E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 105 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 144 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1998 No. 20 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE $2,000 to $7,000 annually. It would also called to order by the Speaker pro tem- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the increase the salary threshold from to- pore (Mr. PEASE). gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. day’s level to $110,000, including all f SAXTON) come forward and lead the Members of the middle class. It would House in the Pledge of Allegiance. also permit withdrawals for a number DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER Mr. SAXTON led the Pledge of Alle- of purposes, including medical expenses PRO TEMPORE giance as follows: and education costs, in addition to those already permitted. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the fore the House the following commu- United States of America, and to the Repub- This is a good bill. I urge all my col- nication from the Speaker: lic for which it stands, one nation under God, leagues to become cosponsors. WASHINGTON, DC, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. March 4, 1998. f f I hereby designate the Honorable EDWARD MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT A. PEASE to act as Speaker pro tempore on DEMOCRATS WANT TO IMPROVE this day. A message in writing from the Presi- PUBLIC SCHOOLS NEWT GINGRICH, dent of the United States was commu- Speaker of the House of Representatives. nicated to the House by Mr. Sherman (Mr. PALLONE asked and was given f Williams, one of his secretaries. permission to address the House for 1 minute.) f PRAYER Mr. PALLONE. Mr. Speaker, the The Chaplain, Reverend James David ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER Democratic leadership in the House Ford, D.D., offered the following pray- PRO TEMPORE and Senate are unveiling the details of er: The SPEAKER pro tempore. The legislation today to improve America’s We are grateful, O God, that in a Chair will entertain 15 one-minute public schools. Our plans are in marked world that often is marked by perplex- speeches on each side. contrast to the Republican leadership ity and confusion, there are proud mo- that continues to stress tuition vouch- f ments of renewal that encourage us in ers and other efforts that will provide the depths of our souls and help us to IRA PLAN TO ENTER SOCIAL less funding for public schools. Last see a brighter and more noble future. SECURITY SWEEPSTAKES session the Republicans went so far as Whenever we anticipate new ideas, new to advocate abolishing the Department (Mr. SAXTON asked and was given responsibilities, new aspirations or am- of Education. permission to address the House for 1 bitions, our hearts and minds, our very minute and to revise and extend his re- Democrats want to give America’s beings can be invigorated and sus- marks.) towns and cities the ability to reduce tained by the opportunities before us. Mr. SAXTON. Mr. Speaker, on Feb- class size through hiring an additional Of all your gifts, gracious God, for ruary 27, 1997, I introduced with Major- 100,000 new qualified teachers. Reduc- which we give boundless thanks, it is ing class size is the best way to raise ity Leader ARMEY a bill to expand the for the gift of life with all its wonder IRA system. student achievement, and smaller and all its glory. Make us conscious of In today’s Congressional Daily, the classes also provide for better dis- this very special gift so that we will headline is ‘‘Kasich Enters IRA plan cipline. lead lives of gratitude and of praise. into Social Security Sweepstakes.’’ Democrats also want to address the This is our earnest prayer. Amen. This is good news. It goes on to say need for renovations to school build- f House Budget Chairman KASICH today ings and new construction. We will pro- floated a plan to use part of the wind- vide tax incentives to help States and THE JOURNAL fall, meaning the surplus in our budget, local districts accelerate the pace of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The to establish a government system of in- new construction and renovation. Chair has examined the Journal of the dividual retirement accounts. This is Mr. Speaker, Republicans do not be- last day’s proceedings and announces good news. lieve in public education. The Demo- to the House his approval thereof. H.R. 891 would increase the amount crats, on the other hand, want the Fed- Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- that one could contribute over a period eral Government to improve America’s nal stands approved. of years from today’s maximum of public schools.

b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

H759 H760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 TAX CODE NEEDS OVERHAUL MARRIAGE TAX ELIMINATION ACT statement has caused me a great con- (Mr. GIBBONS asked and was given (Mr. WELLER asked and was given cern, especially since I do not know permission to address the House for 1 permission to address the House for 1 how much longer American families minute and to revise and extend his re- minute and to revise and extend his re- and businesses can afford to shoulder marks.) marks.) the tremendous tax burden they are Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. WELLER. Mr. Speaker, today I currently facing. Taxes are simply too President referred to the proposed rise to ask the question of why should high, and the Internal Revenue Code is overhaul of the Tax Code as irrespon- we pass the Marriage Tax Elimination too lengthy and too complicated. sible. He went on to say that the Re- Act. I think it is best explained with a Polls prove that a fairer, simpler tax publican effort to reform the Nation’s series of questions. system is what the American people current income tax code would be sim- Do Americans feel that it is fair that want. I know from speaking to the peo- ply reckless for the economy and fami- a working married couple pays higher ple in my district that it is not only lies. taxes just because they are married? what they want, it is what they need. I Mr. President, I respectfully dis- Do Americans feel that it is fair that 21 urge the President to join those of us agree. In my opinion, it would be irre- million married working couples pay who are working to give the American sponsible for Congress not to overhaul an average of $1,400 more than an iden- people the tax relief they deserve, want this Tax Code. It would be irresponsible tical working couple living together and need. It is past time for a fairer, for this Congress to allow such an in- outside of marriage? Do Americans feel simpler tax system in this country. equitable, punitive Tax Code to con- that it is right that our Tax Code actu- f tinue to stifle the economic growth in ally provides them an incentive to get SELF-DETERMINATION FOR this country. Mr. President, I feel it is divorced? PUERTO RICO irresponsible for you and your adminis- Twenty-one million married working (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ asked and was tration to blatantly stump for the sta- couples pay on the average of $1,400 given permission to address the House tus quo when the status quo represents more in taxes just because they are for 1 minute.) a tax collection agency that is abusive married. In the south suburbs of Chi- Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, to innocent working men and women, cago, that is 1 year’s tuition at a com- today is a very important day for the intrusive into the lives of each and munity college. That is 3 months worth people of Puerto Rico, but it is a more every taxpayer, and callous to every of day care. important day for the democratic proc- American citizen. The Marriage Tax Elimination Act ess. This afternoon the House of Rep- Although it is not clear at this point now has 238 bipartisan cosponsors. It resentatives will debate H.R. 856, the which type of alternative tax system would immediately eliminate the mar- United States-Puerto Rico Self-Deter- would be best for this country, what is riage tax penalty. The marriage tax mination Act. This bill sets up a plebi- clear, however, is that the current tax penalty is unfair and it is wrong. Let scite that will determine the future system is broken and must undergo a us eliminate the marriage tax penalty status of Puerto Rico. complete overhaul. Mr. President, the and do it now. The American people should know only irresponsible action is your sup- f port for an unconscionable, unfair and that this bill was designed to guaran- defective tax system. ON THE CUTTING EDGE IN tee statehood for Puerto Rico because f DEALING WITH RAPISTS it was written by the party that sup- ports statehood. I will say this again. If ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER (Mr. TRAFICANT asked and was H.R. 856 becomes law, Puerto Rico will PRO TEMPORE given permission to address the House be the 51st State, whether or not the for 1 minute and to revise and extend The SPEAKER pro tempore. Mem- people of Puerto Rico want it to be. his remarks.) bers are reminded that they are to ad- H.R. 856 is not the result of a demo- Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, the dress their remarks to the Chair and cratic process. By defeating this bill, Oklahoma Senate passed a bill to allow not to other government officials. we will be sending a message that we castration of convicted rapists. That is f truly honor the idea of self-determina- right. Castration. Opponents say it is tion for the people of Puerto Rico. I PUBLIC EDUCATION PROVIDES cruel. Victims say it is about time. I urge my colleagues not to be fooled by OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FUTURE say hats off, and anything else off, to the arguments of the other side. A vote (Mr. GREEN asked and was given the Oklahoma Senate. Maybe, just for H.R. 856 is a vote for statehood, not permission to address the House for 1 maybe, Mr. Speaker, rapists will not a vote for self-determination. minute and to revise and extend his re- only think twice, they will start think- f marks.) ing 3 and 4 times before they brutalize Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, America our constituents. BUDGET SURPLUS has a deep and strong commitment to I also would like to say that no mat- (Mr. WELDON of Florida asked and public education. Education is a need ter how you slice this, Mr. Speaker, was given permission to address the for all Americans. Public education Oklahoma is on the cutting edge when House for 1 minute and to revise and needs to be available for all Americans, it comes to dealing with rapists. For extend his remarks.) not just a select few. In America we try those who say, ‘‘How do you really feel, Mr. WELDON of Florida. Mr. Speak- to provide education for everyone. Jim?’’ I recommend that Oklahoma go er, the Congressional Budget Office, Vouchers take away valuable re- a step further. Put it into law, then known in Washington as the CBO, an- sources from public education and pro- hire Lorena Bobbitt to administer the nounced yesterday that the Federal vide it only to that select few. This program. budget is expected to have a surplus of program is not about school choice. It I yield back whatever might be left $8 billion this year. That will be the is about destroying the public edu- after Oklahoma is done with rapists. first time in Washington there has cation system and leaving the majority f been a balanced budget since 1969, 29 of America’s youth without a choice years ago. and without a good education. AMERICANS WANT FAIRER, Now, of course the liberals will be Today we have a fine group of young SIMPLER TAX SYSTEM happy to have a surplus because they Texans from El Paso who attend public (Mr. JONES asked and was given per- want to take that money and spend it schools, who are here with us in Wash- mission to address the House for 1 on new programs and bigger social pro- ington. Public education provides an minute.) grams from Washington, D.C. Conserv- opportunity for their future. It pro- Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, on Monday atives will be happy because they want vides opportunity to many families not the President indicated that he will to pass more tax cuts so that the mid- only in my own district but throughout not support efforts to sunset the Inter- dle class can keep more of their money. our Nation who choose public edu- nal Revenue Code and to replace it Demagogues will be happiest of all, cation. with a fairer, simpler tax system. His because they can tell more lies about March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H761 protecting Social Security, knowing and the results vary by thousands of toum Government forces, who force full well that Social Security is a pay- dollars. That is irresponsible. conversion to extremist Islam in ex- as-you-go system with the money I am proud to be a cosponsor of legis- change for food. going out as fast as it comes in. They lation to sunset the Internal Revenue On May 23, 1997, Northern authorities are counting on the fact that most peo- Code. There is nothing radical about detained and imprisoned Mr. Faisal ple will have no idea exactly how a accountability from a government Abadallh, a Sudanese Christian accused pay-as-you-go system works. agency or working towards a fairer, of evangelism. In January of 1998, au- But American taxpayers should be flatter Tax Code. If you want a true thorities charged Mr. Abadallh with 12 the happiest of all, because a balanced definition of irresponsibility, look at offenses, three of which could lead to budget means lower interest rates, our current Tax Code. Maintaining the the death penalty. which means people can buy houses status quo is the most irresponsible Mr. Speaker, the President acted more easily, and cars. It is a good day thing that we could do to our Nation wisely in imposing sanctions on Sudan for the American people. and to our future. in 1997. However, we must not leave the f f issue at that point. It is outrageous that this terrible suffering continues. WELCOME TO THE LAMP-LIGHT- REFORM THE IRS Our Nation should continue to speak ERS, EL PASO SINGING GROUP (Mr. ETHERIDGE asked and was out. (Mr. REYES asked and was given per- given permission to address the House f for 1 minute and to revise and extend mission to address the House for 1 SUPPORT THE SCHOOL minute.) his remarks.) Mr. ETHERIDGE. Mr. Speaker, this INFRASTRUCTURE BILL Mr. REYES. Mr. Speaker, this morn- House must reform the IRS. The out- (Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas asked ing I stand here proudly and would like rageous recently released GAO report and was given permission to address to welcome a group of young people documents that the IRS unfairly sin- the House for 1 minute and to revise from El Paso, Texas. This is a group of gles out taxpayers in the South for and extend her remarks.) singers that is called the Lamplighters, random audits. The GAO reports that Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. that sings a positive message about 47 percent of the random tax audits Speaker, it is appropriate this morning life. during the past 3 years were in 11 that we had in our chamber students This group was formed in 1987 at Hen- Southern states that represent only 29 from El Paso, Texas, the Lamplighters, derson middle school through the vi- percent of the population. More than 85 formed from Henderson Middle School, sion of Mr. Jim Marshall and the sup- percent of those audits had incomes of the constituents of my colleague from port of the principal, Mr. Ralph Chavis. less than $25,000, many of whom depend Texas, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. The Lamplighters are a group that is upon the Earned Income Tax Credit for REYES), because today is an important made up of 40 middle school students our working poor. day for Americans. We heard just re- ages 11 to 15, and they are sitting in Why should an individual be three cently a disturbing study about the im- the gallery to my left. They are here times more likely to be audited in balance of the performance of our stu- getting a firsthand look at democracy North Carolina than in the State of dents in America in math and science. in action. Massachusetts? North Carolinians are Well, today we stand on the side of our The Lamplighters sing a collection of honest people. Why should they be sub- students and on the side of learning by 25 songs that include themes such as jected to this kind of treatment? As a offering to the American people a biculturalism, success, friendship, former small businessman and a South- school infrastructure bill that will search for the truth, believing in them- ern taxpayer, I am outraged at this re- begin to go throughout this Nation and selves and understanding God. Their port and call for immediate action to fix the leaking roofs, the falling roofs, mission is to light up life with positive reform the IRS. the expanded crowdedness that we have themes through song, a goal they al- Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to join my in our school districts across the Na- ways accomplish with every perform- colleagues on the Democratic side and tion. ance, such as this morning performing those on the Republican side in passing The school infrastructure bill that for the Texas delegation. IRS reform last year. The findings of the Democrats will be offering today b 1015 that report provide some clear exam- will say once and for all that we want ples of why our esteemed colleagues in our children in America to learn in safe Today I welcome the Lamplighters to the other body should quit dragging and secure conditions. Then we will Washington, D.C., where I am pleased their feet and join the House in passing add another 100,000 teachers to our they are here, and I know that they reform. communities, 100,000 trained individ- will experience firsthand and appre- f uals committed to teaching our chil- ciate the excitement of democracy in dren, committed to preparing them for action. Welcome. HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES CONTINUE IN SUDAN the 21st century. f I ask my colleagues in this body to (Mr. PITTS asked and was given per- SUNSET THE CURRENT TAX CODE support this legislation and stand on mission to address the House for 1 the side of our children. (Mr. THUNE asked and was given minute and to revise and extend his re- f permission to address the House for 1 marks.) minute and to revise and extend his re- Mr. PITTS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today LIBERALS OPPOSE TAX REFORM marks.) to speak to the massive human rights (Ms. PRYCE of Ohio asked and was Mr. THUNE. Mr. Speaker, I was dis- abuses occurring in Sudan. The Khar- given permission to address the House appointed this week to hear the Presi- toum Government, the National Is- for 1 minute and to revise and extend dent label Republican efforts to sunset lamic Front, is waging a war on the her remarks.) the Internal Revenue Code as irrespon- Christian and Animist South. The Ms. PRYCE of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, sible. I want to tell you my definition Northern army has committed horrify- what does a liberal do when confronted of irresponsible. Last year only one in ing atrocities against individuals and with a tax cut? He opposes it. He con- five calls to the IRS customer hotline communities, including moderate Mus- demns it. He becomes outraged at the got through. That is irresponsible. lims who do not adhere to the Khar- very idea that Washington could get The IRS sends out 8 million pages of toum agenda. Women and children are along with a little less and a family forms and instructions each year, sold into slavery. Young boys are con- could do with a little more. enough to circle the Earth 28 times. scripted to combat their own villages. I opened up the Washington Post to That is irresponsible. Pastors often are thrown into wells, find the headline, President Bashes Every year, Money Magazine asks 50 doused with oil, and lit on fire to burn GOP Tax Plan. Then turning to the different tax preparers to prepare a 1040 to their death. New York Times, I find this headline: form for a sample family. No two pre- Much of the humanitarian aid in Clinton Attacks GOP Tax Overhaul parers ever arrive at the same answer, Sudan is distributed through Khar- Plan. H762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 It appears that the days of working stop borrowing from the Social Secu- Where are all those Democrats who on a bipartisan basis with the Repub- rity Trust Fund and stop borrowing said that the Contract with America lican Congress are over. Liberals are from the Highway Trust Fund. Pay all was going to be an economic disaster, upset. In fact, they are mad at the the bills and be truthful with the who fought tax cuts for the middle President for finally helping to pass a American people, and treat the trust class? The proof is that the budget is tax cut for middle-class families last funds like they are truly trust funds. balanced, it worked, and I hope next year. So the liberals will not let the f time they do not fight us. President continue down the road of TARGETED TAX CUTS NEEDED f tax relief, IRS reform, and overhaul of the Tax Code. (Mr. MORAN of Virginia asked and IMPROVING AMERICA’S PUBLIC I guess the New Democrats at the was given permission to address the SCHOOLS House for 1 minute and to revise and White House are no longer calling the (Ms. DELAURO asked and was given extend his remarks.) shots these days. It is too bad. The permission to address the House for 1 Mr. MORAN of Virginia. Mr. Speak- American people want tax reform. minute and to revise and extend her re- er, I came to the well because I have f marks.) heard one speaker after another from Ms. DELAURO. Mr. Speaker, last IMPROVING EDUCATION the other side suggest that the Presi- week the Washington Post reported (Ms. HOOLEY of Oregon asked and dent came out against tax cuts and some grim news: The scores of Ameri- was given permission to address the that the natural reaction of the Demo- cans high school seniors ranked near House for 1 minute and to revise and cratic Party is to be opposed to tax the bottom in a rigorous new inter- extend her remarks.) cuts. national exam in math and science. Ms. HOOLEY of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, I would remind my colleagues that in This is unacceptable. Our schools sometimes standing on the floor of the fact the President has proposed a num- clearly need help, and this body needs House of Representatives is like stand- ber of tax cuts, and that in fact a ma- to get moving. Democrats are eager to ing in an echo chamber. As soon as one jority of the Democrats voted for tax get to work to reduce our class sizes, to member says they want to do some- cuts as part of the balanced budget repair crumbling schools, to put com- thing to help rebuild our public schools agreement. What we are opposed to is puters in classrooms and to provide an and provide a better education for our eliminating the Tax Code, as the other atmosphere in which our children can children, everybody starts saying it. side has proposed, without anything to learn. Well, Mr. Speaker, it is time to stop replace it. That could wreak havoc on But my Republican colleagues, what talking about it and to start doing our economy. they want to do is they want to throw something about it. That is why we Imagine when banks and the real es- out public education, to end public edu- have introduced legislation that would tate community have to determine cation as we know it. What they want reduce class sizes by hiring an addi- what would be the real cost of homes, to do is one more time make education tional 100,000 qualified teachers, and for example, if you did not have a the purview of the rich and of the legislation that would give states and mortgage interest deduction, or any wealthy. They also want to have tax local school districts help with new number of other assets if you did not cuts, tax cuts for the wealthiest Ameri- school construction and new renova- have depreciation expenses. cans, one more time. tion. We are in favor of tax cuts, but tar- Let us put our kids first, and not I believe these bills are a great op- geted tax cuts; tax cuts for families last. Education should be our top prior- portunity for every legislator who says who are finding it difficult to afford ity, public education, the great equal- they care about education to follow up child care expenses, or higher edu- izer, which has allowed all of us to be their words with actions. If Members cation expenses. Targeted tax cuts is able to live up to and work to our po- are serious about making improve- what we need, not irresponsible elimi- tential, no matter where we are on the ments in our education system, I urge nation of the Tax Code. socioeconomic scale. Let us get to them to cosponsor these bills. f work on education. Let us improve f CONTRACT WITH AMERICA A America’s public schools. BEING TRUTHFUL ABOUT THE SUCCESS f BALANCED BUDGET (Mr. KINGSTON asked and was given (Mr. BLUNT asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 MAKING AMERICAN EDUCATION permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his re- THE ENVY OF THE WORLD minute and to revise and extend his re- marks.) (Mr. ARMEY asked and was given marks.) Mr. KINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, in 1994, permission to address the House for 1 Mr. BLUNT. Mr. Speaker, we did get along the campaign trail, Republicans minute and to revise and extend his re- good news yesterday, and that good said that if the Republican Party be- marks.) news was that for the first time in 30 came the majority, that we would pass Mr. ARMEY. Mr. Speaker, I do not years, the Federal Government is a legislative agenda called the Con- think there is any disagreement in about to pay its bills. For the first tract with America within the first 100 America that perhaps the most sacred time in 30 years, we are about to run a days of the 1995 session. responsibility we have is the education surplus, not a deficit. Washington pundits and the typical of our children, and I do not think But we also need to remember that status quo Washington liberals said, there is any doubt in anybody’s mind we run two sets of books here in Wash- number one, they would not; number that the best way to beat the world and ington. One is the external set of two, they could not; and then when the to be the envy of the world in the edu- books, the books that reflect the process was going on, they said they cation of our children is to have the money that comes in and the money should not. All the Democrats fought very, very best public education sys- that goes out into all funds, and the it, kicking and screaming and yelling, tem in the world. There is no one I second set of books reflects what we saying it was going to lead to economic know that wants anything less than are doing to continue to borrow from disaster, and all voted against welfare the very, very best public education for the Social Security Trust Fund and reform and voted against tax cuts for our children. from the Highway Trust Fund. the middle class. But, unhappily, Mr. Speaker, we have Mr. Speaker, we need to not only bal- What happened? Within 100 days, the some children that are being left be- ance the budget on that one set of Contract with America passes, and hind today. In Washington, D.C., we books, but we need to balance the what is the result? In 1995, the deficit, have some very, very good schools, and budget on the second set of books as $164 billion; 1996, the deficit, $107 bil- in Washington, D.C. we have some well. Do not continue to increase the lion; 1997, the deficit, $22 billion; and in catastrophically bad schools. debt; do not spend this new money, this 1998, just announced, a surplus of $8 bil- Just a few months ago, 7,500 families, external surplus, on new programs; lion. distressed about what was happening March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H763 with their children and the bad schools Security’s retirement and disability ferent peoples by emphasizing our com- in which they were trapped, applied for funds, whose surpluses are masking the mon beliefs, our common ideals, and a meager 1,000 scholarships that would deficit in the rest of the budget.’’ perhaps, most importantly, Mr. Speak- enable those mothers and those fathers If we were not using the Social Secu- er, our common language. to move their children to a better rity and many other trust funds to off- Our English language has permitted school of their choice. set or mask the size of the deficit, we this country to live up to our motto, b 1030 would still have a huge deficit on top of our national motto, and that motto is an already horrendous $5.5 trillion na- e pluribus unum, and it means ‘‘out of The people of Washington, D.C., espe- tional debt. many, one.’’ The English language is cially those who are not at the top Mr. Speaker, before we begin cele- the reason that we have survived these rungs of the socioeconomic ladder, brating and spending our supposed, al- last 200 years. Think about it. want their children to have the same leged surplus, we had better make sure f opportunity as the wealthy people who that we really have one. We are very have their children in Sidwell Friends. far from it right now. PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 856, UNITED STATES- We have a bill that we will bring to f the floor here in a few days, a bill that PUERTO RICO POLITICAL STA- would allow 2,000 scholarships for the PRESIDENT CLINTON TURNING HIS TUS ACT very poorest families in America, from BACK ON TAX REFORM Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, by di- among those who apply to be chosen at (Mr. DELAY asked and was given per- rection of the Committee on Rules, I random, so that those parents can use mission to address the House for 1 call up House Resolution 376 and ask those scholarships to take their child minute and to revise and extend his re- for its immediate consideration. to that school where the child can suc- marks.) The Clerk read the resolution, as fol- ceed. Mr. DELAY. Mr. Speaker, earlier this lows: Let me just say, Mr. Speaker, I have week, President Clinton turned his H. RES. 376 met some of those children who up to back on fundamental tax reform by re- Resolved, That at any time after the adop- this point have been the lucky recipi- forming the tax code. He said that get- tion of this resolution the Speaker may, pur- ents of the private scholarships, pri- ting rid of the current tax code and re- suant to clause 1(b) of rule XXIII, declare the vately funded scholarships made avail- placing it with a better one is irrespon- House resolved into the Committee of the able to their families. By over 60 per- sible. Whole House on the state of the Union for cent, these bright young boys and girls The President is finally revealing his consideration of the bill (H.R. 856) to provide say they like math and science the true liberal self. As we enter a new cen- a process leading to full self-government for best. If we put a bright young mind in tury, we need a new tax code. We need Puerto Rico. The first reading of the bill a school where they are encouraged, shall be dispensed with. General debate shall a tax code that encourages savings and be confined to the bill and shall not exceed where somebody cares and takes the investment. We need a tax code that is ninety minutes equally divided and con- time, and yes, indeed, offers a little simple, so that our citizens do not need trolled by Representative Young of Alaska, discipline along with that encourage- to hire accountants and lawyers to Representative Miller of California, Rep- ment, we see a bright, happy child. comply with the rules. We need a tax resentative Solomon of New York, and Rep- We will bring that bill to the floor. code that takes less money from work- resentative Gutierrez of Illinois or their des- We will pass that bill. I hope Members ing families. We need a tax code that ignees. After general debate the bill shall be on both sides of the aisle can find com- gives the American people a break, not considered for amendment under the five- passion for the children that overrides minute rule. In lieu of the amendment rec- manipulates their lives. ommended by the Committee on Resources their desire to comply with unions, and For 40 years, the Democrats in this now printed in the bill, it shall be in order to I hope when we send that bill to the Congress built a tax code that was rid- consider as an original bill for the purpose of President and he picks up that pen, he dled with loopholes, ridiculous rules, amendment under the five-minute rule the will realize he has the lives of 2,000 and hard-to-understand regulations, all amendment in the nature of a substitute beautiful children in his hands. He can to control our lives. It is time to tear printed in the Congressional Record and sign the bill and give them the oppor- that system down and build a better, numbered 1 pursuant to clause 6 of rule tunity, or he can veto the bill and sat- simpler, and fairer tax code for the XXIII. That amendment in the nature of a isfy the unions. substitute shall be considered as read. Points next century. of order against that amendment in the na- f f ture of a substitute for failure to comply BEFORE WE SPEND OUR FEDERAL THE SOLOMON ENGLISH LAN- with clause 5(a) or rule XXI are waived. SURPLUS, WE BETTER MAKE SEC. 2. (a) Before consideration of any GUAGE EMPOWERMENT AMEND- other amendment, it shall be in order to con- SURE WE REALLY HAVE ONE MENT sider the amendment printed in the Congres- (Mr. DUNCAN asked and was given (Mr. SOLOMON asked and was given sional Record and numbered 3 pursuant to permission to address the House for 1 permission to address the House for 1 clause 6 of rule XXIII. Consideration of that minute and to revise and extend his re- minute and to revise and extend his re- amendment shall be preceded by an addi- marks.) marks.) tional period of general debate, which shall be confined to the subject of that amend- Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, every Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, in just ment and shall not exceed one hour equally day we hear all kinds of talk now about a few minutes this House will begin de- divided and controlled by Representative how we are going to spend the Federal bate on something that is probably the Solomon of New York and a Member opposed surplus. Before everyone gets all giddy most important issue that we will take to that amendment. about all this extra cash, however, we up on the floor this Congress during (b) Consideration of the amendment print- had really better take a closer look. this entire year. It is the question of ed in the Congressional Record and num- Alan Sloan, the Wall Street editor of whether or not to start in motion the bered 2 pursuant to clause 6 of rule XXIII Newsweek, recently wrote in the Wash- wheels that will begin to admit Puerto shall be preceded by an additional period of general debate, which shall be confined to ington Post, ‘‘But get a grip. There is Rico as a State to this Union. the subject of that amendment and shall not no surplus. If you do math the normal I would just hope that all Members, exceed thirty minutes equally divided and way, instead of Uncle Sam’s way, there and because of their interest for their controlled by Representative Serrano of New is nothing resembling a budget surplus constituents, would pay particular at- York and a Member opposed to that amend- on the horizon.’’ Mr. Sloan wrote that tention. I would suggest that they ment. all the talk about a surplus comes be- come over here. This debate is going to (c) Amendments specified in subsections cause we are using Federal budget ac- take 7 or 8 hours on this floor, but it is (a) and (b) of this resolution shall be consid- counting instead of real world account- very, very important. ered as read and shall not be subject to a de- mand for division of the question in the ing. I will be offering an amendment that House or in the Committee of the Whole. As he pointed out, ‘‘Virtually the en- will begin to emphasize that based on Consideration of those amendments, and all tire difference between Federal math this premise, for the past two centuries amendments thereto, shall not exceed one and real-world math involves Social we have forged a Nation out of our dif- hour. H764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 SEC. 3. During consideration of the bill for on those amendments and any amend- Mr. Speaker, I admonished Members amendment, the Chairman of the Committee ments thereto. who appeared before the committee of the Whole may accord priority in recogni- These two amendments are the Solo- yesterday to comport themselves in a tion on the basis of whether the Member of- mon amendment, which clarifies the dignified fashion and to exercise re- fering an amendment has caused it to be official role of English in government printed in the portion of the Congressional straint in determining which amend- Record designated for that purpose in clause activities, and the Serrano amend- ments to offer and how many would be 6 of rule XXIII. Amendments so printed shall ment, which relates to eligibility of offered. I am pleased to note that the be considered as read. The Chairman of the mainland U.S. citizens of Puerto Rican Members who appeared yesterday be- Committee of the Whole may: (1) postpone descent to vote in a referendum. fore the Committee on Rules agreed to until a time during further consideration in After general debate on the bill, offer a finite and limited number of the Committee of the Whole a request for a there will be an additional period of amendments. That means that those in recorded vote on any amendment; and (2) re- general debate on the Solomon amend- opposition to the bill will probably duce to five minutes the minimum time for ment, and then 1 hour of consideration electronic voting on any postponed question offer 10 or 12 amendments at the very of the amendment. most. Then there are several amend- that follows another electronic vote without Mr. Speaker, the rule also provides intervening business, provided that the mini- ments by those that might be support- that the amendment of the gentleman mum time for electronic voting on the first ive of the bill itself, that might have in any series of questions shall be fifteen from New York (Mr. SERRANO) will some perfecting amendments as well. minutes. At the conclusion of consideration have 30 minutes of additional general But other than that, we would expect of the bill for amendment the Committee debate time, similar to the Solomon that this debate would continue shall rise and report the bill to the House amendment, and 1 hour of consider- through the day, but under no cir- with such amendments as may have been ation for the amendment process; in cumstances would carry over into to- adopted. Any Member may demand a sepa- other words, amendments offered to rate vote in the House on any amendment morrow. that amendment. So we would hope that Members adopted in the Committee of the Whole to The rule further provides that both would come here, that they would be the bill or to the amendment in the nature of the Solomon amendment and the a substitute made in order as original text. dignified in their remarks, and that we The previous question shall be considered as Serrano amendment shall be consid- ered as read and shall not be subject to would speak to the issues and not get ordered on the bill and amendments thereto into a lot of superfluous conversation. to final passage without intervening motion a demand for a division of the question in the House or in the Committee of I would urge support of the rule. except one motion to recommit with or with- Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of out instructions. the Whole, but there will be second de- my time. gree amendments allowed to it, similar The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield tleman from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) to an open rule process. Mr. Speaker, the rule also provides myself such time as I may consume. is recognized for 1 hour. (Mr. MOAKLEY asked and was given that the Chair is authorized to accord Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, for pur- permission to revise and extend his re- priority in recognition to Members who poses of debate only, I yield the cus- marks.) have preprinted their amendments in tomary 30 minutes to my good friend, Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I thank the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that ap- the gentleman from Massachusetts the gentleman from New York (Mr. peared today. (Mr. MOAKLEY), pending which I yield SOLOMON), my very dear friend, for myself such time as I may consume. The rule also allows for the Chair- man of the Committee of the Whole to yielding me the customary half-hour. During consideration of the resolution, Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of this postpone votes during consideration of all time yielded is for debate purposes open rule, and I commend my Chair- the bill and to reduce voting time to 5 only. man for allowing the rule to come to minutes on a postponed question if the Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 376 is the floor in this position. an open rule providing for consider- vote follows a 15-minute vote. Finally, the rule provides for one mo- Mr. Speaker, the issue of self-deter- ation of H.R. 856, which is the the tion to recommit, with or without in- mination for the people of Puerto Rico United States-Puerto Rico Political structions. has been an issue for many, many dec- Status Act. The rule provides 90 min- Mr. Speaker, as the Members are well ades. This year marks the 100th anni- utes of general debate, equally divided aware, this is an extremely controver- versary of Puerto Rico’s being part of and controlled by the gentleman from sial issue. It is controversial among the the United States. Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), the gentleman American people, and it is certainly Eighty-three years ago, Mr. Speaker, from California (Mr. MILLER), myself, controversial among the people that in the midst of World War I, Congress the gentleman from New York (Mr. reside on the islands of Puerto Rico. extended American citizenship to the SOLOMON), and the gentleman from Illi- Members of the House are divided on residents of Puerto Rico with all of its nois (Mr. GUTIERREZ), or their des- this issue, and not necessarily by rights and responsibilities, including ignees. party. being subject to the military draft. The rule makes in order the amend- However, despite our differences over Since then, over 200,000 Puerto Ricans ment in the nature of a substitute of- the substance of the legislation, many have served in this country’s various fered by the gentleman from Alaska of us have agreed that the fairest way military endeavors. Puerto Ricans (Chairman YOUNG) and printed in the to consider this very controversial and presently abide by all American laws CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and numbered difficult issue is under an open rule, passed by this Congress. They are also 1, which shall be considered as read. and I commend Chairman YOUNG for required to serve on juries. They pledge The rule also waives clause 5(a) of his cooperation in bringing this matter their allegiance to the flag of the rule XXI prohibiting appropriations in to the floor under these considerations United States. a legislative bill against the amend- today. This bill we consider today, Mr. ment in the nature of a substitute. The Speaker, is a bill giving 3.8 million peo- Committee on Rules understands this b 1045 ple of Puerto Rico their long-overdue waiver to be technical in nature, and The gentleman is an outstanding right to self-determination. Contrary further understands that the Commit- Member of this body, and even though to what some people say, this is not a tee on Appropriations has no objection he and I will tangle somewhat on the statehood bill. It simply allows the to it. floor, we will remain good friends when people of Puerto Rico to decide for Mr. Speaker, this is an open rule. we leave here. He and I very rarely ever themselves what kind of relationship However, the Committee on Rules de- differ. He and I have fought hundreds of they will have with the United States cided to single out two significant pol- battles on this floor in the last 20 years rather than having it forced upon icy amendments for particular treat- on the issue of property rights, individ- them. ment for debate on this floor. The com- ual property rights of individual Amer- Under this bill, Puerto Rico has sev- mittee determined that these amend- icans, and we will continue to do that eral options. They can be integrated ments should receive a specified debate as long as the two of us are left stand- into the Union, as has Hawaii, or they time and a time certain to close debate ing on this floor. can remain a separate Nation as the March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H765 Philippines did. And since 80 percent of English is already the primary lan- union of promises and opportunity in our the voters of Puerto Rico go to the guage used in business, government, Federal union of sovereign states. polls, we can be assured that their deci- cultural affairs in the United States. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of sion will represent a very strong ma- But if we require English in all govern- my time. jority. mental functions, people who call 911 Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield Once they make that decision, no and cannot speak fluent English might myself such time as I may consume, matter what that decision may be, I be in a lot of trouble. just to respond to the gentleman from believe we should support them. And I So rather than mandating English Boston, Massachusetts (Mr. MOAKLEY) am not the only one who feels that and prohibiting technicians from doing my very, very close friend. way. their jobs in life-threatening situations Mr. Speaker, I would say, yes, I did Mr. Speaker, eight years ago I was an involving non-English speakers, I sug- serve in the United States Marine original cosponsor of the legislation gest we recognize the primary role of Corps back during the Korean War. I which passed the House to allow Puer- English in our national affairs, but did not have the privilege of serving in to Ricans to vote on the status of their allow the use of languages in other combat, but I served with a great many relationship with this country. Unfor- governmental functions when it is ap- Puerto Rican citizens of the United tunately, Mr. Speaker, that bill died in propriate. States and to this day they are some of the Senate, but it did have the support I think what I am trying to say, Mr. the greatest friends that I have. of the majority of this House. Speaker, is that people should be al- Unfortunately, they are divided on Self-determination also had the sup- lowed to speak whatever language gets this issue just as the rest of the Puerto port of one of America’s most popular the job done at 911, in police depart- Rican people are, those that are still Presidents. I have here, Mr. Speaker, a ments, and with emergency and medi- alive, some of which I talked to just in statement by the idol of the gentleman cal technicians. In doing so we would the last 48 hours. It breaks down where from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), Presi- not only be respecting the wishes of one-third of them are for statehood, dent Reagan. He supported Puerto our Founding Fathers but also prob- one-third of them are for common- Rican self-determination in a state- ably saving many lives in the process. wealth, and surprisingly, one-third of ment dated January 12, 1982, which I So I urge my colleagues to support them are for independence. I did not would like to put in the RECORD. this rule, and I would like to just read think that would be that high, but that In his statement, President Reagan one other statement which is attrib- is the issue. says: ‘‘Puerto Ricans have fought be- uted to Ronald Reagan. It appeared in Mr. Speaker, I take a little umbrage side us for decades and have worked be- Roll Call Thursday, February 26. And I at the gentleman, my good friend, side us for generations. We recognize quote again from Ronald Reagan who pointing to the ads that appeared in the right of the Puerto Rican people to said this January 12, 1982. He said ‘‘In Roll Call, and not just in Roll Call but self-determination. President Reagan statehood, the language and the cul- in the Washington Times and all kinds also said that he believed that state- ture of the island, rich in history and of papers. Millions of dollars have been hood would benefit both the people of in tradition, would be respected, for in spent by lobbyists trying to force a Puerto Rico and their fellow American the United States, the cultures of the particular issue on this Congress, and I citizens in the States.’’ world live together with pride.’’ do not think the Congress is going to President Clinton supports the legis- Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to listen to that today because they are a lation, as did every Republican Presi- support this rule, to support the bill, pretty astute body. dent since Dwight Eisenhower. Mr. and to defeat the English-only amend- But concerning my hero Ronald Speaker, it is a good idea whose time is ment. Reagan and, yes, he is my hero and he long overdue. After 83 years of Amer- Mr. Speaker, I include the following will forever be, even in spite of his ican citizenship, this country owes for the RECORD: physical condition today. It is so sad. these people the right to make their [The White House, Office of the Press But President Reagan, yes, he did. He own decision. We owe them self-deter- Secretary, Jan. 12, 1982] supports self-determination, but he mination. They are American citizens, STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT does not support this bill or its delib- Mr. Speaker, and they should be treat- When I announced my candidacy for this erately skewed language favoring ed as such. office more than two years ago, I pledged to statehood. Unfortunately, in addition to Puerto support statehood for the Commonwealth of Mr. Speaker, let me read this letter Rican self-determination, which is a Puerto Rico, should the people of that island that I just received dated February 27, very popular idea, there is another choose it in a free and democratic election. and it is from the Ronald Reagan Today I reaffirm that support, still confident Foundation. It says, ‘‘Dear Congress- issue which is being linked to the bill, in my belief that statehood would benefit the issue of whether the United States both the people of Puerto Rico and their fel- man Solomon, thank you for your re- will pick an official government lan- low American citizens in the 50 states. quest to clarify President Reagan’s guage. Although English is certainly While I believe the Congress and the people participation in the current debate on the de facto language of our country, of this country would welcome Puerto Rican Puerto Rican statehood. As I am sure the Framers of our Constitution delib- statehood, this Administration will accept you understand, President Reagan is erately refused to establish a national whatever choice is made by a majority of the no longer participating in campaigns of island’s population. religion or a national language. People No nation, no organization nor individual any kind.’’ Despite the unauthorized come from all over the world to live would mistake our intent in this. The status use of his name, appearing in that Roll here, and are not linked to one another of Puerto Rico is an issue to be settled by Call, ‘‘photograph and quotes in a re- by common language. They are linked the peoples of Puerto Rico and the United cent ad in the Washington Times and to one another, Mr. Speaker, because of States. There must be no interference in the Roll Call, he is not now nor will he ever their love of freedom, their love of lib- democratic process. be taking any position on H.R. 856, the erty. Puerto Ricans have borne the responsibil- issue of statehood for Puerto Rico, or President Reagan said, and I would ities of U.S. citizenship with honor and cour- self-determination for the Puerto age for more than 64 years. They have fought like the gentleman from New York, my beside us for decades and have worked beside Rican people.’’ And it goes on to say, dear friend, the former Marine to hear us for generations. Puerto Rico is playing an ‘‘I hope this clarifies that issue.’’ this, Mr. Reagan said, and I quote, ‘‘In important roll in the development of the Mr. Speaker, I was not going to get statehood, the language and culture of Caribbean Basin Initiative and its strong into a debate on this during the rule the island, rich in history, would be re- tradition of democracy provides leadership because I was hopeful that we could spected, for in the United States the and stability in that region. In statehood, move on to the general debate time cultures of the world live together with the language and culture of the island—rich itself so that we would not be inter- pride.’’ in history and tradition—would be respected, rupted by other votes. But there are for in the United States the cultures of the In fact, when the Constitution was world live together with pride. many things that have held this coun- drafted, there were nearly as many We recognize the right of the Puerto Rican try together over the last 200 years. people speaking German in this coun- people to self-determination. If they choose Many of them, as I quoted before, ‘‘e try as there were speaking English. statehood, we will work together to devise a pluribus unum’’ means out of many H766 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 one. It means patriotism, it means stage process, a three-stage process Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the pride, it means volunteerism. But leading to full self-government for gentleman from New York (Mr. above all it means that we speak a Puerto Rico as a separate sovereign na- SERRANO). common language in this country. tion or a State of the Union if the ma- (Mr. SERRANO asked and was given We are a melting pot of the entire jority of the people are ready to change permission to revise and extend his re- world, of every ethnic background in the current form of local self-govern- marks.) the entire world, and we are proud of ment as the Commonwealth of Puerto that. But had we let these various lan- Rico. Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Speaker, I rise in guages become a part of our American strong support of this rule and in b 1100 culture, this democracy would not be strong support of the bill which we are here today. And if my colleagues do Congress and the Americans of Puer- dealing with today. This is indeed a not believe it, come up to my congres- to Rico will be required to vote in each historic moment because, make no sional district which borders on Can- of the three stages of the bill. I want to mistake about it, this is the first time ada, and see how we are faced with a stress that. Congress and the Ameri- that a rule has come on this floor ac- situation in Quebec that literally tears cans of Puerto Rico will be required to companying a bill of this nature that that country asunder. We just cannot vote in each of the three stages of the will, in my opinion, begin a process to allow that to happen. And that is why bill, an initial referendum, a 10-year end what I and many other people con- at the appropriate time I will be offer- transition plan, and the final imple- sider, and all should consider, the ing an amendment that will clarify the mentation act. If there is no majority present colonial status of Puerto Rico. English-first language in this country. for change, then the status quo contin- In order to do this, we have to put Having said all of that, I appreciate ues and United States citizens of Puer- forth a process. This rule puts forth a the remarks of the gentleman from to Rico are consulted again by referen- process for the debate, and the bill puts Massachusetts (Mr. MOAKLEY). dum at least once every 10 years. forth the process for ending the colo- Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he The Committee on Resources over- nial status. We have to immediately may consume to the gentleman from whelmingly approved and reported it attack that which is being said either Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), one of the men I twice, first in the 104th Congress and respect most in this body, chairman of now in the 105th Congress. I firmly be- with a lack of information or viciously the Committee on Resources, and the lieve it is appropriate and necessary for to defeat the bill, which is that this single representative from the great the full House to now consider the bill leads Puerto Rico towards state- State of Alaska. United States-Puerto Rico Political hood. How can it do that if this Con- (Mr. YOUNG of Alaska asked and was Status Act, H.R. 856. gress is not committing itself at this given permission to revise and extend In carrying out congressional respon- point to any of the three options? his remarks.) sibilities under the Constitution for What this Congress is saying is, we Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, I territories, Congress will be able to di- will allow you in consultation with us rise in support of the rule for consider- rectly respond to the request of the to take a vote, and then the results of ation of the United States-Puerto Rico Legislature of Puerto Rico to the 105th that vote will become our consider- Political Status Act, H.R. 856. Congress to define the status choices ation here on the House floor. Some The proposed open rule is consistent and authorize a process to resolve may be afraid that the vote would with the process which is followed by Puerto Rico’s political status dilemma. come out against the option they the Committee on Resources in the de- I support this rule, and I will discuss in favor. That is democracy. Some may be velopment of this bill to resolve the debate the merits of all amendments afraid that the option somebody favors United States political status problem that come before us. will never be dealt with. We can only with Puerto Rico. I want my colleagues to understand This was an effort to reach out and find out. But I assure my colleagues this is nothing new. This is a project I include as many sectors as possible in that nothing will happen unless we ap- worked on, my committee has worked a fair manner in which the facts were prove this rule and approve this bill. In on, the people of Puerto Rico have openly aired and examined without re- fact, I often tell people, I have a 31- worked on for the last 4 years. It is spect to special interests or local polit- year-old daughter and a 4-year-old time to act. It is time for this Con- ical considerations. granddaughter. I suspect that if this I can confirm that as the chairman of gress, this House, to pass this legisla- bill fails today, my grandchildren, as the House committee of jurisdiction tion for America, for the people of adults, will still be discussing the colo- for territorial affairs, the committee Puerto Rico. This rule is a good rule, nial status of Puerto Rico. and I urge passage of the rule but, followed and completed every legisla- As we get close to the year 2000, and tive step in the development of this ini- more than that, the defeat of some amendments and final passage of this once in a while we listen to the U.N., tiative during the past 4 years from the U.N. has suggested that all coun- 1995 to the present time. legislation, long overdue for the people of Puerto Rico. tries unload their territories and colo- Five extensive hearings with the nies before 2000. The greatest democ- broadest participation possible were Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. racy on Earth still holds close to 4 mil- held in Washington and Puerto Rico. lion people in that kind of a situation. Testimony was heard from individuals Maybe I did not make myself clear. I am not insinuating in any way that I do not care if statehood wins. I do not with many different views on the fu- care if independence wins. I do care ture relationship of Puerto Rico and former President Ronald Reagan is for this bill. All I want to do was to read every day when I get up and I realize the United States. Special attention that the children of Puerto Rico are all was given to allow the three principal a statement he put out in a press re- lease. Once a President speaks, use of members of a colony. It is good for the parties in Puerto Rico, each represent- U.S. Government to change this. It is ing the status of commonwealth, inde- that language is never unauthorized because that is his statement. It is his- good for the Puerto Rican people to pendence, or statehood, to present change it. their preferred definition with their re- tory. Once again, he said, in statehood, spective status options. the language and culture of the island, So I congratulate the gentleman Subsequent deliberations by Mem- rich in history, rich in tradition, would from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) for bringing bers of Congress were complete and ex- be respected, for in the United States this bill, and I congratulate my col- haustive. All the issues have been the cultures of the world live together league the gentleman from New York raised and debated. with pride. Ronald Reagan. (Mr. SOLOMON) for this rule. I will not Once Members examined the com- The reason I wanted to make it so agree with the gentleman from New plexity of the problems, they realized plain is because I know my dear friend, York (Mr. SOLOMON) on everything that this bill is the most viable way to the gentleman from New York (Mr. today, and I will not agree on many address the problems facing the United SOLOMON), idolizes President Reagan, things during the session with the gen- States due to failure to permanently and rightly so. I just wanted to be sure tleman from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), but resolve Puerto Rico’s status. he knew what the President’s thoughts we agree on this beyond anything else, The bill’s self-determination process were when he did address the Puerto and that is why I was proud to add my in H.R. 856 is a carefully crafted three- Rican situation. name as a co-prime sponsor early on. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H767 I do not move back from that com- Let us be clear about what the Puer- Puerto Rico are in great measure con- mitment. I support the Young bill with to Rico Federal Relations Act did and trolled by the government in which we every bit of strength in this body, be- did not do. After nearly a half century have little to say, they would still deny cause after 100 years with the U.S. and of obfuscation, some partisans would the right to vote and the right to vot- 405 years with Spain, it is time that have us believe that Puerto Rico’s cur- ing representation by opposing this Puerto Rico knew whether it can join rent commonwealth status is the prod- bill. the community of nations as an inde- uct of a bilateral pact between Puerto All of my colleagues here today have pendent Nation or gain sovereignty by Rico and the United States and that the privilege of voting yes or no on the joining the Union. the island is really a free associated United States-Puerto Rico Political Either one is correct. The present is State or an associated Republic. But Status Act. Yet I am the sole Rep- not. I support the rule. Vote for it. And the unvarnished truth is that Puerto resentative of this House for 3.8 million I will support the bill strongly today. I Rico’s colonial status remains un- U.S. citizens in Puerto Rico. I cannot am sure that if I am given time, you changed. As a territory, we are self- vote. This is the defining legislation will hear from me a few times during governed in local matters not covered for my constituents, and I cannot vote. the day today. by Federal laws, but we have never ex- This legislation would end 100 years of Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield ercised self-determination. Puerto Rico’s colonial relationship 6 minutes to the gentleman from Puer- The Congressional record is clear. with the Nation, yet I cannot vote. to Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ). The intent of the Puerto Rico Federal I ask you, do you cherish the prin- (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ asked and Relations Act was to create a provi- ciples of our democracy enough to dis- was given permission to revise and ex- sional government until the issue of mantle 100 years of colonialism and ex- tend his remarks.) status was resolved, and if anything tend the right of full self-determina- Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Speak- was decided in the 1993 plebiscite, it is tion to the U.S. citizens of Puerto er, I rise to support the rule for this that for the first time since the United Rico? I hope you do, for our sake and H.R. 856. Today this House will con- States arrived on our shores, Puerto for the Nation’s sake. sider the United States-Puerto Rico Rico is being ruled by Congress under Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield Political Status Act. For the people I an agreement that does not have the myself such time as I may consume represent, the 3,800,000 United States support of the majority of the people of just to respond somewhat to the last several speakers. citizens living in Puerto Rico, the en- Puerto Rico. We are being governed Just responding to the statement of actment of this legislation would be without the consent of the governed. the gentleman from Massachusetts the single most important political de- Like Dorothy in the Land of Oz, we (Mr. MOAKLEY) about the position of velopment in 100 years. Yet many of could sit here, click our heels three President Ronald Reagan on this bill, I my colleagues may wonder why this times, and wish the problem would dis- did not read the last sentence in this legislation is necessary and why they appear. Where would it go, to Kansas? letter from his Chief of Staff Joanne or their constituents should care about But it will not. The fact is that only Drake. It says, I hope this clears up Puerto Rico. Congress has the authority to resolve any misunderstandings that these ads They should care because, geography this dilemma, and only Congress can may have caused. These ads did not re- aside, no citizen and no constituency in create an environment in which Puerto ceive the authorization of Ronald this Nation is an island. They should Ricans can legitimately address this Reagan to run. care because the rights and privileges issue. denied to one group of citizens threat- This is precisely what the United b 1115 en the rights and privileges enjoyed by States-Puerto Rico Political Status Now, let me also state for the gen- the entire body politic. They should Act is designed to do. This legislation tleman from Massachusetts (Mr. MOAK- care because as individuals and as a does not endorse one political choice LEY) that I had another idol, too, that Nation, to paraphrase the English au- over another. It is status neutral. All it I idolized very much, and he used to sit thor C.S. Lewis, we are defined by the seeks to do is create constitutionally in that chair up there. He was a good choices we make. Incrementally, in sound and congressionally approved friend of the gentleman’s, and his name seemingly insignificant small steps, we definitions of status options to be con- was Tip O’Neill. He was one pretty make decisions, and those decisions de- sidered by the people of Puerto Rico. tough hombre, but he was pretty fair to fine us. Our choices tell us who we are. The bill proposes a timetable for ref- us in the minority and that is why I The fundamental choice before this erendums on status, and it makes pro- also respected him a great deal House today is this: Do we cherish the visions, should they prove necessary, Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the principles of our democracy enough to for a smooth transition to and for the gentleman yield? put an end to 100 years of colonialism implementation of a new political sta- Mr. SOLOMON. I yield to the gen- and extend the right of full self-deter- tus. These measures are critical if the tleman from Massachusetts. mination to the U.S. citizens of Puerto status process is to go forward and if Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would Rico? A century ago when the victori- self-determination by the people of point out to the gentleman that he just ous United States signed the Treaty of Puerto Rico is to have any meaning of used a non-English word. Is the gen- Paris ending the Spanish-American legitimacy. The people of Puerto Rico, tleman sure he wants to put that in the War, it acquired Puerto Rico as a pos- to borrow words of Israel’s Golda Meir RECORD, ‘‘hombre’’? session. Article 9 of the treaty stated from 1946, only want that which is Mr. SOLOMON. Well, Mr. Speaker, that the civil rights and political sta- given naturally to all peoples of the reclaiming my time, let me also re- tus of the native inhabitants of the ter- world, to be masters of our fate. That spond a little bit on the colonialism ritories hereby ceded to the United for which the Puerto Ricans fought issue by my very, very good friend, the States shall be determined by the Con- side by side with our fellow citizens in gentleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. RO- gress. Subsequent Supreme Court deci- the mainland, defending other coun- MERO-BARCELO´ ). And I was willing to sions have ruled that Puerto Rico’s tries on foreign shores, to stand for the even yield him an additional minute if status is that of an incorporated terri- right of people’s self-determination, is he had needed it. But it really hurts a tory subject to the plenary authority being denied to 3.8 million U.S. citi- lot of our feelings on both sides of the of Congress under the territorial clause zens. aisle to talk about this issue of colo- of the Constitution. Some of my colleagues in this House nialism because, my colleagues, there Exercising its powers, Congress whose districts include large Puerto is no colonialism. granted citizenship to the residents of Rican communities would deny us this. If the people of Puerto Rico over- Puerto Rico by statute in 1917. And in But unlike my constituents, these ex- whelmingly want statehood in this 1950, with the passage of the Puerto patriate Puerto Ricans enjoy voting country, I will be the first to help lead Rico Federal Relations Act, Congress representation in Congress and the the fight to bring them in, just as we authorized the people of Puerto Rico to right to vote in Presidential elections, did for the Northern Marianas, for the draw up a Constitution and organize a and although the economic, social and Marshall Islands, for Palau and for Mi- local government. political affairs of the residents of cronesia. When the issues came up, we H768 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 pushed for them to make a decision one said this is not a statehood bill, but I MON), the chairman of the Committee way or the other, but we did not try to would submit to my colleagues, Mr. on Rules, and the gentleman from Mas- jam one particular idea on them. Speaker, that this is very much a sachusetts (Mr. MOAKLEY), for having And, consequently, the Marshall Is- statehood bill. And this is the reason— an open rule today, because, finally, we lands and Palau and Micronesia be- as the chairman has previously stated, are going to have some debate on this came sovereign Nations under a free Puerto Rico has voted previously, very very critical issue, debate that I must association with the United States recently, on the issue of statehood, and say that on numerous occasions I, as a whereby we do help them, they provide they rejected the idea of statehood; Member of this Congress, who rep- military bases to us, and there is a 1993, I believe, was the latest plebiscite. resents over 150,000 Puerto Ricans in very close relationship. But under no This bill, if passed by the House of Rep- my district, was not allowed to partici- circumstances did we try to keep them resentatives, and if enacted by the Sen- pate in that debate. I think that was in a colonial position. ate and signed by the President, would wrong. And now we want to have a de- The Northern Marianas chose to stay say to the Commonwealth of Puerto bate here. So I want to thank both of as a trust to the United States of Rico, ‘‘Vote again, you did not get it the gentlemen for that. America, but they chose it. We did not right last time.’’ If Puerto Rico votes I only come to raise one issue right ask them to. So is that colonialism? for statehood with 50 percent plus 1, a now. I have a very deep preoccupation The answer is absolutely not. And the bare majority, then the Congress of the at this point, concern, and that is that truth of the matter is when the Puerto United States will have to decide the all of these proceedings are being con- Rican people, when they overwhelm- issue to decide. We must vote on a bill ducted in English. All of these proceed- ingly want statehood, as did the people to decide whether to grant the Com- ings are being conducted in English, of Alaska and as did the people of Ha- monwealth of Puerto Rico their state- and yet the people of Puerto Rico are waii, when the vote came in a plebi- hood. However, in this referendum that the ones who are going to have to in- scite in Alaska, 83 percent of the people is proposed by this bill, if Puerto terpret everything that this Congress wanted statehood. Eighty-three per- Ricans vote once again for common- is doing. Many of them are not going to cent. When the people of Hawaii want- wealth status, this bill says, ‘‘Wait a be able to understand what is going on ed to come into this Nation of ours as minute, you didn’t get it right. We will here today, Mr. Speaker. the 49th State, they wanted it by 94 let that decision stand, but just for a I know some of my colleagues will percent. little while. And after 10 years you smile and chuckle, but it really is not Today, my good friend, the gen- must vote again and you must vote anything funny. It is serious. People tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- ´ again and you must vote again until should understand, American citizens BARCELO), indicated that the majority should understand what it is this Con- of people in Puerto Rico want state- you get it right. And the right decision gress is doing in terms of their posi- hood. That just is not true. In the last is statehood.’’ So I would say that the bill is de- tion. plebiscite of 1993, a majority of the peo- signed to eventually get a decision by Let me give my colleagues an exam- ple wanted something other than state- the Puerto Rican people for statehood. ple, gentlemen. If I walk into a theater, hood. And I defy anyone to come down And because of that, I say that enact- a movie theater today anywhere in here and show me the facts any dif- Puerto Rico, anywhere in Puerto Rico, ferently. ment of the bill would inevitably put there are subtitles to everything said Mr. Speaker, I yield such time as he us down the path to admitting Puerto in English, in every movie theater in may consume to the gentleman from Rico as the 51st State, and that is a se- Puerto Rico. Why? So that the people the State of Mississippi (Mr. WICKER), a rious, serious decision. This is a major very, very important Member of this decision. can grasp what is going on in the body and a member of the Committee Adding a star to the United States movie. Many times I would laugh two on Appropriations. flag is a major decision for Americans seconds ahead of the rest of the audi- Mr. WICKER. Mr. Speaker, I thank to make. It is a serious matter which ence because by the time they read the the gentleman for yielding me this Congress and the American people need translation, I am an English native time. I have the greatest respect for to have a full understanding about. I do speaker, and I would understand that. the gentleman from New York (Mr. not think the American people know So I bring that as an issue that even SOLOMON), the chairman of the Com- this issue is out there. When I went in movie theaters, even in entertain- mittee on Rules. He is put in a very dif- home to my constituents, they had no ment, and this is much more important ficult position today. He has a tough idea that Congress was about to vote than that. Look, if we were in the job, Mr. Speaker. He is put in the posi- on a bill which will inevitably lead to House of Representatives in San Juan, tion of presenting a rule to this body statehood. Puerto Rico, all of this would be going on a bill that he is vigorously, vigor- So for that reason, I oppose the rule. on in Spanish. So the legislators, when ously opposed to. So I have always re- I respect the chairman for bringing it they legislate in Puerto Rico, do it all spected him for the hard job he has, forward, but I think that if we as a in Spanish. If we were in the Senate in but even more so today because of the body want to take the position today Puerto Rico it would all be being con- position that he has found himself in. that, having had this debate this morn- ducted in Spanish so that the people I also have the greatest respect for ing, this issue is not ripe for a decision would understand the proceedings of some of the proponents of this legisla- and we need to go back and have a fur- the representatives they elect. tion. The gentleman from Alaska (Mr. ther national conversation about this, If we were in a courtroom, the judge YOUNG), chairman of the Committee on I think the correct decision is to vote and the lawyers would all be speaking Resources, is a very effective leader in ‘‘no’’ on the rule. And that will be my in Spanish. If we were buying a piece of the House of Representatives. He be- vote, Mr. Speaker. property today, we would register that lieves fervently in this issue, and he is Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield piece of property, not in English, but in entitled to his beliefs and his opinions myself such time as I may consume to Spanish. and has worked very effectively for the say that this is the first time I have So I would like to ask the chairman legislation, and I have great respect for heard that one of the major problems of the Rules Committee to see if there his viewpoint. with this bill is adding a star to the is some way that we might not have However, I do oppose the bill and op- flag. Betsy Ross did not have any trou- some simultaneous broadcast of this, a pose the rule, Mr. Speaker, because I ble, and she did not even have the ma- way in which this House of Representa- do not believe the American people chinery we have today. tives could translate so that the people have enough facts about this issue. I do Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the of Puerto Rico can be fully informed of not believe the American people are gentleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIER- the farce of self-determination which is prepared to have their national legisla- REZ). being perpetuated upon them with this ture move on a decision concerning Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise bill here today. Puerto Rican statehood. in opposition to this bill but in support Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have Now, there are people who have risen of the rule. I would like to thank the two remaining speakers. How much on the floor today and previously, who gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- time do I have, Mr. Speaker, and how March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H769 much time does the gentleman from tleman from California (Mr. MILLER), one House receives a request for a conference New York (Mr. SOLOMON) have? the ranking member. from the other House, to a make in order The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Mr. Speaker, the people of Puerto after three legislative days following the re- ceipt of such a request a motion by any PEASE). The gentleman from Massachu- Rico have waited 100 years for the op- Member to disagree to the amendment of the setts (Mr. MOAKLEY) has 9 minutes re- portunity to be given a legitimate other House and agree to the conference. maining, and the gentleman from New chance to exercise the full right to Defines the term ‘‘legislative day’’ in the York (Mr. SOLOMON) has 10 minutes re- complete self-determination. While not House and the Senate to mean a day on maining. perfect, the bill before us today is a which such House is in session. Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield good beginning. Provides that the procedures of H.R. 856 4 minutes to the gentlewoman from the We have an opportunity to say to the are enacted as an exercise of the constitu- Virgin Islands (Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN). people of Puerto Rico, as well as the tional rulemaking authority of the House Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Speak- Virgin Islands and the other terri- and the Senate with full recognition of the er, I thank the gentleman from Massa- right of either House to change its rules at tories, that the Congress of the United anytime. chusetts for yielding me time. States respects us and will provide a SHORT EXPLANATION OF SECTION 6 OF H.R. 856 Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the fair and comprehensive process for us rule. This is an important day for the to make known our choice on the fur- H.R. 856 requires a referendum to be held people of Puerto Rico. As a representa- by December 31, 1998, on Puerto Rico’s path ther political status of our islands to self-government either through U.S. tive of the Virgin Islands, an unincor- whenever we are ready to do so. statehood or through sovereign independence porated territory of the U.S., we fully The question of political status has or free association. It requires the President support our brothers and sisters and for too long dominated the political to submit to the Congress for approval legis- our neighbor to the northwest on their landscape in Puerto Rico. What we do lation for: (1) a transition plan of up to ten journey to determine their relationship here today will go a long way towards years which leads to full self-government for to the United States and achieve full finally resolving this issue once and for Puerto Rico; and (2) a recommendation for self-government. all. I urge passage of the rule. the implementation of such self-government As we do so, we fully recognize how consistent with Puerto Rico’s approval. I thank the gentleman from Massa- Section 6 of H.R. 856 specifies the expedited much what is done here today will like- chusetts for yielding me time. procedures in the House of Representatives ly influence and impact on the deter- b 1130 and the Senate for the consideration of legis- mination of our future relationship as lation introduced to implement a transition well. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I sub- plan and an implementation plan. Legisla- For this reason, it is of the utmost mit for the RECORD a short explanation tion introduced in the 104th Congress (H.R. importance to us that Congress and the of section 6 of H.R. 856, an analysis of 3024) contained procedures that the Rules administration support the process of that section of the expedited proce- Committee found to be unworkable and in- self-determination, which it does. It is dures. consistent with the stated goals of the legis- The document is as follows: lation. Consequently, on September 18, 1996, also important, however, that the proc- the Committee reported H.R. 3024 with a new ess be one generated, determined, and ANALYSIS OF SECTION 6 OF H.R. 856 Section 6, which more clearly reaches the driven by the people of Puerto Rico, Requires the majority leaders in both the stated goal and rational behind including the and that the integrity of this process House of Representatives and the Senate to expedited procedures in the bill, as well as be maintained. introduce legislation to implement the tran- being consistent with the Rules of the House I am, therefore, Mr. Speaker, very sition plan and implementation plan, as the governing normal procedure. Those same sympathetic to the concerns of the sup- case may be, no later than 5 legislative days provisions are contained in Section 6 of H.R. porters of commonwealth for fairness after the President submits such legislation 856. to Congress. in the presentation of the option they Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield Requires such legislation to be imme- 1 represent and all other options of H.R. diately referred to the committee or com- 3 ⁄2 minutes to the gentleman from 856. mittees of jurisdiction and, if not reported California (Mr. ROHRABACHER), an ex- Mr. Speaker, I am concerned not only within 120 calendar days of session after its tremely outstanding Member of this that the definition presently in the bill introduction, automatically discharged and body. does not reflect their input from the placed on the appropriate legislative cal- Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Speaker, PDP, but also that H.R. 856 contains endar. first let me thank the gentleman from language which could lead one to con- Makes in order, as a highly privileged mat- New York (Mr. SOLOMON) for the lead- ter in the House and a privileged matter in ership that he is providing on this clude that the status of commonwealth the Senate, a motion to proceed to the con- would be a less than desirable choice sideration of the legislation qualified under issue. We have learned quite often that for the people of Puerto Rico. these expedited procedures by a Member fa- providing leadership on controversial What may be viewed, Mr. Speaker, by voring the legislation, but not until: (1) the issues leads one to personal attacks. supporters of statehood for Puerto Rico legislation has been on the calendar for 14 The gentleman from New York (Mr. and reflected in this bill as an insup- legislative days; (2) the Member consults SOLOMON) has courageously stepped portable, undemocratic, and colonial with the presiding officer of the respective forward to provide leadership on this status, could in fact be what my con- House as to scheduling; and (3) after the issue that is not only important to the third legislative day after the Member gives people of Puerto Rico but also impor- stituents and those of other territorial notice to the respective House. delegates aspire to, given the same op- Waives all points of order against the mo- tant to the people of the United States portunity. tion and against consideration of the motion of America as a whole. While commonwealth may not be a and, if agreed to, requires the House or the Mr. Speaker, while I oppose H.R. 856 status which provides complete and Senate, as the case may be, to proceed to im- in its current form, I do support an full self-government today, its con- mediate consideration of the legislation open rule for its consideration. The stitutional limitations should not be without intervening motion (except one mo- number one reason why this bill should trumpeted for the sake of expediency. tion to adjourn) or other business. be opposed is because it sets up basi- This Congress has a responsibility to Stipulates that in the House of Represent- cally, as we have heard in this debate atives, the legislation would be: considered ensure that any process it creates for in the Committee of the Whole; debatable for so far, an unfair and undemocratic the people of Puerto Rico or any of the four hours equally divided between a pro- process that will cause the largest island territories to exercise their ponent and an opponent; and subject to a group of Puerto Rican voters to boy- right to self-determination must be four hour amendment process (excluding re- cott the election, thus producing a balanced and provide inclusion and fair corded votes and quorum calls). phony majority for statehood. treatment for all of the options avail- Requires, after the committee rises, that Whenever any other territory has able. the previous question be considered as or- come into the Union, they have peti- In this regard, I look forward to sup- dered to final passage without intervening tioned for giving their residents the op- motion, except one motion to recommit with porting an amendment in the nature of or without instructions. portunity for an up or down, yes or no a substitute which I understand will be Provides procedures in the House and Sen- vote. That is the normal process that is offered later and which was worked out ate for the hook-up of identical legislation expected, but it is not good enough for by the authors of H.R. 856 and the gen- passed by both Houses or, in the event that Puerto Rico. Why? Because the Puerto H770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Rican Government is controlled by that is fair about this bill, that is, to have the Solomon language imposed on statehood supporters who know from provide a rule that will provide a free them. past balloting and current polling that and open debate. That is what this bill The irony with the gentleman from they would lose a fair up and down vote needs. Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) saying ‘‘I wish on statehood. Mr. Speaker, this is not about self- this was in Spanish’’ is that the only The statehood supporters have ma- determination. This is legislation that way to guarantee the people of Puerto neuvered the Committee on Resources has been drafted by the statehood sup- Rico that they have a right to speak into constructing a ballot that will not porters. They were the ones who pro- their own language is if they get to be- reflect the will of the people. This is vided the definition for the common- come a State. Because if they are a because the definition of ‘‘common- wealth, indeed denying access to the State, they have the rights under the wealth’’ in the bill describes a colonial democratic process by not allowing 48 10th Amendment of the United States status that is unacceptable to percent of the people of Puerto Rico to Constitution. They reserve the power commonwealthers, leaving them no participate in this debate. Forty-eight to decide what their local language choice but to boycott the election since percent of the people of Puerto Rico will be, just as every other State in they oppose all 3 options offered by the supported commonwealth 5 years ago this Union is able to do. bill. when the last plebiscite was held. But The irony is, unless Puerto Rico be- Back in Puerto Rico, statehood sup- here we are presenting to the House comes a State, they will not be able to porters are gloating about how the def- floor legislation that will favor the decide what their language will be, inition being used in the bill will guar- statehood for Puerto Rico. they will not ever be able to vote for antee a victory for statehood even Mr. Speaker, make no mistake. By the things that we vote on regularly though they know the majority of peo- voting on this legislation, we are im- that affect them. The irony in this de- ple do not support statehood. They are posing statehood to the people of Puer- bate is that we keep hearing that this right about the outcome of this bill, to Rico. It is a shame that today by process is unfair. but they are wrong to do this to the providing in the commonwealth defini- Let us understand. The gentleman people of Puerto Rico. tion that citizenship is statutory, it is from Mississippi (Mr. WICKER) said that The phony pro-statehood majority shameful, it is a lack of respect to the we already had a referendum. Unfortu- produced by this bill then sets in mo- people of Puerto Rico, it is a lack of re- nately, Mr. Speaker, the problem is it tion a mandatory statehood vote in spect to the men and women who have does not matter what Puerto Rico Congress next year and two more votes died, who have fought defending this does. The whole purpose of this debate in Puerto Rico. But even then, that far country, and it is to say to even the is that the Congress has to give its ap- down the road to statehood, H.R. 856 supporters of the Commonwealth of proval so that Puerto Rico can decide. still does not provide the people of Puerto Rico, you cannot support the They cannot decide now. They never Puerto Rico an up or down vote, a yes Commonwealth of Puerto Rico because had the decision. Those plebiscites or no vote as to whether or not they we will take the citizenship away from were not sanctioned by the United want to become a State. you. This is not about self-determina- States Congress. And because they Why are we so afraid to treat the tion. This is about making Puerto Rico were not sanctioned by the United people of Puerto Rico as we have every the 51st State of the Nation. States Congress, they have no mean- other State that has entered the Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield ing. Why? Because, once again, Puerto Union? This is what we have done to the balance of my time to the gen- Rico is under the territorial clause of every other people who wanted to join tleman who represents the northern the United States Constitution, mean- the Union. We have given them a yes or part of Puerto Rico, that is, Provi- ing until they become a State or until no vote on statehood. Why are people dence, Rhode Island (Mr. KENNEDY). they become an independent nation, now trying to maneuver it so the peo- Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. they cannot choose for themselves. ple of Puerto Rico do not have this op- Speaker, I thank the gentleman from That is why we are putting this bill portunity? Because they know that the Massachusetts (Mr. MOAKLEY) for forward, because we believe they ought people of Puerto Rico, given the oppor- yielding me the time. I appreciate the to be able to decide for themselves. tunity, will vote ‘‘no’’ on statehood. chance to address the point of the gen- That is what this debate is all about. I Mr. Speaker, the fair way to handle tlewoman from New York (Ms. want to commend the gentleman from this is the way we have always done it, VELA´ ZQUEZ) about this bill because it Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), and I want to is to give the people a chance for an up was addressed earlier by the gentleman commend the gentleman from Massa- or down vote. If this is a first step to- from Chicago, Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) chusetts (Mr. MOAKLEY). I want to ward statehood, if this is a first step about the fact that this process was thank them for having this debate and toward treating the Puerto Rican peo- not fair. It is ironic that this process allowing this debate to come on the ple as all other citizens of the United was not fair because it did not include floor. States, they should be treated just as the commonwealth definition. Yet in I need to repeat this. We can argue every other group trying to join the the bill itself, the commonwealth has until we are blue in the face about any United States were treated. H.R. 856 re- an opportunity to vote for the status other issue. Just understand this. Puer- jects the simple, fair way that was quo in this legislation. to Rico is under the territorial clause good enough for everybody else and But let me address the issue that she of the United States Constitution. I am substitutes a skewed ballot with fore- brought up. The reason why this is so a member of the Committee on Re- ordained results. We should not stand awful to the gentlewoman from New sources. The Committee on Resources for this unfair, undemocratic process. York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ) and people of has jurisdiction over territories and We should reject H.R. 856 while accept- Puerto Rican descent is the same rea- commonwealths and Native American ing the rule. son it is awful for people who feel that reservations. Have my colleagues ever Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I yield we ought to have statehood for Puerto heard of that before? It is called the 1 minute to the gentlewoman from New Rico. That is, without statehood the territorial clause. We have to vote on a York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ). people of Puerto Rico are put down. bill to allow the people of Puerto Rico Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 Just as she said, without statehood, the right to make a choice. minute to the gentlewoman from New the people of Puerto Rico can have I am really looking forward to this York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ). their citizenship denied, because it will debate because the fact of the matter The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. be up to this Congress in its constitu- is, if we understand the simple fact PEASE). The gentlewoman from New tional authority, given the fact that that this is simply about giving the York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ) is recognized for Puerto Rico is a territory under the congressional authority to the people 2 minutes. territorial clause of this United States of Puerto Rico so they can make up Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise Constitution, that at any time this their own mind, then I think this de- in strong opposition to the bill. I thank Congress can take away the citizenship bate will become clearer. the gentleman from New York (Mr. of the people of Puerto Rico. At any Let me just conclude by saying with SOLOMON) for providing the only thing time the people of Puerto Rico can respect to English as the mandatory March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H771 language by the Solomon amendment, H.R. 856 (THE UNITED STATES-PUERTO RICO Mr. SOLOMON. I yield to the gen- there will be an amendment to the Sol- POLITICAL STATUS ACT) IS NOT ONLY BAD tleman from Puerto Rico. omon amendment that will allow us to POLICY, IT IS BAD POLITICS Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Speak- treat Puerto Rico, in the event that it Polls you may have heard of urge support for er, I think to deny to yourself and to becomes a State, which I hope it does, H.R. 856 your children and to your people your like any other State in this country. ‘‘[I]t is clear that the key to winning the heritage, to deny your language and Latino vote is to find issues that specifically But the Solomon amendment is very appeal to them. Puerto Rico is just such an who you are, is to deny yourself, your unfair and discriminatory because it issue.’’—Luntz Research Companies, Lan- being. The fact that we want to main- affects the people of Puerto Rico sin- guage of the 21st Century tain Spanish does not mean that we are gularly and it does not apply to the Polls you may not have heard of disagree with going to not want to speak English people of Puerto Rico the same way it Frank Luntz also. What we are asking is, do not im- applies to everyone else in this coun- (1) Hispanics are not uniformly in support pose English only. Let us be bilingual, try. I might add, English is the official of statehood. and let us help the Nation in our rela- language in all the proceedings within tionship with Latin America. government on the island of Puerto SUPPORT FOR STATUS OF PUERTO RICO BY ETHNIC Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, re- Rico. INDICATORS claiming my time, if the gentleman reads the Solomon amendment, the Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I look National origin Nativity Solomon amendment is setting forth forward to the debate with the gen- Status of Puerto Rico Mexi- Puerto Foreign Native into law that for every State of the tleman from Rhode Island on the Solo- can Rican Cuban born born mon amendment. I might also add that Union, all 50 States today, that English Statehood ...... 22.3 27.2 28.6 23.4 27.4 will be the official language of instruc- the gentleman ought to be a little Commonwealth ...... 60.3 69.2 65.3 68.5 55.5 more benevolent in his praise for those Independence ...... 17.3 3.6 6.2 8.1 17.0 tion. That is what it does. who brought this bill to the floor. If this bill becomes law tomorrow, Think about that, when he only men- —de la Garza, Hernandez, Falcon, Garcia and then all 50 States are affected tomor- Garcia, ‘‘Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban tioned the names of YOUNG and MOAK- row by that Solomon amendment. It Foreign Policy Perspectives,’’ Garcia, does not affect Puerto Rico. But if LEY. Pursing Power, 1997. Puerto Rico 2 years or 3 or 4 years from Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 minute to the [In percent] gentlewoman from New York (Ms. now would become a State, then Mexi- Puerto English would be the official language VELA´ ZQUEZ). Preferred status of Puerto Rico Cuban Anglo can Rican of instruction, but it would in no way Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, I just A state ...... 23.9 27.1 35.2 26.4 prohibit a second language of Spanish would like to respond to the gentleman A commonwealth ...... 55.4 69.4 60.7 47.9 or any other language from being Independent ...... 20.7 3.5 4.1 25.7 from Rhode Island (Mr. KENNEDY). taught on the Island of Puerto Rico. The problem with this bill is due —National Latino Political Survey, 1992. That is a fact, and that is what we will process. If we are talking here about (2) Support for Puerto Rico statehood debate here in a few minutes. self-determination, what we are saying among U.S. voters declines as they are told Mr. Speaker, I urge support for this is we are going to provide an open, more about the costs and demands of state- rule would hope there would not be a democratic process for all the political hood vote on it. parties and all the political sectors in Percent Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance Puerto Rico to participate. This legis- U.S. voters favoring statehood for Puerto Rico ...... 65 of my time, and I move the previous lation does not do that. Why, instead of Percentage still in favor after being question on the resolution. writing the definition among the gen- told English and Spanish would The previous question was ordered. tleman from California (Mr. MILLER), share equal status in Puerto Rico .. 55 The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. (Mason-Dixon Research, 1997. Note: Mason PEASE). The question is on the resolu- YOUNG) and the gentleman from Puerto Dixon did not mention that roughly 60 per- tion. Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ). cent of the residents of the island of Puerto The question was taken; and the In fact the president of the Popular Rico, according to its Governor, Rafael Her- Speaker pro tempore announced that Democratic Party knew about the new nandez Colon, speak little or no English. the ayes appeared to have it. Other estimates place this figure at the 80% definition when he was approached by a level. Nor did they mention that statehood Mr. WICKER. Mr. Speaker, I object reporter in Puerto Rico. The definition would cost the taxpayers as much as $4 bil- to the vote on the ground that a was rewritten when El Nuevo Dia, the lion annually, according to the General Ac- quorum is not present and make the largest newspaper in Puerto Rico, pub- counting Office.) point of order that a quorum is not lished a poll that said that 75 percent b 1145 present. of the people of Puerto Rico favored a The SPEAKER pro tempore. Evi- commonwealth option to be included in Mr. Speaker, this whole debate is dently a quorum is not present. this bill. going to boil down to a statement The Sergeant at Arms will notify ab- which was made by one of the most re- sent Members. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield spected Members of this body, the gen- myself such time as I may consume. The vote was taken by electronic de- tleman from Puerto Rico (Commis- vice, and there were—yeas 370, nays 41, Let me be brief so we can get on with ´ sioner ROMERO-BARCELO), in his book, not voting 19, as follows: the debate on the bill. when he said, ‘‘As I have stated many [Roll No. 27] I would like to point out that there other times, our language and our cul- are those that think that some people ture are not negotiable.’’ YEAS—370 are pandering for the Hispanic vote. I Mr. Speaker, that is a very, very true Abercrombie Bereuter Brown (CA) would just like to point out that in the Ackerman Berman Brown (FL) statement. This entire debate that will Allen Berry Brown (OH) national Latino poll back in 1992, take place over the next 7 or 8 hours Andrews Bilbray Bunning which is the last official poll on record, will set forth the principle that any Armey Bilirakis Burr that the Mexican-American people in State that will be brought into this Baesler Bishop Burton the United States of America that live Baker Blagojevich Buyer Union, as all previous States before, Baldacci Bliley Callahan here opposed statehood by 55.4 percent. will come under the exact same laws as Ballenger Blumenauer Calvert In other words, they were supporting a every other State in the Nation. That Barcia Blunt Camp commonwealth. The Cuban-American Barr Boehlert Campbell means that they will have no special Barrett (NE) Boehner Canady people supported commonwealth by 60 national anthem, they will have no Barrett (WI) Bonilla Cannon percent. And the Puerto Rican people special flag, they will have no special Bartlett Bonior Cardin supported commonwealth by 69 per- Olympic team; they will be the same as Barton Borski Castle cent. I just wanted to get that in. I sub- Bass Boswell Chambliss every other State in this union. Bateman Boucher Christensen mit this poll for the RECORD. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Speak- Becerra Boyd Clay The document referred to follows: er, will the gentleman yield? Bentsen Brady Clayton H772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Clement Hoyer Ortiz Walsh Weldon (FL) Wolf more flexible penalty procedure for Clyburn Hulshof Owens Waters Weldon (PA) Woolsey Coble Hunter Oxley Watkins Wexler Wynn States that violate interjurisdictional Coburn Hutchinson Packard Watt (NC) Weygand Yates adoption requirements, which was re- Collins Hyde Pallone Watts (OK) White Young (AK) ferred to the House Calendar and or- Combest Inglis Pappas Waxman Wise Young (FL) dered to be printed. Condit Jackson (IL) Parker NAYS—41 Conyers Jackson-Lee Pascrell f Cook (TX) Pastor Aderholt Hefley Riley Cooksey Jefferson Paul Archer Hilleary Rogers Cox John Paxon Bachus Istook Royce UNITED STATES-PUERTO RICO Coyne Johnson (CT) Payne Bryant Jenkins Salmon POLITICAL STATUS ACT Cramer Johnson (WI) Pease Carson Jones Schaffer, Bob Crapo Johnson, E. B. Pelosi Chabot Kingston Sensenbrenner The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Cubin Johnson, Sam Peterson (MN) Costello LaHood Sessions PEASE). Pursuant to House Resolution Cummings Kanjorski Peterson (PA) Crane Latham Smith, Linda Cunningham Kaptur Pickering Duncan Lewis (KY) Spence 376 and rule XXIII, the Chair declares Danner Kasich Pickett Emerson Metcalf Wamp the House in the Committee of the Davis (FL) Kelly Pitts Goode Norwood Weller Whole House on the State of the Union Davis (IL) Kennedy (MA) Pombo Goodling Obey Whitfield for the consideration of the bill, H.R. Davis (VA) Kennelly Pomeroy Graham Petri Wicker Deal Kildee Porter Hall (TX) Regula 856. Kilpatrick DeFazio Portman NOT VOTING—19 DeGette Kim Price (NC) b 1212 Delahunt Kind (WI) Pryce (OH) Chenoweth Kennedy (RI) Shimkus DeLauro King (NY) Quinn Doolittle Luther Stark IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE DeLay Kleczka Radanovich Ewing Poshard Tiahrt Accordingly, the House resolved Deutsch Klink Rahall Frank (MA) Rogan Torres Diaz-Balart Klug Ramstad Gibbons Ros-Lehtinen Towns itself into the Committee of the Whole Dickey Knollenberg Rangel Gonzalez Scarborough House on the State of the Union for the Dicks Kolbe Redmond Harman Schiff consideration of the bill (H.R. 856) to Dingell Kucinich Reyes provide a process leading to full self- Dixon LaFalce Riggs b 1209 government for Puerto Rico, with Mr. Doggett Lampson Rivers Messrs. ARCHER, GRAHAM, Dooley Lantos Rodriguez DIAZ-BALART in the chair. Doyle Largent Roemer HEFLEY and RILEY changed their The Clerk read the title of the bill. Dreier LaTourette Rohrabacher vote from ‘‘yea’’ to ‘‘nay.’’ The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the Dunn Lazio Rothman Ms. DELAURO changed her vote from rule, the bill is considered as having Edwards Leach Roukema ‘‘nay’’ to ‘‘yea.’’ Ehlers Levin Roybal-Allard been read the first time. Ehrlich Lewis (CA) Rush So the resolution was agreed to. Under the rule, the gentleman from Engel Lewis (GA) Ryun The result of the vote was announced Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), the gentleman English Linder Sabo as above recorded. from California (Mr. MILLER), the gen- Ensign Lipinski Sanchez A motion to reconsider was laid on Eshoo Livingston Sanders tleman from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) Etheridge LoBiondo Sandlin the table. and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Lofgren Evans Sanford f 1 Everett Lowey Sawyer GUTIERREZ) each will control 22 ⁄2 min- Farr Lucas Saxton PERSONAL EXPLANATION utes. Fattah Maloney (CT) Schaefer, Dan The Chair recognizes the gentleman Fawell Maloney (NY) Schumer Mr. ROGAN. Mr. Speaker, on rollcall No. from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG). Fazio Manton Scott 27, I was inadvertertly detained. Had I been Filner Manzullo Serrano (Mr. YOUNG of Alaska asked and was Foley Markey Shadegg present, I would have voted ``aye.'' given permission to revise and extend Forbes Martinez Shaw f his remarks.) Ford Mascara Shays Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- Fossella Matsui Sherman REPORT ON RESOLUTION PROVID- man, I yield myself such time as I may Fowler McCarthy (MO) Shuster ING FOR CONSIDERATION OF Fox McCarthy (NY) Sisisky consume. H.R. 2369, WIRELESS PRIVACY Franks (NJ) McCollum Skaggs Mr. Chairman, this is a very histori- Frelinghuysen McCrery Skeen ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1998 Frost McDade Skelton cal moment, one that is long overdue. Furse McDermott Slaughter Ms. PRYCE of Ohio, from the Com- In debate on the rule, there were some Gallegly McGovern Smith (MI) mittee on Rules, submitted a privi- statements made that I think should Ganske McHale Smith (NJ) leged report (Rept. No. 105–427) on the Gejdenson McHugh Smith (OR) be clarified before I go into the full Gekas McInnis Smith (TX) resolution (H. Res. 377) providing for text of my presentation today, why I Gephardt McIntosh Smith, Adam consideration of the bill (H.R. 2369) to support this legislation. Gilchrest McIntyre Snowbarger amend the Communications Act of 1934 The Northern Marianas were men- Gillmor McKeon Snyder Gilman McKinney Solomon to strengthen and clarify prohibitions tioned and other territories were men- Goodlatte McNulty Souder on electronic eavesdropping, and for tioned, and how they came into this Gordon Meehan Spratt other purposes, which was referred to great united part of our United States, Goss Meek (FL) Stabenow the House Calendar and ordered to be Granger Meeks (NY) Stearns even as territories are separate govern- Green Menendez Stenholm printed. ments. But, for instance, the Northern Greenwood Mica Stokes f Marianas, the Government of the Gutierrez Millender- Strickland United States and the Government of Gutknecht McDonald Stump REPORT ON RESOLUTION PROVID- Hall (OH) Miller (CA) Stupak the Northern Marianas will consult Hamilton Miller (FL) Sununu ING FOR CONSIDERATION OF regularly on all matters affecting the Hansen Minge Talent H.R. 3130, CHILD SUPPORT PER- relationship between them. At the re- Hastert Mink Tanner FORMANCE AND INCENTIVE ACT quest of either government, and not Hastings (FL) Moakley Tauscher OF 1998 Hastings (WA) Mollohan Tauzin less frequently than every 10 years Hayworth Moran (KS) Taylor (MS) Ms. PRYCE of Ohio, from the Com- there shall be an additional consulta- Hefner Moran (VA) Taylor (NC) mittee on Rules, submitted a privi- tion taken. Herger Morella Thomas Hill Murtha Thompson leged report (Rept. No. 105–428) on the Mr. Chairman, over 100 years ago, Hilliard Myrick Thornberry resolution (H. Res. 378) providing for this Congress was passionately discuss- Hinchey Nadler Thune consideration of the bill (H.R. 3130) to ing the 400-year-old colonial grip that Hinojosa Neal Thurman Hobson Nethercutt Tierney provide for an alternative penalty pro- Spain had on the islands adjacent to Hoekstra Neumann Traficant cedure for States that fail to meet Fed- and south of Florida. Just over 2 weeks Holden Ney Turner eral child support data processing re- earlier, on February 15, 266 American Hooley Northup Upton quirements, to reform Federal incen- servicemen lost their lives in Havana Horn Nussle Velazquez Hostettler Oberstar Vento tive payments for effective child sup- harbor with the explosion of the United Houghton Olver Visclosky port performance, and to provide for a States warship, the Maine. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H773 b 1215 ment for the first half of this century, Mr. Chairman, about the same time The monument to these gallant mean culminating with the authorization in as President Bush requested Congress stands highest above all else in Arling- 1950 for the process of a development of authorize a political status referendum ton National Monument. Many others a local constitutional government. in Puerto Rico, the three presidents of lost their lives in the ensuing Spanish- By 1952, Congress conditionally ap- the three principal political status par- American War amid the cries of ‘‘Re- proved a draft constitution submitted ties in Puerto Rico asked Congress to member the Maine.’’ But why? by the legislature of Puerto Rico. After help resolve Puerto Rico’s political This Congress declared war and sent those changes were made by Puerto status, as Puerto Rico has never been Americans in harm’s way in the de- Rico, the new constitutional govern- formally consulted as to their choice of fense of the sacred ideal: self-deter- ment of the territory became effective ultimate political status. mination. America won the war, and under the name declared by the con- While Congress has yet to formally assumed sovereignty over Cuba, Puerto stitutional convention as the Common- respond to the request of the President, Rico, and some of Spain’s Pacific pos- wealth of Puerto Rico. the leaders of Puerto Rico, and the pe- sessions. All but one are no longer ter- The establishment of local constitu- titions of the Americans in Puerto ritories. Only Puerto Rico still stands, tional self-government did not alter Rico, this bill will do just what has after 100 years, a territory. Congress’ constitutional responsibility been asked by the people of Puerto Mr. Chairman, Congress promptly de- under the Territorial Clause for Puerto Rico in numerous years and numerous livered on its promise of self-deter- Rico. However, it was under the first times by the president of the Senate, mination to the people of Cuba by pro- years of the commonwealth that Presi- by the Presidents in the past in their viding for a process which permitted dent Eisenhower established the Eisen- platforms. Cuba to become a separate sovereign hower Doctrine regarding Puerto Rico The United States-Puerto Rico Polit- after a few brief years. which is still in effect today and is re- ical Status Act, H.R. 856, establishes in In contrast, the Rough Rider who had flected in the United States-Puerto Federal law for the first time a process charged up San Juan Hill to ensure the Rico Political Status Act. to resolve Puerto Rico’s political sta- After the local constitutional govern- United States’ victory in the Caribbean tus. I remind my colleagues it will not ment of Puerto Rico was established, had become President of the United happen overnight, regardless of what Puerto Rico was removed from the States and urged Congress to grant we do here today. This is just a process United Nations’ decolonization list, United States citizenship to the people that will take place. prompting questions as to whether of Puerto Rico in his 1905 State of the My colleague who was speaking on Puerto Rico was still a territory under Union address. Quote, ‘‘I earnestly ad- the rule said that the public is not the sovereignty of the United States vocate the adoption of legislation aware of this action today. May I re- and subject to the authority of Con- which will explicitly confer American mind my colleagues that if we were to gress. President Eisenhower, a Repub- citizenship on all citizens of Puerto pass this bill today, and I hope we do lican, acted decisively by sending a Rico. There is, in my judgment, no ex- pass this bill today, it must be passed message to the United Nations that he cuse for the failure to do this.’’ by the Senate and the people of Puerto I believe President Teddy Roosevelt’s recommended that the United States Rico must also pass it in 1998. It comes words are even more true today to this Congress grant Puerto Rico separate back to the Congress in 1999, and by bill as when he spoke them in 1905. sovereignty if requested by the Puerto Our fellow Americans in Puerto Rico, Ricans through the legislature of Puer- 1999 we again in Congress must act. We now numbering some 4 million, have to Rico. must pass a bill approving the transi- been loyal to this Nation and have val- While the legislature has never peti- tional stage. Then it goes back to the iantly fought in every major conflict. tioned for separate sovereignty, the people of Puerto Rico. And, by the way, We have all benefited in ways that can- legislature sent joint resolutions to the start of the transition period be- not be calculated from the bravery, the Congress in 1993, 1994, and 1997 request- gins in the year 2000. loyalty, and the patriotism of over ing congressional action. Keep that in But this more than anything else is a 200,000 Americans from Puerto Rico mind, because I have heard time and bill that establishes the right to deter- who have served in our Nation’s Armed again that the Congress, by doing this, mine for the first time in 100 years Forces. is dictating to the Puerto Rican people. their self-determination. It is a fair It is clear that a heavy price has been But the legislature sent to this Con- and balanced process that has been de- paid by Puerto Rico for this country, gress in 1993, 1994, 1997 requesting con- veloped with an enormous amount of which has yet to fully deliver on the gressional action to define the political input. Mr. Chairman, I resent certain promise of the U.S. General Miles when status and establish a process to re- Members saying that this has not been he landed in Puerto Rico 100 years ago solve, establish the process to resolve fair. We asked all of those people in- this year: Puerto Rico’s political status dilemma. volved, all three parties, to submit ‘‘In the continuation of the war Although in recent years the Puerto what their definition should be in this against the Kingdom of Spain by the Rican legislature formally requested bill. We have in my substitute recog- people of the United States, in the the Congress to resolve Puerto Rico’s nized commonwealth. We recognize cause of freedom, justice and human- political status, U.S. citizens in Puerto independence. We set forth a process ity, their military forces have come to Rico had been advocating action for which will create a State. occupy the island of Puerto Rico. They over a decade. I remember the submis- Mr. Chairman, if it does become a come bearing the flag of freedom. They sion to Congress in 1985 to 1987 of over State, I am one of the few people, along bring you the encouraging strength of 350,000 individually signed petitions for with the gentleman from Hawaii (Mr. a Nation of free people whose greatest full citizenship rights. This incredible ABERCROMBIE) that has gone through power consists of justice and humanity grassroots effort was led by Dr. Miriam this process. for all those who live in their commu- Ramirez of the nonprofit, nonpartisan I have heard some statements here nity. The principal objective will be to civic organization, Puerto Ricans in today about English language only. give the people of your beautiful island Civic Action. When Alaska became a State, that was the largest extent of freedom possible. Mr. Chairman I believe this initiative not a requirement. We had 52 different We have not come to wage war, but to influenced the then president of the dialects in Alaska. People speak bring protection, not just for you but Senate to include in his first State of English. They also speak many other for your property, in order to promote the Union address as President on Feb- languages. It was not a requirement. your prosperity and in order to obtain ruary 9, 1989, the following request: Hawaii has two official languages. for you the privileges and the blessings ‘‘I’ve long believed the people of Puerto They have English and Hawaiian. New of our government. It is not our pur- Rico should have their right to deter- Mexico has two official languages, pose to interfere with any of the laws mine their own political future. Per- English and Spanish. and customs present that are wise and sonally, I strongly favor statehood. But The concept of the amendments that beneficial.’’ I urge the Congress to take the nec- will be offered to this bill, especially The Congress provided Puerto Rico essary steps to allow the people to de- the amendment of the gentleman from with increasing levels of self-govern- cide in a referendum.’’ New York (Mr. SOLOMON), he is my H774 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 good friend and we talk about what the House of Representatives had an under the national sovereignty of the good friends we are, it is a poison pill obligation to report to this floor a fair United States. It is the policy of the amendment. America is a melting pot. and accurate plan for the citizens of Congress that this relationship should It is a group of people coming together Puerto Rico to choose their status. I only be dissolved by mutual consent. under one flag. We all speak different believe that this committee has met That is the situation that we have. languages at different times. Some of that obligation. We went on to say that in the exer- us are more fortunate to speak more Mr. Chairman I thank the gentleman cise of the sovereignty, the laws of the than one language, but we must always from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), chairman of commonwealth shall govern Puerto recognize the cohesive part of the the committee, for leading us through Rico to the extent that they are con- United States, and that is being an what has been a difficult process. I also sistent with the Constitution of the American. English will come. But to thank the gentleman from Puerto Rico United States. There is no other way to pick out one part of this bill and to say (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ), our friend, for do business, consistent with the Con- this is a requirement before it ever all of his help in this process. stitution of the United States, treaties happens is a poison pill amendment to Mr. Chairman, the people of Puerto and laws of the United States, and the this legislation. Rico, if this bill is passed, will be given Congress retains its constitutional au- Let us talk about history again. This the opportunity by the Congress of the thority to enact laws that it deems is the last territory of the greatest de- United States under the laws of this necessary relating to Puerto Rico. mocracy, America. A territory where Nation to choose their status. They That is the burden of commonwealth. no one has a true voice, although our can choose to continue in the common- That is why some people do not like it. government does an excellent job, but wealth arrangement, they could choose Some people would prefer independence there are approximately 4 million to become an independent nation, they over commonwealth, and some people Puerto Ricans that have one voice that could choose to become one of the would prefer statehood. There is a cer- cannot vote. This is not America as I States of the United States of America. tain burden to commonwealth. We can- know it. This is an America that talks Our obligation was to see that when not pretend that there is not. But the one thing and walks another thing. this process went forward to the people people of Puerto Rico ought to be able This is an America that is saying, if of Puerto Rico, that it was a fair proc- to choose that. They have to be able to Members do not accept this legislation, ess, that it was an accurate process. We choose the status that they want. That is what this legislation does. It ‘‘no’’ to who I think are some of the had had an earlier plebiscite where the enables the people of Puerto Rico to greatest Americans that have ever parties wrote their own definitions and make their choice; not our choice, served in our armed forces and are the people voted, and the Congress has their choice. And hopefully under this proud to be Americans but do not have done nothing because the Congress legislation, the Congress would then the representation that they need. knew in fact those definitions, whether honor that choice after the President This legislation is just the beginning. they were of statehood or of common- and others have worked out a plan to It is one small step of many steps. It is wealth, were, in fact, not accurate and enable that choice to go forward. That a step for freedom, it is a small step for would not be supported by the Congress is what this legislation does. Nothing justice, it is a small step for America. of the United States and did not reflect more, nothing less. But collectively it is a great stride for the laws and the Constitution of this I think it is an important piece of democracy and for justice. country. legislation. I think it is recognized This legislation should pass. The In the committee, I was very dis- that the people of Puerto Rico are enti- amendment of the gentleman from New traught at beginning of this process be- tled to and must have a free and fair York (MR. SOLOMON) should be de- cause I felt that those who support vote on this matter. I would hope that feated. We should go forth and show commonwealth were not able to my colleagues would support this legis- the people of America, show the people present their definition to the Con- lation to allow that to happen. of Puerto Rico, that our hearts are gress, to the committee. I worked very Mr. Chairman, the House today considers true, so that the rest of the world will hard so that that definition could be H.R. 856, a complex bill that has, at its core, follow the example of the great United offered. I offered that definition. It was a very basic concept: the right of a free people States and free their territories and turned down overwhelming on a bipar- to determine the political system under which free the people so they can have self- tisan basis. It was something called they live. determination. This is what this bill ‘‘enhanced commonwealth.’’ It was sort Puerto Rico has been a part of the United does, and that is all it does. of a make-believe status of common- States for a century. Its residents, whether Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance wealth. they live in San Juan, Mayaguez, New York or of my time. b 1230 San Francisco, are United States citizens. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- H.R. 856 gives those 4 million Americans the man, I yield 30 seconds to the gen- The suggestion was that if you voted right to decide their future status relationship tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- for commonwealth, you would then be to the rest of the United States: to become an BARCELO´ ). empowered to pick your way through independent nation, to become a state, or to ´ Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- the Constitution of the United States remain in commonwealth status. man, I would love to be able to speak and the laws of the United States and Unlike some of my colleagues who have for 30 minutes, an hour or two hours on pick and choose which laws you wanted worked on this issue over the past decade, I this subject, but there are so many to apply and not have apply, and that do not have a personal preference. I believe other people that want to speak on this you did not have to live under the status should be determined by the governed. subject, and many of my colleagues power of the Congress of the United Our obligation is to present fair and accurate have heard me over and over on this, States or of the Constitution of the status options to the voters of Puerto RicoÐ that I am going to yield some of the United States. That simply was unac- options that reflect Constitutional and political time that I would have been allotted so ceptable to the overwhelming majority realityÐand to honor the choice made by a that other Members of this Congress of the committee. I believe it is unac- majority of the voters. can address the House in support of ceptable to the overwhelming majority During much of the consideration of this leg- this bill which is a very, very impor- of this House. Someone can certainly islation by the Resources Committee in this tant bill for the people of Puerto Rico, come forward and offer that amend- Congress and the previous Congress, I could for the 3,800,000 U.S. citizens in Puerto ment this afternoon, should they not support the legislation because I did not Rico. choose, and I believe it would clearly believe that the very sizeable number of Puer- Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- be unacceptable to the people of this to Rican voters who support the Common- man, I yield myself 41⁄2 minutes. country. wealth option were treated fairly. Originally, (Mr. MILLER of California asked and So what we put forth is a definition this bill did not even contain any Common- was given permission to revise and ex- of commonwealth that recognizes their wealth option. tend his remarks.) current status today, that they live in But I am pleased to say that Chairman Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- a commonwealth arrangement. It says YOUNG worked closely with me and with oth- man, the Committee on Resources of Puerto Rico is joined in relationship ers to ensure that each of the political parties March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H775 was heard, and that we ultimately agreed on the size of the House permanently when other they are a part is prepared to hear their views definitions that are fair and accurate. They are multi-Member territories were admitted in the and respond to their desires. That we will included in Mr. YOUNG's substitute, and I sup- 19th and early 20th century. stand by our historic and legal tradition that in- port that substitute strongly. There are those who argue that Puerto Rico clusion in America is not dependent on one's Rarely have we seen more intense lobbying would cost the federal government money background or ethnicity, but on a common al- on an issue. It is obvious that opinions are di- were it to become a state. I would hope that legiance to this nation and its Constitution. vided on Puerto Rico's status and on this leg- the financial status of citizens would not be an After being a part of the United States for 100 islation. But let them address some of the mis- issue in determining whether they are ac- years, after sending its sons to war five times conceptions and misrepresentations that are corded the full rights of citizenship. I thought in this century, it is time that this Congress being circulated about this bill, because Mem- we had resolved that issue by declaring the recognized the right of Puerto Rico to deter- bers should not be confused and should not poll tax and properly ownership unconstitu- mine its future in a democratic fashion. That is be deceived into voting on this subject based tional. And we should be careful about apply- the purpose and the policy contained in H.R. on inaccuracies. ing such a standard: as of FY 1996, 29 856, and I call on the House today to pass No one in this Chamber is more qualified statesÐmore than halfÐreceived more federal this bill, and defeat the divisive Solomon than I to speak about how we addressed the expenditures than they paid in taxes. Let's not amendment. Commonwealth issue. I so strongly advocated impose a standard on Puerto Rico that we Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield inclusion of a Commonwealth option that I was wouldn't apply to other states. myself such time as I may consume. accused of being pro-Commonwealth. The I also have noted some questions as to why In April of 1775, hundreds of brave definition of Commonwealth supplied by that the bill calls for periodic referenda should ei- men stormed the bridges of Lexington party, which is similar in many respects to the ther permanent statusÐindependence or and Concord, setting in motion a revo- definition on the ballot during the 1993 ref- statehoodÐnot be selected. Let us be clear lutionary struggle for liberty that cul- erendum in Puerto Rico, is not accurate and that the bill authorizes additional referenda, it minated in my hometown of Saratoga, New York, in the greatest victory for is not acceptable to the Congress. It is not ac- does not mandate them. The purpose of the individual freedom and democracy in ceptable that Puerto Rico would be eligible for referenda is to determine a permanent status, all of human history. That blood- full participation in all federal programs without and commonwealth is generally recognized stained victory of our forefathers has paying taxes; it is not acceptable that Puerto not to meet that test. Should the voters of left the legacy that you and I and all of Rico would pick and choose which federal Puerto Rico decide to continue as a common- us call America. laws apply on the island; it is not acceptable wealth, they could do so indefinitely. Liberty and justice and democracy, Lastly, let me address what has unfortu- that Puerto Rico would be free to make its these are words that do more than de- own foreign treaties. nately become a centerpiece of this debate: scribe our Nation’s ideals and prin- I appreciate that this is what the supporters whether we should, in this legislation, mandate ciples. They are the very essence of of ``enhanced Commonwealth'' want. But the English as the official national language. this country of ours. These ideals are The House voted on that legislation in 1996; Congress is not prepared to give such unprec- able to thrive and to dominate the po- the leadership could bring it before the full edented rights to Puerto Rico while denying litical and economic landscapes of the them to every state in the Union. Neverthe- House again at any time. But this is not the United States because of the people’s less, I offered that definition in the Resources time or place to do it. The Solomon amend- devotion to its unit as a Nation, to an Committee so that it would be clear what is ment declares English to be the national lan- idea that there is something unique, and is not acceptable to the Congress. It was guage, but it imposes a series of additional something distinct about being an overwhelmingly, and bipartisanly, defeated. unconstitutional burdens on the people of American. And Congress should not offer an option to Puerto Rico, requiring that ``all communica- Throughout my military service, my the voters of Puerto Rico that we are not pre- tions with the federal government by the gov- small-business career and the last 31 pared to embrace. ernment or people of Puerto Rico shall be in years in public office, I have dedicated The definition of Puerto Rico now included English''; requiring that ``English will be the my life to further the principles of in the substitute by Mr. YOUNG may not be sole official language of all federal government freedom and democracy and self-deter- utopian, but it is historically and Constitu- activities in Puerto Rico''; imposing English as mination throughout this world. Like tionally accurate. the ``language of instruction in public schools.'' all of my colleagues, I have been There are some who argue that this bill is We don't need to single out Puerto Rico like blessed to live in this most free and unfair because it fails to recognize that Puerto this, to inflame this debate and insult the 500- democratic Nation in the world, and Rico is a ``nation.'' Puerto Rico, like many year-old culture of 4 million Americans. We sometimes you ought to travel over- other areas of the United States, has a unique have a reasonable alternative amendment that seas into the former Soviet Union and history and unique culture; that is in part what is going to be introduced by Congressmen see how much they respect this democ- makes our country so remarkable and endur- DAN BURTON, BILL MCCOLLUM, DON YOUNG racy of ours. It was a product of blood ing. But Puerto Rico is not a nation in any and myself that takes a different, and fairer, and sweat and commitment to prin- sense under U.S. law or international law. Our approach. The Clinton Administration supports ciple, of those who have gone before us. refusal to recognize Puerto Rico as a ``nation'' our substitute. While serving in the United States in H.R. 856 is not a slight; it is accurate. Our amendment says Puerto Rico, if it be- Marine Corps during the Korean era, I There are some who oppose this bill be- comes a state, will be treated exactly like was privileged to serve side by side cause they do not want America to ``wake up every other state. If Congress decides that with so many Puerto Rican Americans, tomorrow'' and find out Puerto Rico is going to English is to be the official language and great people, great personal friends of be the 51st state. This bill provides for a plebi- passes a comprehensive law to that effect, mine, and to be stationed for a time on scite to choose among three options, only one then Puerto Rico will be covered Just like the island of Viacus in Puerto Rico of which is statehood. Even if that option is every other state. But let's not single out Puer- where I made some of my closest chosen, there is a transition period of up to a to Rico in a divisive and unconstitutional man- friendships that today still exist, and decade during which a plan for achieving ner for special treatment. during that time I was able to gain a statehood would be developed, and then Our amendment also calls for Puerto Rico personal affection for the people of voted on in the Congress and in Puerto Rico. to promote the teaching of English because Puerto Rico and for their love of lib- And Congress also will vote on an admissions that language is clearly the language that al- erty and their distinct culture. As a re- act. So no one should be under a lows for the fullest participation in all aspects sult Puerto Rico and its people hold a misimpression that this legislation railroads of American life. And we call for inclusion in very warm space in my heart. statehood. any transition plan of proposals and incentives Today the House considers a bill Some have raised concerns that admitting for promoting English proficiency in the which may lead to a dramatic and per- Puerto Rico at some point in the future will schools and elsewhere in Puerto Rico. Surely, manent change in the lives of these cost some states seats in this House. I per- we can reasonably address this issue in an U.S. citizens. It is billed by its support- sonally support increasing the size of the equitable manner without passing a ers as a bill to permanently resolve the House to 441 seats to accommodate the 6 confrontational and unfair insult to our fellow political status of Puerto Rico through new seats Puerto Rico would occupy. In any countrymen and women. a process of self-determination. But event, that is a statutory decision to be made The time has come to tell the people of however lofty and worthy the objec- by the Congress, just as Congress increased Puerto Rico that the rest of the nation of which tives of this bill, it is a flawed measure H776 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 that flips the very principles of self-de- Mr. Chairman, back in 1990, the last sition bill. Within 5 days of the receipt termination and democracy on their time this House considered similar leg- of that bill, the majority leaders of the heads, Mr. Chairman. In establishing a islation, all of the parties were sup- House and the Senate are required to self-determination process for Puerto portive of the process and supported introduce the bill. And within 120 days Rico, Congress, under the U.S. Con- that bill because it was a fair bill. I of introduction, a vote occurs on the stitution, must answer to two distinct voted for it. It sailed through the bill on the floor of this House of Rep- yet equally important interests, my House under suspension of the rules resentatives, which could happen next colleagues should listen to this, the only to be stalled in the other body. July or August or September or Octo- citizens of Puerto Rico and the citizens Today we debate a controversial bill ber or November or December of 1999. of the United States. I believe this bill not just here in the United States, but That is how close this is. as currently drafted fails to answer to also in Puerto Rico. In essence, this bill sets up a process either interest, either the Puerto Rican One final comment on this bill’s self- whereby the citizens of Puerto Rico are citizens or the American citizens on determination problems, Mr. Chair- forced to vote until they choose state- this mainland, for this bill actually man. As this bill currently stands, it hood, and then the process kicks in to violates self-determination. Read the requires Puerto Rico permanently to high gear under expedited procedures conference, read the report of this bill hold this referendum every 10 years as I have just outlined. which was authored by the gentleman until statehood gets 50 percent plus 1. Yes, it is true that it may take up to from California (Mr. MILLER). Then the transition and implementa- 10 years, as the bill says, for the proc- I strongly support allowing the citi- tion process begins. Since the current ess to run its course, but the bulk of zens of Puerto Rico to vote on the fu- support for independence hovers the actual process occurs up front, and ture of their political status. In fact, around 5 percent and for statehood Members had better understand it. they actually do not need to get per- around 45 percent, the likely outcome The most serious constitutional res- mission from this Congress of the of a forced decennial vote seems likely ervation of this bill involves the treat- United States to do so. In fact, they al- ment of the rights enjoyed by the peo- to be statehood with hardly half the ready did in 1952, in 1967, and again in ple of Puerto Rico currently under the population supporting it. 1993. However, I firmly believe that in This bill also contains certain con- commonwealth status. The ballot con- order for a political process to deliver stitutional pitfalls. Mr. Chairman, tained in the bill states that Congress self-determination, it must always Members should listen carefully to may determine which rights under the allow for the participation of all of its what I am about to say because their United States Constitution are guaran- citizens, not just some. This bill as cur- constituents want to know this. Under teed to the people of Puerto Rico. rently drafted not only requires, but This statement is wrong at several this bill, if the citizens of Puerto Rico listen to this, it demands that Puerto levels. First, it rests upon the remark- choose statehood in the first referen- Rico hold a plebiscite before the end of able proposition that Congress has the this year, 1998. Who are we to tell dum, the constitutional protections authority to deprive the people of them? In that referendum the citizens given States begin to apply to Puerto Puerto Rico of any and all of their con- of Puerto Rico will be asked to choose Rico upon the President’s submission stitutional rights. This provision of between commonwealth, between sepa- of a transition plan taking Puerto Rico this bill is demonstrably false, Mr. rate sovereignty and statehood. This from commonwealth to statehood. Chairman, because even Puerto Rico, if What this means is that the process seems to be simple enough. However, it were an unincorporated territory, of integrating Puerto Rico into this Mr. Chairman, there is a catch to it. the people of Puerto Rico would be still Members of this House should be Union begins with a vote of the transi- guaranteed fundamental constitutional aware that the Statehood Party of tion bill. Members better remember rights. That is why so many people in Puerto Rico supports the ballot defini- that. According to the Supreme Court Puerto Rico support commonwealth. tion of statehood in this bill, and the in Balzac v. People of Puerto Rico, way The description of the citizenship Puerto Rican Independence Party sup- back in 1922, once the process of inte- rights of Puerto Rico is similarly ports the ballot definition of independ- gration begins, it is very difficult to re- flawed. It states that Puerto Ricans ence in this bill. However, the Com- verse, and we will not reverse it. are merely statutory citizens and im- monwealth Party, the party that actu- The catch with this provision is that plies that their citizenship may be re- ally won every past referendum on po- under this bill, Congress will be re- voked by Congress. Well, the people of litical status, does not support the def- quired to vote on this transition plan Puerto Rico are United States citizens inition of commonwealth in this bill. as early as early next year. While Puer- within the meaning of the 14th amend- And ask yourself why not? to Rico may not officially join the ment. Get the amendment out. Read it. In fact, the definition of common- Union for another 5 or 6 or 7 or 10 The 14th amendment. These points wealth was written not just once but years, the vote to begin the admissions were clearly enunciated yesterday by twice by the supporters of the state- process could take place as early as our colleague, the chairman of the hood option without the approval of next year, and there would be no turn- House Committee on the Judiciary, the vast majority of the people in ing back at that point. Subcommittee on the Constitution. We Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth Such a voting strategy is almost have it over here, if Members want to Party. What this means is that the identical to that done when we gave read it. largest political party in Puerto Rico away the Panama Canal to Panama Third and finally, this bill fails to is faced with a grave choice under this and when Great Britain gave Hong clearly lay out how assimilation would bill. They can either choose to cam- Kong back to China. Members better occur under the bill for either Puerto paign, to support, to vote for a ballot start thinking about that because their Rico or the United States, and this is definition that directly contradicts the constituents are thinking about it. A the most important part of this entire very premise of their political party’s vote to do it occurs now, while it actu- debate. As I stated earlier, I have a existence, or they cannot participate in ally changes hands sometime in the fu- great deal of respect for the pride and the referendum. They have chosen not ture. That is what we are voting on for the culture of the people of Puerto to participate, and that is a terrible here today. Rico. They are wonderful people. I be- shame. Mr. Chairman, our constituents want lieve, as do many of my colleagues, So first and foremost, the House is to know, they want us to listen and to that Puerto Rico is a nation, it is debating a measure designed to deter- be careful about this. With the referen- unique and distinct in its own right, mine Puerto Rico’s political status in dum required to be held before the end and Puerto Rico has every right to pre- which one of the three local political of this year, this bill requires the serve and enhance this rich heritage of parties, in fact the largest in Puerto President to send Congress transition culture and history. That is their right. Rico, will not even participate. How is legislation within 180 days of that ref- But if the citizens of Puerto Rico that going to take an accurate and erendum. That means if that referen- freely choose to seek statehood, they democratic measure of the political dum is held in December, as late as De- should understand clearly, and I think choices of those 3.8 million U.S. citi- cember of this year, within 180 days the my good friend the gentleman from Il- zens there? The fact is, it is not. President is ordered to send us a tran- linois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) made this point March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H777 earlier, what are the assimilation ex- and the American people deserve to the Commonwealth party learned pectations of the American people, of know the ramifications of each of those about the bill’s definition of Common- the 260 million Americans in this coun- options. Until this bill becomes an ac- wealth from a reporter. try? Puerto Rico deserves a clear, con- tual self-determination bill, passes In fact, the statehood party had to cise and direct discussion of these constitutional muster in all of its com- rewrite the Commonwealth definition issues. They have not had that. They ponents, and fundamentally addresses after a poll in a major Puerto Rican do not know what the assimilation the issue of assimilation, I will oppose newspaper showed that 75 percent of would be. Admitting a State requires this bill. And I hope we can clarify it Puerto Ricans supported the inclusion the assimilation of a territory within by adoption of my amendment later on of a fair and balanced Commonwealth the Union of States, and language dif- this afternoon. option, which this bill lacks. Today, ferences are the number one barrier to Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance and I repeat, today in Puerto Rico a actual assimilation. The bill before us of my time. new poll was released that shows that today contains the most vacuous state- Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I 65 percent of the people of Puerto Rico ment of language policy that I have rise as the designee of the gentleman reject this bill. ever seen. from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ), and I Mr. Chairman, it is an outrage to the democratic process that the definition b 1245 yield myself such time as I may con- sume. for Commonwealth status was written How will the average citizen of Puer- Mr. Chairman, I rise today to express by the very party that opposes it. It is to Rico understand what this means if my strenuous opposition to H.R. 856, like allowing Republicans to decide we cannot even understand what it the United States-Puerto Rico Politi- who could appear on a Democratic bal- means ourselves? And I would ask cal Status Act. Mr. Chairman, I think lot. every Member back in their offices to that we can all agree that the people of Five years ago, the people of Puerto pick up the bill and read it. In this re- Puerto Rico must be given the right to Rico held a plebiscite on this issue and gard, the bill’s language regarding self-determination. Unfortunately, chose to maintain their current status. English is weak, it is inadequate, and H.R. 856 does not accomplish this. This is a situation that the losers in must be clarified for the benefit of the This bill is the product of a flawed that contest do not seem willing to ac- people of the island of Puerto Rico be- legislative process that was designed to cept. Yet the outcome was an impor- cause they need to know what they are produce a very specific result. It was tant one. It reaffirmed the permanent getting into. written without consulting all the par- United States citizenship of the people My fellow colleagues, it was Winston ties that have a very real interest in of Puerto Rico that is guaranteed Churchill who stated that the gift of its outcome. under the Constitution. It acknowl- common language is a priceless inher- Proponents of H.R. 856 will try to say edged the bilateral nature of the U.S.