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Kepentingan Indonesia Dalam Dumai-Melaka Economic Corridor Multimoda Transport Project Melalui Kerja Sama Imt-Gt

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Kepentingan Indonesia Dalam Dumai-Melaka Economic Corridor Multimoda Transport Project Melalui Kerja Sama Imt-Gt KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA DALAM DUMAI-MELAKA ECONOMIC CORRIDOR MULTIMODA TRANSPORT PROJECT MELALUI KERJA SAMA IMT-GT Oleh: Muftita Irza Anantha Simbolon ([email protected]) Pembimbing: Dr. Yusnarida Eka Nizmi, S.IP., M.Si Bibliography : 12 Journals, 11 Books, 1 Thesis, 16 Official Prints , 22 Websites Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya, Jl. H.R. Soebrantas Km 12,5 Simp. Baru, Pekanbaru 28293 Telp/Fax. 0761-63277 Abstract Dumai is a border region closest to neighboring countries in mainland Asia which is separated by the Malacca Strait. The port infrastructure that will be built in Dumai and melaka will connect Indonesia with melaka and moreover with mainland Asia. Dumai port is also the port with the highest export value in Sumatra. This study aims to explain about the Interest of Indonesia in approving Dumai-Melaka Economic Corridor Multimoda Transport Project within IM-GT. The research method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative which uses secondary data such as books, journals, reports, and the others sources. The theory used in this research is new regionalism with the level of analysis is the nation state. The research shows the reasons of Indonesia approving te bulid infrastructure between Dumai and Melaka named Dumai-Melaka Economic Corridor Multimoda Transport Project within IM-GT due to several factors, both economic and political factors. The economic factor include the potential sectors of Dumai that will be developed by Indonesia. The political factor include the purpose of Indonesia to increase connectivity between Indonesia and Melaka in particular, and also with ASIA land. Keywords : Interest, Connectivity, IM-GT, infrastructure, Transportation, newregionalism JOM FISIP Vol. 7: Edisi I Januari – Juni 2020 Page 1 Pendahuluan kesepakatan-kesepakatan regional dengan Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan negara-negara tetangganya. Fenomena ini mengenai Kepentingan Indonesia dalam dikenal sebagai “growth triangle” dan Dumai-Melaka Economic Corridor “economic corridor” yang dapat Multimoda Transport Project melalui bermanfaat sebagai mekanisme untuk Kerja Sama IMT-GT. menstimulasi dan bersinergi dengan Fenomena globalisasi terjadi di ekonomi-ekonomi lokal yang ada.3 segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Globalisasi produksi dan Globalisasi meningkat drastis dalam percepatan integrasi ekonomi regional di kurun waktu 30 tahun terakhir dan terus Asia telah meningkatkan kepentingan berkembang hingga saat ini. Salah satu strategis kerja sama sebagai sarana untuk aspek kehidupan yang mendapat meningkatkan upaya pembangunan pengaruh globalisasi yang paling kuat nasional terutama di wilayah peratasan. adalah aspek ekonomi.1 Interaksi Negara- Salah satu kerja sama dalam bentuk Negara sekawasan menjadi suatu Growth Triangle adalah kerja sama IMT- dinamika dalam globalisasi. Semua GT (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand negara berusaha menghapus hambatan Growth Triangle). Kerja sama IMT-GT perdagangan terkait arus modal, barang, berdiri sejak Pertemuan Tingkat Menteri dan jasa. Mereka berusaha (PTM) pertama di Langkawi, Malaysia, menghilangkan diskriminasi, menyatukan pada 20 Juli 1993.4 Tujuan umum kebijakan terkait berbagai instrumen, kerjasamaini adalah untuk mempercepat seperti bea masuk, pajak, mata uang, transformasi ekonomi negara-negara undang undang, standarisasi dan lain anggota dan provinsi-provinsi di tiga lain.2 negara anggota dengan memanfaatkan Berakhirnya Perang Dingin keunggulan komplementer dan mengurangi ketegangan yang ada antara keunggulan komparatif. Kerja sama ini negara-negara Asia dan konsekuensinya mencakup 32 (tiga puluh dua) provinsi membawa wilayah tersebut kedalam yang tersebar di tiga negara anggota, di proses globalisasi dan meningkatnya Indonesia meliputi 10 (sepuluh) provinsi, integrasi vertikal. Kompetisi yang terjadi yaitu Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, memangkas batasan-batasan nasional dan Sumatera Utara, Sumatera5 Barat, Riau, sektoral dan berkembang menjadi global. Kepulauan Riau, Sumatera Selatan, Bersamaan dengan kebijakan-kebijakan industrial domestik, negara-negara 3 tersebut juga konsen mempromosikan Yusnarida Eka Nizmi dan Yanya Mochamad Yani, Penerapan Konsep Cross Border Regions (CBRs) Dalam Kerja sama 1David Dollar, Globalization, Poverty Ekonomi Sub-regional Indonesia-Malaysia- and Inequality since 1980 ( Cambridge: Polity, Singapura Growth Triangle (IMS-GT), Insignia 2007), hlm. 73-103. Journal of International Relation Vol.5, No.1, 2 Ferdiansyah dan Se Tin dan Anthonius, April 2018, 31-45 Globalisasi Ekonomi, Integrasi Ekonomi Global, 4 Ibid. Dinamika Pasar Modal & Kebutuhan