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American Automobile Racing Racing in America Educator Digikit grades 3-8 Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing Racing in America Educator DigiKit Transportation in America overview contents 2 Overview 36 Lesson 3 57 Lesson 5 Scientific concepts such as Newton’s laws, inertia, momentum, Forces Involved in Automobile Racing Ground Effects, Innovations and Safety forces, Bernoulli’s principle, centripetal force, kinetic and poten- in Automobile Racing tial energy, heat energy, electrical energy and changes of energy 5 Teacher Guide 40 Background Information Sheet are much easier to understand when illustrated with exciting, for Students #3A: 60 Background Information Sheet 6 Glossary real-world examples. The Science, Life Skills and Innovations in Forces Involved in Auto Racing for Students #5A: American Automobile Racing Educator DigiKit does just that. 8 Timelines 43 Student Activity Sheet #3B: Ground Effects, Innovations and Using The Henry Ford’s collections, including digitized artifacts 10 Context-Setting Activities Forces Safety in Automobile Racing and oral history interviews with famous racecar drivers, engineers 11 Bibliography 45 Answer Key #3B: Forces 63 Student Activity Sheet #5B: and innovators, you and your students will explore “How are Ground Effects, Innovations and 12 Connections to National Safety in Automobile Racing science concepts demonstrated by auto racing? How do innovations and Michigan Standards 46 Lesson 4 65 Answer Key #5B: in auto racing make use of science concepts?” and Expectations Motion and Energy in Automobile Racing Ground Effects, Innovations and This Educator DigiKit is divided into two sections: 19 Field Trip Learning Safety in Automobile Racing Enhancements 48 Background Information Sheet a Teacher Guide and a Unit Plan. for Students #4A: Motion and Energy in Automobile Racing 67 Supplemental Resources The Teacher Guide section includes resources to complement the 21 Unit Plan 51 Student Activity Sheet #4B: Unit Plan. You will find a Glossary, a Timeline, Context-Setting 68 Culminating Projects Distance, Velocity and activities, a Bibliography, curriculum links, and curriculum-sup- 22 Unit Plan Overview Acceleration (Grades 4-5) 69 Extension Activities porting field trip suggestions. 53 Student Activity Sheet #4C: 70 Student Activity Sheet #6: The Unit Plan section follows the Teacher Guide and includes les- Distance, Velocity and Review/Assessment Questions 25 Lesson 1 son plans, student handouts, answer keys, culminating project ideas, Acceleration (Grades 6-8) Life Skills and Automobile Racing 73 Answer Key #6: extension activities, and review and assessment questions. Many of 55 Answer Key #4B/C: Review/Assessment Questions Distance, Velocity mission statement the lessons include use of digitized artifacts from the collections of and Acceleration The Henry Ford provides unique edu- The Henry Ford which can be accessed through the hyperlinks in 27 Lesson 2 (Grades 4-5/Grades 6-8) cational experiences based on authentic the Unit Plan or at our website, TheHenryFord.org/education. If Newton’s Three Laws and Racing objects, stories and lives from America’s you cannot incorporate the whole unit into your schedule, use the traditions of ingenuity, resourcefulness lessons or activities most relevant to your needs. 29 Background Information Sheet for Students #2A: Newton’s and innovation. Our purpose is to inspire This Educator DigiKit promotes educational use of The Henry Three Laws and Racing people to learn from these traditions to help shape a better future. Ford’s extensive “Transportation in American Life” collections. 32 Student Activity Sheet #2B: These lesson plans have been created for a wide range of ages, abilities, and Newton’s Three Laws We hope you and your students will find these resources engaging background levels. Teachers are encourage to use them as appropriate by scaling and relevant. 34 Answer Key #2B: Newton’s activities up or down to best meet students’ needs. Contents Copyright © 2010. Educator DigiKit can only be reproduced in part or as a Three Laws whole, by educators for classroom use. Any other form of reproduction needs written ap- These resources made possible, in part, by the generous funding Please refer to the online version of the Educator DigiKits for the most updated links to digital artifacts. proval of The Henry Ford. Direct all such inquiries to [email protected] of the Ford Foundation. 