- itance and, Members, not explicitly that this is a bill about self-determina- Puerto Rico relationship. It confirmed stating what role Puerto Rico’s inher- tion. They are misleading their col- the autonomous status of Puerto Rico, ited Spanish language and our common leagues. Instead, H.R. 856 is a one-sided which can only be changed by mutual tongue, English, would play in a State bill that is biased in favor of Puerto consent. of Puerto Rico, I believe, would be a The supporters of H.R. 856 are reject- Rican statehood. It was written by the grave mistake for everyone. ing each and every one of these argu- party that supports statehood in a way To rectify this I intend to, later in ments when they say that citizenship that promotes statehood without con- the debate, offer an amendment regard- can only be protected under statehood. sulting all the participants in this ing the role of the English language, Puerto Ricans are American citizens very, very sensitive process. which I believe very clearly explains and we are proud to be American citi- Under H.R. 856, Puerto Ricans will be this issue to both the American people zens. We do not need a plebiscite to given the choice between statehood, and to the people of Puerto Rico. prove that we are Americans any more Commonwealth status or separate sov- Now, some of my friends are going to than the people of Massachusetts or ereignty, yet the Commonwealth op- argue that I have specifically selected Virginia do. the statehood option for the bulk of my tion does not even guarantee citizen- This bill is not the result of a demo- criticism with this bill and that it is ship. Why was citizenship not statu- cratic process. It does not define all the merely a process bill which includes tory back in 1990 when this House choices to the satisfaction of the very that as an option. Let me make some- voted for this bill? I do not understand people who will participate in this thing perfectly clear. For my constitu- what happened since 1990. plebiscite. By defeating this bill we ents in upstate New York, who are The authors of this legislation have will be sending a message that we truly wedged between Canada and New York said that our citizenship is statutory. honor the idea of self-definition for the City, between Quebec and New York Simply put, this means that our citi- people of Puerto Rico. City, the statehood option for Puerto zenship can be taken away. Tell that to Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues Rico is the choice with the most far- the widows of men who fought and died to not be fooled by the arguments of reaching and permanent consequences. in foreign wars so that citizenship of the other side. A vote for H.R. 856 is a It is a permanent relationship that re- all Americans will be guaranteed. Mr. vote for statehood, not a vote for self- quires assimilation, and that choice Chairman, tell that to my uncle, who determination. needs to be decided by an overwhelm- fought valiantly in Korea for my col- Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance ing majority of the citizens of Puerto leagues and for me and for all Ameri- of my time. Rico before my constituents and before cans everywhere. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- my colleagues’ constituents will agree Furthermore, if the people of Puerto man, I yield 5 minutes to the gen- to let them join the Union. Rico were to choose Commonwealth tleman from Florida (Mr. MCCOLLUM). It must be clear to our good friends status, the bill will require further (Mr. MCCOLLUM asked and was in Puerto Rico that if they choose plebiscites until either statehood or given permission to revise and extend statehood, it is still within Congress’ separate sovereignty wins. This double his remarks.) powers as representatives of this coun- standard applied to Commonwealth Mr. MCCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, we try to say no. Statehood may be an op- shows how the deck is stacked in favor have embarked on one of the more sig- tion at some point in the future, but of statehood. Under those conditions, nificant debates this Congress will the American people are going to have not even the most forceful defender of have in this 2-year period, maybe one to examine that situation at that time, Commonwealth status will vote for it. of the more significant debates that we and that time is today. We cannot Many people forget that the original can have because we are trying to find force a decision on the citizens of Puer- version of this bill did not even include a way to resolve concerns we all have to Rico and the citizens of Puerto Rico a Commonwealth option. The party about a part of the United States. cannot force the United States to ac- that supports Commonwealth status Make no mistake about it, Puerto Rico cept a decision. had no input in the drafting of H.R. 856 is part of the United States. The Puerto Rican people deserve to and has been repeatedly shut out of the In my State of Florida, which is right know exactly what they are voting on process. Amazingly, the president of next door, it is a neighbor, it is a very H778 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 friendly neighbor, the people of Puerto resolution today to give the Puerto Puerto Rico to hold a referendum to Rico are citizens of the United States. Rican people that opportunity. determine Puerto Rico’s political fu- There are no Customs checks or bound- I would like to make a couple of com- ture and prescribes the wording of the aries between our country and theirs or ments, too, about who has supported ballot to be submitted to the voters. my State and Puerto Rico. this in the past. We have heard people Under the Act, the voters of Puerto Puerto Rico is a Commonwealth. It is debate, what did Ronald Reagan or Rico purportedly may choose to main- a funny kind of status to most of us be- George Bush say about it? Well, when tain the current Commonwealth sta- cause we do not think of it in that way the Puerto Rican statehood plebiscite tus, to become a State, or to become an very often, at least I do not. I know was being discussed in November 1993, independent Nation. The ballot lan- that anybody who lives in Puerto Rico Ronald Reagan said, guage mandated by the Act, however, can come live at my State or Texas or My friends, as you consider whether or not severely mischaracterizes and Minnesota or New York, anywhere, any you wish to continue being a part of the denigates Puerto Rico’s current time they want to. That is fine. United States, I want you to know one thing, Commonwealth status. Travel is free. People talk to each the United States will welcome you with b 1300 other all the time. There is a common open arms. bond that is there. And I think it is im- We’ve always been a land of varied cultural The ballot language mandated by the backgrounds and origins, and we believe act, however, severely mischarac- portant for us as we debate this bill firmly that our strength is our diversity. today to recognize the depth of this re- There is much Puerto Rico can contribute terizes and denigrates Puerto Rico’s lationship and the importance of it and to our Nation, which is why I personally current commonwealth status. These the tenderness of it. favor statehood. We hope you will join us. repeated misstatements clearly appear The people of Puerto Rico have sac- Thank you and God bless you. to be designed to ensure that the state- rificed many times over for the United So I think that it is important that hood option prevails. Any doubt on this States. Many men have given their we understand that the history has vanishes when the act’s prescribed bal- lives in the service of this country been of this Nation that many, many, lot is read in conjunction with other from Puerto Rico over the years. We many people have urged statehood on provisions of the act. have been partners for years and years Puerto Rico in the past. But, again, For instance, the act calls for a ref- and years. that is not the purpose of the plebi- erendum every 10 years until the state- I believe it is very, very important scite. It is for the people of Puerto Rico hood option prevails. And the legisla- that we give the people of Puerto Rico, to decide that. tive history, the committee report is as this bill does, an opportunity to de- We are also going to hear the ques- openly hostile to the current common- termine what they wish us to consider tion about English being discussed out wealth status. Thus, a referendum in this Congress in the coming years here. The gentleman from New York using the prescribed ballot would deny regarding their future status. (Mr. SOLOMON), a moment ago, was dis- the people of Puerto Rico an informed It is not, as has been said before, that cussing that question. and accurate choice concerning their this legislation would determine I favor English as the official lan- future political status and would reveal whether or not Puerto Rico were to be guage of the United States. I have been nothing about the true sentiments of a State or not. It is to give to the peo- a cosponsor of bills to do that for a the people of Puerto Rico on this im- ple of Puerto Rico a plebiscite, a vote, long time. All 50 States, and if we get portant question. an opportunity to say yes to statehood, a 51st State, the 51st State, too, should The most serious misstatements con- we would like you to consider that, abide by that. That should be our offi- tained in the act relate to its treat- Congress, or, no, we would rather stay cial language. We should put it in the ment of the rights enjoyed by the peo- in the Commonwealth status, or pos- statute of the books of this country to ple of Puerto Rico under common- sibly we would rather be independent. say that. But to attach it to this bill wealth status. The ballot contained in If this is not resolved in favor of sends the wrong signal. H.R. 856 states that Congress may de- statehood or independence now, it pro- We are interested in seeing Puerto termine the rights under the United vides a vehicle for there to be future Rico treated as everybody else. If we States Constitution that are guaran- opportunities for the people of Puerto actually have an official language stat- teed to the people of Puerto Rico. This Rico to speak out on this issue and to ute ever become law, and I hope it statement is wrong. debate all of those things that have does, it should apply to all of the terri- The act’s description of the citizen- been discussed today that need to be tories, the Commonwealths, the posses- ship rights of the people of Puerto Rico debated. There needs to be that kind of sions of the United States. It should be is similarly flawed. The act states that debate. That is what it is all about. known that English is the official lan- Puerto Ricans are merely statutory Yes, if Puerto Rico becomes a State, guage of the United States. But I do citizens and implies that their citizen- there will be expectations on both not believe it should be adopted on this ship may be revoked by Congress. The sides. We need to have a further airing bill today. people of Puerto Rico, however, right of that. That is what the plebiscite de- I would urge the support for the sub- now are United States citizens within bate in Puerto Rico would be all about. stitute amendment that I am helping the meaning of the 14th Amendment of Certainly assimilation in that broad cosponsor later on. the United States Constitution. sense of the word has always been part The CHAIRMAN. Who rises as the The ballot language mandated by of the American tradition. But we as- designee for the gentleman of Califor- H.R. 856 also mischaracterizes Puerto similate immigrants into this country, nia (Mr. MILLER)? Rico’s current political status. The act and Puerto Ricans are not immigrants. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . I do, Mr. describes Puerto Rico as an unincor- They are citizens. But we assimilate Chairman. porated territory of the United States. immigrants into this country, and, ul- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, we Beyond the pejorative connotations as- timately, make them citizens every have a Member that has to get back to sociated with this term, which was year, every day. We have done it since a hearing, so I would take him out of used to describe the United States’ co- the beginning of the nations history. order. lonial possessions, this description is We should not be concerned about Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to inappropriate because the United the challenges involved in it. I do not the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. States Supreme Court has held that think either side should be concerned. GOODLATTE.) Puerto Rico, like a State, is an autono- But we should be open about it. We (Mr. GOODLATTE asked and was mous political entity sovereign over should discuss it, and we should have a given permission to revise and extend matters not ruled by the Constitution. fair debate about it. But above all else, his remarks.) But these falsehoods are to be right on we need to be sure that the people of Mr. GOODLATTE. Mr. Chairman, I the ballot, mischaracterizing the com- Puerto Rico get the chance to have rise in strong opposition to H.R. 856 be- monwealth’s status, when Puerto that debate first. cause I have serious reservations about Ricans vote. So I urge my colleagues in the the constitutionality of this legislation The purpose of the proposed referen- strongest sort of way to vote for this which authorizes the Commonwealth of dum is to learn the sentiments of the March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H779 people of Puerto Rico. In light of the ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I fundamental inaccuracies, any referen- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will yield myself such time as I may con- dum using the prescribed ballot could suspend. sume. Let me explain to the gentleman not be relied upon as an honest reflec- The Chair will admonish those in the from Rhode Island (Mr. KENNEDY) why tion of the sentiments of the people of gallery and remind all persons that we are deciding this bill. We are decid- Puerto Rico. Accordingly, the act as they are here as guests of the House, ing this bill because, unlike the de- currently formulated necessarily fails and that any manifestation of approval scription that the gentleman from to accomplish its very purpose. or disapproval of any of the proceed- Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) has Equally important, these fundamen- ings is a violation of the rules of the given, we did not welcome the United tal inaccuracies in the ballot’s descrip- House and will not be permitted. States to Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico was tion of the commonwealth status op- The gentleman may proceed. invaded by the United States during tion effectively deny the people of Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. the Spanish-American Civil War. Puerto Rico their constitutional right Chairman, the fact is that if everyone Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. No to exercise the franchise in a meaning- is so insulted by this process, I hear argument there. No argument there. ful way. As the proponents of Puerto the gentlewoman from New York (Ms. Mr. GUTIERREZ. Let us be clear. Rican statehood well understand, the VELA´ ZQUEZ) and the gentleman from Il- The gentleman is right. We are making the decisions because that is what is commonwealth option described in the linois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) say, ‘‘I don’t happening. ballot will attract no significant sup- like this process because they shut out Mr. Chairman, I rise to strongly op- port among Puerto Rico’s voters, in- a political party in Puerto Rico.’’ Let us understand what they are shutting pose H.R. 856 because this is the exact cluding voters who are otherwise ar- opposite of what its supporters pretend dent advocates of continuing Puerto out, although it is not the case, I will argue. it to be. H.R. 856 is supposed to be a bill Rico’s commonwealth status. for self-determination, not for state- Thus, the referendum contained in But let us just assume that we are shutting out the PDP, the Populares in hood, which my friend from Rhode Is- the act infringes on the voting rights land has every ability, he is for state- of the people of Puerto Rico by pre- Puerto Rico. What do they want? They want the commonwealth status. What hood. That is what he wants. If I were senting them with a factually inac- for statehood and I was willing to gam- curate choice, a false choice as to their is the commonwealth status? It is colo- nial status. It is saying that this Con- ble everything for statehood, I would political future status. In short, H.R. be for this bill because this is a guaran- 856 presents the people of Puerto Rico gress can decide unilaterally, without Puerto Rico’s opinion or approval, tee that statehood is going to win the with a ballot that is stacked in favor of plebiscite. I can understand that. Let the statehood option. From the very what we want Puerto Rico to do. End of story, I say to the gentleman from us be clear. start, the election is rigged. The ballot Now I want to be clear about my po- language mandated by the act is de- New York (Mr. SOLOMON). So when you talk about how we are sition, also, Mr. Chairman. I am for signed to ensure this result regardless being unfair, think about it. We are independence for Puerto Rico. I am for of the true sentiments of the people of being unfair because we do not like independence for Puerto Rico. There Puerto Rico. commonwealth. You bet I do not like was a time that the statehooders and Such a palpably deficient ballot commonwealth. I do not like the fact the commonwealthers and the whole raises serious constitutional issues. system would jail people like me for that 3.8 million people are Moreover, as a matter of policy, it cer- being for independence for Puerto Rico. disenfranchised, 3.8 million United tainty cannot be justified as an effort That is why there are not more people States citizens who fought in our wars, to give Puerto Ricans meaningful self- for the independence of Puerto Rico. As who died in our wars are not even al- determination. Mr. Chairman, I oppose they jailed the people of your former lowed to vote for their Commander in this legislation and I ask others to do fatherland, Ireland, for wishing the Chief. Can you imagine? independence and the sovereignty of so as well. This country was founded, at the Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- that nation. Boston tea party we declared our Revo- I would suggest to everybody what man, I yield myself 30 seconds to re- lutionary War, because we did not have spond to the gentleman’s comments. I we can oppose, and it is wrong. Sup- representation here. That is what they porters of this bill have approached my want everybody to understand one do not have. Puerto Ricans cannot de- thing. As chairman of this committee, colleagues on both sides of the aisle, cide this bill. The gentleman from Mr. Chairman, and told them that the we did this job right. ´ Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO) has passage of this bill only means that The gentleman talks about constitu- no vote. He represents 3.8 million tionality. He does not know the Con- Congress authorizes the people of Puer- United States citizens. This is a bill to Rico to express their preference for stitution from something else. We sent that affects them, and they have no this down to the Justice Department. political status among 3 options. vote. What is that, other than colonial- Some supporters of the bill have They reviewed it with the best con- ism? played a very cynical game of telling stitutional lawyers. Everything in this This bill will give them statehood if some of my Democrats, ‘‘Vote for this bill is constitutional. I did this job cor- they vote for it. Let us say they do not bill, and you will have 6 new Demo- rectly as chairman. To have someone want to vote for statehood now, they cratic Members of the House and 2 new say it is not constitutional or allude it still like this quasi-colonial status. We Democratic Senators. That is why we is unconstitutional when it has been give them an opportunity, because in should vote for the bill.’’ That is being thoroughly scrubbed by those that the final analysis, it has to be the and that should be said here, because know the Constitution, I think is inap- United States. that is part of the debate and the con- propriate. I think it is so insulting that I have versation, and we should fully explain ´ Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- to be up here deciding on something to the people of Puerto Rico how it is man, I yield 3 minutes to the gen- that the people of Puerto Rico should that this Congress is arriving at a deci- tleman from Rhode Island (Mr. KEN- be able to decide with or without my sion to make their self-determination. NEDY). approval, with or without the approval At the same time, some of the very Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. of the gentleman from New York (Mr. same people have circulated a memo- Chairman, let me just underscore this. SOLOMON), with or without the ap- randum full of very strange statistics. Let us go over it and over it and over proval of the gentleman from Alaska Mr. Chairman, beware of strange num- it again. If Members do not like the (Mr. YOUNG). We represent other bers for they could be telling stranger language of this bill, if they do not like States. Why should we have any say in lies. It is a memorandum entitled the definition of commonwealth in this the matter with respect to Puerto ‘‘Puerto Rico, Republican Territory,’’ bill, they do not like commonwealth. If Rico? We were not elected by the Puer- in which some magician tries to con- Members find that the language that to Ricans. They deserve their own rep- vince the uninformed that Puerto Rico we use to describe commonwealth is re- resentation. If we vote for this bill, will produce 6 Republican Congressmen pugnant—— they will get their own representation. and 2 Republican Senators. H780 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 It sounds strange to me. The gentle- important that we understand what is jected to time and time again. I will re- woman from New York (Ms. going on here. spect the wishes of those who wish to VELA´ ZQUEZ), a Puerto Rican; the gen- Look, there is a value I hold even speak to this issue that have respected tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ), dearer than my wish for the independ- the wishes of the people of Puerto Rico of Puerto Rican descent; the gentleman ence of Puerto Rico, and that is the re- and all Members of this House, but do from New York (Mr. SERRANO); and spect that I have for the true aspira- not expect treatment from me which even the Resident Commissioner has tions of the Puerto Rican people. That others have disregarded for others. decided to sit on our side of the aisle, is their inalienable right of the people Once the people of Puerto Rico vote the main proponent of this bill, and he of Puerto Rico to their self-determina- for statehood under this rather unfair is in the Democratic Caucus. Let us tion. game plan, the Commonwealth Party not play games with one side or the That is precisely why I oppose this has said it cannot participate in the other getting some advantage over bill so strongly. H.R. 856 is exactly the plebiscite. That is going to be a prob- this, because that is not respectful. Mr. opposite. It is a bill, read it, it is a bill lem. You have got about 48 percent of Chairman, this is a strange manner in that is cleverly designed to obtain an the people who say if you do it this which to conduct a serious debate on artificial majority for statehood for way, we are not going to participate in the future of a whole people. Puerto Rico and to lead Congress down this thing. Self-determination is a serious mat- an irreversible path, first through the Now, I am going to make one last ter. The sacred right of self-determina- incorporation of Puerto Rico, and then statement and then reserve the balance tion has to be exercised in a totally to the admission of Puerto Rico as the of my time. Look, this is serious. This democratic, open and above-board fash- 51st State of this great union. In fact, is serious. If you approve this Young ion. The true sovereignty of any na- some opponents of H.R. 856 call this a bill, do you know what you have said? tion, and Puerto Rico is indeed a na- trap. You have said that 3.8 million Puerto tion, rests with its people. I think that Now, Congress makes an offer of Ricans do not have the protection of the Members of this Congress should statehood to the people of Puerto Rico. the 14th Amendment of the Constitu- understand what the people of Puerto The only requirement, the only re- tion of the United States. You have Rico believe, because this is something quirement, is that a simple majority said that their American citizenship is that is going to affect them. vote in favor of statehood. But the bal- not guaranteed. They did a poll in Puerto Rico, El lot is so stacked in favor of statehood I will tell you what people will say. Nuevo Dia, that is The New Day, the that I am going to read a quote, and, They will never take it away. This largest paper of circulation in Puerto please, listen to this quote: Congress would never take an action. Rico; by the way, owned by a The Resident Commissioner, CARLOS Do you know something? My dad did statehooder. They asked the people. On ROMERO-BARCELO´ , said, ‘‘Victory for not get to see me until I was a year the nationality question, 65 percent of statehood is guaranteed because the old, I would say to the gentleman from the people see themselves as Puerto definition of ‘‘commonwealth’’ does not New York (Mr. SOLOMON), because Rican and not American, 65 percent of include fiscal autonomy and does not when he was called to duty, he served. the people in Puerto Rico; 62 percent of include U.S. citizenship, a guarantee. He served, Mr. Chairman. the people consider their Nation to be The definition of Commonwealth in How can we say that my dad and tens Puerto Rico and not the United States. this bill is that of a territory. We just of thousands of other Puerto Ricans But at the same time, 75 percent con- left the word ‘‘territory’’ out.’’ Quote- who have served this Nation, right, sider their American citizenship to be end quote of the Resident Commis- that their citizenship is statutory, can very important. Strange, you say, that sioner of Puerto Rico here. be taken away from them at a whim of sounds like a contradiction. It is the So I am not saying this bill is Congress? I do not believe that. contradiction of colonialism, obvi- stacked in favor of statehood; the very As a matter of fact, in the 1950 Na- ously. But it is also what the authors proponent, the Resident Commissioner tionality Act, this Congress approved of this understand very well. On the of Puerto Rico, has stated this pub- something that says the 50 states and one hand, they tell you, Puerto Rico is licly, and that is wrong, to play poli- Puerto Rico, anyone born there, is pro- not a nation, it is just a group of peo- tics, partisan politics. tected by the 14th Amendment and are ple. It is this little tropical island that Mr. Chairman, I want to thank the citizens of this country. That is what sits out there somewhere in the Carib- gentleman from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), the 1950 Nationality Act says. bean. and I want to thank the gentleman So do not come back here and say But let me tell everybody in this from California (Mr. MILLER), because that commonwealth is statutory citi- room, the people of Puerto Rico which both gentlemen have been decent with zenship, because, you know something? you are deciding today their options, me. When I asked to participate in I want Puerto Rico to be a free and consider themselves as a Nation. They their hearings, they both know that independent nation, and in that I dis- consider to have a nationality, that na- they had to override objections of cer- agree with my colleague, the gen- tionality being Puerto Rican. You tain Members to allow me to partici- tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- should understand that. You should un- pate in their committee, but they did. BARCELO´ ). The gentleman wants it to derstand that very, very clearly. The gentleman from California (Mr. be assimilated and a state, but I think At the same time they want to keep MILLER) and the gentleman from Alas- it is important, it is important, that their American citizenship. I think ka (Mr. YOUNG) have always listened to the people of Puerto Rico have the defi- that that is very clear. Just March 4, me, have always come and said, ‘‘Luis, nitions that they can have. they asked the people of Puerto Rico what do you think? Let us talk about Lastly, in 1993, when the Resident what they think about the Young bill. this.’’ Commissioner’s party was in power in They asked the people of Puerto Rico. I know that the gentleman from Cali- Puerto Rico, the Statehood Party, they They said 35 percent reject the Young fornia (Mr. MILLER) tried to fix this. I controlled the two houses, the House bill, 33 percent support the Young bill, know he did. He did make every at- and the Senate, and they controlled and another third do not have an opin- tempt to fix this, and I know that he the governorship. They had a plebiscite ion on the Young bill. It says if Puerto went to everybody and tried to bring in Puerto Rico. Ricans within the great diaspora of people together. He testified so yester- Why, when they controlled all the Puerto Rico, that is Puerto Ricans in day, and I know it to be a fact. Unfor- rules in Puerto Rico, was the Common- the United States, do not get to vote tunately, it was not able to be done. It wealth status not not a territory? Why on this, over half of them say we was not able to be done. This has to be was not the citizenship not statutory should reject the Young bill. a process of consensus, of building peo- when that came up? ple together. Why is it? As a matter of fact, in 1990 b 1315 Mr. Chairman, do you know some- we unanimously accepted some defini- That is the people of Puerto Rico. thing? That is why I did not yield, be- tions here, 1990, and none of these con- But let me go further, Mr. Chairman, cause when I asked for the opportunity siderations. Do you want to know why? because I think it is very, very, very to speak about this issue, I was ob- Because they want to stack the cards. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H781 If the people of Puerto Rico want ica and love their heritage. Instead of tleman for entering that into the statehood, I will be the first one to enforcing political rights, this amend- RECORD. come here and support statehood for ment would undermine them by weak- Mr. Chairman, I stand in strong sup- Puerto Rico, but it has got to be a fair ening the Voting Rights Act and end- port of H.R. 856 and urge my colleagues process. People can laugh and people ing bilingual access. Instead of expand- to vote for this very important legisla- can chide, because they do not under- ing access to government, the Solomon tion. I applaud the work of the gen- stand the seriousness of this matter. amendment chills communications be- tleman from Alaska (Chairman This is about the 14th Amendment. tween Members of Congress and con- YOUNG), the gentleman from California This is about my dad, this is about my stituents. It imposes unique require- (Mr. MILLER), and my fellow statutory wife, Soraida, born in Moca, Puerto ments on the people of Puerto Rico citizen, the gentleman from Puerto Rico; and I do not intend to go back to that Congress has not imposed on citi- Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ). her tomorrow and say her citizenship is zens of any other State of the United H.R. 856 is significant because it es- any less than mine. She was born a cit- States. tablishes Federal responsibility in a izen of this country, and I am going to Mr. Chairman, I urge the Members to process of self-determination for the protect her right. It is not statutory, it support the bipartisan substitute that people of Puerto Rico that would lead is protected. is being put forward by the leadership to decolonization. The Treaty of Paris, Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of this committee. It recognizes that it which ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to of my time. is in the best interests of our Nation the U.S. in 1898, clearly gave the re- Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- and our citizens to promote the teach- sponsibility to this body for determin- man, I yield 3 minutes to the gen- ing of English, and it sets the goal of ing the political status of the inhab- tleman from Missouri (Mr. GEPHARDT), enabling students to achieve English itants of these territories. Until this the minority leader. language proficiency by the age of 10. body does this, these areas will con- (Mr. GEPHARDT asked and was It does not threaten free and open tinue to remain colonies, 100 years given permission to revise and extend speech and communication of public since the end of the Spanish-American his remarks.) safety, and it does not single out the War. Until we do this, there will not be Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Chairman, people of Puerto Rico for unique, ex- clarity in the ultimate political status there is no right more fundamental to traordinary requirements that we ask of these unincorporated territories. of no other State in the United States our democracy than the right of people b to decide their political future. Amer- of America. 1330 ican democracy was conceived in the Finally, it is time to get on with the The bill before us clearly states that great struggle of the Revolutionary business at hand. It is time to extend the Federal Government has the re- War, and it originated out of a fight for the same rights to the people of Puerto sponsibility to act within a specific self-determination by the American Rico that billions of other people time frame and in unequivocal terms colonists to be able to control their around the world take for granted. so that the process itself does not lead own affairs. Puerto Rico has been a member of our to more frustration and uncertainty. We have long asserted this right, not American family for over 100 years. The Federal responsibility must be only for Americans, but for people all The people of Puerto Rico have waited consistent with a modern 21st century over the world. We have insisted that long enough to finally decide their own understanding of decolonization, and it this is a universal human right that destiny. More than a half decade ago must lead to a process which forces ex- every human being should enjoy. So Franklin Roosevelt said this to Con- peditious action. certainly it should and must be a fun- gress. He said, ‘‘Freedom means the su- Today, 100 years after the Spanish- damental right for people living under premacy of human rights everywhere.’’ American War, the U.S. Congress has the American flag as American citi- Our support, he said, goes to those who the unique opportunity and the moral zens. Yet almost 4 million American struggle to gain those rights or keep obligation to resolve Puerto Rico’s citizens, the people of Puerto Rico, them. quest for a clear political status for its Mr. Chairman, we have a magnificent have not enjoyed this right. citizens. It is the right thing to do. We have the opportunity to ensure opportunity today, a bipartisan oppor- Mr. Chairman, if Members support tunity, an opportunity to extend the today that American citizens who have democracy and the principle of fair- magic and the blessing of freedom and sacrificed their loved ones in our wars, ness, I urge Members to vote for 856. It human rights and self-determination to who serve our country in and out of is the right thing to do for the citizens the almost 4 million citizens of the uniform, and who obey our laws, should of the Caribbean island, to demonstrate United States, the people of Puerto have a say in their political future. The that this country is second to none in Rico. Vote against the Solomon people of Puerto Rico deserve an oppor- the exercise of self-determination, that amendment, vote for the bipartisan tunity to vote on their future political we are second to none in honoring our substitute, and vote for this legislation status, and this bill simply gives them treaty obligations, and that we are sec- for the meaning of America to be that opportunity. The choice should be ond to none in the full implementation brought to the people of Puerto Rico. of democracy. theirs, and this Congress should re- Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- spect that outcome. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- man, I yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gen- This is a simple issue of basic human man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- tleman from Guam (Mr. UNDERWOOD). rights. The bill should easily become Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- tleman from Maryland (Mr. HOYER). law. But today there are many in this man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman Mr. HOYER. Mr. Chairman, I thank Congress who want to hold this legisla- from Guam. the gentleman from Puerto Rico for tion hostage to an extreme agenda. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman yielding time to me. The Solomon English-only legisla- from Guam (Mr. UNDERWOOD) is recog- I rise in strong support of this legis- tion, which House Republicans pushed lation. I rise in strong support for the nized for 21⁄2 minutes. through 2 years ago, but which died in Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- substitute that will be put forth to the the Senate and which has laid dormant man, will the gentleman yield? Solomon amendment, and in opposition ever since, would impose English-only Mr. UNDERWOOD. I yield to the gen- to the Solomon amendment. restrictions that are unnecessary and tleman from Alaska. Since 1985 I have served on the Hel- divisive. While immigrants from all Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- sinki Commission, which was charged ethnic groups understand the impor- man, I would like to apologize to the since 1976 to oversee the implementa- tance and the necessity of learning gentleman. In my passionate plea for tion of the Helsinki Final Act. Within English, the Solomon amendment does Puerto Rico, I forgot the great Terri- that act it said that the international nothing to make this happen any tory of Guam. We are working very community ought to respect the self- quicker or easier. close together. It slipped my mind. So determination of peoples. The fact that some have raised this I do apologize to the gentleman. It is one of the most troubling issues issue today is a slap in the face to the Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, re- that confronts the international com- people of Puerto Rico, who love Amer- claiming my time, I thank the gen- munity and the emerging democracies H782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 around the world. It is difficult because the Solomon amendment of English them to our language, you could make we need to determine what group, what only. We all recognize that English is 2 million words that would be part of size, how many do you need for self-de- the common language of our country. the English language, compared to termination. Does it need to be an It is the dominant language of our other languages, like German, that has identifiable, geographic area? If so, country. But who was it that decided about 184,000, and French, that has how large? It is an issue that we deal that to be an American you had to about 100,000 words. with in Yugoslavia. speak the language of the British Isles? For those fear-mongers who think we Always, always, always the United I am not sure that makes sense. need some kind of amendment on this States is on the side of those who as- We were a country founded on toler- bill to help us promote English, pire to make their own decisions. On ance, multiculturalism. It seems to me English is already the official language this floor we have heard some very ar- we can make room for those people of the world. We do not need an amend- ticulate expressions on both sides of who speak other languages. We left the ment to tell us that. It is going to con- this issue, from people who know the Old World to create the New World for tinue to be the official language of the politics of Puerto Rico far more than I. precisely this reason, to leave the world. We should support H.R. 856, and But I know that those articulate peo- conformities and traditions of the Old all proudly, because of what it stands ple will debate this issue vigorously, World behind. I think it is time we for, and not be fear-mongering about and it will be the people of Puerto Rico move forward to true multiculturalism what it might do to the great language who make this decision, as it should and accept the fact that we do not have of English that is used worldwide. be. But it is important that this Con- to have an ordered language in our so- I say to my friends, let us stop the gress express at home, within our own ciety. I urge the adoption of the bill be- demagoguing, let us stop the fear- Nation, that same conviction on behalf fore us. mongering that we have injected into of self-determination that we express Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- this debate. Lighten up and support around the world. man, I yield 3 minutes to the gen- H.R. 856. I would hope that we would over- tleman from Texas (Mr. BONILLA). Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- whelmingly, in a bipartisan way, pass (Mr. BONILLA asked and was given man, I yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gen- this legislation. I want to commend the permission to revise and extend his re- tleman from Florida (Mr. DEUTSCH). gentleman from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) marks.) Mr. DEUTSCH. Mr. Chairman, I for his leadership on this issue, and the Mr. BONILLA. Mr. Chairman, the de- thank the gentleman for yielding time gentleman from California (Mr. MIL- bate we are hearing today reminds me to me. LER), and indeed, the delegate from of the demagoguing we heard back Mr. Chairman, this is truly a historic Puerto Rico, and all of those who par- when the new majority took over in debate in this Congress. This is my ticipate in this debate. January of 1995. We tried to do some sixth year as a Member of this Con- Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- things that were right for the country, gress. It is the first time we are really man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- and we were demagogued as those who talking about an issue about the fun- tleman from Maryland (Mr. WYNN). were trying to end the school lunch damental union of our States. That is Mr. WYNN. Mr. Chairman, I thank program, as those who were trying to really what we are talking about. the gentleman from Puerto Rico for eliminate Medicare, and as those who In this Chamber over the last 100 yielding me this time. were trying to hurt the environment. years, and before that in the other Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the We all knew that was not true, but yet Chamber just down the hall for 100 bill before us today. I rise in opposition the demagoguing continued. years before that, or just about, this is to the Solomon amendment. I rise in The demagoguing continues today by the kind of debates that went on. Un- support of the bipartisan substitute. those who are opposed to this bill, who less it was one of the first original 13 Mr. Chairman, the essence of the bill say that it is going to somehow create colonies, each State went through a before us today is to allow the people a State, a new State, instantly. That is process. There were different debates of Puerto Rico to make the decisions false. That is demagoguing. and different things that went through about their own destiny, what we like There is also demagoguing about how that process. But that is where we are to refer to as self-determination. this bill might be promoting bilingual- now. For the last few decades we have ism. That is not true at all, but none- I think part of the acknowledgment talked long and often hard about the theless the arguments continue. They of this bill is something that obviously importance of self-determination in all say this is anti-Commonwealth. That is is controversial, but I think the fact, parts of the world: in Russia, in Cuba, also not true. The demagogues know it and people can debate it, is that the around the globe. It is now time to talk but they continue to make these argu- status of Commonwealth is an unstable about self-determination for one of our ments, in spite of the truth and sub- equilibrium. In a sense, the bill ac- nearest neighbors. stance of what we are trying to accom- knowledges that. It can continue, but This is not that complicated. That is plish here today. it cannot continue indefinitely. The the beauty of democratic elections. For those who think somehow that process of the legislation specifically Members have heard here today that this is going to end the official lan- puts that into statute, and that is why there are lots of points of view about guage of the world, it is also a case of it is critical that this legislation pass. this issue within Puerto Rico. Those demagoguing. English is the official I would mention that the amendment differences can be resolved by demo- language of the world. One hundred by the gentleman from New York (Mr. cratic elections. That is what we are fifty seven of 168 airlines have English SOLOMON), I think we should acknowl- here today to do, not to impose any as their official language. There are edge what the amendment offered by particular form of government, be it 3,000 newspapers printed in English in the gentleman from New York (Mr. statehood, independence, or Common- the country of India. Six members of SOLOMON) attempts to do. We need to wealth status, but rather, to let the the European Free Trade Association be direct about this. people, the people themselves decide all conduct their business in English, This amendment is really not ger- what form of government they believe despite the fact that none of the six mane to this bill. It is an issue that in is most desirable. members are from English-speaking and of itself can be discussed and de- The point is that today Puerto nations. Three hundred thousand Chi- bated, but to turn English into the offi- Ricans can fight in our wars but cannot nese speak English in their own coun- cial language of the United States is elect the Commander in Chief. They try. Forty-four countries have English not about this bill. It does not deserve can contribute to Social Security, and as their official language. to be on this bill, and it is inappropri- they do, but they cannot receive Social The size of the English language, the ately on this bill. I think we have to Security benefits. We need to change number of words in the English lan- understand the reason it is on this bill this, and we need to use our time-hon- guage, is about 1 million. If we count is to kill the bill. ored democratic processes to do that. the insects, and entomologists say However anyone in this Chamber Mr. Chairman, let me talk for a mo- there are a million known insects that feels about that particular issue, and I ment about this notion embodied in could also become words, if we added know it is a passionate issue, I urge the March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H783 defeat of the Solomon amendment and That ``have it both ways'' approach to free Under either independence or free associa- the support of the substitute offered by association was attempted in the case of the tion, the U.S. and Puerto Rico could enter the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. Micronesian Compact of Free Association, but into treaties to define relations on a sov- ereign-to-sovereign basis. Free association YOUNG) and the gentleman from Cali- the State Department, Justice Department and as practiced by the U.S. is simply a form of fornia (Mr. MILLER) and others to as- Congress rejected that model as unconstitu- independence in which two sovereign nations sure that this historic opportunity is tional and unwise. It was an attempt to ``per- agree to a special close relationship that in- taken advantage of. fect'' the legal theory of the Puerto Rican com- volves delegations of the sovereign powers of Mr. Chairman, H.R. 856 will enable Con- monwealth as a form of permanent self-gov- the associated to the United States in such gress to administer and determine the status ernment, a nation-within-a-nation concept that areas as defense and other governmental of Puerto Rico in the same manner this institu- has always failed and always will because the functions to the extent both parties to the tion has been administering and decolonizing treaty-based relationship agree to continue U.S. constitution does not allow a Quebec-like such arrangements. territories since the Northwest Ordinance of problem in our Federal system. The specific features of free association 1789. The historical constitutional practice of Ambassador Zeder's explanation of free as- and balance between autonomy and inter- the United States has been to decolonize non- sociation as an option for Puerto Rico makes dependence can vary within well-defined lim- state territories which come under U.S. sov- the ground rules for this form of separate sov- its based on negotiated terms to which both ereignty by either full incorporation leading to ereignty very clear and easy to understand. I parties to the arrangement have agreed, but statehood (as in the case of Alaska and Ha- include his statement for the RECORD. all such features must be consistent with the waii) or separate nationhood (Philippines). The statement referred to is as follows: structure of the agreement as a treaty-based sovereign-to-sovereign relationship. In U.S. For too long Puerto Rico has been diverted UNDERSTANDING FREE ASSOCIATION AS A FORM experience and practice, even where free as- OF SEPARATE SOVEREIGNTY AND POLITICAL from the historical process of decolonization. sociation has many features of a dependent INDEPENDENCE IN THE CASE OF Because local self-government was estab- territorial status the sources and allocation DECOLONIZATION OF PUERTO RICO lished under P.L. 81±600 in 1952, Congress of constitutional authority triggered by the has pretended that Puerto Rico could be ad- (By Ambassador Fred M. Zeder, II) underlying separation of sovereignty, na- ministered permanently as a territory with in- Consistent with relevant resolutions of the tionality and citizenship causes the relation- ternal constitutional self-government. However, U.N. General Assembly, Puerto Rico’s op- ship to evolve in the direction of full inde- the local constitution did not create a separate tions for full self-government are: Independ- pendence rather than functional re-integra- ence (Example: Philippines); Free Associa- tion. nation as the pro-commonwealth party in tion (Example: Republic of the Marshall Is- Free association is essentially a transi- Puerto Rico argues. Puerto Rican born Ameri- lands); Integration (Example: Hawaii). See, tional status for peoples who do not seek full cans are still disenfranchised in the federal po- G.A. Resolution 1514 (1960); G.A. Resolution integration, but rather seek to maintain litical system which is supreme in the territory 1541 (1960); G.A. Resolution 2625 (1970). close political, economic and security rela- as long as the U.S. flag flies over the island. For purposes of international law includ- tions with another nation during the period Puerto Rico is not a ``free associated state'' ing the relevant U.N. resolutions inter- after separate sovereignty is achieved. in the U.S. constitutional sense or under inter- national conventions to which the U.S. is a Again, this could be accomplished by treaty national law as recognized by the United party, the current status of Puerto Rico is between independent nations as well. Thus, best described as substantial but incomplete States. Puerto Rico remains a colony. That is free association is a form of separate sov- integration. This means that the ereignty that usually arises from the rela- not my choice of words, that is the term used decolonization process that commenced in tionship between a colonial power and a peo- by the McKinley Administration to describe 1952 has not been fulfilled. ple formerly in a colonial status who at least Puerto Rico. It is also the term used by the As a matter of U.S. domestic constitu- temporarily want close ties with the former former chief justice of the Puerto Rico Su- tional law, a territory within U.S. sov- colonial power for so long as both parties preme Court who was one of the architects of ereignty which has internal constitutional agree to the arrangements. the commonwealth constitution. self-government but is not fully integrated Free association is recognized as a distinct Because H.R. 856 will define the real and into the national system of political union form of separate sovereignty, even though le- on the basis of equality remains an unincor- true options that the Congress and the people gally it also is consistent with independence. porated territory, and can be referred to as a Specifically, free association is consistent in Puerto Rico have to resolve the status ‘‘commonwealth.’’ (Example: Puerto Rico with independence because, as explained question, I strongly support this bill. Informing and the Northern Mariana Islands). below, the special and close bilateral rela- the voters in the territory of the real definition For purposes of U.S. constitutional law, tionship created by a free association treaty of commonwealth, statehood and separate independence and free association are status or pact can be terminated in favor of conven- sovereignty including free association is nec- options which are created and exist on the tional independence at any time by either essary because of the misleading adoption in international plane. Thus, instead of the sov- party. ereign primacy of Congress under the terri- 1952 of the Spanish words for ``free associa- In addition, the U.S. and the international torial clause, the sources of constitutional community have recognized that a separate tion'' by the pro-commonwealth party to de- authority with respect to nations with sepa- nation can be a party to a bilateral pact of scribe the current commonwealth status. No rate sovereignty include the article II, sec- free association and be an independent na- wonder people are confused! tion 2 treaty-making power and the applica- tion in the conventional sense at the same Only when people understand the real op- ble article I, section 8 powers of Congress time. For example, the Republic of the Mar- tions can there be informed self-determination, such as that relating to nationality and im- shall Islands is party to the Compact of Free and only when there has been informed self- migration law. Association with the United States, but has determination can Congress then decide what Relations between the U.S. and a nation been admitted to the United Nations as an which is independent or in free association status is in the national interest. Then the sta- independent nation. are conducted on the basis of international Thus, the international practice regarding tus of Puerto Rico can be resolved if there is law. Thus, independence and free association free association actually is best understood agreement on the terms for status change. If are status options which would remove Puer- as a method of facilitating the not the status quo continues, but the process to Rico from its present existence within the decolonization process leading to simple and to decolonize Puerto Rico will exist. Then sphere of sovereignty of the United States absolute independence. Essentially, it allows Puerto Rico's colonial status will continue only and establish a separate Puerto Rican sov- new nations not prepared economically, so- as long as the people of Puerto Rico are un- ereignty outside the political union and fed- cially or strategically for emergence into able to choose between statehood and inde- eral constitutional system of the United conventional independence to achieve sepa- States. pendence on terms acceptable to Congress. rate nationhood in cooperation with a Instead of completing the integration proc- former colonial power or another existing To promote a better understanding of the ess through full incorporation and statehood, nation. nature of free association, I would like to either independence or free association Under international law and practice in- share the following background paper on free would ‘‘dis-integrate’’ Puerto Rico from the cluding the relevant U.N. resolutions and ex- association written by the U.S. Ambassador United States. This would terminate U.S. isting free association precedents, free asso- who negotiated free association treaties for sovereignty, nationality and citizenship and ciation must be terminable at will by either President Reagan. The U.S. has a free asso- end application of the U.S. Constitution in party in order to establish that the relation- ciation relationship with three Pacific island Puerto Rico. In other words, the process of ship is consistent with separate sovereignty gradual integration which began in 1898, and and the right of self-determination is pre- nations, and this status is very different from which was advanced by statutory U.S. citi- served. This international standard, also rec- the free association espoused by the so-called zenship in 1917 and establishment of con- ognized by the U.S., is based on the require- ``autonomists in Puerto Rico''Ðwho want to be stitutional arrangements approved by the ment that free association not be allowed to a separate sovereign nation but also keep people in 1952, would be terminated in favor become merely a new form of internationally U.S. nationally and citizenship. of either independence or free association. accepted colonialism. H784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Specifically, free association is not in- governing people under U.S. administration If the people of Puerto Rico claim tended to create a new form of territorial to dispose of the territory of Puerto Rico in and vote for statehood, I would be the status or quasi-sovereignty. It is not a ‘‘na- a manner which does not take into account first in this Chamber to vote with them tion-within-a-nation’’ relationship or a form the freely expressed wishes of the residents. and to give them their vote and voice of irrevocable permanent union, but is, Thus, as the two parties which must define again, a sovereign-to-sovereign treaty-based and carry out a future relationship based on here in the Congress of the United relationship which is either of limited dura- consent and the right of self-determination States. But if in fact they choose Com- tion or terminable at will by either party which each must exercise, Congress, on be- monwealth status, then let us respect acting unilaterally. half of the United States, and the people of that as well, and let us make this an In other words, both parties have a sov- Puerto Rico, acting through their constitu- evenhanded debate that does not slight ereign right to terminate the relationship at tional process, must decide whether one side or the other, but gives this im- any time. The free association treaty may decolonization will be completed through portant issue the respect it is due. provide for the terms and measures which completion of the process for integration will apply in the event of unilateral termi- into union or separation and nationhood b 1345 nation, but the ability of either party to do apart from the U.S. for Puerto Rico. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield so can not be conditioned or encumbered in Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I such time as he may consume to the such a manner that the exercise of the right 1 gentleman from New York (Mr. GIL- to terminate the relationship effectively is yield 2 ⁄2 minutes to the gentleman impaired or precluded. from Massachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY). MAN), the honorable chairman of the For that reason, the territory and popu- Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr. Committee on International Relations. lation of each nation involved must be with- Chairman, I thank the gentleman for (Mr. GILMAN asked and was given in the sovereignty, nationality and citizen- yielding time to me. permission to revise and extend his re- ship of that nation, and the elements and Mr. Chairman, I have been impressed marks.) mechanisms of the free association relation- in this debate thus far about the deter- Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I thank ship must be defined consistent with that re- the gentleman from New York (Mr. quirement. Separate and distinct sov- mination of us as Members of Congress to provide for real self-determination SOLOMON) for yielding me this time. ereignty and nationality must be established Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support at the time of decolonization and preserved for the great people of Puerto Rico. I under the relationship or the ability of ei- think it is fundamentally important to of H.R. 856, the United States-Puerto ther party to terminate will be impaired. the Puerto Rican people themselves Rico Political Status Act, allowing Thus, the major power may grant to people and to all of us as Americans, when we Puerto Ricans to determine their fu- of the free associated nation special rights talk about the most important issue, ture political status. normally associated with the major power’s perhaps, that we can determine in this Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of H.R. own citizenship classifications, such as open Chamber, as to whether or not and who 856, the United States-Puerto Rico Political immigration and residence rights. Status Act, which will allow Puerto Ricans to However, these arrangements are subject we define as American citizens, that we to the same terminability as the overall re- are clearly saying to the Puerto Rican determine their future political status. lationship, and thus may be either for a lim- people that they are welcome as not This bill would give the U.S. citizens of ited duration or subject to unilateral termi- only citizens of this country, but they Puerto Rico the right to self-determination. I nation by either party at any time. are in fact welcome as a 51st State. believe every U.S. citizen should be afforded Consequently, there can be no permanent But, and I mean a serious but, for that opportunity. mass dual nationality because this would be The right to self-determination is a founda- anyone who has taken the time to visit inconsistent with the preservation of the un- tion or our freedoms. By voting against this Puerto Rico, to not just visit there in derlying separate sovereignty. Any special bill, we would be sending a message that we the sense of getting a nice suntan, but rights or classifications of the major power don't believe other citizens should be given extended to the people of a free associated going there and talking with the Puer- the opportunity and privilege of voting that we nation are more in the nature of residency to Rican people and gaining a better rights and do not prevent either nation from enjoy. understanding of their own identifica- Puerto Ricans have served and died in wars exercising separate sovereignty with respect tion, the truth of the matter is there to the nationality its own population. defending democracy for years, yet they can- Upon termination of the free association are millions of Puerto Ricans that con- not elect a President or participate in the legis- relationship by either party, any such classi- sider themselves to be Puerto Ricans, lative process. This is unjust and un-American. fications or special residency rights will be Puerto Ricans first. Voting for H.R. 856 will entrust 3.8 million His- subject to unilateral termination as well. American citizens, yes. They are panic Americans who reside in Puerto Rico Both during and after any period of free as- willing to fight and die for this coun- with the power of an educated vote on self-de- sociation, the people of each of the two na- try. But I do not consider myself a tions will owe their allegiance to and have termination. Massachusettan first and then an Furthermore, voting for H.R. 856 does not the separate nationality of their own coun- American, I consider myself to be an try. Any attempt to deviate from these confer statehood to Puerto Rico, but merely norms of international law and practice American. establishes a referendum that sets the terms would undermine the sovereignty of both na- I think that we as American citizens and clarifies the choices to allow Puerto tions, and would impair the right of self-de- ought to fundamentally be wide enough Ricans to determine their future political sta- termination which must be preserved to en- in the breadth of our knowledge and tus. With regard to the language of the island, sure the relationship is based on consent our sense of other human beings to Puerto Rico recognized English as an official rather than coercion. allow them their own self-identifica- language of the local government in 1902Ð In summary, the United States recognizes tion. That means that we ought to re- each of the three U.N. accepted status op- longer than any other American domain. tions for Puerto Rico to achieve full self-gov- spect those that believe in the Com- English is the language of the local and fed- ernment. One of those options, integration, monwealth party. eral governments, courts, and businesses, and is within U.S. sovereignty and the federal po- I have a great many friends that are is also in the curriculum of all the schools on litical union, the other two, independence commonwealthers and statehooders. the island of Puerto Rico. and free association, exist without U.S. sov- But I have great respect for the Com- As chairman of the International Relations ereignty, nationality and citizenship. monwealth party, and I believe that Committee, I recognize the importance of sup- Obviously, Puerto Rico can not act unilat- this bill unfairly slants the way we de- erally to establish a new status. This is so porting democratic principles abroad. Support- not only because of U.S. sovereignty and the fine Commonwealth by bringing up ing H.R. 856 were enormously help to authority of Congress under the territorial issues as to whether or not this means strengthen U.S. relations with Latin American clause, but also because Puerto Rico seeks that Puerto Rican people are going to nations. It is equally important to support the agreement of the U.S. to the terms under be forever faced with determinations these democratic standards here in America, which any of these options would be imple- by this body as to whether or not we by voting for a non-binding referendum. mented. This means Congress must agree to are going to consider them to be citi- For these reasons, I urge my colleagues to the terms under which a new status is de- zens, whether or not we are going to join in voting for H.R. 856, and grant Puerto fined and implemented. tax them, a whole series of questions Ricans the right to self-determination. There is no right on the part of Puerto ´ Rico unilaterally to define its relationship that effectively undermines one group Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- with the United States. Nor would it be con- of Puerto Ricans that over and over man, I yield 1 minute to the gentle- sistent with U.S. commitments to respect again has stood up for equality status woman from the District of Columbia the right of self-determination for non-self- versus statehood. (Ms. NORTON). March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H785 Ms. NORTON. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman from New York. I will ‘‘yes’’ for the Solomon amendment and the gentleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. support it. But I will also vote against ‘‘no’’ on the passage of the bill. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) for yielding me this this bill. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman time. We have a wonderful Resident Com- from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) has 1 Mr. Chairman, a matter of self-deter- missioner here from Puerto Rico. minute remaining; the gentleman from mination should be a matter that There is excellent representation from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) has brings unanimous consent in this body, Guam, the District of Columbia, Virgin 31⁄2 minutes remaining; the gentleman and it pains to me to see divisions and Islands, American Samoa. But I think from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) has one-half splits. If the bill is imperfect, there are this is just wrong public policy. We minute remaining; and the gentleman many hurdles yet to go: additional is- should not be raising false expectations from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) has one- land votes, additional congressional of any group. I think the one way to do half minute remaining. votes provided by the bill. Also, the it is to say right now, let us not kid PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY vote to be taken in Puerto Rico is non- ourselves, this is not a good idea. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I have binding. Puerto Rico is the result of the Span- a parliamentary inquiry. Above all, we cannot get ahead of the ish-American War. It has a wonderful The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will Puerto Rican people. In 1993, we in the people. What the gentleman from Mis- state it. District of Columbia had a historic sissippi said is absolutely correct. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I be- vote on statehood. That is not what Many of them have given their lives for lieve under the procedures of the House this vote is about. It is about allowing our country. There are also wonderful that it would be appropriate at this the Puerto Rican people to decide what people in Guam, Saipan, the Virgin Is- time for the gentleman from Illinois affiliation they themselves desire. This lands, American Samoa, and the Dis- (Mr. GUTIERREZ) to use up his time, is what we say we want people around trict of Columbia. then the gentleman from Puerto Rico, the world to decide. Mr. Chairman, I would say to the then myself, and then reserving the I represent half a million people in gentlewoman from the District of Co- close for the chairman of the commit- the District of Columbia who identify lumbia (Ms. NORTON) that we can solve tee. Would that not be in order? I with Puerto Ricans because we too are the District’s problem very easily and would suggest it, at any rate. treated as less than full Americans, liv- do what Congress did in the Nineteenth The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will rec- ing here right under the noses of the Century when it ceded back to Virginia ognize Members to close general debate Congress of the United States. We that part of the District of Columbia in reverse of the order in which the know what it is like to fight and die in which had been carved out of Virginia. Members opened. Therefore, the Chair wars while suffering denials of con- Give it back to Maryland, and the Dis- will recognize Members to close debate comitant rights. trict would have full representation. as follows: The gentleman from Illinois The District has even fewer rights But Puerto Rico should never have than Puerto Ricans because we do not (Mr. GUTIERREZ), the gentleman from been a territory. Cuba was never a ter- have the right to self-government. We New York (Mr. SOLOMON), the gen- ritory. Cuba has been independent. in the District feel a deep kinship tleman from California (Mr. MILLER), Granted, the Marines occupied them which demands for self-determination and the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. and a number of other countries from around the world, and especially self- YOUNG). time to time. But we should have left determination among our own in Puer- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I Cuba independent. We did. We should to Rico. yield myself the balance of my time. Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- have left Puerto Rico independent. We Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman did not. And we need not continue that from Mississippi (Mr. TAYLOR) was very error forever. eloquent when he spoke about the from Mississippi (Mr. TAYLOR). Mr. TAYLOR of Mississippi. Mr. We kept our promise to the Phil- thousands of Puerto Ricans that have Chairman, as we debate this, there are ippines that they would be independent given their lives in the armed forces. 20,000 Puerto Ricans serving in the in 1946. There is many a Filipino life of And the gentleman ended his state- Armed Forces of the United States. In the Philippine Scouts, Philippine ment by saying they should be able to this century, 200,000 have taken the Army, that helped the United States in vote for statehood. Indeed, they should. pledge to defend our country. As re- the sad, sad days of 1941 when the Japa- That is not the question here. The cently as the Vietnam war, almost as nese Empire extended its military and question is should not they be able to many Puerto Ricans as Mississippians Naval forces southward in Asia. vote for other statuses also, and should gave their lives for our country. And as Many of the 50,000 Cambodians in my we stack the deck against them and in recently as the Gulf War, when Amer- City of Long Beach have talked to me favor of statehood? Listen. I want ev- ican casualties were miraculously low, and asked if Cambodia could become a erybody to understand this. We cannot four Puerto Ricans died for the United State. Now, that would be a wonderful have self-determination if the people States of America. idea. They are wonderful people. No who are going to have the plebiscite do Mr. Chairman, if that is not the price people except the Jews, the Kurds, the not agree with the definitions, if we to pay for the privilege of deciding Armenians, and a few others have had say to those people when they walk whether or not they want to be a State, to go through the hell that the people into the ballot box, and this is what we then what is? They have paid the price. of Cambodia have gone through. One are asking them to do: statehood, citi- They deserve the right to make that million were killed by Pol Pot. But as zenship guaranteed; commonwealth, decision. I have told them, it does not make maybe, including those thousands and Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues sense for them to be a State of the thousands that have served in the to please vote in favor of this bill. United States. We have to draw the Armed Forces that are citizens today. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield line. That is weighting it against, and it is 3 minutes to the gentleman from Cali- And for those who have small States unfair. fornia (Mr. HORN), one of the Members and want the second representative, So if we are going to bring up the that would probably be considered the just forget about it if six representa- courage, if we are going to bring up the least partisan of all on both sides of tives come in from anywhere, Puerto commitment and the service, let them the aisle. Rico or any other territory that seeks decide in a fair manner what their fu- (Mr. HORN asked and was given per- statehood. ture is. And I remind my colleagues, mission to revise and extend his re- The niceness of the people and their this is not a group of people. It is not marks.) heroism, we should honor. But we a territory. It is a nation. They feel Mr. HORN. Mr. Chairman, I thank should not be getting ourselves entan- that they are a nation. Puerto Rico is the gentleman from New York (Mr. gled in situations that will be another a separate and distinct country. SOLOMON), chairman of the Committee Quebec, no matter how much we teach Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield on Rules, for yielding me this time. the English language. And, frankly, we myself the balance of my time. Mr. Chairman, I feel very strongly in have to say ‘‘no’’ from the beginning. Mr. Chairman, briefly, the reason I support of the amendment offered by Let us not make a major mistake. Vote have opposed this bill in its present H786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 form is because it sets in motion a pro- similate'' Puerto Rico into the United States I urge the passage of H.R. 856. cedure that would possibly bring Puer- and believe the only way to ``assimilate'' these Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- to Rico into the Union with a simple residents is to declare English as the official man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman vote of 50 percent plus 1. When Alaska language. This is not true. At least four terri- from New York (Mr. ENGEL). came in, 83 percent of the people want- tories: Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Chairman, I rise in ed statehood. When Hawaii came in, 94 Hawaii were admitted as states with constitu- strong support of H.R. 856. To me this percent of the people wanted state- tional provisions protecting the rights of is a question of equity and fairness. hood. We cannot have another Quebec French, Spanish, Native American, and Native There are nearly 4 million Puerto on our hands like Canada. If the over- Hawaiian speaking residents. How can we im- Ricans who are American citizens who whelming majority of the people of pose different standards of Puerto Rico. are denied the right to self-determina- Puerto Rico want statehood, I will be Many would have us believe that Puerto tion. This bill simply starts a process. the first to stand up here to fight for Rico residents have no interest in speaking or It is nothing more, nothing less. their admittance. Until that time, I teaching or conducting business in English. We will be able to find out from this think we should oppose this bill. This is simply not true. For example: process what Puerto Ricans want. We Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- 85 percent of Post-Secondary school stu- can then respond to that process. This man, I yield 1 minute to the gentle- dents speak English and Spanish. is only fair. The people of Puerto Rico woman from Hawaii (Mrs. MINK). English is used in all official communications did not ask to be a part of this country Mrs. MINK of Hawaii. Mr. Chairman, by federal agencies on the island. All docu- 100 years ago, remember. They became I thank the gentleman from Puerto ments presented before the United States Dis- a part by the Spanish-American War, Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) for yield- trict Court for the District of Puerto Rico are in and as was pointed out, they have been ing me this time. English. Court proceedings in the Federal loyal citizens. They have the same Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- Court are conducted in English. right to self-determination as all port of H.R. 856, and oppose the Solo- Since 1900 the public school system has of- Americans do. mon amendment and support the Mil- fered bilingual education. English is taught Mr. Chairman, I represent a district in the Bronx, in Westchester County in ler substitute. from Kindergarten through 12 grade. Mr. Chairman, I commend the gen- The Puerto Rico Department of Education is New York. We have many, many Puer- to Ricans living there and the people tleman from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) for implementing a program to strengthen the bi- his leadership in this matter. His State lingual skills of public school students. This are positively excited about the fact that their brethren on Puerto Rico will and my State went through years and program consists of a strong emphasis on have the opportunity to have this dia- years of agony, of pleading with this reading English and Spanish starting in Kin- logue. As my colleague from Hawaii Congress to be admitted as a complete dergarten; English textbooks in math and said, the people of Alaska and Hawaii partner, as a State. We went through science; English immersion programs; as well went through much the same thing. much this same type of argument on as teacher exchange programs between the Much of the arguments that were many side issues. And I regret that my continental United States and Puerto Rico to raised against them coming into the dear friends are in opposition to this improve English teaching skills. Union are being raised now. proposal on the grounds that they do 32 professions in Puerto Rico require their We do not favor any one thing. We not feel that the ballot is fairly stated. members to take licensing examinations in want the process to start. The people of The central issue here is that the English. They include Accounting, Architec- Puerto Rico deserve nothing less. people of Puerto Rico are being given ture, Engineering, Medicine, and Optometry. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- the decision-making opportunity. They Puerto Rico's largest weekly newspaper, The man, I yield myself such time as I may have to cast their ballots one way or Caribbean Business, and the Pulitzer Prize- consume. another. The issue of statehood versus winning The San Juan Star, the third largest Mr. Chairman, I guess we should be commonwealth will be clearly debated daily newspaper, are both completely in discussing here an amendment as to by the people. English. whether this Nation should be allowed Mr. Chairman, I feel that this is an Even with this English foundation already to invade any country that does not issue which goes to the very heart of existing in Puerto Rico, H.R. 856 stresses the speak English. That is the problem. this democracy and the people of Puer- need for a continued English presence by stat- Mr. Chairman, there has been so to Rico ought to be given the right to ing that ``English shall be the common lan- much demagoguery here. When they vote. guage of mutual understanding in the United discuss it they say that we are not al- Mr. Chairman, H.R. 856 is the first congres- States.'' lowing the people that support com- sionally recognized framework that establishes Proposing an ``English-only'' amendment to monwealth to vote because we say that a referendum for the people of Puerto Rico to H.R. 856 opens up an issue larger than Puer- citizenship is statutory. What else is determine whether they choose to be a com- to Rico. An amendment declaring English as it? There is a Constitution of the monwealth, state, or independent nation. the official language of the United States af- United States that says that those H.R. 856 is not a bill granting statehood, it fects every state. This is an unnecessary born in a State are citizens and also is a bill to allow American citizens to deter- amendment that is larger than the bill at hand those that are naturalized are citizens. mine their political future. Some argue against and should be debated standing alone and not The Constitution does not say any- H.R. 856 because they do not like the defini- attached to H.R. 856. thing else. tion of commonwealth or simply do not sup- English is by far our Nation's common lan- So it is by law in 1917 that estab- port statehood and do not want to see the guage. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, lished that those born in Puerto Rico same rights and benefits accorded all states 95 percent of Americans currently speak shall be citizens of the United States, given to Puerto Rico. We do not know how the English ``well'' or ``very well.'' It is because so we are citizens by a statute. And people of Puerto Rico will vote. However, we English is already the language of the U.S. that statute cannot be repealed to deny owe our fellow Americans the chance to de- and its people, and because there is no threat those that are citizens the right of citi- cide for themselves what relationship they that English will be subsumed by other lan- zenship. But that statute can be re- wish to have with the United States. guages, that I do not think English-Only pealed to say and amended to say that For example, some say the bill's definition amendments affecting all Americans should be those that are born from the year 2,000 of Puerto Rico's current territorial or ``common- enacted. on will no longer be citizens by reason wealth'' status is not attractive as statehood. For the past 100 years, the people of Puerto of birth, and the people of Puerto Rico Each status has its advantages and disadvan- Rico have served America with loyalty, pride should know that under commonwealth tages. If a majority of the residents of Puerto and commitment. They have a right to decide that could happen. We say it will prob- Rico were to choose to remain a common- what form of relationship Puerto Rico should ably not happen because it is the policy wealth under H.R. 856, their relationship with have with the United States. I support a plebi- of the Nation to maintain those that the United States would not change. scite. Hawaii as a Territory also was accorded are born in Puerto Rico from now on There are some who oppose the possibility U.S. citizens status and later voted to become also as citizens, but they must know of Puerto Rico becoming a state because both a state. The people of Puerto Rico should also the truth. Spanish and English are the official languages decide this for themselves. H.R. 856 allows The people of the commonwealth of Puerto Rico. These opponents wish to ``as- them to do so. have been voting for lies for many, March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H787 many years and they have been misled. political freedom. We must allow the United free association is a possibility for Puerto Rico The United Nations was misled when States citizens living in Puerto Rico to deter- to consider at some point in the future, but this country went to the United Na- mine their political future as well. given the present political makeup of the com- tions and said Puerto Rico has Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Chairman, I rise in oppo- monwealth, I do not believe it should be in- achieved a full measure of self-govern- sition to H.R. 856, the United States-Puerto cluded on the ballot at this time. ment. All of my colleagues know that I Rico Political Status Act. Before I make my specific comments on am here and I cannot vote. I cannot Back during my baseball days, I actually H.R. 856, I want to note for the record that I even vote for this bill that is so impor- lived in Puerto Rico for two years. And I think think it is critically important that throughout tant for the people of Puerto Rico. I have some idea about life on the island. It this process, as an institution, Congress must Mr. Chairman, all we are asking is has a long, rich history, and a vibrant culture. present itself as fair and as evenhanded as give us an opportunity for self-deter- Living there was a wonderful experience. mination. Give us an opportunity to But, I think that it's this history and culture possible. When I speak of self-determination vote whether we want to stay as we are that dictate that Puerto Rico should be inde- for Puerto Rico, in my mind, that means the or we want to be a State or we want to pendent from the United States. No matter people of Puerto Rico choose their own be independent. This is self-determina- how hard the proponents of statehood, or course, and in making that choice all options tion, what we have fought for on for- those who support continuing commonwealth should be available for the people of Puerto eign soils all over the world. status, argue their case, I don't think they can Rico to consider. b 1400 reconcile the fact that Puerto Rico has strong Even though Congress has plenary authority Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- traditions that profoundly separates it from over Puerto Rico, I believe it would be a seri- man, I yield myself the balance of my America. ous mistake for the Congress to impose its will time. It is a separation that cannot be bridged. upon the people of Puerto Rico without fair Again, this is our opportunity, as we I recognize that on the surface there are and equitable consultation with the Puerto close this debate to thank everybody similarities between America and Puerto Rico. Rican leaders and the people. I place such participating in the debate for their de- Politically and economically some links have high concern on this issue because it is my corum and their honesty and their been forged during Puerto Rico's years as an sense that if Congress is not scrupulously strong beliefs. I believe that this is the American Commonwealth. evenhanded in this regard, three things can correct way to go. I believe it is the But these connections are only skin deep. happen. First, the U.S. citizens in Puerto Rico right thing to do. This is justice. Beyond that the customs and culture of Puerto lose their trust in the process and in Congress I will strongly oppose the Solomon Rico are predominantly their own, or much as an institution. Second, if events do not go amendment. I will support the biparti- more closely identified with other Latin or His- as smoothly as Congress might hope, it will be san amendment of BURTON-YOUNG-MIL- panic cultures. the Congress that will be blamed for the prob- LER, and I suggest respectfully that The vast majority of its residents speak lems, and rightfully so. Third, we all know po- this is the right thing for Congress Spanish, not English. And in the most recent litical status is an emotional issue in Puerto today. And as we stop this great cen- referenda, held just five years ago, the resi- Rico. The Commonwealth has a long history tury and begin a new century, the right dents were profoundly divided over their is- of fair and impartial elections with voting per- thing to do for the Americans of Puer- land's future. None of the optionsÐindepend- centages which are the envy of every state of to Rico and the great United States of ence, statehood, or commonwealth statusÐre- the United States. If the political status selec- America. ceived even a majority vote, much less a ring- tion process were perceived as unfair, I fear Mr. LAZIO of New York. Mr. Chairman, I ing endorsement. the consequences of even the perception of rise in support of the Puerto Rico Political Sta- If an overwhelming majority of residents partiality, and again, I believe Congress would tus Act. The bill would grant the four million wanted to join the United States that would be have to take its share of the blame and re- U.S. citizens living in Puerto Rico the right to one thing. But the indecision among Puerto sponsibility. determine their own future. Ricans simply reflects the fact that the dis- This year marks the one hundredth anniver- tance between the U.S. and Puerto Rico is Mr. Chairman, as I see it, the underlying sary of Puerto Rico's accession into the much greater than the 950 miles of ocean that problem, if it is a problem at all, is that over United States at the end of the Spanish-Amer- separate San Juan from Miami. 90% of the people of Puerto Rico are almost ican War. Over that time, Puerto Rico has Mr. Chairman, I think Puerto Rico should be evenly split on which political course they made major contributions to this nation, includ- independent. I don't think it should be a state, should follow. As a result of this, no one group ing the service of more than 200,000 of its and I don't think it should be a commonwealth. can obtain a majority of votes. Until that young men and women in the armed forces of And I think that no matter what we do here changes, any affirmative action Congress the United States. More than 8,000 have given today, there is no way we can overcome the takes will not be in accordance with the wish- their lives in defense of our nation's freedom. fact that America and Puerto Rico are sepa- es of the majority in Puerto Rico. Given those Given the many contributions residents of rated by profound differences. facts, I believe it is neither wise, nor good pol- Puerto Rico have made to the United States, The bill before us today claims to present us icy, to tilt the scales, just to acquire a majority. I support this initiative for Puerto Rico's self- with a choice for helping Puerto Ricans deter- I do have a few concerns with this legisla- determination. mine their future. But, it is a false choice be- tion I want to note. I have said repeatedly that The self-determination process of H.R. 856 cause no matter how long we debate this mat- I do not like the idea of one political group de- ensures that the people of Puerto Rico and ter in Congress, and no matter how many fining another political group's definition of the people of the United States, through their referenda are held in Puerto Rico, their is only itself. To a certain extent, we have that prob- representatives in Congress, will each have a one inevitable outcomeÐindependence. lem in this billÐthe bill contains a definition of voice in the three stages of resolving Puerto Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Chairman, I rise Commonwealth status, but it was not drafted Rico's political status. As you know, the bill al- today in support of the Young-Miller substitute and is not supported by the political party lows residents of Puerto Rico to determine the for H.R. 856, the United States-Puerto Rico which supports that status. It is difficult to ask Political Status Act. political status of their island by a democratic a political organization to vote for or support a The political status of Puerto Rico has been referendum process. Under the bill, voters status its members do not support, and that is a topic of discussion of the Committee on Re- choose either to retain the current common- a serious concern I have with this bill. The sit- sources, and its predecessor Committees, for wealth structure for local self government as a uation is complicated by the apparent reluc- decades. My interest in Puerto Rico began in territory, separate sovereignty, or statehood. tance of the Popular Democratic Party to pro- This bill does not mandate that Puerto Rico the 1970's when I was a member of the staff vide a definition of ``Commonwealth'' which become a state. The bill would leave the deci- of Congressman Phil Burton of California. I could be included in the bill. sion to the local residents to exercise their col- learned then of the political divisions within lective voice and determine the future of Puer- Puerto Rico, and those political divisions are Because of the opposition of the one of the to Rico. However, should residents favor still in existence. major political parties to a key definition in the statehood, the bill outlines a transition plan From my perspective, all three political par- bill, it was not an easy decision for me to sup- that includes incentives and opportunities for ties in Puerto Rico make persuasive argu- port this bill. I support the definitions contained residents to learn English. ments in support of their respective positions, in the Young-Miller substitute, but want to note Mr. Chairman, the United States is known and I believe all three are viable political op- that I do not consider the definition of Com- the world over as the promoter and keeper of tions. Additionally, I believe a political status of monwealth as describing a static relationship H788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 as some have stated. Rather, I believe it de- would receive if it was a State and its resi- Sec. 7. Availability of funds for the scribes the current dynamic relationship be- dents contributed into the Highway Trust referenda. tween the people of Puerto Rico and the peo- Fund. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. ple of the United States, which can and should In fact, under existing formulas, if Puerto The Congress finds the following: be changed over time. Rico was a State it would receive back in fed- (1) Puerto Rico was ceded to the United Secondly, while some may not consider eral highway dollars far more than what it con- States and came under this Nation’s sov- ereignty pursuant to the Treaty of Paris Puerto Rico's current relationship with the tributes in motor fuel taxes as is the case with ending the Spanish-American War in 1898. United States to be a permanent one, it does Hawaii, Connecticut and many other States. Article IX of the Treaty of Paris recognized not make sense to force a change on the peo- Is there a pressing need to make transpor- the authority of Congress to provide for the ple of Puerto Rico which they do not want. It tation improvements in Puerto Rico, yes, cer- political status of the inhabitants of the ter- would be a serious mistake to encourage the tainly. ritory. people into a ``permanent'' political status that Anyone who has driven the streets of (2) Consistent with establishment of will not best serve their long-term interests. Santruce, of Rios Piedras, of Bayamon or any- United States nationality for inhabitants of Third, Mr. Speaker, is the issue of the use where else in San Juan knows of the massive Puerto Rico under the Treaty of Paris, Con- gress has exercised its powers under the Ter- of the English and Spanish languages in Puer- congestion which plagues that city. ritorial Clause of the Constitution (article to Rico. Coming from an insular area in which This is not to say that the government is not IV, section 3, clause 2) to provide by several Samoan and English are spoken I see nothing making efforts to make improvements. statutes beginning in 1917, for the United to gain and much to lose by forcing the citi- For example, Tren Urbano is one of if not States citizenship status of persons born in zens of Puerto Rico to give up part of their the best new transit start anywhere in the Puerto Rico. Spanish heritage by prohibiting them from United States. Yet, the federal share currently (3) Consistent with the Territorial Clause speaking to each other in Spanish. is only 30% of that project while other, less and rulings of the United States Supreme On the other hand, we will not be well deserving transit projects, have federal share Court, partial application of the United States Constitution has been established in served as a nation if the vast majority of the of at least 50% with some up to 80%. the unincorporated territories of the United citizens of one of our states do not speak Why is this? I think in part it is due to the States including Puerto Rico. English, and speak it well. The example of resourcefulness of the governor and his ad- (4) In 1950, Congress prescribed a procedure Quebec, Canada has been often discussed ministration. But I also think it is in part be- for instituting internal self-government for these last few weeks, but that is not the only cause they feel there may be limits to the ex- Puerto Rico pursuant to statutory author- example. I would also point to the problems in tent of federal transit dollars they can seek ization for a local constitution. A local con- the Balkans and in many countries in sub-Sa- under Commonwealth status. stitution was approved by the people of haran Africa. This is a very difficult issue In conclusion, I would observe that the peo- Puerto Rico, approved by Congress, subject ple of Puerto Rico have shed their blood in to conforming amendment by Puerto Rico, which I believe is appropriately addressed in and thereupon given effect in 1952 after ac- the Burton-Miller-Young amendment, and I defense of the United States. For over 100 ceptance of congressional conditions by the support that amendment. years they have been a junior partner in the Puerto Rico Constitutional Convention and Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support development of the greatest Democracy in the an appropriate proclamation by the Gov- of H.R. 856, legislation which would provide a world that is this country. The relationship has ernor. The approved constitution established framework by which the people of Puerto Rico been mutually beneficial. the structure for constitutional government may determine their political status. However, I believe it is time, once again, for in respect of internal affairs without altering Various speakers during today's debate will the people of Puerto Rico to make a deter- Puerto Rico’s fundamental political, social, discuss a number of aspects of this legislation mination as to their political status. and economic relationship with the United States and without restricting the authority and the sensitive issues it raises. Do they want a full seat at the table that is of Congress under the Territorial Clause to However, as the ranking Democratic Mem- these United States, to be a full and equal determine the application of Federal law to ber on the Subcommittee on Surface Trans- partner, or do they want to continue to sit at Puerto Rico, resulting in the present ‘‘Com- portation, I will limit my remarks to how Puerto that table on a small stool as a common- monwealth’’ structure for local self-govern- Rico is currently being treated under the fed- wealth, or do they want to go their own way ment. The Commonwealth remains an unin- eral highway and transit programs, and what as a separate nation. corporated territory and does not have the the process of self-determination could mean That is what this legislation is about. status of ‘‘free association’’ with the United to the island. I urge a yes vote on H.R. 856. States as that status is defined under United Today, the people of Puerto Rico are the The CHAIRMAN. All time for general States law or international practice. (5) In 1953, the United States transmitted beneficiaries of federal highway dollars even debate has expired. to the Secretary-General of the United Na- though they do not pay any federal motor fuel Pursuant to the rule, the amendment tions for circulation to its Members a formal taxes into the Highway Trust Fund. in the nature of a substitute printed in notification that the United States no longer On the surface, that may appear to be a the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and num- would transmit information regarding Puer- good deal of Puerto Rico and a bad deal for bered 1 is considered as an original bill to Rico to the United Nations pursuant to the rest of the country. for the purpose of amendment and is Article 73(e) of its Charter. The formal Yet, our contribution to the highway infra- considered as having been read. United States notification document in- structure of the island is relatively small. In- The text of the amendment in the na- formed the United Nations that the ces- ture of a substitute is as follows: sation of information on Puerto Rico was deed, over the six-year life of ISTEA, starting based on the ‘‘new constitutional arrange- with 1992 and ending with 1997, Puerto Rico Amendment in the nature of a sub- ments’’ in the territory, and the United received $492 million in federal highway dol- stitute: States expressly defined the scope of the lars. Strike all after the enacting clause and in- ‘‘full measure’’ of local self-government in It is interesting to note that with a population sert the following: Puerto Rico as extending to matters of ‘‘in- of about 3.8 million people, Puerto Rico re- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. ternal government and administration, sub- ceived considerably less than Hawaii, a State (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as ject only to compliance with applicable pro- with similar characteristics in terms of the fac- the ‘‘United States-Puerto Rico Political visions of the Federal Constitution, the Status Act’’. tors used to apportion federal highway dollars Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act and the (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con- acts of Congress authorizing and approving to the States. tents for this Act is as follows: the Constitution, as may be interpreted by With a much smaller population of 1.2 mil- Sec. 1. Short title, table of contents. judicial decision.’’. Thereafter, the General lion, Hawaii received a little more than $1.2 Sec. 2. Findings. Assembly of the United Nations, based upon billion in federal highway dollars during ISTEA Sec. 3. Policy. consent of the inhabitants of the territory compared to the $492 million sent to Puerto Sec. 4. Process for Puerto Rican full self- and the United States explanation of the new Rico. government, including the ini- status as approved by Congress, adopted Res- On the other hand, if we simply look to pop- tial decision stage, transition olution 748 (VIII) by a vote of 22 to 18 with 19 ulation, Connecticut with about 3.3 million peo- stage, and implementation abstentions, thereby accepting the United stage. States determination to cease reporting to ple received $2.2 billion over ISTEA compared Sec. 5. Requirements relating to referenda, the United Nations on the status of Puerto to Puerto Rico's $492 million. including inconclusive referen- Rico. As such, while Puerto Rico, which pays no dum and applicable laws. (6) In 1960, the United Nations General As- federal motor fuel taxes, receives federal high- Sec. 6. Congressional procedures for consid- sembly approved Resolution 1541 (XV), clari- way dollars, the amount is nowhere near it eration of legislation. fying that under United Nations standards March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H789 regarding the political status options avail- ‘‘. . . a plebiscite sponsored by the Federal ‘‘(1) Puerto Rico is joined in a relationship able to the people of territories yet to com- Government, to be held no later than 1998’’. with and under the national sovereignty of plete the process for achieving full self-gov- (14) Nearly 4,000,000 United States citizens the United States. It is the policy of the Con- ernment, the three established forms of full live in the islands of Puerto Rico, which gress that this relationship should only be self-government are national independence, have been under United States sovereignty dissolved by mutual consent. free association based on separate sov- and within the United States customs terri- ‘‘(2) Under this political relationship, Puer- ereignty, or full integration with another na- tory for almost 100 years, making Puerto to Rico like a State is an autonomous politi- tion on the basis of equality. Rico the oldest, largest, and most populous cal entity, sovereign over matters not ruled (7) The ruling of the United States Su- United States island territory at the south- by the Constitution of the United States. In preme Court in the 1980 case Harris v. eastern-most boundary of our Nation, lo- the exercise of this sovereignty, the laws of Rosario (446 U.S. 651) confirmed that Con- cated astride the strategic shipping lanes of the Commonwealth shall govern in Puerto gress continues to exercise authority over the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Rico to the extent that they are consistent Puerto Rico pursuant to the Territorial (15) Full self-government is attainable only with the Constitution, treaties, and laws of Clause found at Article IV, section 3, clause through establishment of a political status the United States. Congress retains its con- 2 of the United States Constitution; and in which is based on either separate sov- stitutional authority to enact laws it deems the 1982 case of Rodriguez v. Popular Demo- ereignty and nationality or full and equal necessary relating to Puerto Rico. cratic Party (457 U.S. 1), the Court confirmed United States nationality and citizenship ‘‘(3) Persons born in Puerto Rico have that the Congress delegated powers of ad- through membership in the Union. United States citizenship by statute as se- cured by the Constitution. It is the policy of ministration to the Commonwealth of Puer- SEC. 3. POLICY. the United States that citizenship will con- to Rico sufficient for it to function ‘‘like a (a) CONGRESSIONAL COMMITMENT.—In rec- tinue to be granted to persons born in Puerto State’’ and as ‘‘an autonomous political en- ognition of the significant level of local self- Rico. The rights, privileges, and immunities tity’’ in respect of internal affairs and ad- government which has been attained by provided for by the United States Constitu- ministration, ‘‘sovereign over matters not Puerto Rico, and the responsibility of the tion apply in Puerto Rico, except where lim- ruled by the Constitution’’ of the United Federal Government to enable the people of ited by the Constitution to citizens residing States. These rulings constitute judicial in- the territory to freely express their wishes in a State. terpretation of Puerto Rico’s status which is regarding political status and achieve full self-government, this Act is adopted with a ‘‘(4) Puerto Rico will continue to partici- in accordance with the clear intent of Con- pate in Federal programs and may be en- gress that establishment of local constitu- commitment to encourage the development and implementation of procedures through abled to participate equally with the States tional government in 1952 did not alter Puer- in the programs where it is not now partici- to Rico’s fundamental status. which the permanent political status of the people of Puerto Rico can be determined. pating equally contingent on the payment of (8) In a joint letter dated January 17, 1989, contributions, which may include payment cosigned by the Governor of Puerto Rico in (b) LANGUAGE.—English is the common lan- guage of mutual understanding in the United of taxes, as provided by Federal law. his capacity as president of one of Puerto ‘‘B. SEPARATE SOVEREIGNTY.—If you agree, States, and in all of the States duly and free- Rico’s principal political parties and the mark here lll presidents of the two other principal politi- ly admitted to the Union. The Congress rec- ‘‘The people of Puerto Rico should become cal parties of Puerto Rico, the United States ognizes that at the present time, Spanish fully self-governing through separate sov- was formally advised that ‘‘. . . the People of and English are the joint official languages ereignty in the form of independence or free Puerto Rico wish to be consulted as to their of Puerto Rico, and have been for nearly 100 association, in which— preference with regards to their ultimate po- years; that English is the official language of ‘‘(1) Puerto Rico is a sovereign Republic litical status’’, and the joint letter stated Federal courts in Puerto Rico; that the abil- which has full authority and responsibility ‘‘. . . that since Puerto Rico came under the ity to speak English is a requirement for over its territory and population under a sovereignty of the United States of America Federal jury services; yet Spanish rather constitution which is the supreme law, pro- through the Treaty of Paris in 1898, the Peo- than English is currently the predominant viding for a republican form of government ple of Puerto Rico have not been formally language used by the majority of the people and the protection of human rights; consulted by the United States of America as of Puerto Rico; and that Congress has the ‘‘(2) the Republic of Puerto Rico is a mem- to their choice of their ultimate political authority to expand existing English lan- ber of the community of nations vested with status’’. guage requirements in the Commonwealth of full powers and responsibilities for its own (9) In the 1989 State of the Union Message, Puerto Rico. In the event that the referenda fiscal and monetary policy, immigration, President George Bush urged the Congress to held under this Act result in approval of sov- trade, and the conduct in its own name and take the necessary steps to authorize a fed- ereignty leading to Statehood, it is antici- right of relations with other nations and erally recognized process allowing the people pated that upon accession to Statehood, international organizations, including the of Puerto Rico, for the first time since the English language requirements of the Fed- rights and responsibilities that devolve upon Treaty of Paris entered into force, to freely eral Government shall apply in Puerto Rico a sovereign nation under the general prin- express their wishes regarding their future to the same extent as Federal law requires ciples of international law; political status in a congressionally recog- throughout the United States. Congress also ‘‘(3) the residents of Puerto Rico owe alle- nized referendum, a step in the process of recognizes the significant advantage that giance to and have the nationality and citi- self-determination which the Congress has proficiency in Spanish as well as English has zenship of the Republic of Puerto Rico; yet to authorize. bestowed on the people of Puerto Rico, and ‘‘(4) The Constitution and laws of the (10) On November 14, 1993, the Government further that this will serve the best interests United States no longer apply in Puerto of Puerto Rico conducted a plebiscite initi- of both Puerto Rico and the rest of the Rico, and United States sovereignty in Puer- ated under local law on Puerto Rico’s politi- United States in our mutual dealings in the to Rico is ended; thereupon birth in Puerto cal status. In that vote none of the three sta- Caribbean, Latin America, and throughout Rico or relationship to persons with statu- tus propositions received a majority of the the Spanish-speaking world. tory United States citizenship by birth in votes cast. The results of that vote were: 48.6 SEC. 4. PROCESS FOR PUERTO RICAN FULL SELF- the former territory shall cease to be a basis percent for a commonwealth option, 46.3 per- GOVERNMENT, INCLUDING THE INI- for United States nationality or citizenship, TIAL DECISION STAGE, TRANSITION cent statehood, and 4.4 percent independ- STAGE, AND IMPLEMENTATION except that persons who had such United ence. STAGE. States citizenship have a statutory right to (11) In a letter dated December 2, 1994, (a) INITIAL DECISION STAGE.—A referendum retain United States nationality and citizen- President William Jefferson Clinton in- on Puerto Rico’s political status is author- ship for life, by entitlement or election as formed leaders in Congress that an Executive ized to be held not later than December 31, provided by the United States Congress, Branch Interagency Working Group on Puer- 1998. The referendum shall be held pursuant based on continued allegiance to the United to Rico had been organized to coordinate the to this Act and in accordance with the appli- States: Provided, That such persons will not review, development, and implementation of cable provisions of Puerto Rico’s electoral have this statutory United States national- executive branch policy concerning issues af- law and other relevant statutes consistent ity and citizenship status upon having or fecting Puerto Rico, including the November with this Act. Approval of a status option maintaining allegiance, nationality, and 1993 plebiscite. must be by a majority of the valid votes citizenship rights in any sovereign nation, (12) Under the Territorial Clause of the cast. The referendum shall be on the ap- including the Republic of Puerto Rico, other Constitution, Congress has the authority and proval of 1 of the 3 options presented on the than the United States; responsibility to determine Federal policy ballot as follows: ‘‘(5) The previously vested rights of indi- and clarify status issues in order to resolve ‘‘Instructions: Mark the status option you viduals in Puerto Rico to benefits based upon the issue of Puerto Rico’s final status. choose as each is defined below. Ballot with past services rendered or contributions made (13) On January 23, 1997, the Puerto Rico more than 1 option marked will not be to the United States shall be honored by the Legislature enacted Concurrent Resolution counted. United States as provided by Federal law; 2, which requested the 105th Congress ‘‘. . . to ‘‘A. COMMONWEALTH.—If you agree, mark ‘‘(6) Puerto Rico and the United States respond to the democratic aspirations of the here lll seek to develop friendly and cooperative re- American citizens of Puerto Rico’’ by ap- ‘‘Puerto Rico should retain Common- lations in matters of mutual interest as proving legislation authorizing wealth, in which— agreed in treaties approved pursuant to their H790 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998

respective constitutional processes, and laws gress by the President with the transition (2) CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION.—The including economic and programmatic as- plan required by this section, along with the joint resolution shall be considered by the sistance at levels and for a reasonable period views of the President regarding the compat- Congress in accordance with section 6. as provided on a government-to-government ibility of such proposals and recommenda- (3) PUERTO RICAN APPROVAL.— basis, trade between customs territories, tions with the United States Constitution (A) Within 180 days after enactment of the transit of citizens in accordance with immi- and this Act, and identifying which, if any, terms of implementation for full self-govern- gration laws, and status of United States of such proposals and recommendations have ment for Puerto Rico, a referendum shall be military forces; and been addressed in the President’s proposed held under the applicable provisions of Puer- ‘‘(7) a free association relationship may be transition plan. to Rico’s electoral laws on the question of established based on separate sovereign re- (C) Additionally, in the event of a vote in the approval of the terms of implementation public status as defined above, but with such favor of United States sovereignty leading to for full self-government for Puerto Rico. delegations of government functions and Statehood, the President shall include in the (B) Approval must be by a majority of the other cooperative arrangements as may be transition plan provided for in this Act— valid votes cast. The results of the referen- agreed to by both parties under a bilateral (i) proposals and incentives to increase the dum shall be certified to the President of the pact terminable at will by either the United opportunities of the people of Puerto Rico to United States. States or Puerto Rico. learn to speak, read, write, and understand SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO ‘‘C. STATEHOOD.—If you agree, mark here REFERENDA, INCLUDING INCONCLU- lll English fully, including but not limited to, the teaching of English in public schools, fel- SIVE REFERENDUM AND APPLICA- ‘‘Puerto Rico should become fully self gov- BLE LAWS. lowships, and scholarships. The transition erning through Statehood, in which— (a) APPLICABLE LAWS.— plan should promote the usage of English by ‘‘(1) the people of Puerto Rico are fully (1) REFERENDA UNDER PUERTO RICAN LAWS.— self-governing with their rights secured the United States citizens of Puerto Rico, in The referenda held under this Act shall be under the United States Constitution, which order to best allow for— conducted in accordance with the applicable shall be fully applicable in Puerto Rico and (I) the enhancement of the century old laws of Puerto Rico, including laws of Puerto which, with the laws and treaties of the practice of English as an official language of Rico under which voter eligibility is deter- United States, is the supreme law and has Puerto Rico, consistent with the preserva- mined and which require United States citi- the same force and effect as in the other tion of our Nation’s unity in diversity and zenship and establish other statutory re- States of the Union; the prevention of divisions along linguistic quirements for voter eligibility of residents ‘‘(2) the State of Puerto Rico becomes a lines; and nonresidents. part of the permanent union of the United (II) the use of language skills necessary to (2) FEDERAL LAWS.—The Federal laws ap- States of America, subject to the United contribute most effectively to the Nation in plicable to the election of the Resident Com- States Constitution, with powers not prohib- all aspects, including but not limited to missioner of Puerto Rico shall, as appro- ited by the Constitution to the States, re- Hemispheric trade; priate and consistent with this Act, also served to the State of Puerto Rico in its sov- (III) the promotion of efficiency to all peo- apply to the referenda. Any reference in such ereignty or to the people; ple in the conduct of the Federal and State Federal laws to elections shall be considered, ‘‘(3) United States citizenship of those born government’s official business; and as appropriate, to be a reference to the in Puerto Rico is recognized, protected and (IV) the ability of all citizens to take full referenda, unless it would frustrate the pur- secured in the same way it is for all United advantage of the economical, educational, poses of this Act. States citizens born in the other States; and occupational opportunities through full (b) CERTIFICATION OF REFERENDA RE- ‘‘(4) rights, freedoms, and benefits as well integration with the United States; and SULTS.—The results of each referendum held as duties and responsibilities of citizenship, (ii) the effective date of incorporation, under this Act shall be certified to the Presi- including payment of Federal taxes, apply in thereby permitting the greatest degree of dent of the United States and the Senate and the same manner as in the several States; flexibility for the phase-in of Federal pro- House of Representatives of the United ‘‘(5) Puerto Rico is represented by two grams and the development of the economy States by the Government of Puerto Rico. members in the United States Senate and is through fiscal incentives, alternative tax ar- (c) CONSULTATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS represented in the House of Representatives rangements, and other measures. FOR INCONCLUSIVE REFERENDUM.— proportionate to the population; (D) In the event of a vote in favor of Com- (1) IN GENERAL.—If a referendum provided ‘‘(6) United States citizens in Puerto Rico monwealth, the Government of Puerto Rico in section 4(b) or (c) of this Act does not re- are enfranchised to vote in elections for the may call a Special Convention to develop sult in approval of a fully self-governing sta- President and Vice President of the United proposals for submission to the President tus, the President, in consultation with offi- States; and and the Congress for changes in Federal pol- cials of the three branches of the Govern- ‘‘(7) English is the official language of icy on matters of economic and social con- ment of Puerto Rico, the principal political business and communication in Federal cern to the people of Puerto Rico. The Presi- parties of Puerto Rico, and other interested courts and Federal agencies as made applica- dent and the Congress, as appropriate, shall persons as may be appropriate, shall make ble by Federal law to every other State, and expeditiously consider any such proposals. recommendations to the Congress within 180 Puerto Rico is enabled to expand and build The Commonwealth would assume any ex- days of receipt of the results of the referen- upon existing law establishing English as an penses related to increased responsibilities dum regarding completion of the self-deter- official language of the State government, resulting from such proposals. mination process for Puerto Rico under the courts, and agencies.’’. (2) CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION.—The authority of Congress. (b) TRANSITION STAGE.— plan shall be considered by the Congress in (2) ADDITIONAL REFERENDA.—To ensure that (1) PLAN.—(A) Within 180 days of the re- accordance with section 6. the Congress is able on a continuing basis to ceipt of the results of the referendum from (3) PUERTO RICAN APPROVAL.— exercise its Territorial Clause powers with the Government of Puerto Rico certifying (A) Not later than 180 days after enactment due regard for the wishes of the people of approval of a ballot choice of full self-gov- of an Act pursuant to paragraph (1) provid- Puerto Rico respecting resolution of Puerto ernment in a referendum held pursuant to ing for the transition to full self-government Rico’s permanent future political status, in subsection (a), the President shall develop for Puerto Rico as approved in the initial de- the event that a referendum conducted under and submit to Congress legislation for a cision referendum held under subsection (a), section 4(a) does not result in a majority transition plan of not more than 10 years a referendum shall be held under the applica- vote for separate sovereignty or statehood, which leads to full self-government for Puer- there is authorized to be further referenda in to Rico consistent with the terms of this Act ble provisions of Puerto Rico’s electoral law on the question of approval of the transition accordance with this Act, but not less than and the results of the referendum and in con- once every 10 years. sultation with officials of the three branches plan. (B) Approval must be by a majority of the SEC. 6. CONGRESSIONAL PROCEDURES FOR CON- of the Government of Puerto Rico, the prin- SIDERATION OF LEGISLATION. valid votes cast. The results of the referen- cipal political parties of Puerto Rico, and (a) IN GENERAL.—The majority leader of dum shall be certified to the President of the other interested persons as may be appro- the House of Representatives (or his des- United States. priate. ignee) and the majority leader of the Senate (B) Additionally, in the event of a vote in (c) IMPLEMENTATION STAGE.— (or his designee) shall each introduce legisla- favor of separate sovereignty, the Legisla- (1) PRESIDENTIAL RECOMMENDATION.—Not tion (by request) providing for the transition ture of Puerto Rico, if deemed appropriate, less than two years prior to the end of the plan under section 4(b) and the implementa- may provide by law for the calling of a con- period of the transition provided for in the tion recommendation under section 4(c) not stituent convention to formulate, in accord- transition plan approved under subsection later than 5 legislative days after the date of ance with procedures prescribed by law, (b), the President shall submit to Congress a receipt by Congress of the submission by the Puerto Rico’s proposals and recommenda- joint resolution with a recommendation for President under that section, as the case tions to implement the referendum results. the date of termination of the transition and may be. If a convention is called for this purpose, any the date of implementation of full self-gov- (b) REFERRAL.—The legislation shall be re- proposals and recommendations formally ernment for Puerto Rico within the transi- ferred on the date of introduction to the ap- adopted by such convention within time lim- tion period consistent with the ballot choice propriate committee or committees in ac- its of this Act shall be transmitted to Con- approved under subsection (a). cordance with rules of the respective Houses. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H791 The legislation shall be reported not later (A) the legislation of the other House shall Elections Commission of Puerto Rico for than the 120th calendar day after the date of not be referred to a committee and may not referenda pursuant to this Act. its introduction. If any such committee fails be considered in the House that receives it (b) GRANTS FOR CONDUCTING REFERENDA to report the bill within that period, that otherwise than on final passage under sub- AND VOTER EDUCATION.—From amounts made committee shall be automatically discharged paragraph (B)(ii) or (iii); and available under subsection (a)(1), the Gov- from consideration of the legislation, and (B)(i) the procedure in the House that re- ernment of Puerto Rico shall make grants to the legislation shall be placed on the appro- ceives such legislation with respect to such the State Elections Commission of Puerto priate calendar. legislation that was introduced in that Rico for referenda held pursuant to the (c) CONSIDERATION.— House shall be the same as if no legislation terms of this Act, as follows: (1) After the 14th legislative day after the had been received from the other House; but date on which the last committee of the (1) 50 percent shall be available only for (ii) in the case of legislation received from costs of conducting the referenda. House of Representatives or the Senate, as the other House that is identical to the legis- the case may be, has reported or been dis- (2) 50 percent shall be available only for lation as engrossed by the receiving House, voter education funds for the central ruling charged from further consideration of such the vote on final passage shall be on the leg- legislation, it is in order after the legislation body of the political party, parties, or other islation of the other House; or qualifying entities advocating a particular has been on the calendar for 14 legislative (iii) after passage of the legislation, the days for any Member of that House in favor ballot choice. The amount allocated for ad- legislation of the other House shall be con- vocating a ballot choice under this para- of the legislation to move to proceed to the sidered as amended with the text of the leg- consideration of the legislation (after con- graph shall be apportioned equally among islation just passed and shall be considered the parties advocating that choice. sultation with the presiding officer of that as passed, and that House shall be considered House as to scheduling) to move to proceed to have insisted on its amendment and re- (c) ADDITIONAL RESOURCES.—In addition to to its consideration at any time after the quested a conference with the other House. amounts made available by this Act, the third legislative day on which the Member (2) Upon disposition of the legislation de- Puerto Rico Legislature may allocate addi- announces to the respective House concerned scribed in subsection (a) that is received by tional resources for administrative and voter the Member’s intention to do so. All points one House from the other House, it shall no education costs to each party so long as the of order against the motion to proceed and longer be in order to consider such legisla- distribution of funds is consistent with the against consideration of that motion are tion that was introduced in the receiving apportionment requirements of subsection waived. The motion is highly privileged in House. (b). the House of Representatives and is privi- leged in the Senate and is not debatable. The (e) Upon receiving from the other House a The CHAIRMAN. Before consider- motion is not subject to amendment, or to a message in which that House insists upon its ation of any other amendment, it shall motion to postpone, or to a motion to pro- amendment to the legislation and requests a be in order to consider Amendment conference with the House of Representa- ceed to the consideration of other business. number 3 printed in the RECORD, which A motion to reconsider the vote by which tives or the Senate, as the case may be, on the disagreeing votes thereon, the House re- shall be preceded by an additional pe- the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall riod of general debate confined to the not be in order. If a motion to proceed to the ceiving the request shall be considered to have disagreed to the amendment of the subject of that amendment. That de- consideration of the legislation is agreed to, bate shall not exceed 1 hour, equally the respective House shall immediately pro- other House and agreed to the conference re- ceed to consideration of the legislation with- quested by that House. divided and controlled by the gen- out intervening motion (exception one mo- (f) DEFINITION.—For the purposes of this tleman from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) tion to adjourn), order, or other business. section, the term ‘‘legislative day’’ means a and a Member opposed. day on which the House of Representatives (2)(A) In the House of Representatives, dur- Consideration of Amendment number ing consideration of the legislation in the or the Senate, as appropriate, is in session. 2 printed in the RECORD shall be pre- Committee of the Whole, the first reading of (g) EXERCISE OF RULEMAKING POWER.