (25) N FC test Private Tapanui TAP001TA 795 FAI FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Tautuku OEC TAU023TA 70 N FC test (fail) Private Tautuku OEC Tank TAU023TK 70 N FC test (fail) Private Tawanui Camping Ground TAW002TC 30 (30) N Audit DOC Tuapeka West TUA004TW 250 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Waihola Township NOR003WT 330 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Waipori Falls Hydro Village WAI055WF 19 N FC test (fail) Private Wangaloa KAI005WA 42 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Willsher Bay Rec. Reserve WIL001WI 25 Supply unused in 2000 DOC
Dunedin City Booth Road, Dunedin DUN001BO 29,700 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Clarks Junction Hotel CLA002CJ 25 N FAC/FC test (fail) Private East Taieri MOS001ET 1,100 I FC test Local Auth. e Green Island DUN001GI 7,100 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Hindon HIN003HI 25 N FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Lee Stream School LEE002LS 55 Unable to contact - FC test School BoT Low Levels/Peninsula, Dunedin DUN001LL 26,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Maori Hill DUN001MH 8,400 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Mosgiel MOS001MO 8,100 Complied FC test Local Auth. e North Taieri Rural NOR005NT 15 N FC test Private Orokonui Rest Home/Holiday Par ORO002OR 80 N FAC/FC test Private Outram Township OUT001OU 600 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Port Chalmers DUN001PC 3,600 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Purakanui School PUR005PU 30 Unable to contact - FC test School BoT Rocklands/Shannon/Pukerangi ROC001RO 40 N FAC/FC test Local Auth. Ross Creek, Dunedin DUN001RC 6,600 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Seacliff WAI015SE 100 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Speights Public Water Supply SPE001SP 450 I FC test Private Strath-Taieri School STR002ST 90 I FC test School BoT Waikouaiti/Karitane WAI015WK 1,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Waiora Scout Camp WAI052WA 25 N FC test Private Waitati Township WAI014WA 555 FI FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Warrington Township WAR002WA 1,700 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. e
136 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
West Taieri Scheme WES002WE 450 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. e Wingatui, Dunedin DUN001WI 4,400 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Wyllies Crossing School WYL001WC 25 I FC test School BoT
Waitaki District Awamoko AWA001AW 160 FI FAC/FC test Local Auth. Benmore Wildlife Reserve BEN001BE 0 (60) Complied FC test Private Danseys Camp DAN002DA 30 F FC test Private Dunback Rural DUN002DU 270 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. Dunrobin DUN003DU 54 F FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Duntroon DUN004DU 140 Complied FC test Local Auth. Enfield ENF001EN 450 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Falstone Camp-Lake Benmore FAL001FA 30 (60) FA FC test (fail) Local Auth. Five Forks School FIV001FI 50 Complied FC test (fail) School BoT Glenburn Park GLE004GL 0 (60) Complied FC test Private Goodwood GOO001GO 400 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Hampden HAM002HA 315 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Herbert HER001HE 470 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. Kakanui KAK001KA 500 F FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Kauru Hill KAU001KA 180 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. Kurow Township KUR001KU 450 (500) Complied FC test Local Auth. c Lake Ohau C Powerstation/Camp LAK006LA 30 (30) I FC test Private Lower Waitaki LOW004LO 360 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Macraes Flat, Stanley's Hotel MAC004MA 40 Complied FC test Private Macraes Mine MAC001MA 80 Complied FAC/FC test Private Macraes Moonlight School MAC002MA 30 Complied FC test School BoT Maheno MAH001MA 280 F FC test (fail) Private Makareao Lime Works MAK002MA 25 Complied FC test Private Moeraki HAM002MO 510 FI FAC/FC test Local Auth. c North End Oamaru OAM001NE 5,000 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Ohau Alpine Village OHA005OH 40 FA FC test (fail) Local Auth. Ohau Lodge OHA006OH 50 Complied FC test Private Ohau Ski Field OHA007OH 100 (100) FI No surveillance Private Omarama Town OMA001OM 350 (700) F FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Otekaieke Rural OTE002OT 30 FA FC test (fail) Local Auth. Otematata Hydro Village OTE001OT 490 (600) F FC test Local Auth. e Palmerston Town PAL002PA 800 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Parsons Rock Camp PAR004PA 0 (100) FA FC test Local Auth. Pukeuri PUK004PU 120 (800) Complied FAC/FC test Private Reidston REI001RE 110 F FC test (fail) Private Reservoir Road, Oamaru OAM001RR 900 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Sailors Cutting Camp SAI001SA 100 (100) FAI FC test Local Auth. South Hill, Oamaru OAM001SH 4,587 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Stoneburn STO001ST 80 FI FAC/FC test Local Auth. Tokarahi/Livingstone TOK003TL 600 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reserve WAI039WA 10 (40) F FC test Private Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp WAI040WA 0 (40) FA FC test (fail) Private Weston WES003WE 1,750 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Windsor WIN004WI 180 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 137 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Southland ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Gore District East Gore GOR001EA 1,665 Complied FC test Local Auth. c Kaiwera KAI010KA 60 F FC test Local Auth. Mataura MAT002MA 2,000 Complied FC test Local Auth. d Otama OTA004OT 300 N FC test (fail) Local Auth. Otikerama OTI002OT 150 N FC test Local Auth. West Gore GOR001WE 6,700 I FC test Local Auth. c
Invercargill City Bluff INV001BL 2,956 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Clifton School * CLI002SC 90 N No surveillance Local Auth. Invercargill City INV001IN 47,500 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. a Myross Bush School MYR001SC 96 I FC test School BoT NZAS Tiwai Point NZA001NZ 900 I FAC/FC test Private Otatara School OTA009SC 280 Complied FC test School BoT Tisbury School * TIS001SC 69 N No surveillance Local Auth. West Plains School WES009SC 47 I FC test School BoT * Now part of INV001IN
Queenstown Lakes District Albert Town WAN002AL 200 (1000) L FC test (fail) Local Auth. a Arrowtown ARR001AR 1300 (4500) L FC test Local Auth. c Arthurs Point ART001AP 300 (600) L FC test (fail) Local Auth. Dalefield DAL003DA 300 N FC test Private Glendhu Bay Motor Camp GLE014GL 490 N FC test Local Auth. Glenorchy GLE003GL 200 (600) L FC test Local Auth. Hawea HAW002HA 400 (1400) L FC test Local Auth. b Hawea Flat School HAW004SC 50 I FC test School BoT Kelvin Heights QUE001KE 3000 (10500) L FC test Local Auth. b Lake Hayes LAK003LH 300 (600) L FC test Local Auth. Pleasant Lodge Holiday Park PLE003PL 400 N FC test (fail) Private Queenstown QUE001QU 7500 (26250) L FC test Local Auth. b Wanaka WAN002WA 2500 (12500) L FC test Local Auth. b
Southland District Blackmount School BLA004SC 17 N FC test School BoT Borland Lodge BOR001BO 10 N FC test (fail) Private Brydone School BRY002SC 16 FA FC test (fail) School BoT Dacre School DAC001SC 33 Complied FC test School BoT Dipton Primary School DIP001SC 73 Complied FC test School BoT Drummond School DRU002SC 37 Complied FC test School BoT Eastern Bush EAS002EB 100 Complied FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Edendale EDE001ED 50 Complied FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Five Rivers School FIV002SC 26 Complied FC test School BoT Garston School GAR002SC 35 Complied FC test (fail) School BoT Glenham School GLE009SC 22 N FC test School BoT Gorge Road School GOR002SC 68 Complied FC test School BoT Halfmoon Bay School HAL003SC 30 FA No surveillance School BoT Heddon Bush School HED001SC 39 N FC test School BoT Hedgehope School HED002SC 39 N FC test School BoT Hillside Primary School HIL001SC 56 Complied FC test School BoT Isla Bank School ISL002SC 33 F FC test School BoT Limehills School LIM001SC 95 N FC test School BoT Lochiel School LOC001SC 95 Complied FC test School BoT Lumsden LUM001LU 950 I FAC test Local Auth. c Lumsden/Balfour Rural LUM001BA 187 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c