Standar 5Asia Development Bank, REGIONAL Akuntansi Internasional, Jurnal Akuntansi Vol.8 AND SUBREGIONAL PROGRAM LINKS, Asia No.1 Mei 2016, hlm 119 – 120. Development Bank, Philippines, 2013, hlm 4 JOM FISIP Vol. 7: Edisi I Januari – Juni 2020 Page 2 Jambi, Bengkulu, Bangka-Belitung, dan Economic Corridor Multimoda Transport Lampung; di Malaysia meliputi 8 negara Project melalui kerja sama IMT-GT, bagian utara Semenanjung Malaysia yaitu penulis menggunakan tingkat analisa Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri perilaku Negara Bangsa. Tingkat analisa Sembilan, Penang, Perak, Perlis, dan ini mempunyai asumsi bahwa Hubungan Selangor; dan 14 provinsi di Thailand Internasional pada dasarnya didominasi selatan yaitu Krabi, Nakhon Si oleh perilaku negara-bangsa karena focus Thammarat, Narathiwat, Pattani, pada pembuatan keputusan tentang Phattalung, Satun, Songkhla, Trang, Yala, hubugan internasional, yaitu politik luar Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phang negeri, oleh suatu negara bangsa sebagai Nga, dan Phuket.6 suatu kesatuan yang utuh. Asumsi merupakan semua pembuat keputusan Gambar Wilayah Kerja Sma IMT- GT berprilaku sama sehingga analisa harus ditekankan pada perilaku negara bangsa. Dalam Penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teori Regionaisme Baru sebagai dasar dari penelitian ini. Menurut Louis Fawcett terdapat beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap berkembangnya Regionalisme Baru, yaitu dengan berakhirnya Perang Dingin maka menciptakan kerja sama internasional dan menggalakkan kerja sama regional.7 Perubahan ekonomi yang terjadi pada pasca Perang Dingin telah menjadi penggerak bagi munculnya kekuatan- kekuatan ekonomi baru pada beberapa kawasan. Transformasi ekonomi di perbatasan-perbatasan sebagaimana adanya upaya umum untuk mengintegrasi kembali ekonomi-ekonomi paska sosialis masuk pada pasar dunia kapitalis. Kerjasama lintas batas adalah sebuah strategi yang menjanjikan untuk Sumber : IMT-GT, Implementation Blue mengeksploitasi peluang-peluang dalam Print 2012 2016 wilayah-wilayah perbatasan yang secara relatif tidak dapat disentuh oleh Kerangka Teori Untuk menjelaskan kepentingan Indonesia dalam Dumai-Melaka 7Louise Fawcett, Regionalism from an Historical Perspective, Global Politics of Regionalism: The Theory and Practice, by Marry 6IMT-GT, Implementation Blue Print Farell, Bjorn Hettne, Luk Van Langenhove. 2012 2016 (London: Ploto Press, 2005) JOM FISIP Vol. 7: Edisi I Januari – Juni 2020 Page 3 kapitalisme. Dalam kasus-kasus yang dibentuk untuk pendorong pembangunan umum, inisiatif diambil oleh otoritas lokal ekonomi bagi masing-masing Negara. dan regional dalam rangka Joakim O jendal menunjukkan bahwa mengupayakan terbentuknya jejaring strategi segitiga pertumbuhan telah dengan arena global atau untuk dideskripsikan dalam banyak cara dalam memobilisasi sumber daya-sumber daya literatur - misalnya, sebagai respons yang ditawarkan oleh badan-badan terhadap transformasi politik global, supranasional dan internasional dalam sebagai pelengkap integrasi ekonomi rangka pertukaran kerjasama dengan makroregional, seperti membuka jalan pihak-pihak yang berlokasi di wilayah- bagi makroregionalisme, dan sebagai wilayah yang berdekatan.8 sarana untuk mencapai integrasi regional Dilihat dari sisi tingkat sambil menghindari penciptaan birokrasi regionalisme, Hettne melihat bahwa politik makroregional yang memakan berdasar literatur yang berkembang pada waktu.10 masa pasca-Perang Dingin yang membagi Joakim Öjendal berpendapat tingkat regionalisme ke dalam dua jenis, bahwa Segitiga pertumbuhan merupakan yaitu microregion dan macroregion. salah satu bentuk paling penting dari Macroregion adalah regionalisme tingkat microregionalism di Asia Tenggara, yang tinggi seperti interregionalism dan sering dianggap sebagai kekuatan transregionalism yang berupa hubungan pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi.11 antar regionalisme. Macroregion dapat Kerja sama IMT-GT merupakan dilihat dari pembentukan salah satu bentuk Growth Triangle di interregionalism oleh negara-negara EU Asia. Kerja sama ini berperan penting sebagai konsekuensi kebijakan EU untuk dalam mewujudkan sasaran dari menciptakan dan menghubungkan Komunitas ASEAN, khususnya dalam berbagai kawasan sebagai preferred menciptakan kesejahteraan di wilayah counterparts dalam sistem internasional.9 IMT-GT. Menteri Koordinator Bidang Microregion merupakan Perekonomian Darmin Nasution regionalisme tingkat rendah yang berupa mengatakan IMT-GT tidak hanya sekedar kawasan subnasional. Microregion dapat sebagai kerja sama ekonomi tiga negara dilihat dari triangles di Asia dengan namun juga sebagai satu kawasan menghubungkan sebagian dari provinsi- ekonomi terpadu. Semua komitmen dan provinsi yang ada di Negara Indonesia, kerja sama yang telah terjalin selama ini Malaysia dan Thailad yang saling diharapkan dapat mendukung integrasi berbatasan laut maupun darat yang pertumbuhan antar tiga negara ini 12 terutama di wilayah perbatasan.
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