—The the legislation shall be dispensed with. Gen- provisions of this section are enacted by the ceded by an additional period of gen- eral debate shall be confined to the legisla- Congress— eral debate confined to the subject of tion, and shall not exceed 4 hours equally di- (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power that amendment. That debate shall not vided and controlled by a proponent and an of the Senate and the House of Representa- exceed 30 minutes, equally divided and opponent of the legislation. After general de- tives and, as such, shall be considered as part controlled by the gentleman from New of the rules of each House and shall super- bate, the legislation shall be considered as York (Mr. SERRANO) and a Member op- read for amendment under the five-minute sede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and posed. Amendments specified in section rule. Consideration of the legislation for 2(a) and 2(b) of House Resolution 376 amendment shall not exceed 4 hours exclud- (2) with full recognition of the constitu- ing time for recorded votes and quorum tional right of either House to change the shall be considered read and shall not calls. At the conclusion of the bill for rules (so far as they relate to the procedures be subject to a demand for division of amendment, the Committee shall rise and of that House) at any time, in the same man- the question. Consideration of each of report the bill to the House with such ner, and to the same extent as in the case of those amendments and any amend- amendments as may have been adopted. The any other rule of that House. ments thereto shall not exceed 1 hour. SEC. 7. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR THE previous question shall be considered as or- During consideration of the bill for dered on the legislation and amendments REFERENDA. thereto to final passage without intervening (a) IN GENERAL.— amendment, the Chair may accord pri- motion, except one motion to recommit with (1) AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS DERIVED FROM ority in recognition to a Member offer- or without instructions. A motion to recon- TAX ON FOREIGN RUM.—During the period be- ing an amendment that he has printed sider the vote on passage of the legislation ginning October 1, 1997, and ending on the in the designated place in the CONGRES- shall not be in order. date the President determines that all SIONAL RECORD. Those amendments (B) In the Senate, debate on the legisla- referenda required by this Act have been will be considered read. tion, and all amendments thereto and debat- held, from the amounts covered into the able motions and appeals in connection treasury of Puerto Rico under section The Chairman of the Committee of therewith, shall be limited to not more than 7652(e)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of the Whole may postpone a request for 25 hours. The time shall be equally divided 1986, the Secretary of the Treasury— any recorded voted on any amendment between, and controlled by, the majority (A) upon request and in the amounts iden- and may reduce to a minimum of 5 leader and the minority leader or their des- tified from time to time by the President, minutes the time for voting on any ignees. No amendment that is not germane shall make the amounts so identified avail- able to the treasury of Puerto Rico for the postponed question that immediately to the provisions of such legislation shall be follows another vote, provided that the received. A motion to further limit debate is purposes specified in subsection (b); and not debatable. (B) shall transfer all remaining amounts to time for voting on the first question (3) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair the treasury of Puerto Rico, as under current shall be a minimum of 15 minutes. relating to the application of the rules of the law. It is now in order to debate the sub- Senate or the House of Representatives, as (2) REPORT OF REFERENDA EXPENDITURES.— ject matter of the amendment offered Within 180 days after each referendum re- the case may be, to the procedure relating to by the gentleman from New York (Mr. the legislation described in subsection (a) quired by this Act, and after the end of the SOLOMON). shall be decided without debate. period specified in paragraph (1), the Presi- (d) CONSIDERATION BY OTHER HOUSE.—(1) If, dent, in consultation with the Government The gentleman from New York (Mr. before the passage by one House of the legis- of Puerto Rico, shall submit a report to the SOLOMON) and a Member opposed, each lation described in subsection (a) that was United States Senate and United States will control 30 minutes. introduced in that House, that House re- House of Representatives on the amounts ceives from the other House the legislation made available under paragraph (1)(A) and The Chair recognizes the gentleman described in subsection (a)— all other amounts expended by the State from New York (Mr. SOLOMON). H792 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- we be able to not proceed under the 5- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Reserving the man, I and the gentleman from Califor- minute rule, but to divide the time right to object, Mr. Chairman, I would nia jointly would like to control the re- equally 15 minutes for the substitute like to sit down and let the Members maining 30 minutes in opposition to be and 15 minutes opposed. We could have figure out the rest of it. My only con- equally divided. done this in the rule, but we did not do cern is that because of the gentleman’s Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, re- it because we wanted to get the unani- ranking and seniority here that I be al- serving the right to object. mous consent on the floor. lowed, if the gentleman just says, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- ‘‘Congressman, I will make sure you from California (Mr. MILLER) would man, will the gentleman yield? get your 10 minutes,’’ and the gen- have priority recognition. He could get Mr. SOLOMON. I yield to the gen- tleman will allow me, and I will limit unanimous consent to give half of his tleman from California. my perfecting amendment to 10 min- time to the gentleman from Indiana. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- utes, and then we can proceed with the Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- man, my understanding is there may rest of this. The gentleman’s word is man, I ask unanimous consent to do be additional amendments. So the per- very valuable to me, and I will just that. son who offers a perfecting amendment take that. Then I can sit down and let The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection or whatever to the gentleman’s amend- these gentlemen figure out the rest of to the request of the gentleman from ment to the substitute would get time, it. California? I assume, to explain their amendment Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- Mr. SOLOMON. Reserving the right or something. man, as I understand it, we are going to object, Mr. Chairman, to whomever Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, con- to be under the 5-minute rule which is making the unanimous consent re- tinuing my reservation of objection, I would govern the time distribution; is quest here, I would not object when the yield to the gentleman from Illinois that correct? time comes, but there will be, as I un- (Mr. GUTIERREZ) for some input on this The CHAIRMAN. As of now, that is derstand, an amendment offered by the subject. correct. gentleman from Indiana, an amend- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- ment, a substitute to my amendment. believe I have the only other amend- man, should we ask unanimous consent If we are going to give unanimous con- ment. I have a perfecting amendment. that each one of the amendments, since sent to manage the time jointly, I Obviously the Burton substitute would there is only two, be given 15 minutes would like to ask unanimous consent go first, but I have a perfecting amend- for each amendment for debate, equal- that I be able to claim the time in op- ment. So if we could reach an agree- ly divided among proponents and oppo- position to the gentleman’s substitute ment so that my perfecting amend- nents? I will make a unanimous con- to my amendment. ment would get 10 minutes of time, I sent request to that effect. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has not would not ask for an extraordinary The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman may determined at this point how that amount of time, so that I could have make that request by unanimous con- amendment is going to be considered. the perfecting amendment and reserve sent. That amendment may be debated under at least 10 minutes of time outside of Mr. MILLER of California. Reserving the 5-minute rule within the time the gentleman’s hour that he already the right to object, currently under the limit. has. Then we could all have a unani- rule there will be 1 hour on the amend- Mr. SOLOMON. The problem is, we mous consent, and I think we might be ments to Solomon; is that correct? would like to have Members in opposi- able to figure this out. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, will tion and for the amendment and not go Mr. SOLOMON. Continuing my res- the gentleman yield? into the 5-minute rule. ervation of objection, might I inquire Mr. MILLER of California. I yield to PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRIES of the Chair whom would be recognized the gentleman from New York. Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- first to offer an amendment either in Mr. SOLOMON. Under the rule there man, I have a parliamentary inquiry. the form of a substitute or a perfecting would be 1 hour of general debate on The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will amendment to my amendment? the Solomon amendment before it is state it. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would called up. After the 1 hour has expired, Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- not wish to anticipate recognition at then I would call up the amendment man, I just wanted to ask of the Chair this time. The Chair would grant rec- and then it would be subject to amend- how the time on my amendment, when ognition to the Member that would rise ment by the two gentlemen. it comes in order, will be divided and first and seek recognition and if both Mr. MILLER of California. With 1 how it should be divided? rise, grant priority of recognition to hour of total time to all amendments? The CHAIRMAN. As of now, it will be the appropriate Member. Mr. SOLOMON. That is correct. considered under the 5-minute rule. Mr. SOLOMON. Would it not be done PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. I have a par- by seniority, Mr. Chairman? Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- liamentary inquiry, Mr. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would man, I have a parliamentary inquiry. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will obviously take into account seniority The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. and committee membership. state it. Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. May I make a man, we are discussing the amendment withdraw my reservation of objection. suggestion to all my good friends. Why of the gentleman from New York under We will cross that bridge when we do we not begin the debate, general de- 1 hour of the rule. The time should be come to it. bate, and then let us work out the divided equally between the gentleman PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRIES timeframe of the amendments that will from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) 30 min- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- be offered. utes and the gentleman from California man, I have a parliamentary inquiry. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman (Mr. MILLER) 30 minutes, yielding 15 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) will be minutes to the gentleman from Indi- state it. recognized for 30 minutes, and a Mem- ana; is that correct? Mr. BURTON of Indiana. A perfecting ber opposed will be recognized for 30 The CHAIRMAN. That could happen. amendment, Mr. Chairman, precedes minutes. Once the amendment is pending, we the determination of an amendment. A The Chair recognizes the gentleman may then proceed under the 5-minute substitute comes after the amendment from New York (Mr. SOLOMON). rule. or at the end of the amendment proc- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. SOLOMON. Reserving the right ess. Am I not correct? myself such time as I may consume. to object, Mr. Chairman, that would The CHAIRMAN. The two amend- From the very beginning our Nation take unanimous consent, and that is ments may be pending at the same has recognized that the prosperity of why I am reserving the right to object, time. the people of America depended on because when the Burton amendment Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I thank the their continuing firmly united, and the is offered, I would ask agreement that Chair. wishes and the prayers and the efforts March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H793 of our best and wisest citizens have Therefore, we as the Federal Govern- provisions will guarantee current and been constantly directed to that ob- ment must do everything we can to future generations of Puerto Rico un- ject. These are the words of the wisdom promote and to enhance the ability of fettered access to the tools with which of The Federalist papers of John Jay, all Americans no matter what their to successfully assimilate into this our country’s first Chief Justice of the heritage to read, to speak and under- Union of ours, should they choose to Supreme Court. stand this language of opportunity. become a State at a later date. Justice Jay went on to say, I have Based on this visionary premise dur- Today can be a historic day, my col- often taken notice that providence has ing the 104th Congress, the House of leagues, a day in which Congress not been pleased to give this one connected Representatives voted, and the gen- only debates the future political status country to one united people, a people tleman from California (Mr. of 3.8 million U.S. citizens, but also a descended from the same ancestors, CUNNINGHAM) will speak to that in a day which will focus and strengthen speaking the same language, attached minute, voted 259 to 169 in favor of the those things which unite us as a Nation to the same principles of government, bill which declared English the official and which expand the horizons of op- very similar in their manners and their language of the United States. How- portunity for all our citizens. customs, and who, by their joint coun- ever, the provisions of this bill before This is an amendment of oppor- cils and arms and efforts, fighting side us today undermine the principles of tunity, my colleagues. It is a vision of by side throughout a long and bloody that empowerment act, and they deny unity and compassionate measures. It war, have nobly established their gen- opportunities to the children and the deserves all of America’s support, from eral liberty and their independence. people of Puerto Rico, make no mis- the young dairy farmer in Argyle, New That is the history of our country. take about it. Furthermore, this bill York, to the logging family in Olym- Based on this premise, for the past does not address how the omission of pia, Washington, to the schoolteacher two centuries we have forged a Nation Puerto Rico as an official Spanish in San Juan, Puerto Rico. I urge my out of our different peoples by empha- State would affect English as the offi- colleagues to support my amendment. sizing our common beliefs, our com- cial language of the United States Gov- Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance mon ideals and, perhaps most impor- ernment. Nor does it protect the rights of my time. tantly of all, our common language. of English-speaking Americans in Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- Our English language has permitted Puerto Rico or the rights of the chil- man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- this country to live up to our national dren of Puerto Rico to learn English. tleman from Texas (Mr. EDWARDS). motto, E Pluribus Unum, which means These are crucial, important ques- Mr. EDWARDS. Mr. Chairman, what out of many, one. tions to answer because according to Mr. Chairman, it is in this spirit that America needs is English plus, not the 1990 U.S. census, and this is so im- English only. What America needs is to I offer the English language empower- portant, less than 24 percent of the U.S. ment amendment to the U.S.-Puerto teach English, not preach it. What citizens in Puerto Rico speak English America needs is to respect diversity, Rico Political Status Act. In short, fluently, while 98 percent do actually this amendment is based on two very not divisiveness. The last time I visited speak Spanish. All children in the pub- the Statue of Liberty, that eloquent simple principles. It is based on unity, lic schools are taught only in Spanish and it is based on opportunity. My de- lady did not say ‘‘Spanish-speaking from kindergarten through the high people not accepted here.’’ votion to unity and the English lan- school, while English is taught as a The blood spilled and lives lost by guage is premised on the belief that second language. our strength in unity can best be pre- thousands of Spanish-speaking Amer- b served through the prevention of divi- 1415 ican veterans has not been limited to sions along linguistic or cultural lines. To correct these weaknesses of the English only, and it is wrong to deny Such cultural divisions have been en- underlying bill, my amendment basi- those veterans the very rights for countered by Canada with Quebec and cally does two things, and this is ex- which they fought. Whether intended could be with the U.S. and Puerto Rico actly what it does: or not, this debate on English only is today. First, it replaces the language in this divisive and insults the culture of mil- Now, what do I mean by this division bill, the nebulous language policy lions of Hispanic Americans, Asian of linguistic lines? These divisions are which states that ‘‘English is the com- Americans, Korean Americans and oth- not between people, but they are be- mon language of mutual understanding ers. tween opportunities. Americans who do in the United States.’’ It replaces it Mr. Chairman, the brightest days of not know English are segregated. They with the clearer and simpler statement America’s history have come when we are segregated from those who do, sep- that ‘‘English is the official language were inclusive, when we added women arated from everything the United of the Federal Government,’’ applica- and racial and religious minorities to States and its precious Constitution ble to the entire Nation, as done in the the rights enumerated in our Declara- stands for. Empowerment Act in the last Congress tion of Independence and Constitution. A reaffirmation of English as the of- which overwhelmingly passed this The darkest days of America’s history ficial language is absolutely necessary House with strong Republican and have come when we excluded our citi- to demonstrate that the Federal Gov- Democratic support. zens from full participation in our de- ernment’s goal is to desegregate all Secondly, it addresses Congress’ fun- mocracy; for example, when black vet- Americans. This is because America is damental responsibility to ensure that erans were allowed to die for the very composed of people who have for cen- any State meet certain standards and freedoms they were denied right here turies pulled themselves up by their provide certain fundamental rights and at home. I hope this will be a bright bootstraps with courage and a vision to protections. In 1845 and again in 1911 day for all of America’s citizens, not a pursue the opportunity that America our United States Supreme Court held dark day that will turn us backwards has to offer. Consequently my amend- that Congress may require a new State into a quagmire of divisiveness. ment is intended to ensure that no to meet certain standards before it The 3 percent of American citizens American citizen, no matter what their would be admitted. As a result, my that do not speak English, many of cultural background, no matter wheth- amendment tailors the statehood bal- them seniors living with their children er they live in Puerto Rico or Iowa, has lot to reflect this national official in their homes, hardly pose a threat to to be trapped in a linguistic box, kept English policy. It states that the Con- the greatest democracy in the history away from those tools of opportunity. gress expects that a future State of of the world. If Hispanics and other This is the land of opportunity and Puerto Rico would promote English as Americans, such as Korean Americans the land of language, the land of oppor- the official language of the State gov- in my district, are willing to work hard tunity and English. There should be no ernment, of its courts and agencies, and pay taxes and serve us in uniform, ambiguity about this fact. The usage and that English would be the language then surely we should show them the and understanding of English is the of instruction in public schools but brightest, the best of America today. key to economic and educational op- would not bar the teaching of Spanish Vote ‘‘no’’ on the Solomon amend- portunity in this country of ours. in those same public schools. These ment. H794 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield Federal Government across the Nation. We should be in the country, instead 5 minutes to the gentleman from Lou- Not just in Puerto Rico, across the Na- of trying to impose English, promoting isiana (Mr. LIVINGSTON), one of the tion. the learning of English by providing Members of this body that has been Under Solomon, Puerto Ricans may opportunities to learn English, provid- harassed by Members in his own party freely speak Spanish at home or any- ing more opportunities for people who and Members on both sides of the aisle where they please, but the State of understand the language and to speak but is one of the real stand-up Members Puerto Rico will promote English as it and to write it. That is what this in this House. the official language of the State gov- should be all about, not about trying to Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, I ernment, of the courts, of the agencies, impose. This is not a dictatorship. This thank my friend for yielding me this and in the schools teaching in English is a democracy. Let us not belie what time. The other gentleman from Lou- will be mandated in public schools. we are. isiana was disappointed the gentleman This will make citizens of the island Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- was not speaking about him. He full and equal partners in America in a man, I yield myself such time as I may thought and I thought the gentleman fashion our Founding Fathers envi- consume. from New York was speaking about sioned and it will make them produc- The CHAIRMAN. Is the gentleman him. tive citizens of the United States of from Indiana using the time of the gen- Mr. Chairman, I rise today in strong America. tleman from New York? support of the amendment by the gen- I urge the adoption of the Solomon Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- tleman from New York, the Solomon amendment and the defeat of all the man, I have 15 minutes, and the gen- amendment to H.R. 856, the United perfecting and the substituting amend- tleman from California (Mr. MILLER) States-Puerto Rico Political Status ments which will delete it and attempt has 15 minutes in opposition. That is Act. Regardless of how we feel about to nullify the provisions of the Solo- what was decided. the ultimate bill, the fact is that this mon amendment. English is the Amer- The CHAIRMAN. The Chair’s under- bill’s current provision on English is ican language. standing is the gentleman from Indiana weak and inadequate and needs to be Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- was going to make that unanimous strengthened. H.R. 856 says that man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- consent request. English will be the common language tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, we of mutual understanding in the United BARCELO´ ). have no objection. States. That means really nothing. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- The CHAIRMAN. But as of now, we Common language is not an official man, right now, in Puerto Rico, more are under the 60 minutes divided for language. people are watching this C–SPAN on a the underlying subject. That facts are that less than half of per-capita basis than in any State of Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- all the citizens of Puerto Rico can the Nation. That belies the statements man, the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. speak English. Less than half can that have been made here that the peo- BURTON) has 15 minutes of our 30 min- speak English. And according to The ple of Puerto Rico do not understand utes because the gentleman from New New York Times, fully 90 percent of English. York (Mr. SOLOMON) withdrew his ob- the island’s 650,000 public school stu- More than about 50 percent of the jection. dents lack basic English skills by the people know and understand English. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair had made time they graduate. If Puerto Rico be- Twenty-five percent are proficient in an announcement that the hour would comes a State, this situation will be in- English. But how many children are be divided 30 minutes and 30 minutes tolerable. A youngster growing up in proficient in English when they grad- under the rule. The Chair would now Puerto Rico will speak Spanish, will uate from high school in the 50 States entertain a unanimous consent request not speak English. And, in my opinion, of the Nation? There is a very low pro- to further divide the time. a youngster growing up in the United ficiency in English from graduates in Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- States needs to speak the common lan- the 50 States. But all of those people in man, I ask unanimous consent that 15 guage. Puerto Rico, if they cannot under- minutes of the time allocated to me If my wife and I take a child to Spain stand, they have somebody in their under the rule be allocated to the gen- and raise the child in Spain, we will family or a friend that is translating tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) at raise the child speaking Spanish so what is going on here, and they know this time. that he can communicate, or she can what is going on. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection communicate in the language of the When they say that in order to vote to the request of the gentleman from Nation. We will not expect Spain to that we have to be proficient in California? teach our kid English if we are going to English, my God, why was that not de- There was no objection. live in their country. Likewise, we cided when we were granted citizen- The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- ought to expect people growing up in ship? A person who asks for naturaliza- nizes the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. this Nation to speak English so that tion, he takes a test in English. Now, 95 BURTON.) they can communicate for their own percent of the people of Puerto Rico Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- good and become productive citizens. can pass that test without any prob- man, I yield myself such time as I may Our common language is the tie that lem; that is a citizenship test. consume. binds us all. The motto of this Nation, So the test that we give people who Mr. Chairman, I am one of the 165 co- ‘‘E Pluribus Unum,’’ ‘‘out of many, ask for citizenship has less require- sponsors of H.R. 123, which was a bill to one,’’ should remind us that we are a ments than what we are trying to re- declare English as the official language Nation of different peoples and cultures quire in this amendment from the peo- of the Government of the United but we are united. The ability to com- ple of Puerto Rico who have been citi- States. I strongly believe that that is a municate in a common tongue is the zens since 1917, for 81 years, who fought good piece of legislation. key to success that unites us in our de- together, who worked together to However, after having said that, I do mocracy. make this Nation what it is today. not believe that that particular piece We see in Canada that different lan- They fought in the foreign soils defend- of legislation belongs in this bill. This guages can seriously impair the unity ing the right to self-determination. bill is a bill that is designed to give the of a nation, and that nation is about to They say, oh, this bill tells the peo- people of Puerto Rico the right to let come apart at the seams because they ple of Puerto Rico the wrong things. It the Congress of the United States know speak a different language. does not allow the people of Puerto whether they want to be an independ- The Solomon amendment is only Rico to understand that they must ent nation, whether they want to re- common sense. By establishing English speak English. We know we must speak main a Commonwealth, or whether as the official language of the Federal English. Everybody in Puerto Rico they want to become a State. Government, the Solomon amendment knows that. We know that English is It does not mean that they will be- will make it perfectly clear that the language of the world. What is any- come a State, because any decision English will be the language of the one here afraid of? that they make in this referendum will March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H795 have to come back to the Congress of are citizens of the United States of and practice. It says that we must do the United States for final determina- America. We are not talking about to Puerto Rico that which we did not tion. And the process is going to take some country out there in the middle do to the Scandinavian and German about 10 years if the process is followed of nowhere. Those people have citizen- Midwest territories to achieve state- according to the legislation that we ship already. For us to deny them the hood, to superimpose a language re- have before us. ability to decide whether they want to quirement and condition statehood So the fact of the matter is this bill be a commonwealth or if they want to consideration upon what is in essence is designed to find out what the people become independent or a State I think the denial of that heritage, culture and of Puerto Rico really want. is just dead wrong. history. Vote no on this Solomon Why are we doing this, because there Let us not muddy up the waters by amendment. was a plebiscite in Puerto Rico just a adding the Solomon language to this, This Solomon amendment is big govern- few years ago? A few years ago, there which is a pervasive issue. He is talk- ment, and big brother, at its worst. was a plebiscite; and each of the par- ing about English for the entire United This Solomon amendment would require the ties, the Commonwealth party, the States of America. We are talking statehood party, and the independent English language to be the official language of about a plebiscite bill for Puerto Rico. all government functions in the United States. party were able to define for them- Let us decide the Puerto Rico issue selves what Commonwealth meant, It is possible that, if the current version of this with the amendment that I am going legislation passes, the people of Puerto Rico what statehood meant, and what inde- to add which will encourage English as pendence meant. Because of that, the will vote to join the Union as the 51st state the language down there, proficiency and that the Congress would respond by en- people of Puerto Rico, when they by the age of 10. And then later on if we voted, were voting based upon the de- acting legislation which would grant Puerto want to, let us go back to the English- Rican statehood. What this amendment re- termination that was being made by only bill that we had before this body the party who wanted their vote. quires, then, is that English will be the official some time ago and debate that as a language of Puerto Rico. English would be the What we decided to do was, we de- separate issue, but not on the Puerto cided to find out from leading legal au- official language in all of the affairs of state Rico bill. government, including teaching in public thorities what statehood meant, what Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Commonwealth meant, and what inde- schools. Supporters of this amendment say its of my time. passage will empower the citizens of Puerto pendence meant so that the people of Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- Puerto Rico, when they voted on the Rico. Their goal is the ``long term assimilation man, I yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gen- plebiscite, would be voting on the facts of Puerto Ricans into American society.'' tleman from Minnesota (Mr. VENTO). and not on what some party said. (Mr. VENTO asked and was given Now that may seem to many upon its face We have contacted the legislative permission to revise and extend his re- to be a pretty laudable goal. The problem is counsel of the Congress of the United marks.) that the main supporter of this legislation, Mr. States for their input. We have con- Mr. VENTO. Mr. Chairman, I rise in ROMERO-BARCELO, is deeply opposed to such tacted the Congressional Research strong opposition to the Solomon a provision. The Congressional Hispanic Cau- Service for their input. We have con- amendment. It is a clear example of a cus opposes it as well. They say, and I agree, tacted the Department of Justice of solution to a problem that does not that this amendment is unnecessary, ineffec- the United States for their input, and exist. It may seem to some that this tive and divisive. other constitutional experts. requirement is a laudable goal but the It's unnecessary because English and Span- What we have determined in this bill fact is that the proponents of this bill, ish have been the official languages of Puerto is what is constitutionally defined as the delegations and so forth that sup- Rico since 1902. To put that into perspective, statehood, independence, and Common- port it, are against this amendment. It STROM THURMOND was born way back in wealth status. is an unnecessary, ineffective and divi- 1902. Furthermore, H.R. 856 already has a b 1430 sive amendment. provision highlighting the importance of And so the people of Puerto Rico, It is unnecessary because English and English as a common language. H.R. 856 when they vote on this plebiscite, will Spanish have been the official lan- states, and I quote, ``English is the common be voting on what the facts are and not guages of Puerto Rico since 1902. To language of mutual understanding in the what some party says in Puerto Rico put that in perspective, STROM THUR- United States, and that this policy shall apply who has a reason to define their party MOND was born way back in 1902. That in all of the states.'' This is all that is needed in a certain way. The Commonwealth is a long time ago. Furthermore, this to accomplish the stated goal of the Amend- Party, in the definition that was on the bill already has a provision highlight- ment proponents. plebiscite a few years ago, was not de- ing the importance of English as a The Solomon amendment iteration of this fined correctly. What we are doing is common language. It states, and I matter is ineffective because far from empow- clarifying that in the language that is quote, ‘‘English is the common lan- ering people, it would make government in in this bill, that will go on the ballot if guage of mutual understanding in the Puerto Rico work far less efficiently. Around we pass this legislation. United States, and that this policy half of all people in Puerto Rico over the age Like I said earlier, I am for the shall apply in all of the States. That is of five are bilingual. That means the other half English legislation that was before this all that is needed to accomplish the don't speak English or Spanish. Passing this body some years ago. I was a cosponsor stated goal of the Solomon amend- amendment means that this close to 50% of of that. I do not believe the Solomon ment’s proponents.’’ people will not be able to vote because they amendment as written has any place in Furthermore, of course, our Nation is won't understand the English-only ballots. this legislation. Because there is some a melting pot. My grandparents were of They'll have some trouble in courts of law, be- confusion about this, this is becoming German and Italian ancestry. I am cause they won't be able to understand the an English-only bill, which it should proud of my parents and the wonderful proceedings. They'll have one heck of a time not be. heritage we share. But I am and we are trying to file Federal taxesÐwhich is, as we all I have a perfecting amendment or a all Americans, and as such I believe the know, pretty complicated even if you know the substitute amendment which will, ef- strength of our Nation is derived not English language. And they may not even be fective immediately, allow for English from laws that mandate our American able to speak with 911 operators in emer- proficiency in Puerto Rico by the age patriotism and demand our fidelity but gencies. That doesn't sound like empower- of 10. I think that the people of Puerto from core values and common beliefs ment to me, Mr. Chairman. That sounds like a Rico, when they read the substitute that define and guide our rights and re- bad idea. that I have, will be very happy with sponsibilities. Whatever language we Now the one thing you hear people who that because it encourages learning speak, write or think in, our freedom support this amendment say again and again English in all the schools and all the and liberties are not bound by but is that H.R. 856 will create an American Que- institutions down there by the age of rather transcend the limits and the bec. Quite the contrary, it would be the Solo- 10. We think that that will happen. boundaries of such language. mon amendment that creates a situation simi- Let me just add one more point. That The Solomon amendment strikes at lar to that which has ripped Canada apart in is, the people of Puerto Rico already the core value of such American belief recent years. The lesson from Canada should H796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 be that you should never, ever legislate a lan- particular issue. Quebec has been men- small percentage of the group that are guage requirement. Far from creating an at- tioned. I am not going to let the gen- opposed to this would say no. But we mosphere that would ease assimilation, this tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) give do not have that. I ask my colleagues amendment would create an atmosphere of di- me any more golf bags after this, but I to take a look at that. vision, suspicion and mistrust. would say that if he wants to encour- I would say, Mr. Chairman, as I men- Finally, as we approach the 21st Century, age them to learn English, if we ask tioned, the bill by both sides of the multilingualism is something we need to en- the people of Quebec and encourage aisle has been represented well with courage. As the reach of the global economy them to learn English instead of the issues. I thank my colleagues for increases, the ability to speak more than one French, look at the problems they have that. But this is more serious than language will be an important and marketable had, it would not happen. I think it most bills we have coming up here. I skill. If this bill passes, and citizens of Puerto takes stronger. think that is the reason we have given Rico choose to join the Union as the 51st Mr. Chairman, I was disappointed in it so much time. Give yourself the state, their impressive ability to use English the minority leader at his representa- time, look at the issues on both sides and Spanish will be something we could all be tion of the English provision in this. of it, and I think you will not support proud of and respect, not denigrate. Let me tell my colleagues why. First of the bill and you will not support the America is a melting pot. My grandparents all, there were 259 votes. I went from substitute but you will support the were German and Italian, and I am proud of the very extreme portion of a bill as Solomon amendment. my parents and the wonderful heritage we all chairman of the committee and down Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- share. But I am and we are all Americans, and to the lower portions and moderated man, I yield myself 1 minute. as such I believe that the strength of our na- the bill to where even States had the First of all let me point out to my tion is derived not from laws that mandate our right, after this body had said English colleague from California, the people of American patriotism and demand our fidelity, is the common language of our govern- Puerto Rico are citizens of the United but from core values and common beliefs that ment, that each individual State had a States. They already are citizens. He define our rights and responsibilities. What- right to change that. It gave them that says if they want a bite of the Amer- ever language we speak, write or think in, our option. There was no mandatory thing ican dream. They already are Ameri- freedom and liberty are not bound by but rath- there. I thought that that was very cans. The only problem is they are er transcend the limits, the boundaries of such fair. I think that is why we got such bi- Americans without representation. They do not have any Congressmen. language. The Solomon amendment strikes at partisan support for it. I think the mis- They do not have any Senators. They the core value of such American belief. It says representation was not well proposed do not have any representation in this that we must do to Puerto Rico that which we in the bill. didn't do to the Scandinavian and German I think another big issue, it fails to body. Yet they are American citizens. Midwest territories to achieve statehood: su- follow the precedents of other U.S. ter- They are like orphans out in a storm perimpose a language requirement and condi- ritories that joined the Union, Hawaii, walking around saying, ‘‘Where are my tion statehood consideration upon what is in Alaska, with the great percentages. parents?’’ It does not make any sense. This plebiscite is an advisory plebi- essence the denial of a heritage, culture and They really want it. It should be some- scite, I will say to my colleague from history. This amendment results in a price we thing very special to the great major- should not place on statehood. Join me in op- California. This is an advisory plebi- ity of a country. Puerto Rico, as the scite. What is he afraid of? All we are posing the Solomon amendment! gentleman said, they feel they are a Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield asking for is an opinion from the peo- country. It should be the great expec- 5 minutes to the gentleman from Cali- ple of Puerto Rico on what they want. tation of a great majority of that fornia (Mr. CUNNINGHAM), the sponsor If they come back and only 51 percent group before they become an American of the official English bill that passed say that they want statehood or they citizen. I do not want another Quebec this House overwhelmingly with bipar- want commonwealth, we decide in this tisan support 2 years ago. here. I do not want in Puerto Rico that body whether or not we want to pro- Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, kind of division and that divisiveness. I ceed any further. I think if it was that one thing I think the members of Puer- think that that is a legitimate issue. close, we probably would not. But let to Rico will see, I think this is one of They said it is a poison pill. The us say they come back and that 70 per- the most healthy debates that I have former Governor of Arkansas had a bill cent want statehood and only 10 per- seen on this floor in 7 years. It is issue- similar to this, Governor Clinton, 23 cent or 20 percent want common- oriented. I have got conservatives for States in our Union. That is not ex- wealth. At that point I think that we and against, I have got liberals for and treme, as the minority leader said. I as a body ought to make that deter- against, and each with individual ideas. just think if we are going to speak, I mination. I commend both sides of this. think we need to speak not disingen- But make no mistake about it, these I did not have time to speak on the uously but purport what the bill says. are American citizens without rep- floor. I would like to speak to the It is English as a common language, resentation in the Congress of the amendment but I would also like to not English only. United States, and that is wrong. speak to the bill. When I was in the Philippines, the Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to Teddy Roosevelt, Rough Rider, San Philippines was going to have Tagalog the gentleman from Hawaii (Mr. ABER- Juan Hill, and yes, many, many mem- as its official language. I recommended CROMBIE). bers from Puerto Rico have shed their to President Ramos that that was a Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Chairman, I blood to support democracy and fight disservice because it has no root in am speaking on the time of the gen- communism and socialism around the math or science. I speak a little Taga- tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON). I world just like many Americans have. I log. They would do themselves a dis- am speaking from the majority side of think you know how most of us feel service internationally. the aisle because I am speaking on his about that. I went to Vietnam. They are carrying time. I am looking at the gentleman I would also say that the people, now computers, they are learning English from California (Mr. MILLER) right now nearly 4 million Puerto Ricans, have and they are studying business because who is smiling at me, and trying to get voted on several occasions on these they understand. That is all we are over the hush that came over the issues. I know for me, and I will say asking for Puerto Rico, that they do crowd as someone moves to this side. I this and I will give you my support, it that. Instead of speaking Spanish first am looking for the gentleman from is not required by Congress that they in their classrooms and English second, Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), my very able vote on what their determination it should be turned around, if they chairman. wants to be. If you have at least two- want a bite of the American dream. I I point that out because this is a non- thirds instead of 50 plus one on a very think that is very, very important. partisan issue and is being cast, I am important issue like this, this gen- I would ask my colleagues, think very sorry to say, in somewhat par- tleman will support it, but not on a 50 carefully about this. If we can have a tisan terms, not necessarily by party plus one vote. vote from Puerto Rico, where the ma- but partisan terms, as if there is a I think if we look, the Puerto Rican jority of them say we want to be an right side and a wrong side. As the gen- people themselves are divided on this American citizen, I think only a very tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H797

BARCELO´ ) has indicated, as the gen- the integrity of our language; it is, in- unique obligations we have to Native tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) has deed, others who have concerns. Americans. indicated, as the gentleman from Cali- We, as I said earlier in this debate, Again, asking the gentleman from fornia (Mr. MILLER) has indicated, and who support so strongly the principles California, was it the intention of the the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. of the Helsinki Act, have advocated in gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- YOUNG), what we are trying to do here country after country after country MON) to protect the various obligations today is to aid and assist, as Members that they give to people within their of our native people? of the House of Representatives, the country respect of their cultural and Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, if self-determination of fellow citizens. their national identities. Of course, the gentleman will yield further, it was The gentleman from Indiana (Mr. language is a critical component of the full intention to protect Native BURTON) has been adamant on this. I do that. American languages, as these sovereign not think we are going to find a more The Soviet Union, my friends will re- tribes have a unique relationship with partisan person in the House with re- call, tried to have everybody speak the Federal Government. Unfortu- spect to the question of English and its Russian on the concept that if every- nately, the Parliamentarian ruled that being used as common language body spoke Russian, there would be a adding these sections would not be ger- throughout the United States. But that sense of unity within the Soviet Union. mane to the bill we are debating. I look issue will be debated in another venue, But that unity was at the point of a forward to working with the gentleman at another time. sword. It will not get you what you in seeing that the Native American What we are talking about here is want. languages are protected as the bill something that I ask Members, as a Mr. Chairman, I urge support of the works its way through the legislative representative from the last State to substitute, and opposition to the Solo- process. come into the Union. We have only mon amendment. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- been a State for 38 years. We have been Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, I man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from California (Mr. FARR). a State for less years than many people yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Mr. FARR of California. Mr. Chair- in this body have been alive and serv- Arizona (Mr. HAYWORTH) for the pur- man, I was sitting in my office listen- ing in public office. pose of entering into a colloquy with me. ing to this debate, and really the ques- b 1445 Mr. HAYWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I do tion is what does the 105th Congress So it is very, very particularly poign- rise for the purpose of entering into a have to fear? It really sounds like two ant in some respects to me today to colloquy with the gentleman from Cali- things. First of all, we are fearful of Puerto stand here as someone who was not fornia (Mr. CUNNINGHAM), who will be Rico having an election, which is es- born in Hawaii and has the privilege to speaking for the sponsor of the amend- sentially a public opinion election. serve in Hawaii. ment, the gentleman from New York I was born in the east of the United Since when did Congress fear elections? (Mr. SOLOMON). The other thing we have is we are States, in Buffalo, New York, in the First let me compliment my friend fearing people that speak other lan- area represented by the gentleman from New York for introducing this im- guages. Why? One hundred four ses- from New York (Mr. PAXON) today. It portant amendment. This amendment sions that went before us did not fear never occurred to me that one day I will save precious taxpayer dollars, that. In fact, our forefathers who ad- would have the privilege and honor of while reaffirming that English should mitted Louisiana, New Mexico, Okla- standing in the well of this House to be the official language of the govern- homa and Hawaii, allowed those states serve the people not only of Hawaii, ment. A common language of govern- to come in and protected the rights of but of the United States of America. ment is essential to our health as a Na- those people to speak French, Spanish, That will happen in Puerto Rico. We tion. Native American and Hawaiian, Aloha, cannot determine ahead of time what Let me turn to the gentleman from a language that everybody uses in busi- is going to happen there. The conven- California (Mr. CUNNINGHAM). It is my ness. tional wisdom, as some will recall, understanding it was the intention of What about our forefathers who re- when Hawaii and Alaska came into the the gentleman from New York (Mr. built this room we are all sitting in, in Union, was that Hawaii would be a Re- SOLOMON), the author of this amend- 1949 and 1950. If you look around, there publican State, and, indeed, we elected ment, to include the entire text of H.R. are 23 lawgivers that we respect. These a Republican Governor in our very first 123, the Bill Emerson English Language are the people who historically gave us State election, and that Alaska would Empowerment Act of 1997, as this the under-law for American law. These be a democratic State. amendment. Is that correct? were the lawmakers, lawgivers, as we As you know, that has worked dif- Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, call them. There are 23 of them. Only ferently. We have had Republican of- will the gentleman yield? three of them spoke English, and one of fice holders here, we have had Demo- Mr. HAYWORTH. I yield to the gen- those, Thomas Jefferson, also spoke cratic office holders here. This is not a tleman from California. French. partisan issue. Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, it Mr. Chairman, what are we afraid of? Mr. Chairman, I appeal to my Repub- was the intention of the gentleman Defeat this amendment and pass the lican friends, please, take into account from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) to in- bill. that our fellow citizens are merely ask- clude the text of H.R. 123 in this Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, I ing for the opportunity to determine amendment. yield two minutes to the gentleman their future. Join Democrats and Re- Mr. HAYWORTH. Mr. Chairman, re- from South Carolina (Mr. GRAHAM). publicans all together and vote for the claiming my time, as the gentleman Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. Chairman, I thank bill and against this particular amend- knows, I worked with the authors of the gentleman for yielding me time. ment. H.R. 123 to include certain sections of Mr. Chairman, I know this is an emo- Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- the bill that recognize the unique sta- tional issue to many folks. The com- man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman tus of Native Americans under our monwealth status of Puerto Rico has from Maryland (Mr. HOYER). Constitution and various treaties. Sec- been a long-standing status and it con- Mr. HOYER. Mr. Chairman, I thank tion 167 of H.R. 123 explicitly states, fers upon its people certain rights of the gentleman for yielding me this ‘‘Nothing in this chapter shall be con- citizenship. time. strued to limit the preservation or use This body is about to take it to a new Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong opposi- of Native Alaskans or Native American level. I do not believe the American tion to the Solomon amendment and in languages as defined in the Native people are any closer to understanding strong support of the substitute lan- American Languages Act.’’ Section 169 this issue than when we started. It is guage. of the bill further states that the meas- taking everybody in the country by Mr. Chairman, English is fast becom- ure does not apply to ‘‘the teaching of surprise. ing the language of the world. It is not these languages.’’ These provisions It is a big deal to me. I think we are we English speakers who need to fear were added at my behest to protect the rushing into it. But if we are going to H798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 do it, we need to recognize certain Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- Why not be fair? Why single Puerto things. man, I yield myself 11⁄2 minutes. Rico out? If it decides to become a Three out of four people in Puerto Mr. Chairman, earlier in the debate State and if we allow it to become a Rico are not fluent in the English lan- the gentleman from California (Mr. State, it shall be governed by the law guage, and we are setting in motion CUNNINGHAM) got up and spoke about of the land. Everyone knows that. But the possibility of Puerto Rico becom- his legislation dealing with English as why single it out now? Why try to ing a State in a couple or three years. an official language. The point was make a statement that is unfair and a The legislative affairs of the Com- made that all states would be treated statement that is not necessary? monwealth of Puerto Rico are con- the same, and the states had a right to The issue on the whole is one that is ducted in Spanish. The Federal Court change some requirements under the not necessary. Everyone knows that system requires that jurors speak 10th Amendment, should they decide to everyone learns to speak English both English to sit as jurors, but the State do so. in Puerto Rico and here. As an His- court system, or the equivalent there- The problem with the Solomon panic American, a Latino and Puerto of, is conducted in Spanish, so if any- amendment is that in fact in this legis- Rican, I can tell you, we do not go body finds themselves in Puerto Rico lation it treats Puerto Rico differently around spending time figuring out how as a State, chances are you are going than any other State in the Union, be- not to learn English. Do I not sound to be tried in a language you do not un- cause it goes on and declares that like a person who tries every day to derstand. English is the official language of the What the gentleman from New York improve on the language? I am going to United States. But it then goes on to get it right one of these days. (Mr. SOLOMON) is trying to do is bring say the people of Puerto Rico can only unanimity to the 50 or 51 states, saying This is a bad amendment, and it communicate with the Federal Govern- should not be here. the common language that unites us is ment in English and that the Federal English, and it would apply to all Let me close with this: When Latinos Government can only communicate or Hispanics sit around the dinner states, not just the Commonwealth of with the people of Puerto Rico in Puerto Rico. table and the issue of language comes English. up, it is never a plot against the If we are going to go down this road, This means if you are a DEA agent, English language. we certainly need this piece of legisla- you can only speak English if you are tion. But I believe it is ill-advised to do engaged in an activity. If you are the b 1500 this without the goodwill of the Amer- FBI, you can only speak English if you It is usually a lament about the fact ican people behind us and without ex- are engaged in an activity. If you are actly understanding where the people that the children and the grand- engaged in a search and rescue and the children no longer speak Spanish. So of Puerto Rico are. people do not speak English, you can I do not understand why we are doing with that recognition, what is the fear? only speak to them in English. Let us go forward. Let us allow this it, but if we are going to do it, the I do not think that is what we want English component of the Solomon bill to take place. Let us make this to do. There is a legitimate debate to vote possible. amendment is essential to integrating be had under the Cunningham legisla- Puerto Rico into the United States in a Let us not muddy the waters any tion. We had it two years ago. I suspect more. Let the people of Puerto Rico, viable way. When 3 out of 4 people can- we will have it again before this year is not speak English, that is a road map the Puerto Rican people, have a vote out. That would apply to all of the for disaster, if you are going to be a on this issue. Let us not single them states equally and the states would re- part of the United States. out for anything that you do not single Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- tain their rights. other States out for. But the Solomon amendment goes far man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Chairman, I beyond those requirements and singles from Rhode Island (Mr. KENNEDY). yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from out Puerto Rico for special burdensome Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. California (Mr. BILBRAY). treatment. People can only write to Chairman, I rise in strong opposition Mr. BILBRAY. Mr. Chairman, I rise their member of Congress, should they to this English only amendment. The in support of the Solomon amendment. choose statehood and have Members in gentleman from New York says that we I would like to clarify an issue. The mi- the Congress of the United States, they need this amendment to empower the nority leader, the gentleman from Mis- could only write to them in English. It citizens of Puerto Rico to be full and souri (Mr. GEPHARDT) stated that we would be against the law to write to equal partners in this Union. have never placed any language condi- them in Spanish or in another lan- What will empower the people of tion on any territory that was consid- guage. It would be against the law to Puerto Rico to be full participants in ering statehood. petition the President of the United this Union is if we get about voting I want to clarify that that is false, States or the Congress in any other this bill through and allowing them the that in fact in 1811 Congress specifi- right to finally have self-determination language. That is not true anywhere else in this country. cally required that Louisiana adopt on the island, so that they can have all English as the official language of the rights and privileges of their Amer- We ought to make sure that if we deal with this issue, that we treat all their proceedings, of all government ican citizenship status which they are writings, and all government functions. currently denied because they are of the states on an equal footing. This says if Puerto Rico becomes a state, it They not only required Louisiana in under Commonwealth status, which, if 1811 to do it, they required Oklahoma I need to remind Members, means they would be singled out for much more and New Mexico to specifically have to are under the territorial clause of the burdensome treatment than the gen- teach in English as a primary lan- United States. eral debate on English as an official Ironically, we could pass English language. guage. In fact, Arizona was required to only requirements for the people of Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- guarantee that its executive and legis- Puerto Rico under the current terri- man, I yield two minutes to my good lative officials would conduct business torial status, because that is our friend, the gentleman from New York in the English language. power. If they become a State, which I (Mr. SERRANO). So let us not talk about singling out hope they will, they will retain the Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, let me anyone. The fact is this has a histori- 10th Amendment power to decide what first say that I rise in strong opposi- cal record that says that when the their own language will be. tion to the Solomon amendment and in issue of language has become a ques- So it is interesting. If they become a favor, strong support, of the substitute tion, English is the common language State, they will be able to decide for language. of these United States; that has been themselves; if they remain a Common- Let me say that the gentleman from clarified by Congress again and again, wealth, it is up to us to decide what Indiana (Mr. BURTON) is very coura- and has been placed as a requirement their language is going to be. geous in taking this stance. He sup- on any territory wishing to gain state- Vote against the Solomon amend- ports English only, but he knows it hood that they must, too, adopt ment, and vote for the passage of the does not belong in this bill. That is English as their official common lan- bill. what this issue is all about. guage. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H799

Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the fact I also join with my colleague, the ginia, Mr. BOB GOODLATTE, a distin- that the gentleman from Illinois and gentleman from New York (Mr. guished member of the Committee on the gentlewoman from New York pro- SERRANO) who says he is working every the Judiciary. posed a substitute to the substitute, day to speak English, and so am I, to Mr. GOODLATTE. Mr. Chairman, I which really shows where some people improve on our use of the language. thank the chairman for yielding time may be coming from on this issue. But I will never speak English like to me, and for his leadership on this That is, their substitute to the sub- they do in New York or Boston or even issue. stitute says let us make Spanish the other parts of our country. Mr. Chairman, it has been said that official language of Puerto Rico. I oppose the Solomon amendment the Solomon amendment is not con- I think what we are saying is let us and support the substitute amendment. stitutional. Nothing could be further be up front about it. We should clarify To make English our official language from the truth. Let me read right from to the people of Puerto Rico that part limits our Nation. English is our offi- the language of the amendment. It of the transition from territory to cial language. It is our common lan- says, ‘‘English is the official language State is going to be transition from guage. We always have used English. It of all business and communication of Spanish to English. That is de facto. did not take a law in this Congress to the Federal Government of the United Let us do it up front, be truthful to the do that. It has not taken 200 years to people of Puerto Rico, let us not prom- States, and all communications with do it. We do it because we want to. the Federal Government will be in ise them State and local government To file a document in court in the English unless generally applicable we cannot deliver. United States, or a public record, it has Federal law provides otherwise.’’ The fact is the assimilation of any to be in English or an English trans- territory into the greater Union is lation. Our citizenship ceremonies are Puerto Rico as a State promotes going to happen not just politically but in English, even though we did have English as the official language of the culturally, socially, and linguistically. one aberration of a Federal judge doing State government, courts, and agen- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- it in Arizona. But it has to be in cies. English is the language of instruc- man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- English, by statute. tion in public schools. This is not a tleman from Guam (Mr. UNDERWOOD). Furthermore, English only is unwar- mandate, this is similar to what we Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I ranted because two of our States, New have required of Louisiana, Oklahoma, thank the gentleman for yielding time Mexico and Hawaii, have two official and other States in the past, and it is to me. languages. In Hawaii it is English and simply not correct that this is inappro- Mr. Chairman, I stand in support of Hawaiian, and in New Mexico it is priate. the substitute and in opposition to the English and Spanish. I hope the Puerto In the last Congress, this body over- Solomon amendment. We are making a Rican voters would choose statehood whelmingly passed similar language to language issue out of a self-determina- and integrate English into their lan- apply to the entire country, and should tion issue. do so with regard to Puerto Rico today. People understand that the use of guage. Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- English is the language used by our English in Puerto Rico is something man, I yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gen- government. It is the language of com- that is essential to understand here. tleman from Georgia (Mr. LEWIS). merce, and it is the common language But there is no one that I know of that Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Chair- of the overwhelming majority of the does not want to learn English to fully man, I want to thank my friend and function in American society. There American people. colleague for yielding time to me. Language differences are the number are very few people in Puerto Rico that Mr. Chairman, this is a bad amend- I know of who do not want to learn one barrier to full assimilation, and ment. We do not need it. English is the Puerto Rico is certainly no exception. English. In fact, in Puerto Rico there is predominant and common language of a clear educational policy which fos- According to the 1990 U.S. census, less this Nation. English is used in govern- than 24 percent of Puerto Ricans speak ters English, and indeed, English can ment and courts throughout Puerto be used for official purposes. If Puerto English fluently, and a 1997 survey Rico. We must encourage everyone to found that 76 percent of Puerto Ricans Ricans choose statehood under this speak English, but we must not dis- framework, those policies would be think it unacceptable to have English criminate against those who speak strengthened. I think this is under- as their official language. It is no coin- other languages. cidence, therefore, that a recent poll stood and acceptable. Puerto Ricans are citizens of the But what is not acceptable is to concluded that only 16 percent of Puer- United States. We must not deny the allow Puerto Ricans the right to self- to Ricans consider themselves to be people of Puerto Rico their heritage. determination and in the same process Americans. They contribute to the diversity and to decide in advance of their choice richness of our country. This amend- Before the people of the United that they not be treated the same way ment will make government more dif- States accept Puerto Rico into their as other States. ficult. It will make communication Union, they expect the people of Puer- The Solomon amendment tries to use to Rico to want to be a part of it. Make the language issue to deliver a blow to more difficult. Mr. Chairman, we should encourage no mistake, H.R. 856 will create an the possibility of Puerto Rican state- American Quebec. If Puerto Rico gains hood by putting a restriction on their everyone to learn English, but we should not deny Spanish-speaking statehood under this bill, it is likely to possible admission, which other States declare Spanish as the official lan- have not had in their history. The Bur- Americans their tradition. English is the primary language of our Nation. In guage, which could then force the U.S. ton substitute is a responsible, coher- Government to make Spanish the ent, moderate statement about the re- almost every corner of the world English is the language of inter- quasi-official language to accommo- alities of American life, the necessity date the needs of Puerto Ricans. of English, but also recognizes that the national affairs, of international poli- Not only would this significantly un- tolerance of differences is a corner- tics and business. We do not need this dermine the long-term assimilation of stone of American democracy, that amendment. This amendment tells our Puerto Ricans into American society, education is better than coercion, that citizens, deny your heritage, forget knowing more is better than knowing your roots. That is the wrong message but it would also increase the pressure less, that addition is better than sub- for a great Nation, for a great people, a for the rest of the United States to be- traction, that knowing more languages proud people to send. come officially bilingual. is not un-American. Let us embrace diversity and learn Language is the common bond that Thank you, all of you. from each other. This is how we have holds our Nation together. A common Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- grown and prospered as a great Nation language allows the children of Vir- man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman and a great people. I urge all of my col- ginia to communicate with and learn from Texas (Mr. GREEN). leagues, Democrats and Republicans, from the children of California. With- Mr. GREEN. I thank the gentleman to vote no on the Solomon amendment. out this amendment, the same will not for yielding me the time, Mr. Chair- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield be true for the children of Puerto Rico. man. 3 minutes to the gentleman from Vir- Without this amendment, children will H800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 never have the opportunity to partici- Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, Committee on Education and the pate fully and equally with their fellow I rise in support of the Solomon Workforce that has jurisdiction over citizens. amendment. the English language issues, and a very Mr. Chairman, pro-statehood forces Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Solo- valuable Member of this body. have stated on many occasions that mon English Language Empowerment Amend- Mr. RIGGS. Mr. Chairman, I thank their language and culture are not ne- ment. The English language portion of 856 is the distinguished chairman of the Com- gotiable. Congress is not asking anyone meaningless. The Solomon amendment will mittee on Rules and sponsor of this to negotiate away their culture, but clarify this vague language by designating amendment for yielding time to me. the Constitution grants Congress the English as the official language of the United Mr. Chairman, let me say first of all, power to determine the rules for state- States; requiring that English be the sole offi- I support the right of Puerto Rico resi- hood, and that Constitution was estab- cial language of all federal communication in dents, American citizens, to have self- lished to create a more perfect Union, Puerto Rico and; making English the official determination, to choose statehood not a more divided Nation. language of state government courts and over the current status as a Common- We must make clear that Puerto agencies; making English the language of in- wealth. But I believe as a condition of Rico must be prepared to be an equal struction in public schools. statehood those voting in any kind of partner. Support the Solomon amend- Americans speak English. Many Americans referendum or plebiscites should ac- ment and oppose the Burton sub- speak more than one language. In fact, many knowledge and accept English as the stitute. of my colleagues on both sides of the isle are official common and commercial lan- If Congress passes H.R. 856 without this bilingual. But everyone in this chamber under- guage of our country. amendment, we will embroil ourselves in a di- stands the importance of speaking English. In I have a little bit different perspec- visive debate that will last for years to come. fact, I believe that every member in this House tive on this issue, as the chairman of When we welcome a new state into our great who would be called upon to counsel a foreign the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, union, we should do so by building bridges speaking immigrant, would tell them that the Youth and Families. My concern is that unite us, not roads that divide us. Puerto most important thing that this immigrant could twofold: too often bilingual education Rico statehood without English as the official do to begin to assimilate and become suc- fails our young people, and the alarm- language is a bad idea that is sure to create cessful in America is to learn English. ing dropout rate of Hispanic students tension between the states, enormous admin- If Puerto Rico became a state, the citizens in America. istrative nightmares, and huge costs to the of Puerto Rico would send to us Representa- Too many of our young people are American people. Our states are united, and tives and Senators. Now Puerto Ricans might not getting the education and the job they should remain so. The American people be given a choice between candidate A who training that they need to live success- do not want, and cannot afford, another Que- doesn't speak English and candidate B who is ful and productive adult lives, to take bec. bilingual. Hopefully, they would elect the bilin- advantage, if you will, of all these I urge my colleagues to vote yes on the Sol- gual candidate. The business of this body and high-tech jobs that our economy con- omon amendment. the business of America is conducted in tinues to create every day. For them, Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- English. the have-nots of tomorrow, it is a per- man, I yield 1 minute to the gentle- Currently, in America, you can go from state sonal tragedy. For our country it is a woman from New York (Ms. to state and understand the laws, the govern- very serious, it is a very real challenge, VELA´ ZQUEZ.) ment, the courts, from New Hampshire to Ha- because we need a skilled work force to (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ asked and was waii. This notion would fundamentally change remain competitive. given permission to revise and extend if Puerto Rico were to be admitted without the I mentioned the bilingual education. her remarks.) Solomon Amendment. Puerto Rico conducts The statistics are appalling. One-third ´ Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I its official business in Spanish. This is even of all Hispanic students nationwide, ac- rise in strong opposition to the Solo- after 100 years of influence by the United cording to the U.S. Department of Edu- mon amendment. This amendment States. Puerto Ricans are essentially saying cation’s own report, drop out, and that would outlaw elected officials from that we do not recognize America. We do not figure is closer to 50 percent in my communicating with their constituents want to assimilate. We want to be Puerto home State of California. In fact, if in Spanish. It will hamper the efforts Rico, and we want to be Spanish. Members really want to boil the debate of Federal agencies to collect taxes, in- Mr. Chairman, 63% of Puerto Ricans can't down, last year only 6.7 percent of lim- form citizens of their rights, and en- recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Sixty Six per- ited English proficient students in sure due process, and it will endanger cent do not know the words to the Star Span- California public schools have learned lives by making illegal anything but gled Banner. This makes sense when you enough English to move into main- English to be used, even by police de- learn that only 16% of Puerto Ricans consider stream classes. partment and paramedics responding themselves to be American. By themselves, We have the largest school district in to life-threatening situations. these polling numbers don't trouble me. I don't the State, the Los Angeles School Dis- This amendment is guaranteed to want to force anyone to be American who trict, suing the Governor because the make government inefficient and inef- doesn't want to. However, just as Puerto Governor wants to administer tests in fective and jeopardize the civil rights Ricans have every right to maintain their reading, writing, and math to all stu- of some of society’s most vulnerable Spanish heritage and their Spanish language, dents in the second through 11th members. so too does America have every right to main- grades, but only in English. I represent one of the highest non- tain its English language tradition. This is a b 1515 English-speaking populations in the fundamental building block of our nation, and country. Under the Solomon amend- the basic fiber that binds this great country to- Bilingual education is too often a ment, I will be barred from commu- gether. failure. It does not promote a transi- nicating with the people of the Twelfth Mr. Chairman, English has been and hope- tion to English fluency, but it traps District of New York in a second lan- fully always will be the common link between youngsters in a dependency on non- guage. This will keep me from doing the melting pot of cultures in our nation. We English languages and special help. what they elected me to do. This have many different cultures in our nation, ‘‘Bilingual’’ has become a misnomer. amendment is divisive and unneces- from the woods of Maine to the shores of the English as a second language should sary. It does not belong on this legisla- Pacific north west, from 10,000 lakes of Min- not mean second-class citizenship. tion. nesota to Georgia's Golden Isles. The cul- Mr. Chairman, I urge Members to Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield tures, the religions, the traditions vary as support the Solomon amendment, and such time as he may consume to the greatly as the miles. Yet, the English language let us reform bilingual education. gentleman from Georgia (Mr. BOB binds these people together in a proud tradi- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- BARR), a distinguished member of the tion that we have come to know, as being man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman Committee on the Judiciary. American. from Pennsylvania (Mr. GEKAS). (Mr. BARR of Georgia asked and was Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Chairman, when I given permission to revise and extend 2 minutes to the gentleman from Cali- served in the Armed Forces, I was sta- his remarks.) fornia (Mr. RIGGS), chairman of the tioned for a while in Puerto Rico. I was March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H801 eager to learn Spanish so that I could probably would not be so bad. It would cropping up like in Canada and across communicate with the people of Puerto be at least a relevant debate. But this the world. Rico. So I walked into a restaurant, amendment is not limited to Puerto Mr. Chairman, I can tell my col- after studying my Spanish to an n’th Rico. This amendment really has no leagues that if we have that up front, degree, and I said proudly, after I saw place in this debate. everybody knowing it, it is better. My a picture of a hot dog on the back of This amendment is an issue which great-grandmother was German and the counter, ‘‘Hagame el favor de should have been debated on its own, she never learned to speak English. She darme un perro caliente.’’ And so the not on this bill. The Solomon amend- was at a disadvantage her whole time youngster looks at me, turns around to ment’s purpose is to kill the bill. That in this country, and I think we need to the cook and says, ‘‘One hot dog with is its purpose. start with English first. everything.’’ We can debate the issue of Puerto Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- The point is that he knew English. Rico’s ability to determine its future man, will the gentleman yield? That he knew that I knew English. He outside of that. The substitute allows Mr. GOODE. I yield to the gentleman was helping me with my Spanish, but I us to do that. When we want to, we can from Indiana. learned that first lesson there, that talk better requirements for statehood, Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- most of the people either speak English requirements for issues on Puerto Rico man, I would just like to know what in Puerto Rico or want to speak outside of the requirements for the en- language the gentleman from Virginia English in Puerto Rico. tire country. That is what the debate speaks. He sounds like he is from down Our fellow citizens in Puerto Rico in needs to be about. South some place. time will be 100 percent able to speak Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues Mr. GOODE. Mr. Chairman, it is English. By that time, they will blend on both sides of the aisle to vote ‘‘Southern’’ English. in perfectly to our English language strongly in favor of the substitute and Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, how customs for the entire country. against the Solomon amendment, and much time does the gentleman from In- Mr. Chairman, I support the sub- to give the people of Puerto Rico the diana have remaining? stitute. opportunity to decide their own future. The CHAIRMAN. One-quarter of one Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- minute. man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield from Rhode Island (Mr. WEYGAND). from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). 15 seconds to the gentleman from Indi- (Mr. WEYGAND asked and was given Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I ana (Mr. BURTON) out of the goodness permission to revise and extend his re- rise in strong opposition to the Solo- of my heart. marks.) mon amendment. I think we have Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- Mr. WEYGAND. Mr. Chairman, I rise heard here time and time again that man, I reserve the balance of my time. today in opposition to this amendment. when called to duty, drafted, called to Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield I remember talking with my grand- serve, there is no litmus test, there is 2 minutes to the very distinguished parents about their parents who came no test of language for people. Indeed, gentleman from California (Mr. ROHR- to this country from Ireland and Ger- the 65th Infantry served with distinc- ABACHER). many. And many of my colleagues’ an- tion and honor and valor in the Korean Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Chairman, cestors came from Portugal or France conflict, and almost everybody spoke I rise in support of the Solomon or from other places where they really one language as the troops were or- amendment. This bill is aimed at ad- learned what it was that was great dered into battle, and that language mitting a State to the Union that is about this country. was Spanish. overwhelmingly populated by Spanish- We never required them to come into We should not raise this as an issue speaking people who have a proud cul- this country and learn English before here today. The language of the people ture and are proud of their language they got here. What they came for was of Puerto Rico is Spanish. We should and view themselves as a separate na- the great thing that they saw in this respect that. tion. country: the opportunity for them and Just as I have said before, it would be The people of Puerto Rico have no in- their children to have a better world. detrimental, it would be detrimental to tention of giving up their language or They learned English because they attach to statehood an English lan- their culture or their Olympic teams or wanted to learn English, not because guage requirement, because then peo- their Miss Universe contestants, and the Congress told them they had to. ple who would want to become a State there is no reason they should have to Our children today are all over the would say, well, I cannot accept it that give these things up if they do not world on computers. Businesses are all way. It is wrong. want to become part of a State, resi- over the world. Do my colleagues know We understand what the language of dents of a State of the Union. what the common language is? English. our people is. Look in Puerto Rico However, if they expect to be resi- The Congress did not have to tell them today. From kindergarten through 12th dents of a State of the Union and to be that it should be English. They learned grade of high school, English is taught, Americans first, they must speak the it. They made it that way. but people have preserved their Span- common language and English is the Yet this Congress sees fit here today ish language. Let us respect them. common language; and to become part to try to impose something they have Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- of our culture, not to maintain their never imposed upon any other State, man, how much time do I have remain- separate culture, to root for our Olym- making sure that English is the official ing? pics team and have our Miss Universe language. It is unnecessary. It is an im- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman contestant as their contestant. position that should not be condoned. from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) has one- Mr. Chairman, I support the Solomon We should vote down this amendment. quarter of 1 minute remaining. English language amendment to this Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- Mr. BURTON on Indiana. Mr. Chair- bill because it takes the appropriate man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman man, I reserve the balance of my time. steps to put Puerto Ricans on notice from Florida (Mr. DEUTSCH), my good Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield that statehood means becoming part of friend. 1 minute to the gentleman from Vir- our Nation and no longer being part of Mr. DEUTSCH. Mr. Chairman, I ginia (Mr. GOODE), an outstanding a separate culture and a separate na- think it is important to point out that Member of this body on the other side tion, especially as reflected by a sepa- this is a bipartisan issue in terms of of the aisle. rate language. people rejecting the Solomon amend- Mr. GOODE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in We should make sure that no one is ment and supporting the substitute. support of the Solomon amendment be- fooled into thinking that the United Mr. Chairman, I wish the gentleman cause I fear a Quebec-type situation in States is becoming a bilingual society, from California (Mr. RIGGS) was still this country. Now is the time to estab- a bilingual Nation trying to accommo- here just in terms of responding to his lish English as the official language. If date itself to this nation within a na- comments. If the amendment was just we do that in this bill and if we follow tion. And that nation within a nation, what the gentleman said he wanted, it suit in 123, we will not have problems there are people there who believe in H802 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 independence. In the past we remember mitted into the family, not 50 percent, English fluently. The enhancement of when there were independence people 60 percent, but 100 percent of the people English as the official language of Puerto who violently wanted independence for of Puerto Rico will feel that they are Rico is consistent not only with this state- Puerto Rico. part of the Nation. ment of policy, but also with the preserva- tion of our Nation’s unity in diversity and The fact is they have a proud culture PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY the prevention of divisions along linguistic and a proud nation. They are not part Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I have lines. Proficiency in the English language is of the United States unless they are a parliamentary inquiry. necessary for all citizens to enjoy the full willing to become part of the United The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will rights and benefits of their citizenship as States. state it. guaranteed by the Constitution and to con- Mr. Chairman, H.R. 856 is wrong for Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, is tribute most effectively to the Nation in all the people of Puerto Rico and it is aspects. Conducting the business of Federal there no further time outstanding and State governments in English is the best wrong for the people of the United other than mine? States. ‘‘E pluribus unum.’’ We are one way to promote efficiency and fairness to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman may every citizen. Only proficiency in English people and that is fine. Let us be one close debate. can provide all Americans the enjoyment of people. But if a people expect to be part Mr. SOLOMON. And the Chairman is the rights and benefits of full participation of the United States, they should be recognizing me for that purpose? in the American economy and union. part of the United States. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is Strike subsection (b) of section 3 and in- Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- correct. sert the following new subsection: man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman (b) OFFICIAL LANGUAGE.—The official lan- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield guage of the Federal Government is English. from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- myself such time as I may consume. ´ The legislature of Puerto Rico has estab- BARCELO) to close our side on this de- Mr. Chairman, I urge Members to lis- lished a bilingual policy by making both bate. ten to this in their offices. If the Solo- Spanish and English official languages of Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- mon amendment is defeated, or if the Puerto Rico, but has continued to operate its man, I yield 30 seconds to the gen- Solomon amendment is watered down government solely in Spanish, as the major- tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- and this bill becomes law and Puerto ity of the people in Puerto Rico are not pro- BARCELO´ ), the balance of my time, so Rico becomes a State, any citizen of ficient in English. In the event that the referenda held under this Act results in ap- that the gentleman will have 11⁄2 min- the State of Puerto Rico can bring an proval of a request to Congress that Puerto utes to close. action against the United States of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Rico be admitted to the Union as a State and America Government or against any the Congress approves such statehood, 1 from Puerto Rico is recognized for 1 ⁄2 one of the other 50 States and demand English will be the sole official language of minutes. all Federal Government activities in Puerto ´ bilingual equal treatment under the Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- Equal Footing Doctrine. Members bet- Rico and, unless otherwise provided by gen- man, if the English-first or English- ter think about that when they cast erally applicable Federal law, all commu- only amendment were really meant to their votes in half an hour from now. nications with the Federal Government by be for improvement of the bill, at least the Government or people of Puerto Rico Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- will be in English. This Act, the procedures we could understand it. But the ance of my time. English-first supporters have distrib- authorized by this Act, and the possible ac- The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to section cession of Puerto Rico to statehood do not uted a paper here where it says even if 2(a) of House Resolution 376, it is now create or alter any rights of a person to gov- this bill passes, this amendment in order to consider Amendment No. 3 ernment services in languages other than passes, that Members should vote printed in the Congressional RECORD. English. against H.R. 856. In other words, they Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I ask In section 4(a), strike paragraph (7) of sub- are against the bill and this amend- paragraph C of the referendum language and unanimous consent that the hour of de- insert the following new paragraph: ment is being used merely as a way to bate on the Solomon amendment, the put a poison pill on the bill. ‘‘(7) English is the official language of all Gutierrez amendment thereto, if of- business and communication of the Federal In Puerto Rico, as I have said over fered, and the Burton substitute, if of- Government of the United States and all and over again, we are not rejecting fered, be divided and controlled as fol- communications with the Federal Govern- English. We are embracing English. We lows: 30 minutes to the gentleman from ment will be in English unless generally ap- were the first jurisdiction to approve plicable Federal law provides otherwise. New York (Mr. SOLOMON), 6 minutes to Puerto Rico, as a State, promotes English as English as an official language in 1902, the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. but we also want Spanish as an official the official language of the State govern- GUTIERREZ), 12 minutes to the gen- language. Both languages. We want to ment, courts, and agencies. English is the tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON), and be bilingual. What is wrong with that? language of instruction in public schools.’’. 12 minutes to the gentleman from Cali- Strike subparagraph (C) of section 4(b)(1) This morning, earlier today, we had fornia (Mr. MILLER), subject to equi- and insert the following new subparagraph: the gentleman from Illinois saying table reductions, if necessary, to re- (C) Additionally, in the event of a vote in that in Puerto Rico the movies were main within the 1 hour of consider- favor of United States sovereignty leading to dubbed. The majority of the movies statehood, the President shall include in the ation permitted under this rule. I think shown in Puerto Rico are not dubbed. transition plan provided for in this Act that this is an agreed-to unanimous consent They are in English and the movie the Federal and State governments imple- request. houses are full. ment programs and incentives to promote The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection At the Blockbusters, the majority of the acquisition and usage of English by the to the request of the gentleman from citizens of Puerto Rico, including but not the films that are rented out are not New York? limited to, teaching in English in public subtitled and neither are the movies There was no objection. schools, the availability of fellowships and subtitled. And in Puerto Rico the peo- scholarships to increase the opportunities of AMENDMENT NO. 3 OFFERED BY MR. SOLOMON ple who are watching these proceedings the people of Puerto Rico to learn to speak, now on C-SPAN understand what is Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I offer read, write, and understand English, and the going on. an amendment. provision of educational instruction in As the gentleman said a little while The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- English to persons not in schools. ago, when he asked for the ‘‘perro ignate the amendment. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ TO caliente,’’ that is one of the problems The text of the amendment is as fol- THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. SOLOMON that people who go to Puerto Rico to lows: Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I learn to speak Spanish have. The Puer- Amendment No. 3 offered by Mr. SOLOMON: offer an amendment to the amendment. to Ricans speak English. At the end of section 2, add the following The Clerk read as follows: Mr. Chairman, they say Puerto paragraph: Amendment offered by Mr. GUTIERREZ to Ricans do not feel that they are a part (16) In 1996, the United States House of the amendment offered by Mr. SOLOMON: Representatives overwhelmingly declared In the amendment proposed to section 4(a) of a Nation. We have to take a look at that ‘‘the official language of the Federal of the bill, in lieu of the text proposed to be that. Why is that? There are 50 stars, Government is English’’. According to the inserted as paragraph (7) of subparagraph C not 51 stars. We still have not been ad- 1990 United States Census, less than 24 per- of the referendum language, insert the fol- mitted into the family. Once we are ad- cent of the citizens of Puerto Rico speak lowing: March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H803 ‘‘(7) Spanish is an official language of The CHAIRMAN. The time has been is the case, they will have to make Puerto Rico and its only vernacular lan- allocated pursuant to the unanimous- their argument in Spanish because the guage and as such is the official language of consent request that was agreed to ear- majority of the people of Puerto Rico business and communication— ‘‘(A) in the State government, courts, lier. do not speak English. And why should schools, and agencies; and Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- they? The fact is that our culture, our ‘‘(B) in Federal courts and agencies when man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- history, our essence is rooted in the such courts and agencies are acting in or tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- Spanish language. More than that, it is with regard to Puerto Rico.’’. BARCELO´ ). the language of the legal system, the ´ b 1530 Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- Commonwealth Government and all man, I rise in opposition to this amend- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I non-Federal official business. If the ment submitted by the gentleman from yield myself 2 minutes and 30 seconds. supporters of this bill really respect Mr. Chairman, this bill is supposed to Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) because this the people of Puerto Rico, they will be about self-determination. Self-deter- amendment is intended to be a poison support this amendment which makes mination should be informed. The pill against those that are for the bill. Spanish the official language of Puerto Statehood Party in Puerto Rico has It is supposed to be intended as a poi- Rico. promised statehood. This means that son pill, because in Puerto Rico the law Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I under statehood, Puerto Rico gets to is that both English and Spanish are yield myself such time as I may con- keep its culture and its language, and I official languages, and you can have sume. agree with the gentleman from Puerto documents in English, and the agencies I will close by making the following in Puerto Rico are by law obligated to Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) that that arguments. I think they have not been is the kind of statehood that we should give those documents in English if a refuted here today. In a book written have. citizen requests for those documents in in 1978, Statehood is for the Poor, writ- As a matter of fact, and I quote from English. You can register property and ten and authored by the Resident Com- a book, Statehood is for the Poor, pub- deeds drafted in the English language. missioner of Puerto Rico, the gen- lished in 1978 by the current Resident So what has been said here is not tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- Commissioner, the gentleman from true. We want to maintain that right BARCELO´ ), he stated clearly and un- Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ): of all citizens to have their documents equivocally that language and culture Our culture and our language are not and their business with government are nonnegotiable. negotiable. transacted in either Spanish or Now, when the campaign goes to That is published in Statehood is for English. Those that do not understand Puerto Rico, I want to make sure that the Poor by the Resident Commis- will be provided with a translation. We if that is what they are saying to the sioner. And I believe that the people of will provide people to translate their people of Puerto Rico, that that is Puerto Rico have come to understand business for them. This would be an what this Congress is guaranteeing and to accept that that is the way that imposition upon Puerto Rico and will them. Let us not let them be under any statehood would be proposed and that be against the laws of Puerto Rico. illusions about what is going to be. their culture and their language would The gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Since that is exactly what has been be something that is protected. GUTIERREZ), who lives in Chicago and proposed by the Statehood Party and Puerto Rico has spoken Spanish for would like to have independence, now repeated so many times, I want those over 500 years. When I get to Puerto he is acting like a colonial power im- statehooders who have applauded, who Rico and see my parents, we speak in posing laws in Congress that would re- have cheered, who have cherished Spanish. When I go to a courtroom in peal the laws that we have, that would statehood and want to preserve their Puerto Rico, it is in Spanish. When I amend the laws without the people of language and culture, to have exactly register a deed, it is in Spanish. When Puerto Rico voting for it, without the what they have demanded and asked a police officer pulls somebody over for legislature participating. We oppose and rallied for. So, therefore, in the going a little too quickly, the citation this amendment very strongly. name of self-determination, I ask that is in Spanish, and the subsequent sen- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I this amendment be adopted so that we tencing, I assure my colleagues, is in yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman respect the wishes of the Statehood ´ Spanish, and you better have a lawyer from New York (Ms. VELAZQUEZ). Party. We should do no less. Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I that can speak Spanish. Mr. Chairman, I ask for a recorded rise in strong support of this amend- When you to go school and you grad- vote on this perfecting amendment and ment. Mr. Chairman, this amendment uate, your diploma is printed in Span- make a point of order that a quorum is will make Spanish the official lan- ish. Every record, including your birth not present. guage of Puerto Rico. It will protect certificate, is in Spanish. Spanish is The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the what already exists. If supporters of the language of the people. unanimous-consent request, debate will this bill are voting for self-determina- Are we talking about civil rights? take place on all three of the amend- tion for the Puerto Ricans, they will Let us not talk about imposing another ments that are being discussed, and support allowing them to speak their language. Go to Puerto Rico today. Go then they would be held. to the Veterans Administration or So- own language. They will support allow- PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY cial Security Administration office in ing them to do business and operate Puerto Rico today, and everyone will their courts as they have for almost 500 Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I speak to you in Spanish, unlike Chi- years. have a parliamentary inquiry. cago or New York or Oklahoma, be- Mr. Chairman, I have sat on this The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will cause Spanish is the language there. floor and listened to the arguments of state it. And since statehood has been proposed my colleagues on the other side of this Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, we in Puerto Rico, the culture and the issue. I have heard many distinguished will be able to ask for a vote on this language are nonnegotiable. I think we Members of this body argue, some pas- perfecting amendment later on. I have should guarantee that to the gen- sionately, some angrily, that by sup- not relinquished my right. tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- porting this bill they are protecting Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, will BARCELO´ ), the Resident Commissioner. the people of Puerto Rico. They say the gentleman yield? Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance that we must allow self-determination Mr. GUTIERREZ. I yield to the gen- of my time. for Puerto Rico because they respect tleman from New York. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- our culture, our history and our right Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I man, I ask unanimous consent to op- to control our destiny. would be glad to assist the gentleman pose the amendment offered by the I have argued that this bill does not in seeing to it that he gets his vote at gentleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIER- provide self-determination, but I will the appropriate time. REZ). accept that the supporters of this bill The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will put Mr. GUTIERREZ. I object, Mr. Chair- think they are promoting the wishes of the question at the appropriate time. man. the people of Puerto Rico. Well, if that Mr. GUTIERREZ. I thank the Chair. H804 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BURTON OF INDI- English only amendment. Although I the official language until and only if ANA AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE AMENDMENT agree that we need to debate and pass Puerto Rico became a State after 10 OFFERED BY MR. SOLOMON an English only bill or a constitutional years. However, under my substitute, Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- amendment making English the offi- there would be an immediate effect by man, I offer an amendment as a sub- cial language of our government, hold- a new national policy to promote the stitute for the amendment. ing U.S. citizens hostage in Puerto teaching of English to enable students The Clerk read as follows: Rico, not allowing self-determination in public schools to achieve English Amendment offered by Mr. BURTON of Indi- to take place is against my strongly language proficiency by the age of 10 ana as a substitute for the amendment of- held beliefs in democracy. right now. In other words, 50 States fered by Mr. SOLOMON: In section 3, amend subsection (b) to read English has been made an issue to would be required to have English as as follows: kill this Puerto Rico plebiscite bill. the official language, but not Puerto (b) OFFICIAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE.—In the H.R. 856 is a process bill to advance the Rico, until they became a State. So event that a referendum held under this Act democratic cause, to advance the you fortified the position that that is results in approval of sovereignty leading to Founding Fathers’ idea that freedom going to be a Spanish-speaking State Statehood, upon accession to Statehood, the and democracy demand self-determina- official language requirements of the Federal for at least 10 years. Government would apply to Puerto Rico in tion. My amendment would make sure the same manner and to the same extent as That is what this debate is really that English would be a proficiency, throughout the United States. about. Nevertheless, English has been there would be proficiency in English Add at the end of section 3 the following brought into the debate, forcing me by age 10 in Puerto Rico immediately, new subsection: and others to offer an alternative. Sup- not waiting 10 years. (c) ENGLISH LANGUAGE EMPOWERMENT.—It porters of H.R. 123, the Bill Emerson is in the best interest of the Nation for Puer- The last couple of evenings I was able to Rico to promote the teaching of English English Language Empowerment Act, to watch Braveheart on television. as the language of opportunity and empower- share Mr. SOLOMON’s English language This heroic story of the freedom fight- ment in the United States in order to enable policy goals but should not support ers of Scotland led by William Wallace students in public schools to achieve English this amendment to H.R. 856. I sup- over their British rulers resonates even language proficiency by the age of 10. ported strongly Mr. Emerson’s bill to this day. In section 4(a), in the referendum language when it was on the floor. b for Statehood, amend paragraph (7) to read The Solomon amendment is not 1545 as follows: faithful to H.R. 123. Instead the Solo- Like Scotland, Puerto Rico desires a ‘‘(7) Official English language require- chance at true freedom. However, rath- ments of the Federal Government apply in mon amendment does two things the Puerto Rico to the same extent as Federal House has never endorsed. Number one, er than take the debate to the battle- law requires throughout the United States.’’. the Solomon amendment requires bal- field, they ask us simply for the oppor- In subparagraph (C) of section 4(B)(1), lot language on the statehood option tunity to take the debate to the ballot strike ‘‘(C) Additionally,’’ and all that fol- which confuses voters to believe that box. lows through ‘‘(ii) the effective date’’ and in- Congress has imposed English as the Yes, they have local self-government, sert the following: exclusive official language of Puerto but under their current status Puerto (C) Additionally, in the event of a vote in Ricans are, in effect, ruled by the U.S. favor of continued United States sovereignty Rico’s potential State government, leading to Statehood, the transition plan re- which is not the case. And two, it also Congress but without any representa- quired by this subsection shall— confuses the voters that English is the tion in Congress. Puerto Ricans have (i) include proposals and incentives to in- exclusive language of instruction in no vote in the Congress but yet can be crease the opportunities of the people of Puerto Rico’s public schools, which is called into battle in a war on behalf of Puerto Rico to expand their English pro- not the case. the United States at a moment’s no- ficiency in order to promote and facilitate The Solomon amendment does not tice. communication with residents of all other empower the 3.8 million U.S. citizens of Yes, freedom and democracy are at States of the United States and with the Puerto Rico by promoting English the heart of this debate over H.R. 856. Federal Government, including teaching in English in public schools, awarding fellow- under the current commonwealth terri- Do we believe in a free people exercis- ships and scholarships, and providing grants tory status. Instead, the Solomon ing their right to self-determination or to organizations located in various commu- amendment would promote continu- do we not? That is the real question we nities that have, as a purpose, the promotion ation of an enclave of disenfranchised are debating today. of English language skills; Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens, a rec- We should, in my opinion, do the (ii) promote the use of English by the ipe for creating a Quebec-style separat- right thing and give Puerto Rico the United States citizens in Puerto Rico in ism under the American flag, which opportunity to let Congress clearly order to ensure— none of us wants. know if they want to be a State, a (I) efficiency in the conduct and coordina- tion of the official business activities of the We can avoid this by passing the Bur- Commonwealth or an independent Federal and State Governments; ton-Miller-McCollum-Young sub- country. And once we find out, and my (II) that the citizens possess the language stitute. Our amendment would be effec- colleagues need to know this, the final skill necessary to contribute to and partici- tive immediately, immediately. determination on the status of Puerto pate in all aspects of the Nation; and English proficiency by age 10 is the Rico rests with this body. (III) the ability of all citizens of Puerto Federal policy standard for school stu- The plebiscite we are talking about is Rico to take full advantage of the opportuni- dents in American’s largest and most advisory only. We are just asking that ties and responsibilities accorded to all citi- populous territory if my amendment the people of Puerto Rico be able to let zens, including education, economic activi- us know in the Congress, in a clearly ties, occupational opportunities, and civic passes. Our amendment eliminates am- affairs; and biguity and constitutional flaws in the defined way, what they want. Once we (iii) include the effective date Solomon amendment with clear and know that, then the Congress makes Mr. BURTON of Indiana (during the constitutionally sound provisions ap- the final determination. reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- plying to Puerto Rico, if it becomes a Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance mous consent that the amendment be State, the same national English pol- of my time. considered as read and printed in the icy applicable to all other States. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield RECORD. The irony of the Solomon amend- myself such time as I may consume, The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection ment is that it would isolate Puerto and I would tell this body that back in to the request of the gentleman from Rico from the purpose the amendment 1983 I was sitting in front of my locker Indiana? wants to establish when it wants to es- in the gym when a young man from In- There was no objection. tablish English as the official language dianapolis, Indiana came by and sat Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- of the United States. The Solomon next to me in the gym and we began to man, I yield myself such time as I may amendment would apply English to all talk, and we have been talking since consume. of the 50 States, but would carve out a 1938. Mr. Chairman, I rise today to offer a territory, Puerto Rico, under the U.S. And I said to myself, ‘‘There is an- reasonable substitute to the Solomon flag without the benefit of English as other Jerry Solomon coming along March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H805 here. He sounds to me like a true tradi- Indiana (Mr. BURTON), the gentleman So remember, www.house.gov/ tional doctrinaire conservative and, from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) and the gen- resources/ to hear the history of how therefore, when I retire in a few years, tleman from California (Mr. MILLER) this came to the floor today. I would feel safe that he was here.’’ My for the bipartisan substitute they are Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- beliefs have been shattered. I cannot offering to the Solomon amendment. I man, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- believe he is offering this gutting rise in support of the underlying legis- tleman from Michigan (Mr. BONIOR). amendment to the Solomon amend- lation to grant self-determination to Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Chairman, I thank ment, the true conservative position in the people of Puerto Rico and in oppo- the gentleman for yielding me this this body, and that is why I rise so sition to the Solomon amendment, and time. much against his amendment. in support of this amendment. When my grandfather first set foot in This amendment enshrines, my col- English and Spanish are already the this country, he was a young man from leagues, the language right of the official languages of the Government of Ukraine, and he did not speak a word Puerto Ricans in statute in a way that Puerto Rico and have been since 1902. of English. Not a single word. He came will spark years of litigation in States English is taught in public schools here for a better future. Like millions across this country. Remember this, from kindergarten through high of immigrants before him and millions because sure as I am standing here, it school. And it is my understanding who have come after him, my grand- is going to happen. that 95 percent of Puerto Ricans who father set out to work. He got a job, he Any Puerto Rican anywhere in the achieve education beyond high school raised a family, and he learned the lan- U.S. could challenge Federal and indi- are fluent in both languages. guage. There was no law telling him vidual State laws and declarations of I want to be clear to my colleagues that he had to learn English. There was English as the official language. No and read directly from the Burton no need for a law. He learned English State would be able to protect its offi- amendment: In the event that a ref- because it was practical; because he cial English law until all States pass erendum under this act results in ap- wanted to. English as the official language, and proval of sovereignty leading to state- My grandfather’s story is not unique. that will not happen if they are being hood, upon accession to statehood the In this country, a country built by im- sued, Mr. Chairman. The amount of official language requirements of the migrants from around the world, 95 lawsuits that will come about will be Federal Government would apply to percent of the people speak English. unbelievable if the Solomon amend- Puerto Rico in the same manner and to That is right, 95 percent, according to ment is gutted by this amendment. the same extent as throughout the the latest census. This amendment deletes my amend- United States. So I ask my colleagues, what is the ment’s finding and declaration of Let us support this amendment, purpose, what is the purpose of this English as the official language. It de- which treats Puerto Rico the same as English-only amendment and what letes the protections for English-speak- every other State, if Puerto Rico benefits will it bring? Well, the answer ing citizens. It deletes protections for chooses to become a State. The Burton is none. This amendment will only States which have declared English substitute also recognizes that it is in interfere with business, it will impede their official language until all States the best interest of the United States the efficient function of government, it have done so. and Puerto Rico to promote the teach- will deny people their constitutional The Burton amendment adds a new ing of English and sets the goal of ena- rights, and it could conceivably and English proficiency standard that con- bling students to achieve proficiency possibly even endanger their lives. flicts with the Equal Educational Op- by the age of 10. What purpose is served if a public portunity Act and other language pro- Mr. Chairman, my friend, the gen- health worker, perhaps a doctor who is visions in current law. And the liberals tleman from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), trying to stop the spread of a deadly on the other side of the aisle should whom I hold in the highest regard, is disease, is only allowed to speak with think about that. acting in a very unSolomon like mode people who know English? None. But The Burton amendment misleads vot- with this amendment today. It is not that is what this amendment could ers as to what Congress will require as wise and it is not fair. I urge my col- lead to. a minimum standard for the admission leagues to oppose this amendment. In fact, this English-only amendment of a State. Do we want to mislead the Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- could effectively prevent thousands of Puerto Rican people? If there is really man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman citizens, American citizens, from vot- a 10-year period before admission, why from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), the chair- ing by denying them their rights under should the people of Puerto Rico know man of the Committee on Resources the Voting Rights Act. That is going that they are voting on something and my great friend and colleague. too far. which Congress will not accept? (Mr. YOUNG of Alaska asked and was This country is successful because And finally, my colleagues, the Mil- given permission to revise and extend millions of people, people from hun- ler-Burton amendment limits the his remarks.) dreds of countries, have chosen to President’s ability to deal with the lan- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- throw in their lot together to build a guage issue and to protect English, man, I rise in strong support of the common future. Our democracy thrives which was recognized in the official substitute to the Solomon amendment. because it is built on a foundation of English bill that passed this House For those that are listening to this freedom. overwhelmingly 2 years ago with bipar- great debate, in order to help the pub- Passing a law telling people what tisan support. lic know about what Congress has been language they have to speak is akin to If my colleagues understand the doing about Puerto Rico for the past 4 telling them what words they must issue, they will come over here and years, all hearings, testimony, reports, say. vote down the Burton-Miller amend- amendments and the bill can be found So in closing, Mr. Chairman, I urge ment and support the Solomon amend- on the Committee on Resources’ home my colleagues to vote for this sub- ment, and then Puerto Rico will have a page at www.house.gov/resources/. stitute, the Miller-Young substitute, chance when the overwhelming major- I have just read an editorial in the and against the Solomon amendment. ity of those people understand that Washington Times that said there were Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield English will be the official language no hearings on this legislation. We myself such time as I might consume. and will not divide this country. have spent 4 years having hearings and Just to set the record straight, most Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance input from everybody participating in people around here can read bills. If of my time. this legislation. To have a leading they read the bill, they will know that Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- newspaper be that irresponsible is no the Solomon English language em- man, I yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gentle- call for true journalism in this great powerment amendment only affects woman from California (Ms. PELOSI). Nation of ours. Talk about propaganda. those things that the government does Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Chairman, I thank It is wrong when a leading newspaper that are binding and enforceable. It the gentleman for yielding me this can, in fact, promote something that is does not affect things such as the infor- time and commend the gentleman from incorrect to the general public. mation gathering operations of the H806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 government such as the census forms sound amendment that is not violative dum language for statehood, amend and welfare forms. It does not do that. of any provisions in our Constitution, paragraph 7 to read as follows: ‘‘Offi- It does not affect public health issues including the 10th amendment. cial English language requirements of or politicians campaigning in their dis- This amendment to the Solomon the Federal Government apply in Puer- trict. It does not do that. amendment offered by the gentleman to Rico to the same extent as Federal Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to from Indiana sounds good. It sounds law requires throughout the United the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. nice. It sounds like there is substance States.’’ The law will be the same for BARR), one of the constitutional law- there. But in reality, it is not there. Puerto Rico, the same English lan- yers in this body. He is an outstanding There is nothing here other than lan- guage law for Puerto Rico as it is for member of the Committee on the Judi- guage that will get us involved in a the rest of the United States. ciary. morass of additional grants and money Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, programs and bureaucrats trying to de- of my time. I thank the gentleman from New York termine whether or not these monies Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield (Mr. SOLOMON) for yielding me this are being spent to truly incentivize, as myself such time as I may consume. I time. they say now days, to promote and fa- would just point out to the gentleman Although I have not had the honor cilitate communication, et cetera. from Indiana (Mr. BURTON), so does my and pleasure of talking since 1983 with I urge our colleagues to look behind amendment. the gentleman from Indiana, I do know the fancy rhetoric here, to an empty Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to him as a man of great courage and amendment, to vote it down, and vote the gentleman from Savannah, Georgia honor and have enjoyed serving with in favor of the Solomon amendment. (Mr. KINGSTON). Mr. KINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, I him on his Committee on Government Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- thank the gentleman from New York Reform and Oversight. man, I yield 11⁄2 minutes to the gen- I know him to be a gentleman who is for yielding me this time. tleman from Texas (Mr. RODRIGUEZ). Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to constantly waging battles against gov- (Mr. RODRIGUEZ asked and was the Burton, Miller and company ernment mismanagement, against gov- given permission to revise and extend amendment. I think it is just a fig leaf ernment waste, against government his remarks.) designed to put us all in court and take bureaucrats. I know him as a gen- Mr. RODRIGUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I away a lot of power from States. If tleman who inevitably and constantly rise in support of this bipartisan sub- Members are for English first as a lan- is speaking the truth bluntly and does stitute which brings some common guage, as an issue, then they need to not suffer government bureaucrats and sense and fairness to the debate. oppose it and they need to support Sol- fools at all. No one doubts the importance of omon. I must, therefore, express some sur- English for all Americans. It is our It is not unusual for us to demand prise at the amendment that the gen- common language. I tell my students such things and try to amend bills and tleman from Indiana is offering and and my constituents back home that to so forth to do what we want to. There would respectfully urge my colleagues succeed in this global economy, in this is nothing unusual about it. Oklahoma to vote against it. modern world, we must learn English, and New Mexico were both required to There are such things as wolves in and not only learn, but master in have State constitutions providing sheep’s clothing. This is a sheep in English. English is the key for oppor- that public school education be con- sheep’s clothing. If one looks behind tunity. This amendment allows this op- ducted in English. Arizona was re- the facade of the rhetoric here, flowery portunity to provide that instruction quired to guarantee that its executive and lengthy as it is, one finds abso- and that training in English. and legislative officials could write, lutely nothing, zero, zip, nada. b 1600 speak and understand English. Not only is there nothing in this That is all the Solomon language is amendment in terms of requiring the It would treat Puerto Rico in a just trying to do. Culturally it is trying to English language in any way, shape, or manner, as it would treat all the other go a little bit beyond the language form in Puerto Rico if it is admitted to existing States. I would like to remind question. I think one of the things that statehood, but it actually, I believe, by all the Members in this House that the has inspired the Solomon language is its terms, would set us back. One has territories prior to being accepted, the situation with Quebec, north of our to read simply from page 2. such as Hawaii, we also allowed them border. In 1995 Quebec had a vote and Additionally, in the event of a vote the opportunity to be able to keep came very close to receiving a major- in favor of continued United States their native language. When we dealt ity for independence. It was a vote of sovereignty leading to statehood, the with the Territory of Oklahoma, we 49.4 percent, 10 percent higher than it transition plan required by this sub- also recognized the Native Americans had been 15 years earlier. It is very pos- section shall include proposals and in- in that area. When we looked at New sible that in the future, Quebec will se- centives to increase the opportunities Mexico, we also took into consider- cede from Canada. of the people of Puerto Rico to expand ation the Spanish in that particular Is there any correlation between their English proficiency in order to community. Puerto Rico and Quebec? Let us look at promote and facilitate communication The Solomon amendment would pre- it. What do they have in common? with residents of all other States of the vent millions of Americans and would Both had their own languages and cul- United States and the Federal Govern- discriminate against a lot of individ- tures long before becoming part of ment, including teaching in English in uals in Texas and others and in Puerto English-speaking majority nations, public schools, awarding fellowships Rico itself. This is not fair. It is not should that happen. Both had popu- and scholarships, and providing grants right. I would ask that Members vote lations in which the overwhelming ma- to organizations located in various for this particular amendment. Mr. jority speak a language different from communities that have as a purpose Chairman, in the age of increasing that of the majority of the rest of the the promotion of English language global competition, we should be nur- Nation, and both have political move- skills. turing some of our Nation’s most val- ments that focus on independence as This will set up more bureaucrats. ued treasures, our culture, our lan- the key to maintaining a separate cul- Who is going to monitor this? Where is guage and our skills, not curtailing ture and linguistic identity. Both have the money going to come from for them. economic elites that speak English these proposals and incentives to in- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- while the more economically disadvan- crease the opportunities? We are going man, I yield myself such time as I may taged citizens do not. to be paying for it. consume. I would just like to say to my It is quite possible that if we look at Mr. Chairman, this is a bad amend- colleague from New York and my col- the number, 82 percent of the people of ment. What we ought to do is have an league from Georgia, my very good Quebec are French speakers, 98 percent up or down vote on the Solomon friends, if they will look on page 2 of of the people of Puerto Rico are Span- amendment. I believe it is a good, my amendment, the second paragraph, ish speakers. The strong cultural iden- solid, and worthy, and constitutionally it says, in section 4(a) in the referen- tity which we are all aware of in this March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H807 House, and the strong cultural identity come the 51st State of the Union, we no longer can deny Puerto Rico state- that we want the good American citi- should vote that choice on its merits. hood, no matter what the percentage of zens of Puerto Rico to maintain, is at We are a country noted for its rich approval is by the Puerto Rican people. risk here. cultural diversity. Let us not dishonor Mr. Chairman, that is wrong. If we do This is a statehood vote. This is not that history. Reject the Solomon not have the kind of overwhelming sup- just let us see how you feel about it. amendment. port that we had in Hawaii and that we This is starting the car and pulling it I urge my colleagues to support the had in Alaska, we are going to end up out in the driveway. You do not do that Burton-Miller-Young-McCollum sub- in a situation almost identical to what unless you are going to take a trip, Mr. stitute and the right of the people of we have in Quebec, Canada today, and Chairman. This is a statehood vote. It Puerto Rico to self-determination. I we cannot allow that to happen. will radically change the culture in commend my colleagues for bringing The one major issue that has held Puerto Rico and lead to a lot of divi- this substitute to the floor. this country together for all these 200 sion in the United States over it. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield years as a melting pot of all ethnic Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- myself such time as I may consume. backgrounds throughout the entire man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman We can bring this to a head at any world, it does not matter whether it is from Massachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY). point now. I think it has been a very the Pacific, it does not matter whether Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr. good debate. Certainly Members have it is Europe, wherever it is, it is the Chairman, simply put, we ought not stated their feelings. common language of English that has I want to ask Members this question hold the issue of Puerto Rico’s political kept us together. That keeps our esprit one more time: Will Congress have to status hostage to the question of mak- de corps, it keeps our patriotism alive, begin conducting House and Senate ing English the official language of all because we all speak that one lan- floor proceedings in both Spanish and government functions across the guage. That is what is at stake on the English? Will the CONGRESSIONAL United States. Mr. Chairman, if that voting on this amendment in a few happened a lot of us here in the Con- RECORD, Federal Register and Uniform Commercial Code need to be printed in minutes. gress would be barred from speaking on Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, the House floor. I have been accused of Spanish and English? The answer is it may be. Will a State of Puerto Rico be will the gentleman yield? a lot of things in my career in politics, Mr. SOLOMON. I yield to the gen- able to force other States to conduct but speaking English has not always their official business in a language tleman from Georgia. been one of them. I once remember Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, other than English? The answer is very hearing a colloquy between Jamie likely. I would like to point out and reiterate Whitten and Kika de la Garza on this It will result in many lawsuits all to the membership in voting on the House floor, and I could not understand across this country. I suppose if you Burton amendment the language pre- a thing anybody said. are a lawyer or if you have got children viously cited by its author, that ‘‘the In fact, I heard the remarks of the who are entering the law profession, official English language requirements gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- perhaps you ought to vote for this bill of the Federal Government apply in MON) as he introduced his amendment because you are certainly going to gen- Puerto Rico to the same extent as Fed- and if I was not mistaken, he employed erate a lot of work for them. eral law requires throughout the a foreign phrase from the language of a Mr. Chairman, I could go on and on United States,’’ does nothing but sim- dead empire. Along with the gentleman and on. But I am going to say one more ply lock in the status quo. English is from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), I be- time that if this amendment, the Solo- already required for Federal purposes lieve deeply in the principle of ‘‘e mon amendment, is defeated, or if it is in Puerto Rico. Yet notwithstanding pluribus unum,’’ out of many, one. But watered down, anyone in this country that, the overwhelming majority of I think the gentleman from New York can bring an action anywhere in the Puerto Ricans do not understand ought to be allowed to enunciate the United States and could challenge Fed- English, do not speak English. This principle in the original language. eral and individual State laws and dec- language in the Burton amendment, Whether it is Hawaiian or Cajun larations of English as the official lan- which its author cites as a strengthen- French, Polish or even Gallic, there are guage. No State would be able to pro- ing amendment, simply maintains the millions of Americans who speak lan- tect its official English language. status quo. It goes no further and can- guages other than English and there is Again, these are very, very impor- not go further by its terms. no reason to reduce their first tongues tant matters. I am going to just reit- I thank the gentleman from New to second-class linguistic citizenship. erate one more time the procedures York for yielding. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- that are going to take place. I have al- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I re- man, I yield 1 minute to the gentle- ready said what would happen if the serve the balance of my time. woman from the Virgin Islands (Ms. Solomon amendment is defeated or wa- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- CHRISTIAN-GREEN). tered down. But if this bill becomes law man, I yield myself 11⁄2 minutes. Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. Mr. Chair- without the Solomon amendment, Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield man, I rise in strong opposition to the within the next 9 months, before the 1 minute to the gentleman from Indi- Solomon amendment and in support of end of 1998, we are ordering, demand- ana (Mr. BURTON). the Burton-Young-Miller-McCollum ing, requiring the island of Puerto Rico Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- substitute. The Solomon amendment is to conduct a plebiscite, and we are or- man, let me just say that I think the patently unfair to the people of Puerto dering, demanding and requiring them amendment, my substitute, the gen- Rico and does not belong in this proc- to do this until they finally vote for tleman from California’s substitute, ess of self-determination. statehood. Mr. Chairman, that is abso- solves the English language issue if Mr. Chairman, the people of Puerto lutely wrong. you want to have it attached to this Rico have been loyal American citizens If we pass this bill and if the Presi- bill. But this bill is not about the for more than 100 years. It is high time dent signs it within over the next sev- English language, nor should it be. It is that they be given the opportunity to eral weeks, that plebiscite will be held about whether or not the people of make a choice once and for all on what because it will be mandated by this Puerto Rico have a right to let the their political relationship will be. To Congress on the Puerto Rican people. Congress of the United States know if allow the Solomon amendment to pass Within 180 days after that, which takes they want to be a State, a common- would pollute the current bill and its us towards midyear of 1999, the Presi- wealth or independent. intent, causing possibly the entire dent must give us his transition plan. b process to be derailed. Then written into this law in section 6 1615 We need to remain focused and clear. is a requirement that this Congress This English issue is a red herring H.R. 856 is not supposed to be a state- will have to vote on that within 120 that has been put into the bill to try to hood bill. There are actually 4 options. days. drive a stake through the heart of the The people of Puerto Rico can choose That, Mr. Chairman, is the turning bill to kill it. That is what they want any one. But if their choice is to be- point. It is the turning point when we to do. They want to kill the bill. It H808 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 should not even be here in here. We Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance the Puerto Rican people, the citizens of should be debating the English only of my time. this country, have made to the growth issue in a separate piece of legislation Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- of this country in every aspect of our as we have in the past. man, I yield myself such time as I may history. All we are saying to those peo- This is a plebiscite bill to find out consume. ple is, you will be treated the same as from the people of Puerto Rico what Mr. Chairman, the coauthor, the everyone else who has made that con- status they want. Do they want to be a sponsor of this amendment, the gen- tribution. And when you make the de- State, do they want to be a common- tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) has cision to choose statehood or common- wealth, or independent? If they want to quite properly stated what this amend- wealth, you will know that the playing be a State, for instance, it has to come ment is about. This amendment is field is level here. back to the Congress and a process of about should at the end of this process That is what the Burton amendment about 8 or 10 years is going to take the people of Puerto Rico decide to accomplishes. That is not what the place before they become a State. So choose statehood as an option and a Solomon amendment does. The Solo- the Congress is going to make the final condition under which they want to mon amendment puts a series of condi- determination anyhow. This is a red live, the language in the Burton sub- tions beyond that level playing field, herring. stitute says they will be treated the that in the text of his amendment The other thing I want to say is that same as any other State. They will be apply only to Puerto Rico and only to I have great respect for my colleagues, treated the same as the citizens of Ne- those communications between the but I think that every one of my col- braska or California or New York or citizens of Puerto Rico and the govern- leagues who are opposing this bill, I Florida or Louisiana or anywhere else. ment. That we should reject. hope every one of my colleagues who If this Congress should decide that If later we want to do that, and Mr. are sitting in their offices will focus on English is the official language of this CUNNINGHAM indicated that maybe the the main issue at hand today, and that country and wants to add a lot of re- English as an official language bill will is do people who are American citizens, quirements about that at some future come back, if that prevails and passes and that is the people of Puerto Rico, date, if Puerto Rico is a State, Puerto and is signed into law, that will be the do the people who are American citi- Rico will live under those requirements zens have the right to say, we want law of the land with respect to the peo- the same as the citizens of any other ple in Puerto Rico and the people in representation if we are going to be State. paying the price in wars and taxes and California. But we should not be trying If Puerto Rico petitions to become a to guide that determination here, be- everything else for this country. Do State, and we agree to that, and they they have that right? They should. cause this is about a plebiscite, and vote for that and we vote for that, they this is about what people can expect to They are American citizens. are petitioning to become a State on Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, will happen and not happen should they coequal terms of every other citizen of choose one of the three alternatives the gentleman yield? every other State. The Solomon Mr. BURTON of Indiana. I yield to outlined in the legislation. amendment goes beyond that. It goes the gentleman from New York. This committee worked very hard. beyond that to require, require, that Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, the Mr. YOUNG held a whole series of hear- gentleman is standing up and saying, the communications be only in English ings in Puerto Rico and here to try and and people can only communicate with ‘‘JERRY SOLOMON brought this English determine the fairest way to present debate into this bill.’’ Here is the bill. the Federal Government in English, far these three options. We ought not now It is not my bill. This is the committee beyond what is required today in any try to put our thumb on one side of the bill. On page 10, line 1, section B, lan- law that we have. scale one way or the other with respect guage, ‘‘English shall be the common So what we said was not knowing yet to the outcome of that vote. what the people of Puerto Rico will de- language of mutual understanding in The people of Puerto Rico ought to termine, let us just level the playing the United States.’’ It goes on for be able to make their choice in this field, so, again, this debate cannot be pages. I did not introduce this into the plebiscite about their status, and then used, because in the politics of the bill, you folks did. it will be incumbent upon the Congress campaign, statehood versus common- Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- to either accept or reject that or to wealth versus independence, people man, reclaiming my time, I would say condition that. But we will then know want to argue you are going to lose to the gentleman from New York (Mr. what the choice of the people of Puerto your right to speak Spanish, you are SOLOMON), the reason we did was be- Rico is. going to be forced to speak only cause we knew the gentleman as the Mr. Chairman, I believe the Burton chairman of the Committee on Rules English, you are not going to have citi- zenship. This campaign gets way out of amendment maintains the integrity of was going to put this amendment into this process so that we will know when the process. That is why we did it, and control. So we tried to put language here which is very simple. You will be that vote is taken, that we have pro- the gentleman knows it. vided free and fair options with respect Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield treated, should you vote for statehood, to the status for the people of Puerto myself such time as I might consume. the same as any other citizen in any Rico to choose. With the Parliamentarians sitting up other State, period, with respect to the there I went to the Parliamentarians requirements of the English language Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance and said, I do not want to go beyond of the Federal Government. of my time. the germaneness of this bill. I will not That is fair, and I think it is proper, Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- do it. I will not use the power of our when people are going to engage in a man, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman Committee on Rules to do that. I could historical vote about their status from from Texas (Mr. GREEN). have done it, Mr. Chairman, as the gen- that point forward. (Mr. GREEN asked and was given tleman knows. Instead, we wrote an That is what this committee owed permission to revise and extend his re- amendment germane to the bill. So I them, that is what this Congress owes marks.) think the gentleman misspoke. them, and the Burton amendment al- Mr. GREEN. Mr. Chairman, I thank Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- lows that to happen. It simply levels the gentleman from Indiana for yield- man, if the gentleman will yield, I do out the playing field with respect to ing me time. not think I owe the gentleman an apol- English. They will know that they will I would also thank the gentleman ogy. First of all, the bill only author- not be discriminated against because from Indiana (Mr. BURTON), the gen- izes that language, authorizes the they speak Spanish; they will not be tleman from California (Mr. MILLER), English provisions in that bill. It does burdened because they do not have full the gentleman from Florida (Mr. not mandate them, if the gentleman compliance with English. They will MCCOLLUM) and the gentleman from reads that. simply be treated the same as all other Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) for bringing not Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, re- American citizens. only the bill, but this amendment here, claiming my time, nor does my amend- Many people have risen on this floor because this is what is going to bring ment. today to testify as to the contributions us together, I hope. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H809 Mr. Chairman, I would say to the military how to speak English, and I quirement. How can we force such an arbi- gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- am very proud of it. trary requirement on the citizens of Puerto MON), I understand that English lan- We are going to close this out, and it Rico when none exists for any of the 50 guage does bring us together, but we has been a good debate, up until the states? As the bridge to Latin America, al- have more in common than just our last couple of speakers. The Solomon ready over 85% of Puerto Ricans are fluent in language. As a Nation we are held to- amendment does nothing different than both English and Spanish. Further, the United gether by love of liberty and freedom, what we have done for Oklahoma, for States does not have an official language law, no matter what language we speak and Louisiana, for New Mexico and for Ari- and we should not start by imposing one on no matter how we speak English, be- zona. But now it becomes even more a geographic area as diverse as Puerto Rico. cause we speak English in different important, because I will state once For over four hundred years, our country has ways, from Texas to Maine, to Boston again that if the Solomon amendment been a ``melting pot'' for people of all racial to Florida and everywhere else. But is defeated, if the Burton amendment and ethnic backgrounds. In fact, we pride our- that is what this amendment talks allows the Solomon amendment to be selves on this unique aspect of our history. about. watered down, we are going to jeopard- We are a nation founded on the principles of Let me read the language for the ize the future of this democracy of freedom and equality for all. Members who are maybe watching in ours, because it means that Puerto Mr. Chairman, I hope that my colleagues their offices. ‘‘The official language re- Rico could possibly be brought in with- will remember these principles and support the quirements of the Federal Government in the next 24 months into this Union right of self-determination for the citizens of shall apply to Puerto Rico in the same with only a very, very small majority Puerto Rico. manner as and the same extent as of people wanting citizenship. We Mr. ORTIZ. Mr. Chairman, I rise today to throughout the United States.’’ should never, never let that happen. As oppose the English-only provisions being of- If the citizens of Puerto Rico make a we did with Hawaii, as we did with fered to this bill to define the political status of decision for statehood, they will come Alaska, we should always have over- Puerto Rico. in on the same level as the citizens of whelming support, not only of those I have consistently opposed English-only Texas. You can come to Texas and areas that want to come into the provisions to bills that have been before the speak Spanish, you can come and speak United States, but also of the Amer- House and do so again today. While I under- English; but if you go into a court- ican people. stand my friends who advocate these room, you are going to speak English The polls show that the American changes, we simply disagree. As the rep- or have a translator. people are opposed to this legislation resentative of a border districtÐas a man who They could speak whatever language in its present form. It shows that the has grown up speaking two languages every they want, because that is the freedom Puerto Rican people in the last plebi- day of my lifeÐI understand the dynamics of we enjoy. I have people in Texas who scite were opposed to statehood, and this proposal. are proud to be German and speak Ger- we should clear these up before this People on one side see the English lan- man, but when they go to court they matter ever becomes law. But, just as a guage as the defining and unifying element of have to have an English translation. safeguard, we ought to pass the Solo- the United States. Those who believe as I do, Mr. Chairman, I urge support for the mon amendment. that the English language is the most impor- Burton amendment. Mr. Chairman, let me say in closing tant element of economic development in our Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Chair- that the Solomon amendment has the country, also realize that it is the democratic man, I yield the balance of my time to support of U.S. English, it has the sup- institutions and history of the United States the gentleman from Rhode Island (Mr. port of English First, it has support of that define us as a country and a community. KENNEDY). the English Language Advocates, it has This policy, while well intentional, will make The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman support of the Center for Equal Oppor- some untenable changes. It will rescind the from Rhode Island is recognized for 30 tunity. All grassroots English groups use of bilingual education, a valuable program seconds. in this country support the Solomon to children of new immigrants. It will prohibit Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. amendment and oppose the watering the use of bilingual voting materials and bal- Chairman, I thank the gentleman for down of the amendment, whether it be lots. In a democracy, su voto es su vozÐyour yielding time to me. by MILLER-BURTON or by anyone else. vote is your voice. We would be stifling a deep Mr. Chairman, ultimately this is a So I urge support of the Solomon democratic tradition if we kept voting and bal- political football. The Solomon amend- amendment and defeat of the Miller- loting information out of the hands of those ment is meant to kill this bill. To Burton amendment. who speak a language other than English. think that we are asking the Puerto Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Chairman, I rise today to Probably the most insidious thing an Rican people to be forced to speak express my vehement opposition to H.R. 856, English-only policy would do would prohibit the English. I would ask the gentleman the United States-Puerto Rico Political Status use of dual language public health notices. from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), how Act, and to the English-only language amend- Now, it has been our experience in South often did we ask the 200,000 Puerto ment offered by the gentleman from New Texas that health care knows no single lan- Ricans who served in our Nation’s mili- York. guage, and it has been our experience that tary and were putting their lives on At the outset, I want to extend my full sup- diseases know no border. This would be a the line in defense of this liberty how port to my fellow colleagues, NYDIA VELAÂZQUEZ profoundly bad idea, and it would only hurt ev- well they spoke English? And why is it (D±NY) and JOSE SERRANO (D±NY), in their eryone, not just those who do not speak right for us now to say they have to efforts to ensure that the people of Puerto English. speak English? When they were good Rico have a ``voice'' in this process. As Con- I would like to associate myself with the re- enough to die for this country, they gresswoman VELAÂZQUEZ stated earlier today, marks of my friend CHET EDWARDS who said were good enough to serve for this ``Why don't we let Puerto Rico decide what's that we need to teach English, not preach it. country, now we are going to impose best for Puerto Rico.'' Spanish is the language of commerce in most the English language on them, when it For close to one hundred years, Puerto Rico countries of the Americas. The Spanish- was never the case when it happened to has been a Commonwealth of the United speaking countries are the largest potential come to them serving in our Nation’s States. Puerto Rican citizens have abided by market for U.S. goodsÐwe must not let the military. the laws of the United States; they have par- opportunity to sell them our products go by. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield ticipated in defending the United States in var- Our schools, and this government, must learn myself such time as I may consume. ious wars; and even joined the military during the language of world commerceÐwhich is Mr. Chairman, I am going to try to peaceful times. Both English and Spanish are primarily English, but is also increasingly hold myself down a little bit after the the official languages of Puerto Rico. They Spanish. remarks from my friend, the gen- clearly are an integral part of our representa- Let us not take a bad idea and make it tleman from Rhode Island (Mr. KEN- tive government. We should take extreme cau- worse. Please join me in opposing the English NEDY) over there. It seems like he and tion and listen to their concerns. only provisions of this bill. I always get into it about this time. I Moreover, we should not, as some of our Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support will just tell my good friend that I colleagues are trying to do, force them to of the Burton-McCollum-Young substitute to helped teach the Puerto Ricans in the abide by a stringent English-only language re- the Solomon English amendment to H.R. 856. H810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Under this amendment, the English lan- Republicans may misguide the American utes. How do we do that? How do we guage would be immediately fostered in Puer- people with the argument that empowering propound a recorded vote at this time? to RicoÐunlike the Solomon amendment, voters with bilingual assistance costs tax dol- The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has the which applies the English language require- lars. Nothing could be farther from the truth. authority to do it. Pursuant to the ments only if the U.S. citizens of Puerto Rico Studies show that the cost of bilingual assist- rules, the Chair will announce the sub- choose to become a State. The Burton sub- ance for voting is either nominal or causes no sequent two votes (if ordered) will be 5 stitute would allow all students to be proficient additional costs. A GAO report shows that of minute votes. in the English language by age 10. 295 responding jurisdictions, written assist- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, be- Please join me in supporting the Burton ance costs less than 8 percent of election ex- fore we vote, there have been some substitute to the Solomon English amendment. penditures and it estimates that costs 18 pretty scandalous things occurring. This bipartisan substitute provides an impartial states nothing. Oral language assistance is The CHAIRMAN. A recorded vote is and equitable alternative. even less burdensome. ordered. The gentleman from Illinois is Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I rise in oppo- As important as voting, ordinary citizens out of order. sition to the amendment to HR 856, offered by need access to our government. We do not Mr. GUTIERREZ. If the Chairman Representative SOLOMON, requiring English to want to cripple government with English-only will, please, I do have a very good be the official language of all government mandates, lest the police, 911 operators and point. This is very serious. We are vio- functions across the entire United States and Emergency Medical Service technicians would lating the rules of the House, Mr. support the substitute amendment offered by be unable to do their jobs in life threatening Chairman. This is being handed out Representatives BURTON, MILLER, and YOUNG, situations involving an individual with little flu- against our rules. which would treat Puerto Rico the same as ency in English. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman every other state; which recognizes the pri- Conversely, the government needs to con- have a parliamentary inquiry? mary role of English in our national affairs; tinue to provide services to ordinary citizens. PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY and which would not preclude the use of other Restricting the ability of agencies to dispense Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I languages in government functions when ap- information to the public in a language other have a parliamentary inquiry. propriate. than English would undermine important gov- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will As a member of the House Judiciary Com- ernment functions such as collecting taxes, in- state it. mittee, it comes as no surprise to me that yet forming citizens of their fundamental rights, Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, can again the proponents of the English-only promoting equal educational opportunity and this be handed out to Members of the movement are attempting to divide this coun- public health and safety, and ensuring due House of Representatives as they are try with English-only legislation. process under the law. walking in here, to ask people to vote While we in this country do not always English-only isolates the U.S. from the rest yes or no on different amendments as agree, we share a common set of democratic of the world. Similar to the evolving society in they walk in here, without having the ideals and valuesÐa commitment to freedom, which we live, our world is also changing. We letterhead of the U.S. Congress and equality, tolerance and opportunity. This is live in a global economy, requiring Americans without it being signed by some Mem- what holds us togetherÐnot language. to be more cognizant of the language, the cul- ber of Congress? On the same principle, I want to make my tural norms and sensitivities and business The CHAIRMAN. Handouts handed position clear that there is no place for practices of our international trading partners. out to the membership must indicate English-only legislation in this country. The time calls for us to adaptÐwhich does not who authorized them. English-only is nothing more than a political mean imposing that our government functions Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, tactic. Why else would we be seeking to im- in one languageÐEnglish only. then I bring to the attention of the plement English-only policies when 95 percent The majority of federal documents are al- Chair that this is being handed out of the U.S. population already speaks ready in English. According to the General Ac- amongst us without signature, without English? counting Office, only 0.06 percent of federal the letterhead, not in accordance with What the Solomon amendment really does documents are printed in non-English lan- our rules, and I would ask that the is effectively to disenfranchise a large popu- guages. Rather than restrict the use of non- Chair protect in any way possible the lation of citizens for the purely political reason English languages, we should be expanding integrity of the rules of the House. that they traditionally vote Democratic rather our fluency in several different languages. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will do than Republican. Thirty-two million Americans speak a second everything possible so that the rules of Specific to this bill, the real fear of the Re- language. They are competitive with the rest the House are adhered to and complied publicans is that in the event that Puerto Rico of the world. with. joins the Union as a state, the majority of the I urge my colleagues to vote against the Pursuant to clause 2(c) of rule XXIII, voting population may turn out voting Demo- Solomon amendment, and resist this latest at- the Chair may reduce to not less than cratic. Puerto Ricans see through this veiled tempt to divide our country, and weaken its 5 minutes the time for any recorded political attempt. So do current registered vot- position globally and vote in favor of the sub- vote, if ordered, on the Burton sub- ers. stitute to the Solomon amendment offered by stitute amendment to the Solomon English-only alienates ordinary citizens. Representatives BURTON, MILLER, and YOUNG. amendment or on the Solomon amend- Let's face the reality of the 21st centuryÐwe Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield ment without intervening business or live in a multicultural and multilingual society, back the balance of my time. debate. and this is America's strength. We are a proud The CHAIRMAN. The question is on The vote was taken by electronic de- nation of immigrants. Many immigrants re- the amendment offered by the gen- vice, and there were—ayes 13, noes 406, cently have become citizens, and embrace the tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ), answered ‘‘present’’ 1, not voting 10, as opportunity which many were deprived in their to the amendment offered by the gen- follows: native country to vote. tleman from New York (Mr. SOLOMON). Many immigrants also are learning English The question was taken; and the [Roll No. 28] faster than ever, as indicated by increased en- Chairman announced that the noes ap- AYES—13 rollment in English classes. By abolishing bilin- peared to have it. Conyers Meeks (NY) Serrano gual ballots, the English-only measure seeks RECORDED VOTE Davis (IL) Owens Towns Gutierrez Pastor Velazquez to undermine standing lawÐthe Voting Rights Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I Kennedy (MA) Payne Act of 1965Ðand to frustrate the participation demand a recorded vote. McKinney Rush A recorded vote was ordered. of U.S. citizens in the political process. NOES—406 We need to keep out English-only legislation PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Abercrombie Baker Bass and retain bilingual voting materials not only to Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I have Ackerman Baldacci Bateman allow voters to engage meaningfully in our de- a parliamentary inquiry. Aderholt Ballenger Becerra mocracy, but also to permit voters to partici- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will Allen Barcia Bentsen pate on an informed basis. They need to know state it. Andrews Barr Bereuter Archer Barrett (NE) Berman who is running for office and also to under- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I un- Armey Barrett (WI) Berry stand more complex voting issues such as derstood that we were going to try to Bachus Bartlett Bilbray constitutional amendments. reduce the second vote down to 5 min- Baesler Barton Bilirakis March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H811 Bishop Frank (MA) Lofgren Sabo Smith, Adam Tiahrt Davis (FL) Kanjorski Pastor Blagojevich Franks (NJ) Lowey Salmon Smith, Linda Tierney Davis (IL) Kaptur Payne Bliley Frelinghuysen Lucas Sanchez Snowbarger Traficant DeFazio Kelly Pelosi Blumenauer Frost Maloney (CT) Sanders Snyder Turner DeGette Kennedy (MA) Peterson (MN) Blunt Furse Maloney (NY) Sandlin Solomon Upton Delahunt Kennedy (RI) Pombo Boehlert Gallegly Manton Sanford Souder Vento DeLauro Kennelly Pomeroy Boehner Ganske Manzullo Sawyer Spence Visclosky Deutsch Kildee Portman Bonilla Gejdenson Markey Saxton Spratt Walsh Diaz-Balart Kim Price (NC) Bonior Gekas Martinez Scarborough Stabenow Wamp Dicks Kind (WI) Rahall Borski Gephardt Mascara Schaefer, Dan Stark Watkins Dingell Kleczka Rangel Boswell Gibbons Matsui Schaffer, Bob Stearns Watt (NC) Dixon Klink Redmond Boucher Gilchrest McCarthy (MO) Scott Stenholm Watts (OK) Doggett Klug Reyes Boyd Gillmor McCarthy (NY) Sensenbrenner Stokes Waxman Dooley Kolbe Riggs Brady Gilman McCollum Sessions Strickland Weldon (FL) Doyle Kucinich Rivers Brown (CA) Goode McCrery Shadegg Stump Weldon (PA) Edwards LaFalce Rodriguez Brown (FL) Goodlatte McDade Shaw Stupak Weller Ehlers Lampson Roemer Brown (OH) Goodling McDermott Shays Sununu Wexler Ehrlich Lantos Ros-Lehtinen Bryant Gordon McGovern Sherman Talent Weygand Engel Lazio Rothman Bunning Goss McHale Shuster Tanner White English Leach Roybal-Allard Burr Graham McHugh Sisisky Tauscher Whitfield Ensign Levin Rush Burton Granger McInnis Skaggs Tauzin Wicker Eshoo Lewis (GA) Sabo Buyer Green McIntosh Skeen Taylor (MS) Wise Etheridge Lofgren Sanchez Callahan Greenwood McIntyre Skelton Taylor (NC) Wolf Evans Lowey Sanders Calvert Gutknecht McKeon Slaughter Thomas Woolsey Farr Maloney (CT) Sandlin Camp Hall (OH) McNulty Smith (MI) Thompson Wynn Fattah Maloney (NY) Sawyer Campbell Hall (TX) Meehan Smith (NJ) Thornberry Yates Fazio Manton Saxton Canady Hamilton Meek (FL) Smith (OR) Thune Young (AK) Filner Markey Scott Cannon Hansen Menendez Smith (TX) Thurman Young (FL) Foley Martinez Serrano Forbes Mascara Shaw Cardin Hastert Metcalf ANSWERED ‘‘PRESENT’’—1 Carson Hastings (FL) Mica Ford Matsui Sherman Castle Hastings (WA) Millender- Waters Fox McCarthy (MO) Skaggs Frank (MA) McCarthy (NY) Skeen Chabot Hayworth McDonald NOT VOTING—10 Frost McCollum Skelton Chambliss Hefley Miller (CA) Furse McDermott Slaughter Chenoweth Hefner Miller (FL) Doolittle Luther Shimkus Gallegly McGovern Smith (NJ) Christensen Herger Minge Gonzalez Poshard Torres Gejdenson McHale Smith, Adam Clay Hill Mink Harman Schiff Gekas McInnis Snyder Clayton Hilleary Moakley Kilpatrick Schumer Gephardt McIntyre Spratt Clement Hilliard Mollohan Gibbons McKeon Stabenow Clyburn Hinchey Moran (KS) b 1651 Gilchrest McKinney Stark Coble Hinojosa Moran (VA) Gilman McNulty Stokes Coburn Hobson Morella Messrs. JACKSON of Illinois, Gordon Meehan Strickland Murtha Collins Hoekstra BECERRA, SMITH of Texas, SMITH of Granger Meek (FL) Stupak Combest Holden Myrick Michigan, MALONEY of Connecticut, Green Meeks (NY) Tanner Condit Hooley Nadler BATEMAN, and RANGEL changed Greenwood Mica Tauscher Cook Horn Neal their vote from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ Hall (OH) Millender- Tauzin Cooksey Hostettler Nethercutt Hamilton McDonald Taylor (MS) Costello Houghton Neumann Ms. MCKINNEY and Messrs. OWENS, Hansen Miller (CA) Thompson Cox Hoyer Ney KENNEDY of Massachusetts, and CON- Hastings (FL) Minge Thornberry Coyne Hulshof Northup YERS changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ to Hefner Mink Thurman Cramer Hunter Norwood Hilliard Moakley Tierney Crane Hutchinson Nussle ‘‘aye.’’ Hinchey Mollohan Turner Crapo Hyde Oberstar So the amendment to the amendment Hinojosa Moran (VA) Vento Cubin Inglis Obey was rejected. Hooley Morella Visclosky Cummings Istook Olver The result of the vote was announced Hostettler Murtha Walsh Cunningham Jackson (IL) Ortiz Houghton Nadler Waters Danner Jackson-Lee Oxley as above recorded. Hoyer Neal Watt (NC) Davis (FL) (TX) Packard The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Hulshof Oberstar Waxman Davis (VA) Jefferson Pallone the amendment offered by the gen- Jackson (IL) Obey Wexler Deal Jenkins Pappas Jackson-Lee Olver Weygand DeFazio John Parker tleman from Indiana (Mr. BURTON) as a (TX) Ortiz Wise DeGette Johnson (CT) Pascrell substitute for the amendment offered Jefferson Owens Woolsey Delahunt Johnson (WI) Paul by the gentleman from New York (Mr. John Oxley Wynn DeLauro Johnson, E. B. Paxon SOLOMON). Johnson (WI) Pallone Yates DeLay Johnson, Sam Pease Johnson, E. B. Pascrell Young (AK) Deutsch Jones Pelosi The question was taken; and the Diaz-Balart Kanjorski Peterson (MN) Chairman announced that the ayes ap- NOES—182 Dickey Kaptur Peterson (PA) Aderholt Conyers Hastert Dicks Kasich Petri peared to have it. Archer Cooksey Hastings (WA) Dingell Kelly Pickering RECORDED VOTE Armey Cox Hayworth Dixon Kennedy (RI) Pickett Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I de- Bachus Crane Hefley Doggett Kennelly Pitts Baesler Crapo Herger Dooley Kildee Pombo mand a recorded vote. Baker Cubin Hill Doyle Kim Pomeroy A recorded vote was ordered. Barr Cunningham Hilleary Dreier Kind (WI) Porter The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the Barrett (NE) Davis (VA) Hobson Duncan King (NY) Portman Bartlett Deal Hoekstra Dunn Kingston Price (NC) Chair’s prior announcement, this will Bass DeLay Holden Edwards Kleczka Pryce (OH) be a 5-minute vote. Bateman Dickey Horn Ehlers Klink Quinn The vote was taken by electronic de- Bereuter Dreier Hunter Ehrlich Klug Radanovich vice, and there were—ayes 238, noes 182, Bilbray Duncan Hutchinson Emerson Knollenberg Rahall Bilirakis Dunn Hyde Engel Kolbe Ramstad not voting 10, as follows: Bliley Emerson Inglis English Kucinich Rangel [Roll No. 29] Blunt Everett Istook Ensign LaFalce Redmond Boehner Ewing Jenkins Eshoo LaHood Regula AYES—238 Brady Fawell Johnson (CT) Etheridge Lampson Reyes Abercrombie Blumenauer Cannon Bryant Fossella Johnson, Sam Evans Lantos Riggs Ackerman Boehlert Cardin Bunning Fowler Jones Everett Largent Riley Allen Bonilla Carson Burr Franks (NJ) Kasich Ewing Latham Rivers Andrews Bonior Castle Callahan Frelinghuysen King (NY) Farr LaTourette Rodriguez Baldacci Borski Clay Calvert Ganske Kingston Fattah Lazio Roemer Ballenger Boswell Clayton Canady Gillmor Knollenberg Fawell Leach Rogan Barcia Boucher Clement Chabot Goode LaHood Fazio Levin Rogers Barrett (WI) Boyd Clyburn Chambliss Goodlatte Largent Filner Lewis (CA) Rohrabacher Barton Brown (CA) Condit Chenoweth Goodling Latham Foley Lewis (GA) Ros-Lehtinen Becerra Brown (FL) Cook Christensen Goss LaTourette Forbes Lewis (KY) Rothman Bentsen Brown (OH) Costello Coble Graham Lewis (CA) Ford Linder Roukema Berman Burton Coyne Coburn Gutierrez Lewis (KY) Fossella Lipinski Roybal-Allard Berry Buyer Cramer Collins Gutknecht Linder Fowler Livingston Royce Bishop Camp Cummings Combest Hall (TX) Lipinski Fox LoBiondo Ryun Blagojevich Campbell Danner H812 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Livingston Pitts Snowbarger [Roll No. 30] Boehner Herger Regula LoBiondo Porter Solomon Brady Hill Riley Lucas Pryce (OH) Souder AYES—265 Bryant Hilleary Rogan Manzullo Quinn Spence Abercrombie Gillmor Morella Bunning Hobson Rogers McCrery Radanovich Stearns Ackerman Gilman Murtha Burr Hoekstra Rohrabacher McDade Ramstad Stenholm Allen Gordon Nadler Callahan Horn Roukema McHugh Regula Stump Andrews Granger Neal Calvert Hutchinson Royce McIntosh Riley Sununu Baldacci Green Northup Chabot Hyde Salmon Menendez Rogan Talent Ballenger Greenwood Nussle Chambliss Inglis Sanford Metcalf Rogers Taylor (NC) Barcia Hall (OH) Oberstar Chenoweth Johnson (CT) Scarborough Miller (FL) Rohrabacher Thomas Barrett (NE) Hamilton Obey Coble Johnson, Sam Schaefer, Dan Moran (KS) Roukema Thune Barrett (WI) Hansen Olver Coburn Jones Scott Myrick Royce Tiahrt Barton Hastings (FL) Ortiz Collins Kasich Sensenbrenner Nethercutt Ryun Towns Becerra Hefner Owens Combest Kingston Sessions Neumann Salmon Traficant Bentsen Hilliard Oxley Conyers Knollenberg Shadegg Ney Sanford Upton Bereuter Hinchey Pallone Cooksey LaHood Shays Northup Scarborough Velazquez Berry Hinojosa Pascrell Cox Largent Shuster Norwood Schaefer, Dan Wamp Bishop Holden Pastor Crane Latham Sisisky Nussle Schaffer, Bob Watkins Blagojevich Hooley Payne Crapo LaTourette Smith (MI) Packard Sensenbrenner Watts (OK) Boehlert Hostettler Pease Cubin Lewis (CA) Smith (OR) Pappas Sessions Weldon (FL) Bonilla Houghton Pelosi Cunningham Lewis (KY) Smith, Linda Parker Shadegg Weldon (PA) Bonior Hoyer Peterson (MN) Davis (VA) Linder Snowbarger Paul Shays Weller Borski Hulshof Peterson (PA) Deal Lipinski Solomon Paxon Shuster White Boswell Hunter Pickering DeLay Livingston Souder Pease Sisisky Whitfield Boucher Istook Pombo Dickey LoBiondo Spence Peterson (PA) Smith (MI) Wicker Boyd Jackson (IL) Pomeroy Dreier Manzullo Stearns Petri Smith (OR) Wolf Brown (CA) Jackson-Lee Portman Dunn McIntosh Stenholm Pickering Smith (TX) Young (FL) Brown (FL) (TX) Price (NC) Emerson Menendez Stump Pickett Smith, Linda Brown (OH) Jefferson Quinn Everett Metcalf Sununu Burton Jenkins Rahall Fawell Miller (FL) Talent NOT VOTING—10 Buyer John Ramstad Fowler Myrick Taylor (NC) Doolittle Luther Shimkus Camp Johnson (WI) Rangel Franks (NJ) Nethercutt Thune Gonzalez Poshard Torres Campbell Johnson, E. B. Redmond Frelinghuysen Neumann Tiahrt Harman Schiff Canady Kanjorski Reyes Ganske Ney Towns Kilpatrick Schumer Cannon Kaptur Riggs Goode Norwood Traficant Cardin Kelly Rivers Goodlatte Packard Upton Carson Kennedy (MA) Rodriguez Goodling Pappas Velazquez b 1701 Castle Kennedy (RI) Roemer Goss Parker Watkins Christensen Kennelly Ros-Lehtinen Graham Paul Watts (OK) Messrs. BOB SCHAFFER of Colorado, Clay Kildee Rothman Gutierrez Paxon Weldon (FL) HASTERT, BAESLER, ROGAN, and Clayton Kim Roybal-Allard Gutknecht Petri Weldon (PA) Clement Kind (WI) Rush Hall (TX) Pickett Weller HALL of Texas changed their vote Clyburn King (NY) Ryun Hastert Pitts White from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ Condit Kleczka Sabo Hastings (WA) Porter Whitfield Cook Klink Sanchez Hayworth Pryce (OH) Wicker Mrs. KELLY and Mr. SMITH of New Hefley Radanovich Wolf Jersey changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ to Costello Klug Sanders Coyne Kolbe Sandlin NOT VOTING—12 ‘‘aye.’’ Cramer Kucinich Sawyer So the amendment offered as a sub- Cummings LaFalce Saxton Berman Harman Schiff Danner Lampson Schaffer, Bob Doolittle Kilpatrick Schumer stitute for the amendment was agreed Davis (FL) Lantos Serrano Furse Luther Shimkus to. Davis (IL) Lazio Shaw Gonzalez Poshard Torres DeFazio Leach Sherman b The result of the vote was announced DeGette Levin Skaggs 1711 as above recorded. Delahunt Lewis (GA) Skeen Mr. SALMON, Mr. COOKSEY, and The CHAIRMAN. The question is on DeLauro Lofgren Skelton Deutsch Lowey Slaughter Ms. DUNN changed their vote from the amendment offered by the gen- Diaz-Balart Lucas Smith (NJ) ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ tleman from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), Dicks Maloney (CT) Smith (TX) Mr. PASCRELL and Mr. BERRY as amended. Dingell Maloney (NY) Smith, Adam changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ Dixon Manton Snyder The question was taken; and the Doggett Markey Spratt So the amendment, as amended, was Chairman announced that the ayes ap- Dooley Martinez Stabenow agreed to. peared to have it. Doyle Mascara Stark The result of the vote was announced Duncan Matsui Stokes as above recorded. RECORDED VOTE Edwards McCarthy (MO) Strickland Ehlers McCarthy (NY) Stupak The CHAIRMAN. The Committee will Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I de- Ehrlich McCollum Tanner rise informally in order that the House mand a recorded vote. Engel McCrery Tauscher may receive a message. A recorded vote was ordered. English McDade Tauzin Ensign McDermott Taylor (MS) The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the Eshoo McGovern Thomas HASTERT), assumed the Chair. Chair’s prior announcement, this will Etheridge McHale Thompson f be a 5-minute vote. Evans McHugh Thornberry Ewing McInnis Thurman SUNDRY MESSAGES FROM THE PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Farr McIntyre Tierney PRESIDENT ´ Fattah McKeon Turner Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO (during the Fazio McKinney Vento Sundry messages in writing from the vote). Mr. Chairman, I have a par- Filner McNulty Visclosky President of the United States were liamentary inquiry. I was standing Foley Meehan Walsh Forbes Meek (FL) Wamp communicated to the House by Mr. here, and the Chairman did not see me. Ford Meeks (NY) Waters Sherman Williams, one of his secretar- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will Fossella Mica Watt (NC) ies. Fox Millender- Waxman state it. Frank (MA) McDonald Wexler The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- Frost Miller (CA) Weygand Committee will resume its sitting. man, I have to explain to everyone Gallegly Minge Wise f Gejdenson Mink Woolsey what this second vote is. There is con- Gekas Moakley Wynn UNITED STATES-PUERTO RICO fusion in the hall as to what this sec- Gephardt Mollohan Yates POLITICAL STATUS ACT ond vote is. Gibbons Moran (KS) Young (AK) Gilchrest Moran (VA) Young (FL) The Committee resumed its sitting. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair has ex- plained to the Members what this vote NOES—153 b 1715 is. Aderholt Baker Bilbray Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, it is The vote was taken by electronic de- Archer Barr Bilirakis my intention to offer amendment num- Armey Bartlett Bliley vice, and there were—ayes 265, noes 153, Bachus Bass Blumenauer ber 2 that was printed in the RECORD at not voting 12, as follows: Baesler Bateman Blunt this time. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H813 The CHAIRMAN. It is now in order to amendment of the gentleman from New My original amendment, Mr. Chair- debate the subject matter of the York, if the gentleman from Illinois man, included not only those born on amendment by the gentleman from would have one. the island, but included the children of New York (Mr. SERRANO). The gen- Mr. GUTIERREZ. And in order for at least one parent born on the island tleman from New York (Mr. SERRANO) me to offer an amendment to the who were born anywhere outside the is- and a Member opposed each will con- amendment, I would need to get some- land. That amendment, in all honesty, trol 15 minutes. one who controls time within that 30 had about six votes. And since I can The Chair recognizes the gentleman minutes or I would never be able to count a little better than that, I began from New York (Mr. SERRANO). offer it? And I am sorry, Mr. Chairman. to deal with that issue. It was based on Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I The CHAIRMAN. No. If the gen- the fact that we removed that part would like to claim the 15 minutes in tleman offers a substitute amendment from the amendment that the gen- opposition. at that time, debate on that substitute tleman from Alaska, the author of the PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRIES amendment would be under the 5- bill, agreed to the amendment. This Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- minute rule. then allows thousands of Puerto Ricans man, parliamentary inquiry. Mr. GUTIERREZ. So I would get my who live throughout the 50 States to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will own 5 minutes? So it is my understand- vote in the plebiscite. state his parliamentary inquiry. ing, and I thank the Chairman for his Now, in addition, Mr. Chairman, Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- indulgence, and excuse my lack of there is precedence throughout the man, would a member of the commit- knowledge of the procedures here. world, in different votes that have been I want to make sure, because what I tee, would he have an opportunity to taken, for this kind of involvement. would like to do is make sure that the be the first recognized in opposition, This is not a new idea. What I do want gentleman from New York can have his too? my colleagues to understand is that if amendment. I just want to make sure Would a member of the committee we face this vote, and I know this is that at some point, because of the half that is sponsoring this bill, would I not going to sound funny, thinking in hour, I either get to introduce this as be entitled to be recognized in opposi- terms of States, the idea of one person an amendment or as a substitute and tion, too, to control the time? living in one State voting in another that that will be guaranteed by the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is State, we would never agree to this. House that I can do that. correct; the priority of recognition But this is not about voting in another The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will State, this is about the future of a ter- would grant to the gentleman from be able to propose his substitute or per- Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) ritory, of a colony. fecting amendment if offered within And when that future is decided for- recognition previous to the gentleman the one hour of permitted consider- from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). ever, and statehood is forever, and ´ ation. independence is forever, and an associ- Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. I would Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I yield like to be recognized in opposition, Mr. ated republic is forever, and those myself such time as I may consume. three could be the options that come in Chairman. Mr. Chairman, the amendment that I The CHAIRMAN. So the gentleman is at the end, then all of the children of present today, amendment number 2, the territory, all of the children of the claiming the time in opposition? would provide for American citizens Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . That is cor- colony, should be allowed to vote. born in Puerto Rico, who reside outside I want to close with this. I want to rect. the island, to participate in this vote. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, par- thank the chairman of this committee Let me, as I begin, Mr. Chairman, not only for the bill but for consenting liamentary inquiry. note that this amendment has been The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will to my amendment, and I would implore agreed to by the chairman of the com- Members on both sides to take his lead state his parliamentary inquiry. mittee and chief sponsor of the bill, the Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, no in accepting an amendment that has gentleman from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), been around 8 years. I may be the only one on this side of the aisle is going to and he will speak to this issue in a few have any time on this amendment, and Member of the House who had an minutes. amendment before there was a bill, and I would like to ask the gentleman if he The gentleman from Alaska supports now there is a bill to attach the would yield me half of his time in op- our amendment because he feels that it amendment to. position. is a fair amendment that speaks to a Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- This is a good amendment, it maxi- legitimate issue. Mr. Chairman, those mizes the number of people who will man, I ask unanimous consent to yield of us born on the island of Puerto Rico, half of my time to the gentleman from participate and, in my opinion, makes and indeed all Puerto Ricans, feel very this plebiscite truly an American plebi- New York (Mr. SOLOMON) in opposition. much a part of the island of Puerto scite because it includes more than The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Rico regardless of where we are living. to the request of the gentleman from just the people who live on the island. Regardless of where we find ourselves, Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Puerto Rico? we very much feel a part of the island of my time. There was no objection. and, therefore, we feel very much that Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY any vote taken in Puerto Rico on the man, I yield myself such time as I may Mr. GUTIERREZ. Parliamentary in- political status of the island should in- consume. quiry, Mr. Chairman. clude us. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will Let me be clear that this bill does this amendment very, very reluctantly. state his parliamentary inquiry. not say, nor do I believe, that I should Very reluctantly because my fellow Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I be involved in electing the Governor of Member, the gentleman from New York want to make sure how this all works. Puerto Rico or the mayor of my home- (Mr. SERRANO), has been a very great I understand that the gentleman from town of Mayaguez or anything like supporter of our H.R. 856, our bill for New York has an amendment and I also that. This bill comes about because U.S.-Puerto Rico political status, and I have an amendment to his amendment. many of us understand the fact that feel very grateful for everything he has When does that happen in terms of the the relationship between the U.S. and done. procedure here today? Puerto Rico created certain situations I know the gentleman does this be- The CHAIRMAN. The subject matter throughout our history which made a cause he believes in it, otherwise he of the amendment offered by the gen- lot of us, either through our parents or would not do it. I know he believes in tleman from New York (Mr. SERRANO) as adults, leave the island. We left the this very, very dearly. I stand up al- is going to be generally debated now island physically but we never did most regretfully to oppose it, but I for 30 minutes. After that time the gen- leave the island in many other aspects. must oppose it because I am convinced tleman from New York will offer his In addition, so many of us travel back that were this to pass, we are including amendment, and then the amendment and forth to the island that the union an element into the result of the elec- of the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. between the two places or the two com- tions that could really create a serious GUTIERREZ) may be offered to the munities has remained one. situation. H814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 If Puerto Ricans were to vote in But there are many Puerto Ricans here island, as beautiful as it is, and now he Puerto Rico, which is as it always has who have suffered political persecution is being asked to not make a decision, been, and we have had two plebiscites in Puerto Rico, and they are in the not participate in a decision that will and the referendum for the approval of United States because of the political affect his or her life. the Constitution, and in none of them environment in Puerto Rico. After many hours of debate and dis- the Puerto Ricans who reside in the In fact, when I was a professor at the cussion with myself, and that some- mainland have been allowed to vote. University of Puerto Rico, I was politi- times gets awful boring, I decided in The rule that residents control, you cally persecuted. I decided to leave the favor of the Serrano amendment. I have to be a U.S. citizen and a resident island. I should have the right. This is want to compliment him for offering of Puerto Rico has always controlled not any State election. This is a unique it. I am going to urge the gentleman all elections and all referenda in Puer- and special election on the future and from Puerto Rico who has been the to Rico. the political destiny of Puerto Rico. Of horse in this whole program to be very To change this, the majority that course I should have the right to have careful in what he offers, and if he of- voted here in the mainland who do not a say in that determination. fers something, to please not ask for a reside in Puerto Rico and who are not Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I yield vote on it. Because what will happen in going to receive the favorable or nega- myself 30 seconds. the long run, people are going to be tive impact of that vote will then im- Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from tired, and we never know what might pose their will on the people of Puerto Puerto Rico says we are not effected. happen. Rico. The fact of life is my 40 years in this Let us say we do what is correct for I think this is for the people of Puer- country have been affected by the rela- the Puerto Rican people today. Al- to Rico who live in Puerto Rico to de- tionship between Puerto Rico and the though we can voice our opinion, let us cide and not for those brothers and sis- United States. keep this to the minimum of mechani- ters of ours that have moved to the Secondly, the gentleman understands cal efforts to make sure this bill comes mainland. that his citizenship and mine are statu- to fruition and a vote tonight. Many times, as the gentleman from tory. This vote may change that rela- Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- New York (Mr. SERRANO) says, it was tionship. My child’s citizenship is con- man, I yield myself such time as I may against their will. Economic conditions stitutional. I have a stake as to what consume. I take the advice of the forced them to move. So be it. But they decision is made on the island because chairman of our committee very seri- have moved. People like the gentleman I may be affected in the future. ously. I will consider it very, very, very from New York (Mr. SERRANO) have Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to seriously. their families here. Their children were the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. I want to again repeat that it hurts born here. Eventually they might go YOUNG), my leader on this issue. me very much really to take any kind visit Puerto Rico, but they are going to (Mr. YOUNG of Alaska asked and was of opposite position to the gentleman stay here forever, for the rest of their given permission to revise and extend from New York (Mr. SERRANO), my col- lives. They are not planning to go back his remarks.) league here on this issue. I know how to Puerto Rico. Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- deeply he feels about it. But as deeply So I repeat again that the results of man, I rise in support of this amend- as he feels about it, I also feel deeply the vote, whether good or bad, will af- ment, and I do so reluctantly, although about the fact that in Puerto Rico, the fect directly the people that live in my good friend, the gentleman from people who are going to be voting Puerto Rico. It will affect emotionally Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ), would not like to see the results of those that live here in the mainland. and I have been working very close. their vote affected by the vote that is But just the fact that we have an emo- But I thought about this after the taken outside of Puerto Rico, by people tional attachment and a feeling emo- gentleman from New York (Mr. that even though they were born in tionally about the results is not a suffi- SERRANO) testified before the commit- Puerto Rico, reside somewhere else, cient right to vote and create some- tee, and I tried to put myself in place they have a right to vote, and are re- thing that is of impact to the people of of a young man or young woman who siding there and are going to die there Puerto Rico. had to, either for economical reasons and probably live there for the rest of One example, the gentlewoman from or other reasons, had to go to the their lives. Whatever happens in Puer- New York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ) is against United States, because they are citi- to Rico is going to, yes, affect them di- this bill. And she does not want the zens now by statute, had to go to the rectly, there is no doubt about it. Puerto Ricans to vote and have the op- United States to get employment and But I want to clarify something for portunity to vote on this bill. Yet, if to work. the record. The fact is that the gen- she were to vote, she would be voting tleman from New York (Mr. SERRANO) b 1730 against statehood. She would be de- has a statutory citizenship, the same priving the people of Puerto Rico the This is a very serious system where as I have, that we are citizens because right to vote and the right to represen- we may set forth here an independent in 1917 a law was passed that said all tation. But she has that right to vote, nation. I would like to know, I would persons born in Puerto Rico shall be and she has that right to representa- like to participate, because I am still a citizens of the United States. But the tion. We do not have that. citizen of Puerto Rico although I have results of the plebiscite or the referen- Someone that has that right, how gone to the United States. I would like dum will not affect his citizenship or can they be voting in an event to de- to know if it becomes a State then ev- my citizenship. It will not affect the prive those citizens that do not have erything is equal, or it remains the citizenship of any of those that are that right and looking for that right? I original commonwealth that it is now. born, only of those that are born after think this is something that would cre- But more than that we have to un- the status change occurs. ate a confusion. It would create unfair- derstand, these persons have a role to If Puerto Rico opts for statehood, ness and an injustice to the people of play because they were born on the is- once Puerto Rico becomes a State, Puerto Rico. I must oppose this bill. land. They were born on the island. then those that are born in Puerto Rico Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Keep that in mind. They had not left as a State will be constitutional citi- of my time. the island other than for economic rea- zens because its constitution says that Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield sons or for family, but they were born only those that are born in the State 1 minute to the gentlewoman of New on the island. shall be citizens and also those that are York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ). I will not support grandchildren, naturalized. It does not talk about any- Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I aunts, uncles and all the rest of them thing else. Then we are citizens be- want to make a clarification. It is im- because they are citizens of the United cause the law provides us citizenship. portant for Puerto Ricans in the main- States, because they were born here, in That is why in the definition of com- land to participate, because, in fact, the United States. But I think it is im- monwealth in the bill we say that the Puerto Ricans in the United States, perative that we allow that individual citizenship is statutory under common- they go back and forth to Puerto Rico. who for some reason had to leave the wealth. That means that the Congress March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H815 may in the future if it feels like it say have an amendment to it, when it is amendment offered by the gentleman from this day on, or from the future adopted, it will say that the people of from New York (Mr. SERRANO) which day on, those born in Puerto Rico shall Puerto Rico are a duly constituted peo- would allow the persons born in Puerto no longer be citizens. They can do that ple born on that island and born on Rico but who do not currently reside if we are a commonwealth. They can- that island of a nation of people, and so on that island to vote in the referen- not do that if we are a State. That is they should participate, much as the dum authorized by H.R. 856. why I say the citizenship is statutory. Algerians who lived in France partici- Mr. Chairman, H.R. 856, if enacted, Also, the citizenship of the children pated, much as the Irish who lived in would allow the people of Puerto Rico in Puerto Rico will not be constitu- Great Britain participated, much as to exercise their rights to self-deter- tional until Puerto Rico becomes a the people of all of the other countries mination. The principle of self-deter- State. Our citizenship will remain the colonized. mination as stated in Article 2 of the same. The citizenship of his children What we have stated here is Puerto United Nations charter declares that, will remain the same. Rico is a colony of the United States. and I quote, all peoples have the right Even to be more clear to the people Therefore, that all members of that to self-determination; by virtue of that of Puerto Rico, we are not pushing this colony. So Puerto Rico is a nation. right they freely determine their polit- or misguiding anybody. When we said That by accepting, and I want to thank ical status and freely pursue their eco- that citizenship is statutory, we also the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. nomic, social and cultural develop- added a statement that says that it is YOUNG) for finally so eloquently stat- ment. the policy of Congress to keep granting ing that point here today, because I Like the gentleman from New York citizenship to people born in Puerto think that that is an important part. (Mr. SERRANO), I believe the right of a Rico under commonwealth. That is Remember, that that is what we are people to determine their political sta- specified in the bill. When people talk doing, bringing two nations together. tus is a fundamental one. And unlike about the unfairness of the bill, no, no, We should do it very, very carefully, local elections, a referendum on the the definition of commonwealth is with consultation and making sure final political status of Puerto Rico about as fair as it can be, the only that each partner understands what we would affect the future of all Puerto thing, it is true. How can a territory be are doing. Ricans, whether they live in or out of better than a State? Let me just take exception once Puerto Rico. And so it is only right That is why they are at a disadvan- again, because I see that there is one that on an election that will have such tage. Because when people read the def- thing that the gentleman from Alaska profound consequences on the future of inition of commonwealth as what it is, (Mr. YOUNG) and the gentleman from their island, all Puerto Ricans who a territory, they realize that there are Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) were born in the islands be given the much more advantages to statehood, and the gentleman from New York (Mr. opportunity to exercise their right to even though those in the territory do SERRANO) all agree with in unison. self-determination. I ask my colleagues not pay Federal income taxes and will That is, that Puerto Rican citizenship to vote ‘‘yes’’ on the Serrano amend- not be paying Federal income taxes as if you are born on the island of Puerto ment. long as Puerto Rico is a territory. But Rico is statutory. I think that is I also want to take this opportunity we also want to assume our respon- wrong. I think that is wrong. to thank and commend the gentleman sibility and pay our share. We now Let me just state for the record that from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) for his leader- have a commonwealth which is a wel- the Immigration Nationality Act of ship on H.R. 856 and his willingness to fare commonwealth, a welfare terri- 1945 tracked from the language of the listen to all sides, as well as his com- tory, because we are not contributing 1940 act, it says that all those who live mitment to all of the United States and not paying our share. in the United States, including Alaska, territories. As a State Puerto Rico not only Hawaii and Puerto Rico, are nationals Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I yield would pay their share but we would be of that country and born in the United myself such time as I may consume. paying over $4.5 billion in taxes if we States. Once again what we are saying Mr. Chairman, a lot has been said were a State right now. The additional is that if you are born in Puerto Rico, here almost in disagreement but yet cost at this point in time would be like my dad, like my wife, that her speaking about statutory citizenship about $3.1 billion, a net benefit of citizenship if you adopt this Young bill and constitutional citizenship. Make about $1.4 billion to the Treasury of can be taken away. no mistake about it, I have no doubt the United States. Let me just make two points. A, does that my citizenship is different than So all of these things that have been anybody really believe in this room the one my son who was born in the flying around against Puerto Rico, that this Congress would ever take Bronx has. I do not have a doubt about against Puerto Rico being a State, all away the citizenship of 3.8 million peo- that. I do not have to be a constitu- of them are misguided. They are half- ple? Does anybody in this room think tional lawyer to know that I became a truths, some of them, some are com- that will ever happen? Absolutely not. citizen on the island of Puerto Rico pletely erroneous, some are completely No President would ever sign that leg- when I was born there, because it was false. I beseech everybody here on this islation. If no one would ever do it and a law in 1917 that said so. That law was amendment to, yes, we will have to lis- no court would ever sanction it, why is passed by Congress. The Constitution ten to Serrano, but please let us vote it that we are saying it is statutory? is not amended by Congress. There is a against it. On the one hand we say it is statu- whole process to change that. Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield tory. On the other hand I am sure that And so I am clear on the fact that my 3 minutes to the gentleman from Illi- we will all dive on the blade so that son’s citizenship is one that is pro- nois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). that citizenship would never be taken tected by the Constitution of the Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I away. I am sure every Member here United States and if I am not mis- think this is a very enlightening and would say, ‘‘But I would never allow taken, there are only a few ways in interesting debate, because as so elo- that to happen.’’ If you are never going which he can lose that citizenship. One, quently has been stated by the chair- to allow it to happen and no President for instance, he could be found guilty man of the Committee on Resources, would sign it, then let us not make it of treason, but it has to be some ex- he has basically paraphrased that there statutory. treme circumstance by which he would are nationals, that there is a national- Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I yield lose that citizenship. ity, that Puerto Rico is a nation and 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from the But I have no doubt that this Con- that the people born in that nation Virgin Islands (Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN), gress can pass a law to take away from should determine the future of that na- a person who well understands what me my citizenship and the citizenship tion. the discussion is about. of the gentleman from Puerto Rico I think if for no other reason, this Ms. CHRISTIAN-GREEN. I thank the (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ), the gentle- has accomplished very, very much. Be- gentleman from New York for yielding woman from New York (Ms. cause when the Serrano amendment, me this time. Mr. Chairman, I am VELA´ ZQUEZ), and the people who live on which I hope is adopted later on, and I pleased to rise today in support of the the island of Puerto Rico. Would they H816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 do it? Probably not. Would a court up- In addition, the gentleman may be meaning of the vote, we would deal hold it? Possibly not. Can they do it? surprised to know there were constitu- with the issue of voter eligibility. Mr. Absolutely. One thing is clear, this ents of yours who did set perhaps a SERRANO has offered an amendment Congress has the right on this kind of precedent you do not want by voting in which deals with this issue in a citizenship to pass a law here saying Polish elections. There is a bill in the thoughtful and meaningful way. The that beginning next Monday, every per- Dominican Republic to allow Ameri- gentleman wants all Puerto Ricans to son born in Puerto Rico is no longer a cans of Dominican descent to vote in be allowed participation. The people citizen, an American citizen. those elections; Colombians; Peru- who became citizens by virtue of con- The outcome of this plebiscite does vians. This is happening in other gressional action are the people whose affect people like myself who were born places. lives and political futures are at stake. on the island. I understand the concern I am not proposing that. I am propos- Those people must be the ones to make of the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. ing a one-time vote on this very unique the choice about their homeland, about GUTIERREZ) and the gentlewoman from situation about a status question. their future. It is their future which is New York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ). I would Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to at stake. Anything less would make a have wanted to include in this amend- the gentleman from Guam (Mr. UNDER- mockery of the process and com- ment all Puerto Ricans regardless of WOOD), who understands what I am promise the meaning of self-determina- where they were born, but I am also a going through here today. tion. practical person who understands that Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. Chairman, I must reiterate it is better to accomplish this tremen- want to reiterate for those of us who again, a self-determination election is dous victory that the gentleman from are statutory citizens, i.e., citizens by very different from any other kind. Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) has accepted than virtue of congressional action, we rep- Mr. SOLOMON. I yield 1 minute to to go with something I could not get resent a unique category of human the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. and would not be able to gather any beings that are under the American GUTIERREZ). support. body politic, proud Americans, but rec- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, this Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance ognizing that we have a unique status. is academic debate we are having here. of my time. That is why this amendment is nec- We are asked to believe the following: Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield essary, because it speaks to the issue That Mr. SERRANO, who was born in myself such time as I may consume, not just of political self-determination, Puerto Rico, who came to the United just to talk about the precedent that but ultimately to the issue of who has States of America, who was allowed we might be setting here. I worry that right to self-determination. into the halls of this Congress with full somewhat with the changeover that This is not the same kind of election voting privileges, that his citizenship has happened in the United States that one has when one votes for elected can be revoked; that there is a court in House of Representatives, where two- officials. We have fought long and hard this Nation, a Congress, a President thirds of the Members are new in the in this country to make sure that that and a court in this Nation, that will af- last 4 years. But some of us have to kind of voting is extended to all those firm that. look back institutionally and look at people who are represented by elected We know that that is just never going to happen. Let us face it. Raise situations like this. officials. But this is an issue of politi- your hand anyone who believes that b 1745 cal self-determination. will ever, ever happen. It will not. I know of no other precedent that we When you are born in Wisconsin or born in Idaho, you cannot get up in the Think about it. You have tens of thou- have ever set where we allowed voters sands of men and women who served in morning and decide that Idaho or Wyo- in one part of the United States to cast the Armed Forces with honorable dis- ming should have one day an election votes in other parts. I have a situation charges. What court in this Nation which gives them the full range of representing the Adirondack Moun- would take away their citizenship? choices about whether they should be tains and the Catskill Mountains in They paid taxes, they were born, their independent or have a special relation- New York State, and we have a lot of birth certificates. Think about it. It is ship with the United States. They are a people who live in Connecticut, live in not going to happen. New Jersey, live in Westchester County State. They are full and equal partners So let us not play the game of fear or live in New York City, and they can- in the American body politic. The Civil with the people of Puerto Rico and in- not come up, although they used to do War has settled that issue once and for ject fear. That is what is wrong with it, but it was illegal, they cannot come all. this bill, that we put them into fear. It up to the Adirondacks and cast votes But what do we have here? We have is never going to happen, and we all up there. This is a similar situation. here a unique group of individuals, of know it. Now, those people, if they live in people who have been subsumed into Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I yield Connecticut and they want representa- the American flag through conquest, myself such time as I may consume. tion up there, one of the two spouses and by virtue of that they have always Mr. Chairman, we have debated the will change their registration and vote been extended citizenship through con- amendment. I understand we are going in my congressional district up in the gressional action. It is their status to go on to the amendment process mountains. This seems to me a similar that is at stake. It is their individual now. The gentleman from Puerto Rico situation, because really we are letting status that is at stake. That is why it (Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ ) has an amend- some U.S. citizens cast votes twice makes perfectly good sense that when ment, I believe, and I believe the gen- that really affect the entire United we deal with the issue of self-deter- tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) States of America. mination, we must deal with the issue does as well. I just think we have to be very care- of who has a right to self-determina- Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- ful about the precedent we are setting tion. ance of my time so we can move on to here. It is because of that I will prob- Any piece of legislation which deals the amendment process. ably oppose the amendment. with the self-determination of Puerto Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance Rico, or even in the case of my own myself such time as I may consume. of my time. home island of Guam, must always deal Mr. Chairman, let me close by saying Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I yield in a serious and thoughtful way with that I do not function out of fear, in myself 30 seconds. who actually has this right to self-de- terms of putting fear on anyone else. I Mr. Chairman, I would just clarify termination. Whomever was colonized function out of fact. what my colleague, the gentleman should be the participants in The fact of life is that we would not from New York (Mr. SOLOMON), said. decolonization. In the case of Puerto be here dealing with this very good bill This is a different kind of vote. I would Rico, it is Puerto Ricans. In legal unless we understood that there is a not propose on this floor to vote for terms, it must be the people whose citi- unique relationship between Puerto Governor of Puerto Rico or mayor of zenship is in control of Congress. Rico and the United States. If every- Mayaguez, my hometown. This is a spe- If we value Puerto Rican self-deter- thing was fine and dandy, we would not cial and unique vote. mination, and if we really value the be here passing this bill. March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H817