138 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Population Compliance Surveillance WaterSupplier Grade
Manapouri MAN006MA 216 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Mararoa School MAR009SC 60 Complied FC test (fail) School BoT Menzies College, Wyndham MEN001SC 470 IL No surveillance School BoT Mokoreta School MOK004SC 13 N FC test School BoT Monowai Village MON002MO 27 N FAC/FC test Private Mossburn MOS002MO 274 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. Mossburn Camping Ground MOS004MO 5 Unable to contact - FC test Local Auth. Nightcaps OHA009NI 426 Complied FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Ohai OHA009OH 520 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Orawia ORA003OR 20 Complied FAC/FC test (fail) Local Auth. Orepuki School ORE002SC 22 N FC test School BoT Oreti Plains School ORE003SC 33 Complied FC test School BoT Otahu Flat EAS002OF 100 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. Otapiri School OTA010SC 16 N FC test School BoT Otautau OTA001OT 810 FI FC test Local Auth. d Rimu School RIM001SC 136 FA FC test School BoT Riversdale School RIV009SC 119 N FC test School BoT Riverton RIV001RI 1,820 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Te Anau TEA002TE 1,780 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. d Te Tipua School TET001SC 57 Complied FC test (fail) School BoT Thornbury School THO001SC 41 F FC test (fail) School BoT Tokanui School TOK007SC 82 N FC test School BoT Tuatapere TUA001TU 741 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Tuturau School TUT001SC 45 FA FC test (fail) School BoT Waianawa School WAI078SC 80 Complied FC test School BoT Waikaia School WAI076SC 26 Complied FC test (fail) School BoT Waimahaka School WAI070SC 37 Complied FC test School BoT Wairio OHA009WA 80 Complied No surveillance Local Auth. c Wallacetown School WAL001SC 41 I FC test (fail) School BoT Winton WIN001WI 2,100 I FAC/FC test Local Auth. c Woodlands School WOO003SC 82 N FC test School BoT Wyndham Primary School WYN001SC 140 I FC test School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 139 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 7: Anomalies between microbiological quality and grading
ZoneCode ZoneName WaterSupplier Pop Grade Compliance
Auckland District PUK002KI Kitchener Franklin District Council 11500 b (d) FC fail (3/104) POK001PO Pokeno Franklin District Council 420 b (d) Inadequate corr. action
Waikato District HAU001WE Hauraki Plains West Hauraki District Council 2063 b Inadequate corr. action HAU001KE Hauraki Plains, Kerepehi Hauraki District Council 1960 b Not monitored PAE001PA Paeroa Hauraki District Council 4000 b Inadequate sampling WAI003WA Waihi Hauraki District Council 4450 a Inadequate sampling HAH001HA Hahei, Harsant Subdivision Thames Coromandel D.C. 66 b FC fail (8/77) THA001KO Kopu Thames Coromandel D.C. 350 a Not monitored PAU001PA Pauanui Thames Coromandel D.C. 1020 b FC fail (9/103) THA001TH Thames Thames Coromandel D.C. 6500 a Inadequate sampling WHI001WH Whitianga Thames Coromandel D.C. 3400 a FC fail (3/84) PIO001PI Piopio Waitomo District Council 500 a FC fail (1/32) WAI012WC Waitomo Caves Waitomo Caves Ltd 500 b FC fail (2/46) PUK001PU Pukerimu Rural Waipa District Council 2500 a Inadequate sampling
Tauranga District WES011TK Tanners Point Western Bay of Plenty D.C. 150 b Not monitored
Whakatane District RUA003RU Ruatoki Whakatane District Council 560 a FC fail (2/54) WAI017WA Waimana Whakatane District Council 200 b FC fail (1/37) KAW003KA Kawerau Kawerau District Council 7000 a Inadequate corr. action KAW003UV Upper Valley Road Kawerau District Council 1000 b Inadequate corr. action
Rotorua District TUR001TU Turangi Taupo District Council 5220 a Inadequate sampling ROT001OK Okareka Rotorua District Council 500 b FC fail (4/53)
Hawkes Bay District WAI004HI High Pressure Zone, Waipukurau Central Hawkes Bay Dist. Council 2500 b Inadequate sampling WAI004LO Low Pressure Zone, Waipukurau Central Hawkes Bay Dist. Council 666 b Inadequate sampling WAI005OT Otane Township Central Hawkes Bay Dist. Council 513 b Inadequate sampling TAK001TA Takapau Township Central Hawkes Bay Dist. Council 570 b Inadequate sampling WAI005WA Waipawa Township Central Hawkes Bay Dist. Council 1809 b Inadequate sampling HAU002TE Te Awanga Hastings District Council 1100 b Inadequate sampling
Taranaki District ELT001EL Eltham South Taranaki District Council 2200 b Inadequate sampling WAI018MA Manaia South Taranaki District Council 1100 b Inadequate sampling HAW003NO Normanby South Taranaki District Council 850 b Inadequate sampling
Wanganui District WAI002WA Waiouru Township NZDF 2800 a Inadequate sampling BUL001BU Bulls Township Rangitikei District Council 1000 a Inadequate sampling MAN001MA Mangaweka Township Rangitikei District Council 250 a Inadequate sampling MAR001MA Marton Township Rangitikei District Council 5000 a Inadequate sampling RAT001RA Ratana Township Rangitikei District Council 450 a Inadequate sampling TAI001TA Taihape Township Rangitikei District Council 2200 a Inadequate sampling ARL001AR Arles Wells Wanganui District Council 100 b Inadequate corr. action BRU001BR Brunswick-Westmere Wanganui District Council 450 a Inadequate corr. action PUT002PU Putiki (Airport Road) Wanganui District Council 120 b Inadequate corr. action
140 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneCode ZoneName WaterSupplier Pop Grade Compliance
Manawatu District AKI001AK Akitio Tararua District Council 30 b Inadequate corr. action DAN001DA Dannevirke Tararua District Council 6000 b Inadequate sampling PON001PO Pongaroa Tararua District Council 400 b FC fail (1/13)
Wairarapa District CAR001CA Carterton Carterton District Council 4200 b FC fail (2/51)
Hutt Valley District OTA003OT Otaki Kapiti Coast District Council 5200 b Inadequate corr. action
Nelson District WAI023MR Mapua Ruby Bay Tasman District Council 1500 a Inadequate sampling
West Coast District GRE001GM Greymouth Grey District Council 5676 b Inadequate sampling HAR001HA Harihari Westland District Council 387 b Inadequate corr. action KUM001KU Kumara Westland District Council 291 b Inadequate corr. action
Canterbury District HIN001HI Hinds Ashburton District Council 200 b FC fail (1/28) MET002MS Methven/Springfield Ashburton District Council 160 b FC fail (10/22) HAN001HA Hanmer Town Hurunui District Council 900 a Inadequate sampling HAW001HW Hawarden/Waikari Hurunui District Council 750 b Inadequate sampling CUS001CU Cust Waimakariri District Council 350 b Unregistered lab KAI003KA Kaiapoi Waimakariri District Council 7500 b Inadequate sampling WAI011KI Kings Avenue, Waikuku Beach Waimakariri District Council 540 b Inadequate sampling OXF001OR Oxford Rural No. 2 Waimakariri District Council 450 b Unregistered lab PIN001PK Pines/Kairaki Waimakariri District Council 650 b Inadequate sampling WOO002WO Woodend Town Waimakariri District Council 1200 a Inadequate sampling CHR001RI Riccarton Christchurch City Council 7000 a FC fail (4/100) CHR001WE West Christchurch Christchurch City Council 30000 a FC fail (7/188)
South Canterbury District PEE001PF Peel Forest Timaru District Council 130 b FC fail (2/12) TEM002TE Te Moana Timaru District Council 1000 b FC fail (3/65)
Otago District BAL001BA Balclutha Clutha District Council 4150 b Inadequate sampling KAI005KA Kaitangata Clutha District Council 864 b Inadequate sampling LAW001LT Lawrence Township Clutha District Council 513 a Inadequate sampling MIL001MT Milton Town Clutha District Council 2000 b Inadequate sampling NOR003NB North Bruce Rural Clutha District Council 610 a Inadequate sampling WES003WE Weston Waitaki District Council 1750 a Inadequate sampling RAN002RA Ranfurly Central Otago District Council 1000 b Inadequate sampling
Southland District WAN002AL Albert Town Queenstown Lakes Distr Council 200 a Unregistered lab HAW002HA Hawea Queenstown Lakes Distr Council 400 b Unregistered lab QUE001KE Kelvin Heights Queenstown Lakes Distr Council 3000 b Unregistered lab QUE001QU Queenstown Queenstown Lakes Distr Council 7500 b Unregistered lab WAN002WA Wanaka Queenstown Lakes Distr Council 2500 b Unregistered lab * Waikeria Village zone became part of the Waikeria Institutions zone in March 2000.
