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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE MINAS GERAIS Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Administração PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE MINAS GERAIS Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração Viviane Tompe Souza Mayrink VIGIAR E ORAR: a Gestão de Pessoas Presas na APAC à luz da Genealogia de Foucault Belo Horizonte 2018 Viviane Tompe Souza Mayrink VIGIAR E ORAR: a Gestão de Pessoas Presas na APAC à luz da Genealogia de Foucault Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Pontifícia Universidade de Minas Gerais – PUC Minas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Administração. Orientador: Professor Doutor Roberto Patrus Área de concentração: Gestão de Pessoas Belo Horizonte 2018 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Elaborada pela Biblioteca da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Mayrink, Viviane Tompe Souza M474v Vigiar e orar: a gestão de pessoas presas na APAC à luz da genealogia de Foucault / Viviane Tompe Souza Mayrink. Belo Horizonte, 2018. 296 f. : il. Orientador: Roberto Patrus Mundim Pena Tese (Doutorado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração 1. Prisão - Aspectos sociais. 2. Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados (MG). 3. Genealogia. 4. Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984 - Crítica e interpretação. 5. Punição. I. Pena, Roberto Patrus Mundim. II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. III. Título. CDU: 343.26 Ficha catalográfica elaborada por Rosane Alves Martins da Silva – CRB 6/2971 Viviane Tompe Souza Mayrink VIGIAR E ORAR: a Gestão de Pessoas Presas na APAC à luz da Genealogia de Foucault Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Pontifícia Universidade de Minas Gerais – PUC Minas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Administração. ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Roberto Patrus – PUC Minas (Orientador) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Antônio Moreira de Carvalho Neto – PUC Minas (Banca Examinadora) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alexandre de Pádua Carrieri – UFMG (Banca Examinadora) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rafael Alcadipani da Silveira – FGV EAESP (Banca Examinadora) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rafael Diogo Pereira – UFMG (Banca Examinadora) Belo Horizonte, 20 de fevereiro de 2018. Este trabalho é dedicado à criança que habita em mim. AGRADECIMENTOS Aos obstáculos, percalços e a toda sorte de desafios pessoais e profissionais enfrentados ao longo dos anos de Doutorado, especialmente em 2016 e 2017, pois me fizeram mais forte do que nunca fui. À minha família, em especial à minha mãe – grande guerreira sábia – e à minha filha Anna Vitória. Aos amigos que em muitos momentos seguraram minhas mãos nesta caminhada. Meu sincero reconhecimento ao meu orientador, Professor Patrus, que soube me incentivar, me motivar e me criticar. Obrigada por todas as oportunidades e por suas brilhantes intervenções, perguntas e questionamentos. Ao Professor Dr. Iván Darío Toro Jaramillo e à equipe de pesquisadores da Universidad de Medellín, pelo carinho e atenção que me foram dispensados durante minha permanência na Colômbia. Aos professores do PPGA – PUC Minas, pelos ensinamentos. Aos dirigentes e funcionários da unidade APAC – Sete Lagoas, por viabilizarem a pesquisa de campo. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), pelo apoio financeiro ao longo do curso de Doutorado. Por fim, de maneira especial aos protagonistas deste trabalho: todos os internos recuperandos da APAC - Sete Lagoas que, de forma sincera e cristalina, colaboraram com sua fala para a consolidação da pesquisa. “Vigiai e orai, para não cairdes em tentação. O espírito, com certeza, está preparado, mas a carne é fraca.” Bíblia Sagrada, Mt. 26,41 RESUMO Neste trabalho, busquei analisar como se dão as práticas de Gestão de Pessoas Presas no sistema APAC, cujo índice de reincidência é identificado como o mais baixo do Brasil. Para tanto, realizei uma análise genealógica, a partir do modelo epistemológico proposto por Michel Foucault. Utilizei as observações efetuadas na unidade APAC de Sete Lagoas - Minas Gerais, além das entrevistas realizadas com os recuperandos que lá cumprem pena de prisão, para identificar possíveis fatores de diferenciação presentes na metodologia APAC que pudessem distanciá-la das características essenciais de uma prisão, conforme delineados por Michel Foucault em Vigiar e Punir. Nesse sentido, procurei identificar as principais características da Gestão de Pessoas Presas na APAC. Abordei o panoptismo, a vigilância, a disciplina e o poder pastoral, à luz da