2 Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit thehenryford.org/education thehenryford.org/education Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit 3 teacher guide | for grades 3-8 4 Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit thehenryford.org/education thehenryford.org/education Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing | Educator DigiKit 5 Glossary Glossary Continued Acceleration Centripetal force Friction Potential energy Speed Watt The rate at which an object’s A force toward the center that makes The opposing force between two Energy due to position; stored The distance an object travels A measurement of power. One watt velocity changes; a = Δ v/ Δ t. an object move in a circle rather than objects that are in contact with energy, or the ability to do work. divided by the time it takes to is 1 joule of work per 1 second. in a straight line. and moving against each other. travel the distance. Acceleration due to gravity Power Weight The downward acceleration of Conversion Gravity Rate of doing work, or work Thermal energy The force of gravity pulling on an an object due to the gravitational Changing from one set of units The natural pull of the earth divided by time. Heat energy. object; weight equals mass times attraction between the object and to another, such as from miles on an object. the acceleration due to gravity. the earth or other large body. per hour to meters per second. Pressure Tradeoff Ground effects Force divided by area. A term that describes how an im- Work Aerodynamics Displacement The effects from aerodynamic provement made in one area might The force on an object times The way the shape of an object The distance and the direction that designs on the underside of a Relative motion decrease effectiveness in another area. the distance through which the affects the flow of air over, around an object moves from the origin. racecar, which create a vacuum. The comparison of the movement object moves as the work is or under it. of one object with the movement Velocity converted to either potential Distance Inertia of another object. The speed of an object, including its energy or kinetic energy. Airfoil The change of position from one An object’s tendency to resist direction. Velocity = change in A wing-like device on a racecar point to another. any changes in motion. Roll bar distance over time, or v = Δ d/ Δ t. that creates downforce as the air A heavy metal tube or bar wrapped flows over it. Downforce Joule over the driver in racecars; the roll Venturi effect An aerodynamic force on a car The unit of measurement for bar prevents the roof from crushing The effect produced by narrowing Air resistance that pushes it downward, resulting energy; 1 joule = the driver during a rollover. a passage of air as the air travels, The force created by air when in better traction. 1 kilogram-meter2/second2. causing an increase in the speed of it pushes back against an object’s Safety features the air, a drop in pressure and a force motion; air resistance on a car is Electrical energy Kinetic energy In an automobile, things that in the direction of the air passage. also called drag. Energy derived from electricity. Energy of motion. Kinetic energy = make the car safer or that make ½ mass * velocity2, or KE = ½ m v2. racing safer. Artifact Force A man-made object representing Any push or pull. Mass a specific time or culture. The amount of matter in an object. Frame of reference Bernoulli’s principle The coordinate system for specifying Momentum Air moving faster over the longer the precise location of the point or The combined mass and velocity path on a wing causes a decrease in frame to which motion is compared. of an object. Momentum = pressure, resulting in a force in the mass * velocity, or p = m * v. direction of the decrease in pressure. Continued… 6 Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing | Teacher Guide thehenryford.org/education thehenryford.org/education Science, Life Skills and Innovations in American Automobile Racing | Teacher Guide 7 Unit Plan Time Line Important Events in American Automobile Racing Unit Plan Time Line Continued 1895 The Duryea brothers enter the first American auto race as a way of testing and advertising Racecars their car. from the Collections of The Henry Ford National Events World Events 1902 The first top speed runs are held on the 1901 Ford “Sweepstakes” – Henry Ford’s first beach at Daytona Beach, Florida. 1903 The Wright Brothers make their 1899 The Boer War begins in South Africa. racecar, which gives him publicity that first successful flight. 1910 The first high-banked wooden speedway is helps him gain financing for his company. 1909 Robert Peary and Matthew Henson reach built at Playa Del Rey in Southern California. 1906 San Francisco experiences the the North Pole. 1902 Ford “999” – Henry Ford’s second race car, 1911 The first Indianapolis 500 Race is held. great earthquake first driven by Barney Oldfield, which gains 1914 World War I begins in Europe. more positive publicity for Henry Ford. 1947 Bill France organizes mechanics and drivers 1917 The United States enters World War I. 1917 Lenin leads the Bolshevik revolution in into the National Association for Stock Car 1906 Locomobile “Old 16” Vanderbilt Cup racecar, 1919 The 19th Amendment gives women Russia, laying the groundwork for the Auto Racing, called NASCAR.
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