The zone grades shown in Appendix 7 were obtained from WINZ in December 2000. Zones that have been regraded since December 2000 but before this report goes to press also show the present grade in brackets.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 141 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 8: Anomalies between monitoring and surveillance results
ZoneName ZoneCode WaterSupplier FAC Surveillance # FC Surveillance Grade Northland District Bream Bay BRE001BR Whangarei District Council FACtest (1/12) FCtest (0/2) b Mangawhai Heads MAN003MA Kaipara District Council FACtest (3/12) FCtest (0/3) e Maungaturoto MAU001MA Kaipara District Council FACtest (2/5) FCtest (0/2) d Ruawai RUA001RU Kaipara District Council FACtest (1/10) FCtest (0/1) d Auckland District Glen Murray School GLE006GM School BoT - FCtest (1/1)* Port Waikato POR005PW Franklin District Council - FCtest (1/1)* Waikato District Coromandel COR001CO Thames Coromandel D.C. FACtest (2/2) - a Mangare Road, Arohena ARO001MA Otorohanga District Council FACtest (1/1) - Ohaupo PUK001OH Waipa District Council FACtest (1/3) - Ranginui RAN006RA Otorohanga District Council FACtest (1/1) - Te Awamutu Township TEA001TE Waipa District Council FACtest (1/3) - b Waipa WAI047WA Otorohanga District Council FACtest (1/2) - b Whakatane District Hikutaia, Opotiki OPO001HI Opotiki District Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (0/2) b Rotorua District Atiamuri Village ATI001AV Taupo District Council FACtest (1/5) FCtest (0/5) Hatepe Village HAT001HV Taupo District Council FACtest (1/3) FCtest (0/3) Mihi MIH001MI Rotorua District Council FACtest (2/5) FCtest (0/2) b Ngongotaha Township NGO001NG Rotorua District Council FACtest (2/4) FCtest (0/6) d Rotoma ROT002RO Rotorua District Council FACtest (4/6) FCtest (0/3) a Rotorua City ROT003RO Rotorua District Council FACtest (1/13) - a Waipa Sawmill WAI074WA Fletcher Challenge (For) FACtest (2/2) FCtest (0/2) c Taranaki District Bell Block NEW002BE New Plymouth District Council FACtest (1/3) FCtest (0/3) a Urenui URE001UR New Plymouth District Council FACtest (2/8) FCtest (0/8) e Wanganui District Fordell Township FOR001FO Wanganui District Council FACtest (1/3) FCtest (0/3) a Kaitoke KAI002KA Dept. of Corrections FACtest (1/3) FCtest (0/3) Manawatu District Levin LEV001LE Horowhenua District Council - FCtest (1/13)* b Nelson District Nelson City NEL001NE Nelson City Council FACtest (3/25) FCtest (0/3) d Wakefield WAK001WA Tasman District Council FACtest (1/3) FCtest (0/1) a Marlborough District Havelock HAV002HA Marlborough District Council FACtest (3/8) FCtest (0/8) b Picton/Waikawa PIC001PI Marlborough District Council FACtest (1/8) FCtest (0/8) c Canterbury District L'Aube Hill AKA001LA Banks Peninsula Distr. Council FACtest (1/1) FCtest (0/3) Methven Township MET001ME Ashburton District Council FACtest (0/3) FCtest (1/4)* c Methven Youth Lodge MET004ME Seventh-Day Adventist Ch - FCtest (1/2)* South Bay, Kaikoura KAI004SB Kaikoura District Council FACtest (2/3) FCtest (0/4) d The Homestead, Mt Hutt Station THE007TH Mt Hutt Station - FCtest (1/2)* Otago District Balmoral 2 WAI016B2 Clutha District Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) b Five Forks School FIV001FI School BoT - FCtest (1/2)* Kaka Point SOU002KP Clutha District Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/20) a Lower Waitaki LOW004LO Waitaki District Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) Macraes Mine MAC001MA FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) Maori Hill DUN001MH Dunedin City Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (0/2) c Palmerston Town PAL002PA Waitaki District Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (0/2) a
142 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode WaterSupplier FAC Surveillance # FC Surveillance Grade Port Chalmers DUN001PC Dunedin City Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) d Waihola Township NOR003WT Clutha District Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) a Warrington Township WAR002WA Dunedin City Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) e Windsor WIN004WI Waitaki District Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (0/2) Wingatui, Dunedin DUN001WI Dunedin City Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (0/2) d Sourthland District Bluff INV001BL Invercargill City Council FACtest (3/8) FCtest (0/9) c Eastern Bush EAS002EB Southland District Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (3/3)* Edendale EDE001ED Southland District Council FACtest (1/2) FCtest (3/3)* Garston School GAR002SC School BoT - FCtest (2/2)* Invercargill City INV001IN Invercargill City Council FACtest (4/10) FCtest (0/11) a Lumsden/Balfour Rural LUM001BA Southland District Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (0/3) c Manapouri MAN006MA Southland District Council FACtest (3/3) FCtest (0/3) Mararoa School MAR009SC School BoT - FCtest (1/6)* Mossburn MOS002MO Southland District Council FACtest (3/3) FCtest (0/3) Nightcaps OHA009NI Southland District Council FACtest (3/3) FCtest (0/3) c Orawia ORA003OR Southland District Council FACtest (2/2) FCtest (3/3)* Te Tipua School TET001SC School BoT - FCtest (2/2)* Waikaia School WAI076SC School BoT - FCtest (1/6)* Notes: Boldface zone codes indicate the zones that were also listed in this category last year. Numbers in brackets represent (the number of positive tests / the number of samples tested in 2000). # low FAC does not indicate a transgression that affects-compliance but is indicative of a potential water quality problem. * indicates the zones in which faecal coliforms were detected by surveillance but not by monitoring.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 143 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 9: Distribution zones on permanent ‘boil water’ notice
PHSP ZoneName ZoneCode Population WaterSupplier Northland Kaeo KAE001KA 100 Far North District Council Auckland Orua Motor Camp ORU003OR 100 Orua Motor Camp Auckland Tipi & Bob's Holiday Lodge TIP001TI 4 (to 20 during summer) Tipi & Bob's Hol. Lodge Waikato Matatoki MAT009MA 150 Thames Coromandel D.C. Whakatane Hawai Camp HAW005HA 100 (to 200 during Dec - Jan) Private Tairawhiti Te Puia Springs Hosp & Village TEP001TE 350 Ngati Porou Hauora Hawkes Bay Lake Tutira Rest Area LAK010LA 4 (to 90 during Dec - Mar) Hastings District Council Hawkes Bay Mahanga Beach MAH005MA 30 (to 30 during Dec - Mar) Wairoa District Council Hawkes Bay Tuai TUA005TU 300 Wairoa District Council Manawatu Oroua No. 1 ORO001OR 60 Oroua Water Scheme Inc Manawatu Waituna West WAI022WA 200 Manawatu District Council Wairarapa Taueru TAU007TA 50 Masterton District Council Nelson Awaroa ABE001AW 10 (to 50 during Dec - Feb) DOC Nelson Dovedale Rural DOV001DO 450 Tasman District Council Nelson Totara Ave, Pakawau TOT001TO 100 Private Nelson Tukurua TUK001TU 25 Tukurua Water Bd Marlborough Aussie Bay AUS001AB 25 (to 25 during Dec - Feb) DOC Marlborough Camp Bay, Endeavour Inlet CAM003CA 30 (to 30 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Cowshed Bay Camp COW001CO 60 (to 60 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Dashwood Rural SED001DA 100 Marlborough District Council Marlborough Elaine Bay ELA001EL 25 (to 50 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough French Pass Camp FRE003FR 60 (to 60 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Marfells Beach MAR015MA 150 (to 150 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Mistletoe Bay MIS001MI 50 (to 50 during Jan - Mar) DOC Marlborough Onamalutu ONA001ON 150 (to 150 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Pelorus Bridge PEL001PE 120 (to 120 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Seddon,Awatere Valley SED001SE 600 Marlborough District Council Marlborough Ship Cove SHI003SH 1 (to 15 during Dec - Mar) DOC Marlborough Tennyson Inlet TEN002TE 50 (to 50 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Waterfall Bay Lodge WAT001WA 25 (to 25 during Jan - Feb) Waterfall Bay Lodge Marlborough Whatamango Bay WHA037WH 30 (to 30 during Jan - Feb) DOC Marlborough Whites Bay Camp WHI006WH 300 (to 300 during Jan - Feb) DOC Canterbury Oaro OAR001OA 400 Kaikoura District Council South Canterbury Albury Rural ALB001AL 125 Albury Water Committee Otago Benmore Wildlife Reserve BEN001BE 0 (to 60 during Oct - Mar) Electricorp Production Otago Black Gully Camping Ground BLA003BG 30 (to 30 during Dec - Jan) Black Gully Camp. Ground Otago Dunrobin DUN003DU 54 Waitaki District Council Otago Falstone Camp-Lake Benmore FAL001FA 30 (to 60 during Oct - Mar) Waitaki District Council Otago Ohau Alpine Village OHA005OH 40 Waitaki District Council Otago Otekaieke Rural OTE002OT 30 Waitaki District Council Otago Papatowai - Picnic Point PAP008PA 25 (to 25 during Oct - Apr) DOC Otago Papatowai Motor Camp PAP002PM 25 (to 75 during Dec - Jan) Papatowai Motor Camp Otago Papatowai Motor Camp Kitchen PAP002KI 25 (to 75 during Dec - Jan) Papatowai Motor Camp Otago Parsons Rock Camp PAR004PA 0 (to 100 during Oct - Mar) Waitaki District Council Otago Purakanui Bay Scenic Reserve PUR006PB 30 (to 30 during Oct - Apr) DOC Otago Purakanui Falls PUR007PU 25 (to 25 during Oct - Apr) DOC Otago Reidston REI001RE 110 Reidston Water Supply Otago Sailors Cutting Camp SAI001SA 100 (to 100 during Oct - Mar) Waitaki District Council Otago Tawanui Camping Ground TAW002TC 30 (to 30 during Oct - Apr) DOC Otago Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reserve WAI039WA 10 (to 40 during Oct - Mar) Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reser Otago Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp WAI040WA 0 (to 40 during Oct - Mar) Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp Southland Glendhu Bay Motor Camp GLE014GL 490 Queenstown Lakes Distr Council Southland Isla Bank School ISL002SC 33 School BoT Southland Thornbury School THO001SC 41 School BoT
144 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 10: School drinking-water supplies
ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Northland Ahipara School AHI001SC 70 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Aranga School ARA006SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Arapohue School ARA007SC 104 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Awanui School AWA008SC 80 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/5 School BoT Awarua School AWA009SC 50 FC fail FC test 5/7 School BoT Broadwood Area School BRO007SC 200 from Aug No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Glenbervie School GLE011SC 190 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Helena Bay School HEL002SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Herekino School HER002SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Horeke School HOR003SC 35 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Hukerenui School HUK001HU 150 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kaeo Primary School WHA026KP 100 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Kaihu School KAI028SC 40 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/6 School BoT Kaingaroa School KAI027SC 200 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT Kaiwaka School KAI029SC 170 from Feb No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Karetu School KAR007SC 55 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Kaurihohore School KAU004SC 130 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 9/9 School BoT Kohukohu School KOH002SC 60 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT Kokopu School KOK001SC 60 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Mangakahia Area School MAN007MA 250 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/10 School BoT Mangamuka School MAN024SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Mangawhai Beach School MAN025SC 50 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Mangonui School MAN005SC 160 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/10 School BoT Maromaku School MAR012SC 50 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 5/5 School BoT Matakohe School MAT025SC 75 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/3 School BoT Matarau School MAT007MA 200 from May No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Matauri Bay Primary School MAT032SC 60 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Matawaia School MAT024SC 25 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Matihetihe School MAT023SC 40 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/4 School BoT Motatau School MOT011SC 60 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Ngaiotonga School NGA013SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ngataki School NGA012SC 40 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Ngunguru School NGU002NG 165 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/6 School BoT Ohaeawai School OHA010OH 125 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Omania School OMA003SC 40 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Orauta School ORA004SC 30 Did not respond to survey - School BoT Oromahoe School ORO005SC 110 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Oruaiti School ORU001SC 85 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/10 School BoT Oruawharo School ORU002SC 30 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Oturu School OTU004SC 120 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Pakaraka School PAK005PS 70 Not monitored No surveillance - Local Auth. Pakotai School PAK001PA 40 Not monitored FC test (fail) 2/2 School BoT Pamapuria School PAM001SC 180 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 4/4 School BoT Paparoa School PAP005SC 60 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Paparore School PAP006SC 60 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 2/2 School BoT Peria School PER001SC 115 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Pompallier College POM002PO 480 from Oct FC test 0/13 School BoT Pouto School POU002SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Pukenui