metodologia APAC para a Gestão de Pessoas Presas. Pude verificar que a vigilância e a disciplina, assim como o panoptismo, estão presentes na Gestão de Pessoas Presas na APAC, porém com outros contornos. Mediante a atuação do Conselho de Sinceridade e Solidariedade (CSS), da religião, da regulação exaustiva do tempo, das atividades, dos modos de vida e dos hábitos, concluí que as relações de poder acabaram por criar uma nova subjetividade: o Homem APAC. Na realidade consubstanciada na metodologia APAC, identifiquei uma forma diferenciada de vigilância: o “pan-otismo”. Nesta mesma realidade, verifiquei a presença do poder pastoral atuando continuamente para a manutenção da disciplina e para a facilitação da fala e da escuta, que acabam por fazer com que a vigilância opere também pela confissão sincera da não observância de regras internas. Em suma, a partir dos conceitos de relações de poder, poder pastoral, disciplina, vigilância e sujeito, identifiquei o modelo APAC como efeito criativo do poder, que gerou uma neo-prisão. Palavras-chave: Neo-prisão. APAC. Gestão de Pessoas Presas. Genealogia. Foucault. ABSTRACT In this academic work, I have tried to analyze how the practices of Management of Imprisoned People in the APAC system where recurrence rate is the lowest one in Brazil. Thus, I performed a genealogical analysis based on the epistemological model proposed by Michel Foucault. I used the observations made at the APAC unit of Sete Lagoas- Minas Gerais, as well as the interviews with the inmates who save prison time there. The main objective was to identify possible differentiation factors present in the APAC methodology that could distract it from the essential characteristics of a prison, as outlined by Michel Foucault in Discipline and punish. In this sense, I sought to identify the main characteristics of the Management of Prisoners in APAC. I mentioned panoptism, vigilance, discipline and pastoral power, in the light of the APAC methodology for the Management of Prisoners. I was able to verify that surveillance and discipline, as well as panoptism, are present in the Management of Prisoners in APAC, but with other characteristics. Through the work of the Council of Sincerity and Solidarity (CSS), religious practice, the exhaustive regulation of time, activities, ways of living and habits, I concluded that power relations had created a new subjectivity: the Man of APAC. In fact, based on the APAC´s methodology, I identified a different form of surveillance: the “pan-otismo”. In this same reality, I have identified the presence of the pastoral power that was continually working for the maintenance of discipline and for the facilitation of speech and listening, which end up causing vigilance to also operate through the sincere confession of non-observance of internal rules. In summary, from the concepts of relations of power, pastoral power, discipline, vigilance and subject, I recognized the APAC model as the creative effect of power, which generated a new kind of imprisonment. Key words: Neoimprisonment. APAC. Management of Prisoners. Genealogy. Foucault. RESUMEN En este trabajo, traté de analizar cómo resultan las prácticas de Gestión de Personas Presas en el sistema APAC, cuyo índice de reincidencia es identificado como el más bajo en Brasil. Para ello, realizé un análisis genealógico, a partir del modelo epistemológico propuesto por Michel Foucault. Fueron utilizadas las observaciones hechas en la Unidad APAC de la ciudad de Sete Lagoas, además de las entrevistas hechas con las personas que cumplen pena de prisión para identificar posibles factores de diferenciación presentes en la metodología APAC que pudieran distanciarla de las características comunes de una prisión, conforme presentado por Michel Foucault en Vigilar y castigar. En este sentido, busqué identificar las principales características de la Gestión de Personas Presas en la APAC. Abordé el panoptismo, la vigilancia, la disciplina y el poder pastoral, a la luz de la metodología APAC para la gestión de las personas presas. Pude verificar que la vigilancia y la disciplina, así como el panoptismo están presentes en la Gestión de Personas Presas en la APAC, pero con otros rasgos. Por medio de la actuación del Consejo de Sinceridad y Solidaridad (CSS), de la religión, del regulaje exhaustivo del tiempo, de las actividades, de los modos de vida y de los hábitos, llegué a la conclusión de que las relaciones de poder llevaron a la creación de una nueva subjetividad: el Hombre APAC. En la realidad establecida por la metodología APAC, identifiqué una forma distinta de vigilancia: el "pan-otismo". En esta misma realidad, comprobé la presencia del poder pastoral actuando continuamente para el mantenimiento
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