The Colonial Moment the Making of French Indochina, –
The Colonial Moment The Making of French Indochina, – Yes, no matter what happens, a Eu ro pe an nation will enter Annam in order to take on a controlling influence there.... It will not last, I am sure of that, but it is necessary to go through it: Annam cannot escape this fate. —paul bert, resident general of France in Annam and Tonkin, letter to the Catholic scholar Truong Vinh Ky [Petrus Ky], June , Indochina, a marginal region that was nevertheless central to the French empire, emerged in the midst of war, following a series of military expeditions that did not fulfill their ultimate goals and whose outcome long remained undecided. There were two major periods of conflict, separated by fifteen years of peace. Between and , the lower basin of the Mekong River, the southern provinces of Dai Nam—present- day Vietnam— and the kingdom of Cambodia came under the con- trol of France. Between and , the colonial undertakings in Indochina stag- nated, with a failed attempt in to occupy the northern part of Vietnam. From to , the expansion resumed with vigor: northern and central Dai Nam and the Lao states became protectorates of France (map .), while a sphere of French influence was established in the southern Chinese provinces, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong. The unequal modern colonial relationship between the crises and the dynamism of a dominating industrialized society and subjected cultures and societies was thus regionally established. The same pro cess led the latter to be forcibly inserted, as a dependent entity, into a world system whose construction at the hands of the great Western capitalisms was nearly complete.
[Show full text]