School PUK016SC 50 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Pukepoto School PUK015SC 130 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 3/11 School BoT Punaruku School PUN002PS 90 Wouldn't provide test results - School BoT Purua School PUR001PU 40 from May FC test 2/11 School BoT Russell School RUS005SC 130 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Taipa Area School TAI008SC 480 FC fail No surveillance 1/6 School BoT Taipuha School TAI010SC 20 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 145 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Tangiteroria School TAN003SC 60 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Tangowahine School TAN004SC 50 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Tauraroa Area School TAU005TA 480 from Mar No surveillance 2/12 School BoT Tautoro School TAU008TA 40 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 2/3 School BoT Te Hapua School TEH007SC 40 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Te Horo School TEH002TE 74 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 2/3 School BoT Te Kopuru School TEK009SC 160 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/5 School BoT Te Kura O Hata Maria TEK010SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Te Kura O Rangiawhia TEK013SC 60 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Te Kura O Te Rangi Aniwaniwa TEK012SC 105 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Te Kura Taumata O Panguru TEK011SC 170 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Te Tii School TET002SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tinopai School TIN003SC 50 Inad. corrective action FC test 4/7 School BoT Totara North School TOT003SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Towai School TOW001SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Umawera School UMA001SC 42 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Waiharara School WAI094SC 40 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waikare School WAI093SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waima School WAI063SC 80 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waiomio School WAI092SC 30 School closed 1998 - School BoT Waiotira School WAI095SC 40 from Mar No surveillance 0/10 School BoT Waitaruke Convent School WAI065SC 90 Did not respond to survey - School BoT Whananaki School WHA008WH 40 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Whangaroa College WHA026SC 225 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Auckland Ahuroa School AHU002SC 40 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Aka Aka Primary School AKA003SC 55 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Ararimu School Zone A (rain) ARA009SA 100 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Ararimu School Zone B (Bore) ARA009SB 100 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Ardmore School ARD003SC 150 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Awhitu School AWH001SC 130 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Beachlands School BEA001BE 400 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Brookby School BRO008SC 60 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Clevedon Primary School CLE001CP 290 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Coatesville School COA002SC 198 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 6/12 School BoT Dairy Flat School DAI001DF 270 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Felix Donelly College FEL001SC 60 Unable to contact - School BoT Glen Murray School GLE006GM 25 Complied FC test (fail) 1/13 School BoT Glenbrook Primary School GLE005GP 250 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Happy Rainbow Primary School HAP001SC 70 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Harrisville School HAR002SC 180 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Huapai School HUA001SC 348 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Hunua School HUN005SC 175 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kaiaua School KAI030SC 80 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Kaipara Flats Primary School KAI016KF 240 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/8 School BoT Kaitoki Primary School KAI036SC 80 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Karaka School KAR004KA 170 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/9 School BoT Kaukapakapa School KAU003SC 200 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Leigh Primary School LEI003LE 78 Not monitored No surveillance - Private Mahurangi Christian School MAH008SC 60 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Mangatangi School MAN012MA 104 Zone now closed - School BoT Mangatawhiri School MAN011MA 91 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Maraetai Beach School MAR006MA 230 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Matakana Primary School MAT011MA 244 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone A MAU004SA 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone B MAU004SB 50 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Mercer School MER003SC 26 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Mulberry Grove School MUL001SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Naike School NAI001NA 23 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Okiwi School OKI004SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT
146 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Onewhero District School ONE003ON 300 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/11 School BoT Orere School ORE004SC 60 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Otaua Primary School OTA006OP 120 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Paerata School PAE006SC 100 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Pakiri Primary School PAK011SC 25 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Paparimu Primary School PAP007SC 148 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pollok School Zone A POL001SA 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pollok School Zone B POL001SB 50 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Pukekawa School PUK007PU 148 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pukekohe East School PUK018SC 100 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pukeoware School PUK017SC 160 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ramarama School RAM001RA 165 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/12 School BoT Riverhead School RIV011SC 142 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/12 School BoT St Stephens School STS001SS 170 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tapora Primary School TAP004TA 65 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tauhoa Primary School TAU010TA 45 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Taupaki School TAU013SC 182 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Te Hihi Primary School TEH003TH 260 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Te Huruhi Shool WAI098TE 600 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Te Kohanga School TEK007TK 110 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Tomorata Primary School TOM001TO 65 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/6 School BoT Waiau Pa School WAI096SC 340 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waiheke High School WAI098SC 550 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Waikaretu Sch. Drink Fountains WAI051WA 46 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waikaretu School Classrooms WAI051CL 46 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Waimauku School WAI085SC 543 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Wainui School WAI099SC 200 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waioneke School WAI086SC 83 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waipipi School WAI097SC 145 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Waitoki School WAI084SC 71 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Wesley College WES005WC 500 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Whitford Pre-School WHI004SC 80 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 Private Woodhill School WOO007SC 63 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Waikato Aria School ARI001SC 63 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Colville School COL008SC 40 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 Private Elstow School ELS001SC 150 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/6 School BoT Glen Massey School GLE015SC 85 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Goodwood School GOO003SC 245 FC fail No surveillance 1/13 School BoT Hamilton Christian School HAM007SC 190 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Hangataki School HAN005SC 60 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Hautapu School HAU007SC 191 from Jun No surveillance 0/7 School BoT Hauturu School HAU006SC 71 FC fail No surveillance 1/4 School BoT Hoe-O-Tainui School HOE001SC 37 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Hora Hora School HOR006SC 92 from May No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Horsham Downs School and Hall HOR005SC 350 FC fail FC test 1/11 School BoT Kaihere School KAI024SC 66 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Kaitieke School KAI037SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Karapiro School KAR011SC 103 from Feb No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Kennedy Bay School KEN003SC 35 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Kereone School KER003SC 62 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Kinohaku School KIN005SC 18 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Kio Kio School KIO001SC 143 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Kirikau School KIR002SC 11 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Kiwitahi School KIW006SC 45 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/3 School BoT Korakonui School KOR003SC 192 FC fail No surveillance 1/12 School BoT Lichfield School LIC002SC 180 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Mahoenui School MAH007SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Maihihi School MAI006SC 80 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 147 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Maipu School MAI007SC 30 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Manawaru School MAN035SC 55 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 5/5 School BoT Mangateparu School MAN034SC 44 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Maramarua School MAR018SC 85 from Jul FC test 0/7 School BoT Matiere School MAT036SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Motumaoho School & Community MOT015SC 100 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Ngahinapouri School NGA024SC 250 from May No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Ngakonui School NGA025SC 150 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ngapuke School NGA028SC 48 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ngarua Primary School NGA021SC 17 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Ngutunui School NGU003SC 72 from Mar No surveillance 0/10 School BoT Ohinewai School OHI004SC 82 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Okoroire School OKO003SC 42 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Ongarue School ONG001SC 38 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Oparau School OPA003SC 14 from Sep No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Oparure School OPA004SC 30 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Orini Combined School ORI001SC 120 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Otewa School OTE005SC 135 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Otunui School OTU006SC 9 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Parawera School PAR014SC 54 from Aug No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Paterangi School PAT006SC 110 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Piripiri School PIR003SC 23 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Pokuru School POK002SC 150 from Oct No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Puahue School PUA001SC 143 from Jun No surveillance 0/7 School BoT Pukeatua School PUK022SC 140 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/7 School BoT Pukemiro School PUK023SC 35 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Puketurua School PUK021SC 88 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/4 School BoT Rangitoto School RAN022SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Richmond Downs Primary School RIC005SC 45 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Ruawaro Combined School RUA009SC 54 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Rukuhia School RUK001SC 81 FC fail No surveillance 1/7 School BoT Springdale School School SPR006SC 64 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Tapapa School TAP005SC 40 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Tatuanui School TAT001SC 94 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Tauhei School TAU017SC 83 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/6 School BoT Tauwhare School TAU022SC 110 FC fail FC test 1/7 School BoT Te Akau School TEA010SC 58 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Te Aroha West School & Commun. * TEA005WE 50 FC fail Audit 10/52 Local Auth. Te Kowhai School TEK020SC 190 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Te Kura O Ngati Haua School TEK017SC 45 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Te Mata School TEM010SC 60 FC fail FC test (fail) 2/2 School BoT Te Miro School TEM009SC 65 FC fail No surveillance 1/12 School BoT Te Pahu School TEP016SC 172 from Jun No surveillance 0/7 School BoT Te Puninga School TEP004SC 35 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Te Uku School TEU001SC 150 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Te Waotu School TEW007SC 97 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/6 Local Auth. Waihou School WAI062SC 135 School now closed - School BoT Waikato Waldorf School WAI145SC 100 FC fail No surveillance 1/6 School BoT Waikokowai School WAI146SC 32 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waimata School WAI147SC 100 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Waimiha School WAI064SC 21 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Waingaro School WAI151SC 23 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waiterimu School WAI150SC 25 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Walton Primary School WAL003WA 90 from Jul Audit 0/6 School BoT Wardville Primary School WAR005SC 90 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Wharepapa South School WHA041SC 33 from May No surveillance 0/9 School BoT Whitehall School WHI009SC 51 from Feb No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Whitikahu School WHI008SC 50 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT * School now closed. Tauranga
148 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Kaimai School KAI018SC 77 FC fail FC test (fail) 4/15 School BoT Matakana Island School MAT020SC 40 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT O Te Ora Camp OTE004OT 35 Not monitored No surveillance - Private Oropi School ORO004SC 121 Complied FC test 0/14 School BoT Otamarakau School OTA007SC 70 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pongakawa School PON002SC 240 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pukehina School PUK008SC 80 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pyes Pa School PYE001SC 150 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Rangiuru School RAN009SC 29 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Rataroa Lodge-College Camp RAT002SC 30 Not monitored No surveillance - Private Te Ranga School TER001SC 25 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT Waiora Christian School WAI057SC 70 Closed 1/1/00 - School BoT Whakamarama School WHA023SC 76 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Whakatane Galatea School GAL002SC 60 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/9 School BoT Kutarere School KUT001KU 50 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Maraenui School MAR017SC 60 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Matahi School MAT027SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Nukuhou North School NUK002SC 60 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Omaio School OMA006SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Omarumutu School OMA013SC 140 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Raukokore School RAU004SC 40 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT Torere School TOR001TO 30 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Waiohau School WAI106SC 40 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Waiotahe School WAI107SC 110 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Wairata School * WAI140SC 30 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT * Deactivated 27/04/2001 Rotorua Horohoro School HOR002SC 52 Did not respond to survey 0/1 School BoT Huiarau Primary School HUI003SC 80 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/3 School BoT Kuratau Primary School KUR002SC 60 from Oct FC test 0/4 School BoT Marotiri School MAR016SC 120 from Oct FC test 0/8 School BoT Mokai Primary School * MOK003SC 35 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ngakuru School NGA007SC 58 from Sep FC test 0/7 School BoT Rangitaiki Primary School RAN016SC 60 from Oct FC test 0/10 School BoT Rerewhakaaitu School RER001SC 120 from Aug FC test 0/8 School BoT St Pauls Tihoi Venture School STP004SC 100 Not monitored FC test 0/5 School BoT Tauranga/Taupo School TAU012SC 95 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Te Whaiti School TEW002SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Upper Atiamuri School UPP003SC 52 Not monitored FC test 0/5 School BoT Waikite Valley School WAI056SC 98 from Sep FC test 0/7 School BoT Waiotapu School Camp WAI029WA 50 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/8 Private Waitahanui Primary School WAI075SC 60 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Whangamarino School WHA022SC 120 from Oct FC test 0/6 School BoT * School was closed by Min of Ed in 1999 / 2000, but Waitangi Tribunal has opposed closure, and current status is unknown. Tairawhiti Hangaroa School HAN004SC 15 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Hatea-a-rangi School HAT002SC 60 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Hiruharama Standard Block HIR002ST 40 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Hiruharama Tapu Te Ariki Block HIR002TA 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kura Kaupapa - Waipiro Bay KUR004SC 65 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kura Kaupapa Nga Taonga Tuturu KUR003SC 35 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Makarika School MAK005SC 25 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Makauri School MAK003SC 142 from Jun FC test 0/10 School BoT Mangatuna School MAN032SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Mata School MAT030SC 7 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Matawai School MAT022SC 100 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/7 School BoT Motu School MOT014SC 30 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 2/7 School BoT Muriwai School MUR007SC 35 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 149 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Ngata Memorial College NGA010SC 220 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Ngatapa School NGA018SC 36 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Ormond School ORM002SC 100 Inad. corrective action FC test 2/10 School BoT Patutahi School PAT007SC 55 from Jun FC test 0/8 School BoT Potaka School POT001SC 20 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Rangitukia School RAN021SC 25 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Rere School RER002SC 55 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tangatarite Kohanga Reo TAN007TA 20 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 Private Tauwhareparae School TAU015SC 15 Zone closed 12/99 - School BoT Te Karaka Primary School TEK002SC 191 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/7 School BoT Te Kura Kaupapa - Ngati Porou TEK015SC 118 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Te Kura O Manutahi (School) TEK008SC 150 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Te Puia Springs School * TEP008SC 25 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Te Waha O Rerekohu School TEW004SC 100 Not monitored FC test (fail) 2/2 School BoT Tikitiki School TIK003SC 105 Not monitored FC test 0/3 School BoT Tiniroto School TIN004SC 26 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tolaga Bay Area School TOL001SC 280 Not monitored FC test 0/2 School BoT Waerenga-O-Kuri School WAE001SC 30 from Jun FC test 0/8 School BoT Waikohu College Administration WAI088AD 30 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waikohu College North WAI088NO 45 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waikohu College South WAI088SO 30 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waikura School WAI126SC 10 Zone closed 12/00 - School BoT Waimata Valley School WAI128SC 22 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Wainui Beach School WAI089SC 200 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waipaoa Station School WAI127SC 17 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Whakaangiangi School WHA035SC 45 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Whangara School WHA033SC 40 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Wharekahika School WHA034SC 45 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Whatatutu School # WHA032SC 25 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT * Now part of TEP001TE # Now part of GIS001GI Hawkes Bay Ardkeen School ARD001SC 11 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Argyll East School ARG001SC 75 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT Bridge Pa School BRI003SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Clive School CLI003SC 234 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Crownthorpe School CRO002SC 43 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Elsthorpe School ELS002SC 72 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Eskdale School ESK001SC 170 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Flemington School FLE001SC 85 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Haumoana School HAU004SC 150 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Kereru School KER002SC 41 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kokako School KOK002SC 27 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Kotemaori School KOT001SC 30 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Mangaorapa School MAN022SC 20 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Mangateretere School MAN033SC 123 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Maraekakaho School MAR010SC 132 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Maraetotara School MAR014SC 10 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Meeanee School MEE001SC 67 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Mohaka School MOH001SC 54 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Nuhaka School NUH001SC 121 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Ohuka School OHU002SC 12 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Omahu School OMA009SC 63 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Omakere School OMA007SC 53 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Ongaonga School ONG002SC 118 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/5 School BoT Opoutama School OPO002SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Oueroa School OUE001SC 27 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Owenga School (Chatham Is.) OWE001SC 11 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/4 School BoT Paki Paki Bilingual School PAK009SC 172 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Pakowhai School PAK007SC 28 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/6 School BoT
150 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Patoka School PAT008SC 70 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Pitt Island School PIT001SC 12 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Poukawa School POU003SC 68 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Pukehamoamoa School PUK013SC 35 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Pukehou School PUK012SC 98 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Puketapu School PUK003PU 150 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Puketitiri School PUK014SC 13 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Putere School PUT004SC 13 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Putorino School PUT003SC 21 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Raukawa School RAU003SC 70 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Rissington School RIS001SC 23 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ruakituri School RUA006SC 41 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Sherenden School SHE003SC 60 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Sherwood School SHE002SC 72 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/5 School BoT Tareha School TAR003SC 45 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Te Aute College TEA004SC 275 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Te Haroto School TEH006SC 6 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Te Hauke School TEH005SC 27 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Te Kohanga Reo O Whakatu TEK016SC 30 Not monitored No surveillance - Private Te Mahia School TEM005SC 70 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Te One School (Chatham Is.) TEO001SC 84 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Te Reinga School TER002SC 21 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Tikokino School TIK002SC 80 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/5 School BoT TKKM O NK Ki Heretaunga TKK001SC 80 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tukemokihi School TUK002SC 10 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/4 School BoT Turiroa School TUR004SC 110 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Tutira School TUT002SC 70 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Twyford School TWY001SC 181 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waihua School WAI131SC 36 Zone closed 1999 - School BoT Wallingford School WAL002SC 30 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Whakaki School WHA028SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Taranaki Ahititi Primary School AHI002SC 16 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Douglas Primary School DOU002SC 22 FC fail No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Egmont Village School EGM001SC 85 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Fraser Road School FRA002SC 25 FC fail FC test 1/4 School BoT Huiakama School HUI001SC 31 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Huirangi Primary School HUI002SC 70 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Hurleyville School HUR004SC 25 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Kaimata Primary School KAI031SC 63 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Kaimiro School KAI033SC 25 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Kakaramea School KAK004SC 50 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Makahu School MAK006SC 16 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/1 School BoT Marco School MAR013SC 13 FC fail No surveillance 2/2 School BoT Matau School MAT026SC 10 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Mimi Primary School MIM001SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Mokoia School MOK005SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Motonui School * MOT019SC 80 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Newall School NEW004SC 40 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Ngaere School NGA006NG 134 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Ngamatapouri School NGA014SC 35 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Norfolk Primary School NOR010SC 99 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Oaonui School OAO002OA 25 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Ohangai School OHA011SC 25 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Omata Primary School OMA010SC 98 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Pembroke Primary School PEM001SC 65 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Pungarehu School PUN003SC 50 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Ratapiko Primary School RAT003SC 35 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Rawhitiroa School RAW003SC 25 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/3 School BoT Seventh Day Adventist School SEV001SC 35 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 151 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Stanley School STA005SC 36 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Tahora School TAH006SC 25 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Tarata Primary School TAR004SC 10 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Toko Primary School TOK009SC 108 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Uruti Primary School URU002SC 14 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waitoriki Primary School WAI100SC 26 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Waitotora School WAI101SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Warea School WAR004SC 55 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Whenuakura School WHE001SC 70 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT School is going onto reticulated town supply in early 2001 Wanganui Brunswick School BRU002SC 39 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/4 School BoT Kaitoke School KAI023SC 70 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kakatahi School KAK003SC 26 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Mangamahu School MAN019SC 40 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/2 School BoT Mataroa School MAT013SC 38 from Nov No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Mosston School MOS003SC 121 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/2 School BoT Ngamatea School NGA008SC 25 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Okoia School OKO001SC 34 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Orautoha School ORA005SC 15 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Parewanui School PAR007SC 30 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Parikino School PAR008SC 89 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Pipiriki School PIP002SC 16 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Pukeokahu School PUK010SC 25 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/3 School BoT Ranana School RAN011SC 30 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Rangiwaea School RAN010SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT South Makirikiri School SOU004SC 137 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Taoroa School TAO002SC 27 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Turakina School TUR002SC 102 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Upokongaro School UPO001SC 86 FC fail No surveillance 1/5 School BoT Wanganui SDA School WAN003SC 11 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Whangaehu School WHA025SC 25 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Manawatu Aokautere School AOK001SC 90 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Apiti School API001SC 37 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Awahou School AWA004SC 63 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Awariki School AWA005SC 38 Inad. corrective action FC test 2/4 School BoT Bainesse School BAI001SC 27 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Ballance School BAL002SC 60 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 2/5 School BoT Colyton School COL006SC 95 Inad. corrective action FC test 3/4 School BoT Glen Oroua School GLE007SC 36 Inad. corrective action FC test 1/4 School BoT Hiwinui School HIW001SC 60 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Kairanga School KAI017SC 135 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Kohinui School KOH001SC 30 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/7 School BoT Kopane School KOP001SC 35 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Koputaroa School KOP002SC 160 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Kumeroa-Hopelands School KUM002SC 48 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Linton School * LIN004SC 30 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Longburn Adventist College LON002SC 210 from Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Makuri School MAK004SC 25 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Manakau School MAN015SC 59 Inad. corrective action FC test 3/4 School BoT Mangamaire School MAN018SC 95 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/8 School BoT Mangatainoka School MAN016SC 36 FC fail FC test 1/5 School BoT Matamau School MAT012SC 47 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Motea School MOT008SC 31 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Mt Biggs School MTB001SC 70 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Muhunoa East School MUH001ME 22 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Newbury School NEW003SC 155 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Nireaha School NIR001SC 27 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/5 School BoT
152 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Opiki School OPI001SC 80 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Ormondville School ORM001SC 54 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Oroua Downs School ORO003SC 120 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Papatawa School PAP003SC 28 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Poroutawhao School POR006SC 77 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Rangiwahia School RAN008SC 24 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Rongotea School RON001SC 205 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/9 School BoT Rua Roa School RUA004SC 68 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/5 School BoT Ruahine School RUA005SC 108 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Sanson School SAN004SC 125 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Taikorea School TAI005SC 12 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tangimoana School TAN002SC 22 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Taonui School TAO001SC 60 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Utuwai School UTU001SC 11 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Weber School WEB001SC 49 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Whakarongo School WHA021SC 156 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT * Name Change to Linton Country School Wairarapa Dalefield School DAL002SC 79 from Feb Audit 0/11 School BoT Gladstone School GLA001SC 120 Inadequate sampling Audit 0/1 School BoT Kahutara School KAH002SC 106 Inadequate sampling Audit 0/2 School BoT Mauriceville School MAU005SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Miki Miki School MIK001SC 25 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Okatutete School OKA009SC 36 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Rathkeale College RAT005SC 350 Complied Audit 0/12 School BoT South Featherston School SOU006SC 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Tuturumuri School TUT003SC 29 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/3 School BoT Whareama School WHA039SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Hutt Valley Mangaroa School MAN027SC 80 Inadequate sampling Audit 0/10 School BoT Ohariu Model School OHA012SC 15 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Nelson Appleby School APP001AS 106 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Brooklyn School BRO001BS 85 from Feb FC test 0/12 School BoT Central Takaka School CEN004SC 50 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/10 School BoT Collingwood Area School COL004CA 250 FC fail FC test 1/13 School BoT Foxhill School FOX004FS 31 FC fail FC test 2/10 School BoT Golden Bay High School GOL001GB 370 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Hira School HIR001HS 97 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/5 School BoT Lake Rotoiti School LAK005LR 32 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/11 School BoT Lower Moutere School LOW003LM 240 FC fail FC test (fail) 4/13 School BoT Mahana School MAH002MS 73 FC fail FC test 1/10 School BoT Motueka High School MOT005MH 700 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Motueka South School MOT004MS 240 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/11 School BoT Motupipi School MOT006MS 93 from Feb FC test 0/12 School BoT Ngatimoti School NGA005NS 70 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/6 School BoT Parklands School PAR006PS 340 from Feb FC test 0/12 School BoT Riwaka School RIW001RS 215 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT St Peter Chanel School STP001SP 82 from Feb FC test 0/12 School BoT Takaka School TAK003TS 167 from Feb FC test 0/12 School BoT Tasman Bay Christian School TAS003SC 70 FC fail FC test (fail) 3/5 Private Tasman School TAS001TS 63 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/10 School BoT Marlborough Canvastown School CAN002SC 33 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/5 School BoT Fairhall School FAI003SC 160 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT French Pass School FRE002SC 15 FC fail FC test 1/3 School BoT Grovetown School GRO001SC 73 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Koromiko School KOR001SC 60 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/2 School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 153 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Linkwater School LIN006SC 50 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 2/3 School BoT Okaramio School * OKA005SC 15 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Rai Valley School RAI004SC 184 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Rapaura School RAP001SC 110 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Riverlands School RIV010SC 225 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Spring Creek School SPR005SC 65 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Tuamarina School TUA006SC 90 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Waitaria Bay School WAI077SC 25 Not monitored FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT * Zone now closd West Coast Ahaura School AHA001AH 40 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Barrytown School BAR001SC 41 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Haast School HAA002SC 37 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/1 School BoT Inangahua Junction School INA002SC 14 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Jacobs River School JAC001SC 10 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Kaiata School KAI026SC 43 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Karamea School KAR006SC 147 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Kokatahi School KOK003SC 35 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Lake Brunner School LAK008SC 24 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Maruia School MAR011SC 30 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/4 School BoT Moonlight School MOO001SC 12 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Ngahere School NGA011SC 27 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Paroa School PAR011SC 125 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Rotomanu School ROT005RO 24 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 2/4 School BoT South Westland Area School HAR001SC 200 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Totara Flat School TOT002SC 52 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Canterbury Adams House * CHR004AD 130 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Briggston Primary School BRI002SC 91 Did not contact - School BoT Broadfield School BRO005SC 70 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Carew School CAR004SC 60 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/7 School BoT Clarkville School CLA003SC 200 Not monitored FC test 0/5 School BoT Dorie School DOR001SC 48 Complied No surveillance 0/14 School BoT Freeville Primary School FRE001SC 330 Did not contact - School BoT Glenmoor Primary School GLE008SC 80 Did not contact - School BoT Greenpark School GRE005SC 67 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Halket School HAL002SC 20 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Halswell Primary School HAL005SC 516 Did not contact - School BoT Hammersley Park Primary School HAM005SC 156 Did not contact - School BoT Kings Christian School KIN004SC 31 Did not contact - School BoT Ladbrooks Primary School LAD001SC 54 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Lagmhor School LAG001SC 50 Did not respond to survey 0/3 School BoT Linwood Ave Primary School LIN005SC 455 Did not contact - School BoT Lismore School LIS001SC 39 Closed 1999 - School BoT Little River School LIT002SC 90 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/9 School BoT Longbeach School LON004SC 86 Inadequate sampling Audit 0/3 School BoT Lowcliffe School LOW007SC 57 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Lyndhurst School LYN001SC 34 Closed 1999 - School BoT Mairehau Primary School MAI001SC 260 from Aug No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Marshlands Primary School MAR008SC 144 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT McKenzie Residential School MCK001SC 70 Did not contact - School BoT North New Brighton Pri.Sch. NOR008SC 335 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Northcote Primary School NOR007SC 162 Closed 4/00 - School BoT Ouruhia Primary School OUR001SC 62 Did not contact - School BoT Richmond Primary School RIC003SC 209 Did not contact - School BoT Shirley Primary School SHI002SC 260 Did not contact - School BoT South Hornby Primary School SOU003SC 317 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Springburn School SPR001SC 1 School closed 1999 - School BoT Swannanoa School SWA001SC 40 Not monitored FC test 0/6 School BoT
154 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Tuahiwi School TUA007SC 50 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Waikuku School WAI080SC 100 Not monitored FC test 0/3 School BoT Waimairi School WAI122SC 350 from Aug No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Wainoni Primary School WAI060SC 200 Did not contact - School BoT Wakanui School WAK003SC 60 Not monitored FC test 0/3 School BoT Weedons School WEE001SC 129 FC fail FC test 2/6 School BoT West Spreydon Primary School WES006SC 253 Did not contact - School BoT Westerfield School WES008SC 1 School closed 1999 - School BoT Yaldhurst Primary School YAL001SC 130 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/8 School BoT * Now on Christchurch City supply South Canterbury Clandeboye School CLA004SC 35 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Lauriston School LAU003SC 58 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Mesopotamia Station and School MES001ME 25 Not monitored No surveillance - Private Milford School MIL004SC 46 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Waihi School WAI121SC 130 Not monitored No surveillance - School BoT Otago Becks School BEC001BE 26 Closed 6/00 FC test (fail) 1/1 School BoT Five Forks School FIV001FI 50 Complied FC test (fail) 1/14 School BoT Lee Stream School LEE002LS 55 Unable to contact FC test 0/2 School BoT Macraes Moonlight School MAC002MA 30 Complied FC test 0/14 School BoT Millers Flat School MIL003MF 48 from Nov FC test 0/4 School BoT Oturehua School OTU001OT 13 Closed 1997 - School BoT Paerau School PAE003PA 10 Unable to contact FC test 0/2 School BoT Poolburn School POO001PO 39 Unable to contact FC test 0/2 School BoT Purakanui School PUR005PU 30 Unable to contact FC test 0/2 School BoT Strath-Taieri School STR002ST 90 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/6 School BoT Tahakopa School TAH004SC 25 Not monitored FC test - School BoT Taieri Beach School TAI014SC 40 from Oct FC test 0/5 School BoT Tarras School TAR002TA 27 Unable to contact FC test 0/2 School BoT Wyllies Crossing School WYL001WC 25 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Southland Blackmount School BLA004SC 17 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Brydone School BRY002SC 16 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 7/31 School BoT Clifton School * CLI002SC 90 Not monitored No surveillance - Local Auth. Dacre School DAC001SC 33 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Dipton Primary School DIP001SC 73 Complied FC test 0/28 School BoT Drummond School DRU002SC 37 Complied FC test 0/29 School BoT Five Rivers School FIV002SC 26 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Garston School GAR002SC 35 Complied FC test (fail) 2/14 School BoT Glenham School GLE009SC 22 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Gorge Road School GOR002SC 68 Complied FC test 0/13 School BoT Halfmoon Bay School HAL003SC 30 Inad. corrective action No surveillance 1/5 School BoT Hawea Flat School HAW004SC 50 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/9 School BoT Heddon Bush School HED001SC 39 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Hedgehope School HED002SC 39 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Hillside Primary School HIL001SC 56 Complied FC test 0/32 School BoT Isla Bank School ISL002SC 33 FC fail FC test 14/32 School BoT Limehills School LIM001SC 95 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Lochiel School LOC001SC 95 Complied FC test 0/31 School BoT Mararoa School MAR009SC 60 Complied FC test (fail) 1/18 School BoT Menzies College, Wyndham MEN001SC 470 Inadequate sampling No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Mokoreta School MOK004SC 13 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Myross Bush School MYR001SC 96 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/6 School BoT Orepuki School ORE002SC 22 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Oreti Plains School ORE003SC 33 Complied FC test 0/32 School BoT Otapiri School OTA010SC 16 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Otatara School OTA009SC 280 Complied FC test 0/16 School BoT Rimu School RIM001SC 136 Inad. corrective action FC test 3/5 School BoT
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 155 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 ZoneName ZoneCode Pop Compliance Surveillance FC results WaterSupplier Riversdale School RIV009SC 119 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Te Tipua School TET001SC 57 Complied FC test (fail) 2/28 School BoT Thornbury School THO001SC 41 FC fail FC test (fail) 12/28 School BoT Tisbury School * TIS001SC 69 Not monitored No surveillance - Local Auth. Tokanui School TOK007SC 82 Not monitored FC test 0/6 School BoT Tuturau School TUT001SC 45 Inad. corrective action FC test (fail) 11/32 School BoT Waianawa School WAI078SC 80 Complied FC test 0/27 School BoT Waikaia School WAI076SC 26 Complied FC test (fail) 1/32 School BoT Waimahaka School WAI070SC 37 Complied FC test 0/18 School BoT Wallacetown School WAL001SC 41 Inadequate sampling FC test (fail) 1/5 School BoT West Plains School WES009SC 47 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT Woodlands School WOO003SC 82 Not monitored FC test 0/1 School BoT Wyndham Primary School WYN001SC 140 Inadequate sampling FC test 0/4 School BoT * Now part of Invercargill City supply (INV001IN)
156 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 11: School drinking-water supplies that have yet to be registered
School District Address Arorangi School South Waikato 52 West Road, R D 0, Tokoroa Coroglen School Thames-Coromandel R D 1, Whitianga, via Thames Hikuai School Thames-Coromandel School Road, R D Hikuai, via Thames Manaia School (Thames) Thames-Coromandel Goldfields Road, R D, Manaia, Coromandel Opoutere School Thames-Coromandel State Highway 25, R D 1, Tawatawa, Whangamata Puriri School Thames-Coromandel Puriri Valley Road, R D 1, Thames Valley Tapu School Thames-Coromandel Thames Coast Road, R D 5, Thames Te Puru School Thames-Coromandel 507 Thames Coast Road, R D 5, Te Puru, Thames Coast Te Rerenga School Thames-Coromandel 1229 Whangapoua Road, R D 1, Te Rerenga, Coromandel Whenuakite School Thames-Coromandel R D 1, Whitianga Kimihia School Waikato P O Box 36, Huntly Rotokauri School Waikato 462 Rotokauri Road, R D 9, Hamilton Waerenga School Waikato Taniwha Road, R D 1, Waerenga, Te Kauwhata Waitetuna School Waikato R D 1, Raglan Whatawhata School Waikato 9 Kura Street, R D 9, Frankton, Hamilton Manawahe School Whakatane Manawahe Road, R D 3, Whakatane Moawhango School Rangitikei Te Moehau Road, R D 2, Moawhango, Taihape Ohingaiti School Rangitikei Onslow Street, R D 5, Hunterville Otairi School Rangitikei Turakina Valley Road, R D 2, Hunterville Papanui Junction School Rangitikei Cnr Okaka & Turakina Valley Roads, R D 1, Taihape Santoft School Rangitikei Beamish Road, R D 1 Beamish Road, Santoft, Bulls Whareorino School Waitomo Waikawau Road, Private Bag 8, Mokau Aberfeldy School Wanganui Parapara Highway, R D 3, Wanganui Hohepa Home School (Napier) Napier Fryers Road, P O Box 7385, Taradale, Napier Tiraumea School Tararua Route 52, R D 3, Eketahuna Waitahora School Tararua Waitahora Valley Road, R D 1, Waitahora, Dannevirke Raupunga School Wairoa Putere Road, R D 4, Raupunga Bideford School Masterton Cnr Te Ore Ore Bideford & Mangapuru Road, R D 11, Masterton Pirinoa School South Wairarapa Pirinoa Road, R D 2, Featherston Gloriavale Christian Community School Grey Heaphy Road, Private Bag 611, Greymouth Shiloh Christian Academy (Motueka) Tasman 25 Woodlands Avenue, P O Box 104, Motueka Le Bons Bay School Banks Peninsula Le Bons Bay Road, R D 3, Akaroa Okains Bay School Banks Peninsula Okains Bay Road, Okains Bay Allanton School Dunedin City Bardsey Street, R D 2, Allanton, Dunedin Makarora Primary School Queenstown-Lakes Makarora, via Wanaka
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 157 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 12: List of health districts and public health service providers
Health District Office Public Health Service Provider Telephone No.
Northland Whangarei Northland District Health Board (09) 430 4100 Northland Kerikeri Northland District Health Board (09) 407 8314 Northland Kaitaia Northland District Health Board (09) 408 0010 Auckland Auckland Auckland District Health Board (09) 262 1855 Waikato Hamilton Waikato District Health Board (07) 838 2569 Tauranga Tauranga Pacific Health (07) 571 8975 Whakatane Whakatane Pacific Health (07) 307 8720 Rotorua Rotorua Pacific Health (07) 349 3520 Gisborne Gisborne Tairawhiti District Health Board (06) 867 9119 Taranaki New Plymouth Taranaki District Health Board (06) 753 7798 Hawkes Bay Napier Hawkes Bay District Health Board (06) 834 1815 Wanganui Wanganui MidCentral District Health Board (06) 348 1775 Manawatu Palmerston North MidCentral District Health Board (06) 350 9110 Hutt Valley Lower Hutt Hutt Valley Health (04) 570 9002 Wairarapa Masterton Hutt Valley Health (06) 378 9029 Nelson Nelson Nelson-Marlborough District (03) 546 1537 Health Board Marlborough Blenheim Nelson-Marlborough District (03) 577 1914 Health Board West Coast Greymouth Crown Public Health (03) 768 1160 Canterbury Christchurch Crown Public Health (03) 379 9480 South Canterbury Timaru Crown Public Health (03) 688 6019 Otago Dunedin Public Health South (03) 474 1700 Southland Queenstown Public Health South (03) 442 2500 Southland Invercargill Public Health South (03) 211 0900
158 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 13: Ministry of Education circular to schools
DATE25 January 2000 CIRCULAR 2000/01 CATEGORY Property
Drinking-water quality in schools
THIS CIRCULAR IS This Circular has been written in conjunction with the Ministry ABOUT: of Health. It is about the quality of drinking-water in schools including guidelines on how to improve and maintain safe drinking-water.
THE ACTION REQUIRED This Circular contains a number of requirements that boards of IS: trustees must follow to ensure that their drinking-water supply is safe.
IT IS INTENDED FOR: Board chairpersons and principals of state schools, particularly those that have their own drinking-water supplies.
FOR FURTHER Contact your nearest Ministry of Education district property INFORMATION: office or Health Protection Officer listed at the end of this Circular, for further information or help.
INTRODUCTION Boards of trustees have the responsibility of making sure that there is sufficient fresh water at the school for washing and drinking and all other school purposes. This is a term of the Ministry of Education’s Health and Safety Code of Practice – see clause 12. For schools with their own water supply, this means having an effective filtration system operating and taking regular water samples. However, all schools should take note of the information in this Circular and make sure they have taken the steps necessary to ensure their school water supply is safe.
The Ministry of Health’s annual review Each year, the Ministry of Health does a microbiological review of the quality of drinking water in New Zealand. A number of schools are identified every year in the review as either failing to monitor their water supply or with contamination in their water supply.
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 159 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000
Drinking poor quality water can cause illness from poisoning or infection. Those at greatest risk are children, the elderly and the ailing. It is often difficult to determine how many people become ill after drinking contaminated water unless there is a large outbreak of disease. In most cases, people become ill without realising that it was the water that made them sick. The two most significant waterborne diseases are lead poisoning and gastroenteritis (caused by germs).
Our Ministry of Education district property offices will notify you if your school is one of those identified in the review.
Drinking-water Standards for New Zealand 1995 (DWSNZ) To control waterborne disease in New Zealand, the Ministry of Health introduced the Drinking-water Standards for New Zealand (DWSNZ) in 1995. These set out minimum values for contaminants and how often the water must be sampled. Compliance with these standards will minimise the chance of contracting waterborne disease from your drinking- water supply. The action you must take to comply is fully described in the DWSNZ but the key requirements are summarised below.
What to do about lead (this section applies to all schools) Lead can appear in drinking-water by corrosion of brass in taps after water has stood in the plumbing over night. All taps used for drinking should be flushed briefly before the start of school, and about lunchtime. Furthermore, lead may leach from roofing materials so ask your local Health Protection Officer (HPO) if your water supply has been sampled for lead. If not, request that a sample be taken for testing. Lead in tank water may indicate a source of lead on the roof that should be found and, if possible, removed. Contact details for HPOs are listed at the end of this Circular.
In 1998, only 1% of schools on non-town supplies complied.
What to do about germs
Does all your school drinking-water come from the town water supply? Yes There should be no need to conduct your own testing. However, to check that the quality of the town supply complies with the DWSNZ, contact your local HPO. No You will need to have a programme to monitor your water for faecal coliforms or E. coli to comply with the DWSNZ. The following information in this Circular will help you to put a programme in place.
Is your school supply registered? If you don’t know, contact your HPO. If the school supply is not on the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand, ask the HPO to register it. (Each registered drinking-water supply has a unique zone code that should be noted on all sample bottles and accompanying documentation.)
160 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Is the school supply adequately treated? (If you don’t know, please contact your HPO.) Yes You will need to ensure that the treatment system is regularly inspected and maintained. No Contact your Ministry of Education district property office to discuss the options for an appropriate treatment plant. The Ministry of Education will programme funding for the purchase and upgrade of a treatment system in its Capital Works Programme.
Water treatment and treatment plant maintenance Correct installation of appropriate equipment, regular maintenance and vigilance are essential for effective treatment. The maintenance requirements differ for different treatment systems. School treatment plants generally fall into one of the following categories: • Water from a secure groundwater supply Water from secure groundwater supplies will not contain germs and will need no treatment. However, it must be demonstrated to be safe. Contact your HPO to verify this. • Filtration and UV system Filtered UV systems can fail if either the filter or the UV lamp is not working. Ensure that the filter is rated to remove particles of 5 µm or larger and that the water flows through the filter before passing the UV lamp. Change the filter and clean the UV lamp at least once a week, more if slimes are found on it when you clean it. Check daily that the UV light is working. • Chlorination plant Chlorinated systems can fail if either the filter or the chlorinator is not working effectively. Ensure that water flows through the filter before being chlorinated. Change or backwash the filter and check the chlorinator regularly. Check each day to ensure that the chlorination compound supply you are using, eg, HTH, has not run out.
Always refer to the operating specifications of your system before carrying out any maintenance.
Monitoring requirements (water sampling) Samples should not be collected on the same day each month but scattered throughout the week. It is preferable to use a tap at the furthermost end of the water pipe as the main sampling point.
A minimum of one sample per month is required to satisfy the monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ.
How to collect a water sample First, flush the tap for at least one minute. Then turn off the tap and sterilise the end of the tap. This can be done by either flaming the end of the tap for about ten seconds with a gas
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 161 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 burner or rinsing the tap (including the inside) with bleach using a squirt bottle. Then turn on the tap and let it run for a few seconds before taking the sample.
Samples must be collected in a sterile bottle of at least 225 mL capacity. If the water supply is chlorinated then the bottle must also contain a small amount of sterile sodium thiosulphate to neutralise any chlorine in the water. Sample containers are normally supplied by the laboratory.
The bottle must be filled to at least 200 mL, leaving an air space of 2–3 cm at the top of the bottle to allow the sample to be mixed in the laboratory. It is very important that the bottle and the tap are not contaminated with bacteria that will be present on most surfaces including your hands. So do not touch the tap after it is sterilised or the inside of the lid or the top of the bottle and do not place the lid on the ground where it can be contaminated. The lid should be screwed tight immediately after the sample is collected.
Sample documentation, storage and transport The following information should be written on the label of the sample bottle: • sample site details • zone code (from the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand) • date and time of sampling.
The sample must be kept chilled and in the dark until testing which must occur within 24 hours of collection. Do not freeze. Transport or courier the sample to the laboratory in a chilly bin containing a cooler block.
Only laboratories that are registered for drinking-water compliance testing by the Ministry of Health should be used. Results obtained from non-registered laboratories may not be reliable and cannot be used to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ. To find out whether a laboratory is on the Register, contact your HPO.
What to do if samples fail If faecal coliforms or E. coli are found in the water sample then the water is contaminated with faeces and will fail to comply with the DWSNZ. If this occurs, contact your HPO immediately and send another sample for analysis.
Until the problem can be rectified, the water should be boiled before drinking.
Funding issues You will have to include in your annual budgeting round, funds for water sampling and the maintenance of your plant. You are funded for these expenses in your annual operational funding.
You may be able to make some savings by joining with other schools, for example, you could talk to other schools in your area to arrange a ‘bulk’ rate with a particular laboratory to do all the schools in the area. Similarly you could make further savings by arranging for
162 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 the courier to go through at the same time each month to collect all the samples and pay a portion of the courier fee each.
If you do not have an appropriate treatment system, or if your treatment system is in need of a major upgrade, you can discuss this with your district property office and depending on the urgency of the work, it will be programmed into the Ministry’s annual Capital Works Programme. The addresses of our district property offices are included below.
Who to contact for further information Further information about funding issues can be obtained from your Ministry of Education district property office.
Ministry of Education district property offices Telephone no.
Whangarei (09) 438 2730 Auckland (09) 377 7655 Hamilton (07) 838 3708 Rotorua (07) 348 1322 Wanganui (06) 345 0198 Napier (06) 835 9671 Lower Hutt (04) 566 1219 Nelson (03) 546 8474 Christchurch (03) 365 7386 Dunedin (03) 474 0152 Invercargill (03) 218 2466
Further information about drinking-water quality and how to manage it at your school can be obtained from your local council or HPO.
Health Protection Officers (HPOs) Telephone no.
Northland Health (Whangarei) (09) 430 4100 Northland Health (Kerikeri) (09) 407 8314 Northland Health (Kaitaia) (09) 408 3425 Auckland Healthcare (09) 262 1855 Health Waikato (07) 838 2569 Pacific Health (Tauranga) (07) 571 8975 Pacific Health (Whakatane) (07) 307 8720 Pacific Health (Rotorua) (07) 349 3520 Tairawhiti Healthcare (06) 867 9119 Taranaki Healthcare (06) 753 7798 Health Care Hawkes Bay (06) 834 1815 MidCentral Health (Wanganui) (06) 345 1775 MidCentral Health (Manawatu) (06) 350 9110 Hutt Valley Health (Wellington) (04) 570 0044 Hutt Valley Health (Wairarapa) (06) 378 9029 Nelson-Marlborough Health (Nelson) (03) 546 1537 Nelson-Marlborough Health (Marlb.) (03) 577 1914 Crown Public Health (West Coast) (03) 768 1160
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 163 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Crown Public Health (Canterbury) (03) 379 9480 Crown Public Health (Sth. Canterbury) (03) 688 6019 Healthcare Otago (03) 474 1700 Southern Public Health (Invercargill) (03) 214 2375 Southern Public Health (Queenstown) (03) 442 0444
Issued by: Brian Mitchell Implementation Manager, Property Management Group National Office 45–47 Pipitea Street, Thorndon P O Box 1666, Wellington, New Zealand www.minedu.govt.nz
164 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Appendix 14: Grading
The source and plant grading (A to E)
This grading relates to the water as it is when leaving the treatment plant, before it enters the reticulation system. It is concerned with the barriers guarding against contaminated water. Possible grades are:
Grade Description
A1 Completely satisfactory, negligible level of risk, demonstrably high quality A Completely satisfactory, very low level of risk B Satisfactory, low level of risk C Marginal, moderate level of risk, may be acceptable in some small communities D Unsatisfactory, high level of risk E Completely unsatisfactory, very high level of risk
Gradings are calculated using a complex algorithm involving multiple tables. Factors include the water’s origin, characteristics, compliance with standards, and the degree of treatment and process supervision. Each grade can be attained by a variety of factor combinations. However, some generalisations can be made: • An A1 grade requires not only quality water and procedures, but also that an internationally-recognised quality assurance scheme be in operation. • An A1 or A grade will always have residual disinfection in place to safeguard against microbiological contamination. • Deep groundwater that is not chlorinated can at best receive a B grade, because of the slight but real possibility of contamination in the reticulation system. • Water not meeting the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand cannot attain an A or B grade, but may receive a C grade. • A C grade usually implies that the quality of the water delivered is variable, and that there is only a low level of confidence that the water will always be safe. • A D grade may mean the supply is from a protected river or lake catchment, but treatment is inadequate. • An E grade is likely to mean the water comes from a river or lake without adequate protection from animal or human contamination, and subsequent treatment, if any, is inadequate to overcome these risks.
In conclusion, water of grade C is considered marginal. It may be acceptable to consumers in very small supplies if the alternatives are too expensive or otherwise impracticable.
Water of grade A or B is considered as safe, while a grading of D or E indicates the water is either unsafe, or that inadequate data or procedures are in place to demonstrate otherwise. This is an important proviso, since both the grading and standards emphasise that you have to show it is safe. Finding nothing wrong because you hardly looked is not acceptable.
The distribution grading (a to e)
Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 165 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000 Emphasis in this part of the grading is on the quality of the water and the systems in place (procedures and reticulation quality) to minimise the risk of unsafe water to the consumer. The grading is calculated using a questionnaire, with demerit marks awarded for unsatisfactory aspects.
Grade Description Sum of Marks
a Completely satisfactory, negligible level of risk, demonstrably high 0–3 quality b Satisfactory, low level of risk 4–7 c Marginal, moderate level of risk, may be acceptable in some small 8–10 communities d Unsatisfactory, high level of risk 11–15 e Completely unsatisfactory, very high level of risk 16–33
Demerits are given for a variety of reasons, including (most significant ones first): • 8 marks non-compliance for faecal coliform bacteria • 4 marks non-compliance for health-significant chemicals • 5 marks inadequate supply management • 3 marks each of: inadequate pressure, storage, backflow prevention • 2 marks each of: inadequate piping, maintenance.
While the combinations are obviously many, three important conclusions are: • a zone without bacterial compliance cannot gain an ‘a’ or ‘b’ grade • zone without chemical compliance cannot gain an ‘a’ grade • inadequate management alone can have a significant effect on the grading attained.
As emphasised in the earlier discussion, while chemical risks are important, the primary risk is microbiological.
To conclude, an ‘a’ or ‘b’ grade is satisfactory, a ‘c’ is marginal and ‘d’ or ‘e’ are unsatisfactory.
166 Draft Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2000