Mr. Chairman, I do not try to bring New York (Mr. SERRANO) finishes with amendment, after which it will be in fear into people, but I know what this his amendment? order for the gentleman from Illinois country is capable of doing. We are a The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman (Mr. GUTIERREZ) to proceed for 5 min- great Nation, but at times we are gov- from Illinois may offer his amendment utes on the substitute. erned in a behavior that may make at any time during the pendency of the There was no objection. changes. amendment offered by the gentleman b 1800 I do not want to run the risk of find- from New York (Mr. SERRANO). ing out what kind of citizenship I have. Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I want I think I already know. Is that good? Is there is not a limit of time anymore to reiterate the fact that when the gen- that bad? How do I live with it? I dealt for amendments? tleman from Alaska (Chairman YOUNG) with it. I worked my way up the sys- The CHAIRMAN. The amendment of- accepted my amendment, and as we tem and became a member of the U.S. fered pursuant to the rule by the gen- heard, he spoke in favor of that amend- Congress. Sometimes I try to do a pret- tleman from New York (Mr. SERRANO) ment, he did it with the full under- ty good job at it. will be pending for no longer than one standing that what he was accepting Mr. Chairman, I think it is important hour. At any point during that pend- was an amendment that he could not to note that this amendment today ency, the gentleman from Illinois may only explain but that both of us could speaks to the fact that so many of us offer his substitute. actually argue in favor of, without who left the island did so as a result of Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, fur- anyone being able to raise any ques- a relationship between the U.S. and ther parliamentary inquiry. I had tions about it. Puerto Rico, a relationship that start- asked earlier of the Chairman if I Both the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. ed off with a military invasion and would be guaranteed an opportunity to YOUNG) and I have had concerns way which, at this date, has not ended with offer my amendment, and the Chair- before this about who constituted and anything which brings either independ- man said yes. I hope that that will still what constituted the body of Puerto ence or statehood. stand. Ricans that should vote. Puerto Rico remains in limbo, and, The CHAIRMAN. Is the gentleman I repeat once more, I personally as Puerto Rico remains in limbo and from Illinois offering his amendment would have wanted to include everyone we try to solve that situation by bring- at this time? that the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. ing forth this bill, then I continue to Mr. GUTIERREZ. I do not think I GUTIERREZ) would like to include. But put before you that this vote belongs can proceed. The gentleman is amend- the fact of life is that that amendment, to all of the children of that colony, all ing his amendment, am I correct? bringing it to that point, would have of the children of that territory. Yes, I Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, if the had very little support not only in am affected by the results of that vote. gentleman will yield, if I may, I would committee, in negotiations, but on the Mr. Chairman, I would hope that ev- like to clarify this unique rule, where House floor. I feel that my amendment eryone takes the lead of the gentleman we debated my amendment before I of- accomplishes 95 percent of the mission from Alaska (Chairman YOUNG), and ficially presented it. Is that correct? that we set out years ago to accom- accepts this amendment without a The CHAIRMAN. The last period of plish, which was to enlarge the vote vote. debate was general debate on the sub- and bring in more Puerto Ricans into Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- ject matter of the amendment of the this decision-making process. ance of my time. gentleman from New York (Mr. I understand clearly my colleague, The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to section SERRANO). Now the gentleman has of- my brother, the gentleman from Chi- 2(b) of House Resolution 376, it is now fered his amendment, and it is in order cago, my fellow Puerto Rican brother in order to consider amendment 2 for a substitute amendment to be of- from Chicago’s desire to include more printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. fered for the gentleman’s amendment. people. I had to explain to my son why AMENDMENT NO. 2 OFFERED BY MR. SERRANO AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ AS A my amendment did not include him. Mr. SERRANO. Mr. Chairman, I offer SUBSTITUTE FOR THE AMENDMENT OFFERED But I feel confident that I can explain Amendment No. 2. BY MR. SERRANO. it, as I have here today, and I feel con- The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I fident that if we move forward with the ignate the amendment. offer an amendment as a substitute for amendment as is, that we will in fact The text of the amendment is as fol- the amendment. allow for a large body of people who lows: The Clerk read as follows: would be affected directly to partici- Amendment No. 2 Offered by Mr. SERRANO: Amendment offered by Mr. GUTIERREZ as a pate. In section 5(a), add at the end the following substitute for the amendment offered by Mr. What we need to do here today is to paragraph: SERRANO: do whatever we have to do, but not put (3) UNITED STATES CITIZENS BORN IN PUERTO In section 5(a), add at the end the following into jeopardy the underlying amend- RICO ELIGIBLE TO VOTE.—Notwithstanding new paragraph: ment which is accepted by Chairman paragraphs (1) and (2), an individual residing (3) ELIGIBILITY TO VOTE.—Notwithstanding YOUNG. In other words, in proposing outside of Puerto Rico shall be eligible to paragraphs (1) and (2), an individual residing any other amendment to my amend- vote in the referenda held under this Act if outside of Puerto rico shall be eligible to that individual— vote in the referenda held under this Act if ment, please keep in mind that we (A) is a United States citizen because of that individual— could throw out everything that we that individual’s birth in Puerto Rico; and (A) is a United States citizen because of have gained up to this moment. (B) would be eligible to vote in such that individual’s birth in Puerto Rico, or So I respect the amendment before us referenda but for that individual’s residency satisfies requirements that shall be pre- now, but I would hope that in no way outside of Puerto Rico. scribed by the Electoral Commission of this amendment takes away the impor- The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the Puerto Rico (which shall include methods, tance of the underlying amendment, rule, consideration of this amendment provisions to include Puerto Ricans who and I would hope that the gentleman and any amendments thereto shall not have at least one parent who was born in Puerto Rico) for registering and voting in from Chicago would actually consider exceed 1 hour. absentia in referenda held under this Act; retiring his amendment in favor of the The Chair recognizes the gentleman and one we have worked on for so long. from New York (Mr. SERRANO) for 5 (B) would be eligible to vote in such The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman minutes in support of his amendment. referenda but for that individual’s residency from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) is recog- PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY outside of Puerto Rico. nized for 5 minutes on his substitute Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I The CHAIRMAN. Without objection amendment. have a parliamentary inquiry. the substitute was entertained prior to Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will the 5 minute speech on the underlying first let me say to my good and distin- state it. amendment by the gentleman from guished friend, the gentleman from Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, will New York (Mr. SERRANO). The gen- New York, that I would not offer this I still be able to offer my substitute tleman from New York is now recog- amendment if I thought it was frivo- amendment after the gentleman from nized for 5 minutes on the underlying lous, if I thought it was silly, if I H818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 thought it was somehow just some- (Mr. JOSE SERRANO), if he has a broth- he got a good job in Pennsylvania so he thing that I woke up in the morning er, because his parents moved to the moved to Pennsylvania. and thought it was the right thing to United States of America from the na- Now he is living in Pennsylvania, and do. No, I say to the gentleman from tion of Puerto Rico, his brother’s birth he is planning in 20 years, he is going New York, I think this amendment is certificate says the same mom, same to go back to Puerto Rico, but he has very appropriate. dad, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, just as not demonstrated it, he is just think- But I want to thank the gentleman. his, except, of course, his would have ing about it. He cannot vote, because He has been here for a long time. I been in the Bronx, maybe his brother, he was born in New York, not in Puerto went to a hearing back in New York and his would have been in Puerto Rico. Yet, he has much more relation- when the gentleman first got elected to Rico. So you would have two brothers ship with Puerto Rico, much more Congress, and I traveled from Chicago who have an exact same claim, and emotional attachments with Puerto to New York City, and I remember the using your very expressions, that they Rico than the one that was born there gentleman was chairing that meeting. came here because of political persecu- and obviously now lives in Wisconsin The interesting thing about that meet- tion, the one brother who came here and is not even concerned about Puerto ing that the gentleman from New York because of political persecution and Rico. Yet the other one can vote. So (Mr. SERRANO) was chairing was that it may have returned and be living in that could bring constitutional chal- was bilingual, it was both in English Puerto Rico today, something that the lenges to this vote. and Spanish, something unfortunately gentleman from New York (Mr. The way that the gentleman from Il- that these proceedings are not, because SERRANO) has decided not to do, he linois is proposing, then that multi- he wished at that time for everybody may be living there today, right? We plies, that kind of situation, with the to understand, because I know that the cannot figure this out. parents and the children and the grand- gentleman understood that Puerto So I am simply saying, let the fam- children. If you have the children of Ricans spoke Spanish and that was ily, and I know that the gentleman those who were born in Puerto Rico, their language. from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) said that then you get somebody who was born So we do not do that for that pur- every cousin, uncle, but no, that is not in Puerto Rico and moved to the pose. I will say one thing, we will ask what I am saying. In my family, I mar- United States and he is living some- for a vote on this, but we will ask for ried Soraida and she has 14 brothers where else, in Wisconsin, Wyoming, in a voice vote on this amendment. We and sisters. Nine of them were born on Iowa, and his sons were born over there will ask—I told the gentleman from the island of Puerto Rico. Because of and they were raised over there, they New York when we were in the back economic and social conditions, the have never been in Puerto Rico, and that I would do that, that I would ask nine of them moved with mom and dad they can vote in Puerto Rico because for a voice vote, so we can debate it. to Chicago. The other five subse- one of their parents was born in Puerto Now, having said that, and I hope any quently were born. Their birth certifi- Rico? This is just carrying the thing to trepidation that the fine gentleman cates are identical. They are Puerto an absurdity. from New York might have that we Rican nationals, both born in Puerto These people who have no attach- could somehow stir this away, because Rico. The only difference is five birth ments to Puerto Rico, either emotion- the gentleman feels he has it, and I certificates say Cook County. So we ally or otherwise, would be allowed to hope that at least, I really, sincerely can prove it. vote and change the results of the vote hope that we get at least what the gen- It is not like I am saying anybody. In to be held in Puerto Rico. That is why tleman wants. Let me now refer back. order to vote, you have to have a birth I think we have to oppose this. It Mr. Chairman, I think it is interest- certificate, and where it says ‘‘Mom would set a tremendous precedent. ing. The gentleman from Alaska (Mr. born in Puerto Rico, dad born in Puer- They say, well, this is not an elec- YOUNG) said something that was really to Rico,’’ you get to vote; not the chil- tion. Right, this is not an election to interesting. He said that when it came dren, not like my daughter and the elect a Governor or to elect a can- to Puerto Rico, they were born there. I children of other generations. Just so didate, candidates to come to the do not remember that in Alaska we that those generations, that immediate House or the Senate. No. But then this looked for former Alaskans that got to generation that has such close ties can is a referendum. Now, if that precedent vote whether Alaska should become a vote. Let me just tell the Members was established, it would mean that in State. I do not remember that we why. Many Puerto Ricans move back Texas or in Maine or in Illinois or in looked for everybody born in Hawaii in to the island of Puerto Rico. California, if there is a referendum and order for Hawaiians to make a decision Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- there is an amendment to the Constitu- whether we should become a State, or man, I move to strike the last word. tion, and those that were born in that that we looked for former people that Mr. Chairman, this amendment to State are living somewhere else, then may have even fought at the Alamo be- the amendment makes the amendment they should also be allowed to vote in fore we said that those are all the peo- even less acceptable. Let us think that referendum. That might change ple from Texas, before they become a about what would happen. A person the situation in their State where they State. born in Puerto Rico, but his parents are from, where they have family. But we are doing it, and rightfully were there because they were on a con- We have established rules of law. so, for the people of Puerto Rico, be- tract working for 5 years from the Only those that are U.S. citizens and cause it is a Nation and it is different. State of Wisconsin, and they have two who have residence in the place where That is why, I say to the gentleman children born in Puerto Rico during they are, they are allowed to vote. from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), by his very those 5 years, then they move back to Those Puerto Ricans who cannot vote words, I continue to tell him, he can- Wisconsin. They never go back to Puer- in Puerto Rico in national elections not treat this merely as a territory, as to Rico. The children never go to Puer- when they move to a State, then they another group of people, some chattel to Rico. They never learn Spanish. acquired residency in the State and that happened to have come to the They would be qualified to vote under then they can vote in the national elec- United States because of a victory dur- the amendment offered by the gen- tions for the President, they can vote ing the Spanish-American war. It is a tleman from New York (Mr. SERRANO). for Congressmen, they can vote for a people, it is a Nation, and we should be However, somebody born in Puerto Senator, they can vote for Governor, careful and diligent in ensuring that as Rico, or somebody born in New York, they can vote for the State legislature, we proceed, we make sure that the de- and at an early age his parents got di- they can vote for mayors. They have a cisions that we make are going to be vorced and somehow he ended up back full vote. good for all of us. That is why I suggest in Puerto Rico living with his grand- We cannot vote in their States. We that we extend the amendment. parents, or aunt and uncle, and he grew cannot vote in anything that affects What does my amendment do? My up in Puerto Rico, and he got married them, and we have family and relatives amendment says the following. Let me in Puerto Rico, went to school in Puer- in the States. We cannot vote in their explain it as simply as I can say it. to Rico, got married in Puerto Rico, he States, even though we feel attach- See, the gentleman from New York had children in Puerto Rico, and then ments to something that may affect March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H819 them, but they can vote in Puerto ticipate in the final outcome of Puerto to the gentleman, applies to all of Rico. Rico. those Puerto Ricans, and that we That is a very, very, very bad prece- b 1815 should not use any tactics in order to dent. As I said, I hate to oppose the do that. proposal offered by the gentleman from This is a legislation that has been With that, Mr. Chairman, I would New York (Mr. SERRANO), because he drafted so that we push one side of the like to ask that if there is no objection, has worked so strongly on this bill, political formulas in Puerto Rico. It is that we vote on my amendment to the like we all have, and he is a good a legislation that supports statehood Serrano amendment. friend, and I know he sincerely believes for Puerto Rico. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on in this. He is emotional about it. But Allow all Puerto Ricans to partici- the amendment offered by the gen- this is my conviction. I have worked, pate and to say ‘‘no’’ to statehood and tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) when I started in politics, I was work- ‘‘yes’’ to the democratic process. as a substitute for the amendment of- ing in my party within electoral af- Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I fered by the gentleman from New York fairs, and I know the impossibility of move to strike the requisite number of (Mr. SERRANO). putting this into effect. words. The amendment offered as a sub- Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, will stitute for the amendment was re- move to strike the requisite number of the gentleman yield? jected. words. Mr. SOLOMON. I yield to the gen- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Mr. Chairman, I would like to ac- tleman from Illinois. the amendment offered by the gen- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I knowledge the gentleman from New tleman from New York (Mr. SERRANO). York (Mr. SERRANO) for his leadership thank the gentleman from New York The question was taken; and the on this issue. This amendment, the (Mr. SOLOMON) very much for yielding Chairman announced that the ayes ap- Gutierrez amendment, builds on his ex- me this time. peared to have it. cellent work. The Gutierrez amend- Mr. Chairman, let us think about Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I de- ment to the amendment offered by the this a moment. We want all the people mand a recorded vote, and pending that gentleman from New York (Mr. to be able to participate in this process I make the point of order that a SERRANO) would allow all Puerto that can participate in this process. I quorum is not present. Ricans to participate in this historic think we all really want that. Think The CHAIRMAN. Evidently, a plebiscite. about it one moment. Someone is born quorum is not present. The problem that the gentleman on the island. They spend 30 years Pursuant to clause 2, rule XXIII, the from Puerto Rico has, it seems like he there. They move because of economic Chair announces that he will reduce to does not understand, this is about self- reasons. They do not get to vote. But if a minimum of 5 minutes the period of determination. This is not about a they show up on the island 3 months time within which a vote by electronic State election. We know that the peo- before the elections, register there and device, if ordered, will be taken on the ple from New York have to vote on any have no emotional tie until their next pending question following the quorum election in New York and that they promotion or their next job transfer, call. Members will record their pres- cannot vote on any election that takes they get to determine the future of ence by electronic device. place in Pennsylvania. that island. The call was taken by electronic de- But this is not about any State elec- Mr. Chairman, think about it. Think vice. tion, this is about the political future about it. Mr. Chairman, I say to the The following Members responded to of Puerto Rico. In fact, we Puerto gentleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. RO- their names: MERO-BARCELO´ ), the Resident Commis- Ricans, we are only 3 million Puerto [Roll No. 31] Ricans in the United States. For the sioner who is an ardent strong sup- ANSWERED ‘‘PRESENT’’—405 most part Puerto Ricans have not par- porter of statehood, that I would think ticipated in the electoral process here he would wish to cherish the fact that Abercrombie Bunning Delahunt Ackerman Burr DeLauro in the United States. Because of the people born on the island of Puerto Aderholt Burton DeLay close ties that they still have with Rico who live in the United States of Allen Buyer Deutsch Puerto Rico, they follow more closely America, and who live statehood and Andrews Callahan Diaz-Balart who understand statehood, would be al- Armey Calvert Dickey the political situation in Puerto Rico Bachus Camp Dicks than they do in terms of what is going lowed to participate because he is such Baesler Campbell Dixon on in the United States. an ardent supporter of statehood. And Baker Canady Doggett So it is important that Puerto since they live in a State, it seems to Baldacci Cannon Doyle Ballenger Cardin Dreier Ricans in Puerto Rico participate and me they would be voting for statehood Barcia Carson Dunn the Puerto Ricans in the mainland and because that is what they want, be- Barr Castle Edwards their children participate. Some of cause they already live in a State and Barrett (NE) Chabot Ehlers they want everything that he already Barrett (WI) Chambliss Ehrlich them are here because they left the is- Bartlett Chenoweth Emerson land because of economic reasons. wants for the people of Puerto Rico. Barton Christensen Engel Some Puerto Ricans are here not be- Why deny those very Puerto Ricans Bass Clay English cause they wanted to be here, but be- born on that island the opportunity to Bateman Clayton Ensign Becerra Clement Eshoo cause of political persecution. If that is participate when they live in the Bentsen Clyburn Etheridge the case, they are entitled to have a United States already in a State and Bereuter Coble Evans say in this self-determination process. understand this better? Let us bring Berman Coburn Everett It will be unfair to deny it, to the en- the community together. Let us bring Berry Collins Ewing Bilbray Combest Farr tire Puerto Rican community, to par- us all together, because I think that Bilirakis Condit Fattah ticipate in this process. We are a na- that is what is really vitally impor- Bishop Conyers Fawell tion. The United States recognizes that tant. Blagojevich Cook Fazio Bliley Cooksey Filner Puerto Rico is a nation, that what hap- Mr. Chairman, I stand here today to Blumenauer Costello Foley pens there affects us, and this is an im- speak for the 100,000-plus Puerto Blunt Cox Forbes portant process for all the Puerto Ricans that live in my district in Chi- Boehlert Coyne Ford Ricans here and in Puerto Rico. cago who really want to participate in Boehner Cramer Fossella Bonior Crane Fowler I would say, I would urge my col- this process. Borski Crapo Fox leagues to allow this to be a fair proc- Let me end by saying that I think Boswell Cummings Franks (NJ) ess for all Puerto Rican Americans liv- the work that the gentleman from New Boucher Cunningham Frelinghuysen Boyd Danner Frost ing in Puerto Rico and in the main- York (Mr. SERRANO) has done has Brady Davis (FL) Furse land. They should have a right to de- raised a lot of other issues. We will dis- Brown (CA) Davis (IL) Gallegly termine the political future of Puerto agree, however, and I must state this, Brown (FL) Davis (VA) Ganske Rico. At least let us make this legisla- that it is not statutory. That the 14th Brown (OH) Deal Gejdenson Bryant DeGette Gephardt tion better by allowing them to par- Amendment of our Constitution applies H820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Gibbons Manton Roukema a quorum is present, and the commit- Kim Neumann Sisisky Gilchrest Manzullo Roybal-Allard Kind (WI) Ney Skaggs Gillmor Markey Royce tee will resume its business. King (NY) Northup Skeen Gilman Martinez Rush RECORDED VOTE Kingston Norwood Skelton Goode Mascara Ryun The pending business is the demand Kleczka Nussle Slaughter Goodlatte Matsui Sabo Klink Oberstar Smith (MI) Goodling McCarthy (MO) Salmon of the gentleman from New York (Mr. Klug Ortiz Smith (NJ) Gordon McCarthy (NY) Sanchez SOLOMON) for a recorded vote. Knollenberg Oxley Smith (OR) Goss McCollum Sanders A recorded vote was ordered. Kolbe Packard Smith (TX) Graham McCrery Sandlin Kucinich Pappas Smith, Adam Granger McDade Sanford The CHAIRMAN. This will be a 5- LaFalce Parker Smith, Linda Green McDermott Sawyer minute vote. LaHood Pascrell Snowbarger Greenwood McGovern Saxton The vote was taken by electronic de- Lampson Paul Snyder Gutierrez McHale Scarborough Lantos Paxon Solomon Gutknecht McHugh Schaffer, Bob vice, and there were—ayes 57, noes 356, Largent Pease Souder Hall (OH) McInnis Scott not voting 17, as follows: Latham Pelosi Spence Sensenbrenner Lazio Peterson (MN) Spratt Hall (TX) McIntosh [Roll No. 32] Hamilton McIntyre Serrano Leach Petri Stabenow Hansen McKeon Sessions AYES—57 Levin Pickering Stark Shadegg Lewis (CA) Pickett Stearns Hastert McKinney Ackerman Jefferson Owens Shaw Lewis (KY) Pitts Stenholm Hastings (FL) McNulty Blagojevich Johnson (CT) Pallone Shays Linder Pombo Stokes Hastings (WA) Meehan Bonior Johnson, E. B. Pastor Sherman Lipinski Pomeroy Strickland Hayworth Meek (FL) Brown (CA) Kennedy (MA) Payne Shuster Livingston Porter Stump Hefley Meeks (NY) Carson Kennelly Rangel Sisisky LoBiondo Price (NC) Stupak Hefner Menendez Cox Lewis (GA) Rohrabacher Skaggs Lofgren Pryce (OH) Sununu Herger Metcalf Davis (IL) Maloney (CT) Ros-Lehtinen Skeen Lowey Quinn Talent Hill Mica Delahunt Markey Rush Skelton Lucas Radanovich Tanner Hilleary Millender- DeLauro McGovern Sanders Slaughter Maloney (NY) Rahall Tauscher Hilliard McDonald Diaz-Balart McKinney Serrano Smith (MI) Manton Ramstad Tauzin Hinchey Miller (CA) Engel McNulty Shays Smith (NJ) Manzullo Redmond Taylor (MS) Hobson Miller (FL) Furse Meehan Tierney Smith (OR) Martinez Regula Taylor (NC) Hoekstra Minge Gejdenson Meeks (NY) Towns Smith (TX) Mascara Reyes Thomas Holden Mink Gilman Menendez Velazquez Smith, Adam Matsui Riggs Thompson Hooley Moakley Gutierrez Miller (CA) Waters Smith, Linda McCarthy (MO) Riley Thornberry Horn Mollohan Hinchey Moakley Weller Snowbarger McCarthy (NY) Rivers Thune Hostettler Moran (KS) Hoyer Nadler Wynn Snyder McCollum Rodriguez Thurman Houghton Moran (VA) Jackson (IL) Neal Young (AK) Solomon McCrery Roemer Tiahrt Hoyer Morella Jackson-Lee Obey Souder McDade Rogan Traficant Hulshof Murtha (TX) Olver Hunter Myrick Spence McDermott Rogers Turner Hutchinson Nadler Spratt NOES—356 McHale Rothman Upton Hyde Neal Stabenow McHugh Roukema Vento Abercrombie Clayton Frank (MA) Inglis Nethercutt Stark McInnis Roybal-Allard Visclosky Aderholt Clement Frelinghuysen Istook Neumann Stearns McIntosh Royce Walsh Allen Clyburn Frost Jackson (IL) Ney Stenholm McIntyre Ryun Wamp Andrews Coble Gallegly Jackson-Lee Northup Stokes McKeon Sabo Watkins Archer Coburn Ganske (TX) Norwood Strickland Meek (FL) Salmon Watt (NC) Armey Collins Gephardt Jefferson Nussle Stump Metcalf Sanchez Watts (OK) Bachus Combest Gibbons Jenkins Oberstar Stupak Mica Sandlin Waxman Baesler Condit Gilchrest John Obey Sununu Millender- Sanford Weldon (FL) Baker Conyers Gillmor Johnson (CT) Olver Talent McDonald Sawyer Weldon (PA) Baldacci Cook Goode Johnson, E.B. Ortiz Tanner Miller (FL) Saxton Wexler Ballenger Cooksey Goodlatte Johnson, Sam Owens Tauscher Minge Scarborough Weygand Barcia Costello Goodling Jones Oxley Tauzin Mink Schaffer, Bob White Barr Coyne Gordon Kanjorski Packard Taylor (MS) Mollohan Scott Whitfield Barrett (NE) Cramer Goss Kaptur Pallone Taylor (NC) Moran (KS) Sensenbrenner Wicker Barrett (WI) Crane Graham Kasich Pappas Thomas Moran (VA) Sessions Wise Bartlett Crapo Granger Kelly Parker Thompson Morella Shadegg Wolf Barton Cubin Green Kennedy (MA) Pascrell Thornberry Murtha Shaw Woolsey Bass Cummings Greenwood Kennedy (RI) Pastor Thune Myrick Sherman Yates Bateman Cunningham Gutknecht Kennelly Paul Thurman Nethercutt Shuster Young (FL) Becerra Danner Hall (OH) Kildee Paxon Tiahrt Bentsen Davis (FL) Hall (TX) NOT VOTING—17 Kim Payne Tierney Bereuter Davis (VA) Hamilton Kind (WI) Pease Towns Dingell Kilpatrick Schaefer, Dan Berman Deal Hansen King (NY) Pelosi Traficant Doolittle LaTourette Schiff Berry DeFazio Hastert Kingston Peterson (MN) Turner Franks (NJ) Luther Schumer Bilbray DeGette Hastings (FL) Kleczka Petri Upton Gekas Peterson (PA) Shimkus Bilirakis DeLay Hastings (WA) Klink Pickering Velazquez Gonzalez Portman Torres Bishop Deutsch Hayworth Klug Pickett Vento Harman Poshard Bliley Dickey Hefley Knollenberg Pitts Visclosky Blumenauer Dicks Hefner b Kolbe Pombo Walsh 1848 Blunt Dixon Herger Kucinich Pomeroy Wamp Boehlert Doggett Hill Mr. SNYDER changed his vote from LaFalce Porter Waters Boehner Dooley Hilleary LaHood Portman Watkins ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ Bonilla Doyle Hilliard Lampson Price (NC) Watt (NC) Mr. COX of California changed his Borski Dreier Hinojosa Lantos Pryce (OH) Watts (OK) Boswell Duncan Hobson vote from ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ Largent Quinn Waxman Boucher Dunn Hoekstra So the amendment was rejected. Latham Radanovich Weldon (FL) Boyd Edwards Holden Lazio Rahall Weldon (PA) The result of the vote was announced Brady Ehlers Hooley Leach Ramstad Weller as above recorded. Brown (FL) Ehrlich Horn Levin Rangel Wexler Brown (OH) Emerson Hostettler PERSONAL EXPLANATION Lewis (CA) Redmond Weygand Bryant English Houghton Lewis (GA) Regula White Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. Chairman, I was unfor- Bunning Ensign Hulshof Lewis (KY) Reyes Whitfield Burr Eshoo Hunter tunately absent for rollcall votes 28 through Linder Riley Wicker Burton Etheridge Hutchinson 32. Had I been present, I would have voted Lipinski Rivers Wise Buyer Evans Hyde Livingston Rodriguez Wolf yes on rollcall votes 29 (Burton) and 32 Callahan Everett Inglis LoBiondo Roemer Woolsey (Serrano), no on rollcall votes 28 (Gutierrez) Calvert Ewing Istook Lofgren Rogan Wynn Camp Farr Jenkins and 30 (Solomon), and present on rollcall vote Lowey Rogers Yates Campbell Fattah John Lucas Rohrabacher Young (AK) 31, a quorum call. Canady Fawell Johnson (WI) Maloney (CT) Ros-Lehtinen Young (FL) In particular, I am disappointed that the Cannon Fazio Johnson, Sam Maloney (NY) Rothman Cardin Filner Jones House has silenced the voice of Puerto Castle Foley Kanjorski Ricans living on the mainland by denying them b 1837 Chabot Forbes Kaptur a vote in this historic referendum. Chambliss Ford Kasich If you have ever been to New York City's Chenoweth Fossella Kelly The CHAIRMAN. Four hundred five Christensen Fowler Kennedy (RI) Puerto Rican Day Parade, you have seen first- Members have answered to their name, Clay Fox Kildee hand the pride that Puerto Ricans living on the March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H821 mainland have in their rich heritage. Their MOAKLEY) that we would offer no more a contradiction. That is the contradic- links to the islandÐtheir economic, cultural, than 12, we will offer no more than 5 tion we get with colonialism. It is not political, and family connectionsÐmake them additional amendments. their contradiction. It is a contradic- intensely interested in Puerto Rico's political Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- tion that we have. But everyone should identity. man, I thank the gentleman, and I understand that. The referendum established by H.R. 856 is thank the chairman of the Committee They love their American citizen- no typical election. It is the most momentous on Rules. ship. But yet if you ask them, where decision the people of Puerto Rico have ever There will be an amendment offered are you from, they say Puerto Rico, made. We should have ensured that all Puerto by the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. not in the same sense that maybe the Ricans were able to participate in their peo- BARR). I understand that will be de- Chairman, when you say where are you ple's choice. bated. But I would suggest that every- from, and he would say from Florida, For that reason, I filed an amendment to ex- body will have at least an hour if they or I might say from someplace, or the pand voting eligibility to all Puerto Ricans liv- wish to go to dinner or go to the office gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- ing on the mainlandÐboth those who were to do some work, and then after 8 MON) might say from New York, from born on the island and those who have at o’clock all holds are barred and we the Empire State of New York. least one parent who was born here. This hope to bring this to finalization by 9 No, I suggest to all of my colleagues, amendment was very similar to one offered by o’clock. if they go to a Puerto Rican Day cele- my colleagues Mr. GUTIERREZ and Ms. AMENDMENT NO. 36 OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ bration anywhere in the United States VELAÂZQUEZ, which was unfortunately defeated Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I of the America, in the United States of on a voice vote. offer an amendment numbered 36. America, you have what you have, and Even with this serious flaw, Mr. Chairman, I The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- it is the reality. If we walk up to those still believe it is important for Congress to ignate the amendment. people and they are celebrating their allow the people of Puerto Rico to determine The text of the amendment is as fol- nationality, and you say what are you, lows: their own future. For that reason, even though they say I am Puerto Rican. What are the bill has its shortcomings, I want to give the Amendment number 36 offered by Mr. you? They say, I am Puerto Rican. Gutierrez: At the end of section 2, add the people of Puerto Rico this historic opportunity following paragraph: That is the way they feel. to determine their own destiny, and am voting (16) By providing for the people of Puerto Then if you ask them, what are you in favor of H.R. 856. Rico to express their preference as to its per- a citizen of? They say the United Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- manent political status, Congress is aware States of America. That is the distinct man, I move to strike the last word. that Puerto Rico is sociologically and cul- difference that we must understand. Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Chairman, will turally a Caribbean and Latin-American na- That is why I must offer this amend- the gentleman yield? tion, formed by a blend of European, African, ment so that people understand it is Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. I yield to the and native ethnics with distinctive culture not another territory. It is not another which, unlike the several States, has Span- gentleman from Kentucky. ish as a common language. According to the group of people. It is not. It is very dif- (Mr. Bunning asked and was given 1990 decennial census of population, only ferent and distinct. permission to revise and extend his re- 21,000 persons born in the several States live I think we should remind ourselves of marks.) in Puerto Rico. that as we proceed with these delibera- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, tions. The people of Puerto Rico have thank the gentleman for yielding to first, before I begin, and I do not know an ethnicity, have a language, have a me, and I rise in opposition to H.R. 856. if we can do something, but I figure culture. Excuse me, strike the word Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- with the will and the ability and the ethnicity, have an idiosyncracy of man, I do not want the full 5 minutes, knowledge that the gentleman of New their own. but I do want to suggest to the Mem- York (Mr. SOLOMON) has, and the gen- There are words in Spanish—(The bers on the floor that it is my inten- tleman of California (Mr. MILLER) has, gentleman from Illinois spoke in Span- tion to entertain the amendments that and the goodwill, that we can figure ish). I mean, if you are from Mexico or will be offered by the gentleman from some way, because they keep referring Colombia or from Cuba, they say you Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) and the gen- to all of these amendments as mine are from Puerto Rico—(The gentleman tlewoman from New York (Ms. when, indeed, Mr. Chairman, I just from Illinois spoke in Spanish). That is VELA´ ZQUEZ) and that we will roll the want to make it clear for the record the way it works, because those, in- votes until 9 o’clock. At that time, I that every last amendment is a Gutier- deed, are from here. hope the gentleman and the gentle- rez-Vela´ zquez amendment. We may wish, as my mother many woman, and whoever is offering amend- Apparently, we did not do the right times said—(The gentleman from Illi- ments, will have come to a fruition, fi- thing when we introduced them, but if nois spoke in Spanish), which means nalization, of these amendments so somehow along the way that could be you may wish to hide yourself from the that we can bring this legislation to clarified, I think that is very impor- skies with your hand, but you cannot. the end of the day very quickly. tant, because the gentlewoman from The fact is that Puerto Rico is a na- That is my intent, to have no more New York and I are working together tion, and we should recognize this here votes until, I believe, 9 o’clock. on each one of these amendments. in this bill. It is a nation of people who Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, will I rise to offer my amendment to sec- are citizens of the United States. the gentleman yield? tion 2 of the bill, the findings section. Remember something. President Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. I yield to the My amendment adds language to the Clinton said, oh, but in America, we gentleman from Illinois. bill to clarify that Puerto Rico is, in- have people from Poland, and they are Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I stead, a nation. Polish Americans. We have people from thank the gentleman from Alaska for I offer this amendment because I Ireland, and they are Irish Americans. yielding to me. I want to say two think it is very important that both We have people from Germany, and things on behalf of the gentlewoman the people of Puerto Rico and the peo- they are German American, and on, from New York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ) and ple of the United States understand and on, and on. He said, we all blend myself. clearly what the United States Con- here together in the United States of We do not intend to call for any re- gress is doing in relation to the people America. That is true. corded votes, at least on our amend- of Puerto Rico. The difference is, I would say to ments, any subsequent recorded votes The people of Puerto Rico consider President Clinton, there is a Germany, on our amendments. Just so that the themselves a nation. I think that a Poland, and an Ireland. When you gentleman will know, we will debate should be made abundantly clear to all make Puerto Rico a State, is there a them but not ask for recorded votes on the Members of this House. They con- Puerto Rico as a State or as a nation? them, A. sider themselves a nation, a separate Let us understand this is different. Although we promised the gentleman and distinct people. All of those people came here as immi- from New York (Mr. SOLOMON) and the They love their American citizen- grants to this country with the intent gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. ship. Some of my colleagues say that is of staying here forever. The people of H822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Puerto Rico want to have a special re- record straight. English was imposed percent or more of the job offers say bi- lationship with this Nation. Let us try upon the people of Puerto Rico in 1902 lingual, bilingual, bilingual. Everyone to see if we cannot do that and achieve and still to this day, even with that realizes that they have to speak that together. I end my comments with imposition, the large majority of the English. There is no resentment that. people of Puerto Rico do not speak against English. On the contrary. When they talk about this Nation, b 1900 English. Mr. Chairman, Puerto Ricans are there is no such thing as a nation in ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN very proud of their cultural heritage Puerto Rico. We are a community. We The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will re- and of their Puerto Rican national have no international standing. We are mind all Members that remarks in lan- identity. This pride for the homeland part of the United States. It was men- guages other than English cannot be transcends barriers and oceans. As tioned a little while ago, the Irish transcribed by the Official Reporters of Puerto Ricans leave the island, they Americans, the English Americans, the Debate and cannot be printed by the take with them the intense pride they Italian Americans, the French Ameri- Government Printing Office. Members feel for their nation. Puerto Rico, the cans, but the Puerto Ricans are Puerto may, however, submit translations of nation, shares common geographical Ricans. Do Texans call themselves their remarks in other languages and spaces, a long history, its own eco- Texan Americans or Californian Amer- such translations will appear in the nomic life and its very distinct Carib- icans or New Yorker Americans? No, RECORD in the distinctive type associ- bean, Latin American culture, but they are New Yorkers, Texans, Califor- ated with an extension or revision of above all a common language, Spanish. nians, and we are Puerto Ricans, be- remarks. Puerto Ricans have been speaking cause we are part of the Nation. Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I Spanish for 500 years, the first 100 Part of our culture is the American move to strike the last word. under Spanish rule and the last cen- democracy and the values for which it Mr. Chairman, Puerto Rico is a na- tury under American rule. Its closest stands. That is what the people of tion, a Latin American nation and a neighbors in the Caribbean all speak Puerto Rico and everyone has accepted Caribbean nation. It is a historically Spanish. here, they realize it, they want their constituted stable ethnic community Language, history and culture are U.S. citizenship, and they will not with a common culture, a common his- distinct characteristics that all point change their U.S. citizenship for any- tory, a common economic life, and its to Puerto Rico being a nation. This thing and they will not trade it, they own language, Spanish. But more im- amendment will make Congress appre- will not accept anything else. portantly, there is a common psychol- ciate and adopt that reality. I urge my Some of them might be misguided as ogy of a people who are unique in their colleagues to support the amendment. to what it means to be a U.S. citizen ´ customs, traditions, music and way of Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- and might not realize that they do not being. We call it Boricua. It is unfortu- man, I move to strike the requisite have all the privileges and all the nate that the sponsors of this bill have number of words. rights and all the responsibilities that ignored this fact. Mr. Chairman, I want to define the other citizens do. But one thing the Puerto Rico has been long recognized word ‘‘nation’’. It has several mean- people want to do, they want to be self- by the courts, Congress and inter- ings, but the meaning that is accepted supporting and we want to pay into the national countries as being a distinct throughout the world and the meaning fiscal system and share alike, like nation. Puerto Rico’s special status as we first find in the dictionary is a self- brothers and sisters, with the rest of a separate nation under the sov- containing body politic that has a rela- our citizens. ereignty of the United States derives tionship with other countries and other Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- from an extensive history of legal nations and has representation in man, I move to strike the requisite precedents. The Supreme Court recog- worldwide organizations. number of words, and I rise in opposi- Puerto Rico is not a nation. Puerto nized Puerto Rico as a distinct nation tion to the amendment. Rico is a community. That we are defi- Mr. Chairman, our two colleagues in when, in the early part of the century, nitely, a community, a community support of their amendment described, it decided that Puerto Rico was in fact that has its own characteristics like I think accurately, a history of Puerto an unincorporated territory which communities throughout the world and Rico but they did not accurately de- never intended to become a State. Con- communities throughout this Nation scribe the nation. It is that history, gress recognized Puerto Rico as a dis- have their characteristics. Our lan- that is the reason why we are here tinct Nation in 1917 when it extended guage is Spanish. But we also are able today, so that the people of Puerto U.S. citizenship to Puerto Rican na- to speak English. Rico can freely and openly choose the tionals. Everyone in Puerto Rico recognizes status which they desire. Because of This is a national issue which deals the importance of English. We not only that history, because of how this rela- with the rights of the Puerto Rican na- recognize it in Puerto Rico, I think the tionship has evolved, that is why we tion to self-determination. The island whole world recognizes it. A group of are here today, to pass this legislation existed as its own nation well before members of the Hispanic Caucus went and then the people in Puerto Rico can they were annexed in 1898 by the over to Spain recently, 5 of us, on a make the decision about their status. I United States. The people of Puerto trip, a good will trip. We had meetings oppose this amendment. Rico who are the subject of this pend- with the King and the President, the Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania. Mr. ing legislation already consider them- President of the Chamber of Deputies, Chairman, I move to strike the req- selves a nation and are in fact a nation the President of the Senate. One thing uisite number of words. who are not willing to renounce their we realized in Spain is that they study (Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania asked own culture, their own heritage and, English from the first grade on, and and was given permission to revise and most of all, their own language in they accept and they realize that extend his remarks.) order to join the Union. English is the lingua franca. Through- Mr. ENGLISH of Pennsylvania. Mr. Our amendment to the ‘‘findings’’ out the world, everyone is coming to Chairman, I rise in opposition to the section makes Congress aware that recognize that. amendment. I think it arises out of the Puerto Rico is sociologically and cul- At home, when I was governor, I vis- justified pride of the authors, but I do turally a Caribbean and Latin Amer- ited every single high school in Puerto not think we need to really define here ican nation. It is made up of people of Rico. When I asked them about the the nationhood of Puerto Rico. The European, African and native issues, the students that stood up, they real issue before us is Puerto Rican ethnicities with a distinct culture always infallibly, the students, the par- self-determination. I strongly support which, unlike several States, has Span- ents, the teachers said that they want- the underlying bill, H.R. 856, which ish as a common language. ed to have better opportunities to learn would allow us to move forward and I would like to correct the gentleman English. That was in every high school allow Puerto Rico to make a strong from Puerto Rico who said that we em- in Puerto Rico. and clear decision on its own destiny. braced the English language in 1902. If you pick up a newspaper in Puerto Since the founding of our Nation, the con- No, that was not so. Let us set the Rico, in the job offers on Sunday, 90 cept of self-determination has been a central March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H823 value of how we define ourselves as Ameri- residents of Puerto RicoÐhave second-class winner. The runoff would serve to coa- cans and what we expect of other nations. As status within our democracy. I call on my col- lesce the interests of the voters be- our Nation has grown, we have championed leagues to support H.R. 856, the United cause those who first voted for the these values abroad. Today, we ask the de- States-Puerto Rico Political Status Act, and to third option would then be forced to veloping democracies in Eastern Europe and respect the rights of the people of Puerto vote for the first or second options in the former Soviet Union to empower their citi- Rico. the runoff. This knowledge of Puerto zens. We demand similar rights for commu- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- Rico’s preference on the issues could nities like Taiwan and Tibet where the national man, I move to strike the requisite help us here in Congress tailor future right of self-determination has been chal- number of words. The hour is getting referenda to their preferences. lenged. We confront those nations like North late and it gets more difficult to par- I am introducing this amendment to Korea and Cuba that actively repress the nat- ticipate. H.R. 856 because I think it is important ural right of self-determination by their own I oppose this amendment, as Puerto to expedite the process. What the cur- citizens. Rico is not a nation. This bill will en- rent polls show is that 45 percent of the I believe that we must now extend this able Puerto Rico to become a nation as Puerto Rican voters support common- same principle to Puerto Rico, a territory of a separate sovereignty if a majority of wealth and only 35 percent support the United States since 1917 and a common- the U.S. citizens of Puerto Rico vote to statehood. Nevertheless, should Puerto wealth since 1952. As a commonwealth, the be independent. This provision is po- Rico choose commonwealth, H.R. 856 citizens of Puerto Rico exist in political twilight. tentially confusing and should not be mandates continued referenda until ei- They are not incorporated as a U.S. State and accepted, and I oppose the amendment. ther statehood or independence gains are not represented in Congress as such. But, The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the majority. they do not exist as a separate nation either. the amendment offered by the gen- Would it not be nice within 90 days The U.S. flag proudly flies over San Juan and tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). after the first referendum to have the its citizens have fought alongside of us in war. The amendment was rejected. top two voter preferences voted again Today, the U.S. House of Representatives AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. STEARNS and we decide immediately what the has an historic opportunity to express how Puerto Rican voters support? They much we appreciate the rich and positive con- Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Chairman, I offer would be subjected to the same thing tributions by the citizens of Puerto Rico. I sin- an amendment. we have here in Congress. When people cerely believe we are a better nation due to The Clerk read as follows: run for Congress during the primary, their presence. To show our gratitude and our Amendment offered by Mr. STEARNS: In the first two in the primary run for a respect, we must pass H.R. 856. The legisla- paragraph (2) of section 5(c)— final runoff before the general election. tion provides a non-biased, three-way ballot (1) strike ‘‘sovereignty or statehood, there is’’ and insert the following (and adjust the Why keep having the same vote over allowing the residents of Puerto Rico to margins accordingly): and over on such a protracted time choose between the current commonwealth sovereignty or statehood— frame? In the alternative, why not con- status which is not permanent or to move to- (A) there is sider the desires of the Puerto Ricans wards independence or statehood. It is impor- (2) strike the period at the end and insert tant to note that this bill does not create a self- when allowing them to hold future ‘‘; and’’; and votes and tailor future referenda to executing process towards statehood. I also (3) add at the end the following new sub- achieve a concrete result? want to emphasize that the U.S. Congress paragraph: would be the ultimate authority in deciding (B) not later than 90 days after such Mr. Chairman, my amendment seeks whether to ratify a possible choice of state- referenda, there shall be a second referen- to abbreviate the lengthy process out- hood by the citizens of Puerto Rico. dum held in accordance with this Act which lined in the bill and to clarify imme- I join House Resources Committee Chair- shall be on the approval of 1 of the 2 options diately, within 90 days, the desires of which received the most votes in the first man DON YOUNG and the bill's bipartisan list of the Puerto Rican people for future referendum. Such 2 options shall be pre- cosponsors in support of the referendum since referenda, both through a runoff ref- sented on the ballot using the same language erendum in 90 days. Supporting this it serves the national interest and begins the and in the same manner as they were pre- end to Puerto Rico's ambiguous territory sta- sented in the first referendum. amendment will produce an improved bill for Puerto Rico’s self-determina- tus. Historically, the United States has ad- Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Chairman, I vanced democratic self-determination proce- tion. I urge my colleagues to support wanted the amendment to be read be- my amendment. dures in its territories on terms acceptable to cause a lot of Members will not know the U.S. Congress. The referenda enabled the what it is about and I thought they b 1915. residents to achieve the equality of full citizen- could hear the amendment itself. Basi- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- ship, through either statehood or independ- cally, this is an amendment to provide man, I rise in opposition to the amend- ence. Since World War II, Congress has ful- for a runoff referendum if the first ref- ment. filled this responsibility with respect to the Phil- erendum required in the bill does not Mr. Chairman, I am a little confused, ippines, Hawaii and Alaska, but not with re- result in a 50 plus percent vote for because we have heard a lot of debate spect to Puerto RicoÐthe largest and most independence or statehood. My amend- today about the Congress forcing peo- populous U.S. territory. Much confusion and misinformation has ment is a simple method of improving ple to do things, and I am afraid that been deliberately raised by the bills opponents H.R. 856 to make the self-determina- what this will do is put the pressure on in hopes of dooming its passage. If you listen tion process more fair for the Puerto two groups to have the vote within 90 to the opponents of H.R. 856 and those who Rican people. days. To my knowledge, this never hap- oppose a fully self-governing Puerto Rico, they My amendment seeks to abbreviate pened in any other case in the United would have you believe that this bill is a vote this self-determination process by States if there was not a majority. In on statehood. Nothing could be further from holding a runoff referendum no more fact, there have been other areas that the truth. Chairman DON YOUNG, the primary than 90 days after the first referendum. did not have a majority, and they had author of the bill, went to great lengths to Because there would be only two to wait and wait and wait until they make any change in Puerto Rico's political choices at this point, voters could more did it again. I am a little confused why status gradual and subject to terms acceptable easily achieve a binding majority vote it is necessary to do this on this bill. to Congress. for statehood, commonwealth, or inde- It is very clear in my bill, it says you As the United States strives to uphold the pendence in my proposed runoff. Such a have to have a majority. The gen- responsibility of being a beacon of democracy, process would avoid the lengthy proc- tleman from Georgia (Mr. BARR) will we must undo the last vestiges of colonialism. ess we have in the bill. offer an amendment that I will not sup- After 100 years since Puerto Rico joined us in Let us review this again. First, port that wants a super majority. This association, the United States should let the should the runoff referendum result in says we are going to have a vote on the people of Puerto Rico exercise the liberty and a majority for one of the 3 processes, two top ones in 90 days. independence of decision that our flag rep- yet it did not have a full 51 percent, This adds confusion to the bill and is resents. then we would have another election, not necessary. I reluctantly oppose the The time to do the right thing is now. We 90 days later, and the top 2 would be amendment. I just heard about it, and cannot forget that 3.8 million citizensÐthe voted on to see which one would be the the gentleman talked to me a moment H824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 ago, and I do not really know what it is Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Chairman, I de- within a year from the date of the ex- going to try to accomplish, so I do op- mand a recorded vote. change of ratification of this treaty, a pose the amendment. The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House declaration of their decision to pre- Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- Resolution 376, further proceedings on serve such allegiance; in default of man, I move to strike the last word. the amendment offered by the gen- which declaration they shall be held to Mr. Chairman, I am not sure that tleman from Florida (Mr. STEARNS) have renounced it and adopted the na- this approach works. I think after will be postponed. tionality of the territory in which they looking at a number of different ap- Are there further amendments to the may reside,’’ Puerto Rico. proaches, the committee decided that bill? So when we talk about the issue of all three options ought to be on the AMENDMENT NO. 5 OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ nationality, it is right in the Treaty of ballot; that the people, given the polit- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I Paris. ical cultural history of people on the offer Amendment No. 5. ‘‘The civil rights and the political islands, they ought to be able to ex- The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- status of the native inhabitants of the press it along those lines. ignate the amendment. territories hereby ceded to the United I am sure there are many people that The text of the amendment is as fol- States shall be determined by the Con- might vote for independence, which lows. gress.’’ historically has been the third party Amendment No. 5 offered by Mr. GUTIER- Let me repeat that. ‘‘The civil rights out. The notion of a runoff to many of REZ: In section 2, in paragraph (2), strike and political status of the native in- these people, that is not an option to ‘‘Consistent with establishment of United habitants of the territory,’’ that is them. They would not go from inde- States nationality for inhabitants of Puerto Puerto Rico, ‘‘hereby ceded to the pendence to saying they are looking for Rico under the Treaty of Paris,’’. United States shall be determined by statehood. It does not work. Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, the the Congress.’’ This is a political process where peo- gentleman from Alaska (Mr. YOUNG) Mr. Chairman, I challenge any of my ple have very, very strong convictions. spoke earlier about the hour being late colleagues to prove me wrong and to We may want to transport the main- and how people do not listen and do not find another place in the text of the land system, where people kind of wan- pay attention, but I have got to tell Treaty of Paris in question the word der around between Republicans and you, we got to. This is a very impor- ‘‘nationality.’’ It is nowhere else to be Democrats and different options and do tant issue. found in the treaty. not seem to hold the same kind of con- Why do I want to strike these words? Now, let us go back to the treaty. ‘‘In victions. On this issue, people have I hope that the gentleman from Alaska default of which declaration they shall very strongly held positions, and the (Mr. YOUNG) and others would partici- be held to have renounced it and adopt- fact that you lose the runoff does not pate in this debate, because I think it ed the nationality of the territory in mean you then convert that position is important. which they may reside.’’ immediately to one of the other op- Mr. Chairman, I rise to present an ‘‘The nationality of the territory in tions, because that is not how your po- amendment and to move the first three which they may reside.’’ litical positions have evolved or have lines of the findings under the word What nationality? Of Puerto Rico. Now, Mr. Chairman, as I understand been articulated over the many years ‘‘Paris,’’ because that statement is it, treaties are in essence contracts be- of this relationship. false. tween two or several nations. Treaties Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Chairman, will I have there at my desk a complete tend to be specific and clear. The fail- the gentleman yield? copy and text of the Treaty of Paris Mr. MILLER of California. I yield to signed by both the United States of ure of a treaty between two or several the gentleman from Florida. America and Spain, in Paris, France, nations to be clear about its terms has Mr. STEARNS. Mr. Chairman, for ex- on December 10, 1898. I have read, and led on more than one occasion to dis- ample, let us say it turns out common- I hope all of the Members before they pute. Mr. Chairman, this is serious busi- wealth gets 46 percent, statehood gets enter into a decision read the Treaty of ness. If the United States Congress 43 percent, and the remaining goes for Paris. wished to grant Puerto Ricans the na- a sovereign nation. Then you would Mr. Chairman, the only, I repeat, the tionality of the United States, as it is have the runoff of the commonwealth only mention of the word ‘‘national- claimed in the so-called findings of the and the statehood. Those people who ity’’ is found within Article IX of the Young bill, why is it not spelled out believe in independence would probably treaty, and it refers to the future Span- clearly and specifically in the Treaty support Commonwealth, and it would ish subjects residing in the newly ac- quired territories. Because this issue of Paris? move to probably 53 or 54 percent. So Let me go back and read to you other goes directly to whether Puerto Ricans then we in Congress would know imme- relevant parts of the treaty which I not only are a distinct people, but also diately that they prefer the common- think will shed light on this article. In to whether this fact has always been wealth or independence alternative Article I of the treaty, it says, ‘‘Spain recognized by our Congress, our gov- rather than statehood. relinquishes all claims of sovereignty I think that information is very im- ernment, and the people of the United over the title of Cuba.’’ portant for the people in Puerto Rico States, Mr. Chairman, I am going to In Article II it says, ‘‘Spain cedes to to know and important for Members of quote it in full. the United States the island of Puerto Congress to know when we determine Article IX. Listen. You will learn a Rico and other islands now under Span- whether this country should move for- little bit of history tonight. ish sovereignty in the West Indies, and ‘‘Spanish subjects, natives of the Pe- ward to statehood. It is another criti- the island of Guam in the Marianas or ninsula, residing in the territory over cal piece of information. It gives de- Ladrones.’’ mocracy a chance to work, and gives which Spain by the present treaty re- In Article III it says, ‘‘Spain cedes to the people who support independence linquishes or secedes her sovereignty, the United States the archipelago an opportunity to vote again. may remain in such territory or may known as the Philippine Islands.’’ Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- remove therefrom, retaining in either Mr. Chairman, I ask, where in this man, reclaiming my time, I am not event all their rights of property, in- Treaty of Paris did the Congress of the sure that is a real option to many of cluding the right to sell or dispose of United States expressly extend United the people who support independence. such property or its proceeds, and they States nationality? They will have to determine that. I re- shall also have the right to carry on in Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I main opposed to the amendment. their industry, commerce and profes- move to strike the last word. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on sions, being subject in respect thereof Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, will the amendment offered by the gen- to such laws that are applicable to the gentlewoman yield? tleman from Florida (Mr. STEARNS). other foreigners. In case they remain Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. I yield to the gen- The question was taken; and the in the territory, they may preserve tleman from Illinois. Chairman announced that the noes ap- their allegiance to the Crown of Spain Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I peared to have it. by making before a court of record, ask, where in the Treaty of Paris did March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H825 the Congress of the United States ex- All inhabitants continuing to reside there- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- pressly extend United States national- in who were Spanish subjects on the 11th day man, I rise in opposition to the amend- ity, think about that, to the people of of April, 1899, and their children born subse- ment. Cuba, to the people of Guam, to the quent to them, shall be deemed and held to Mr. Chairman, the Congress is given be citizens of Puerto Rico, and as such enti- the responsibility to determine the people of the Philippines or Puerto tled to the protection of the United States, Rico? It is nowhere to be found in the except such as have elected to preserve their civil rights and status of the inhab- Treaty of Paris. allegiance to the Crown of Spain in accord- itants of Puerto Rico under the Treaty This so-called finding is a lie. It im- ance with the provisions of the treaty of of Paris. I have the Treaty of Paris in plies that the failure to declare alle- peace between the United States and Spain; front of me. I do not want to get into giance to the Crown of Spain by a spec- and they, together with such citizens of the a great debate with my friend, the gen- ified date meant the establishment of United States as may reside in Puerto Rico, tleman from Illinois, but Congress ex- United States nationality for the in- shall constitute the body politic under the tended U.S. sovereignty to Puerto Rico name people of the people of Puerto Rico. habitants of Puerto Rico. In other and U.S. nationality to its residents. Consequently, I oppose the amend- words, they interpret the Treaty of b 1930 Paris to say, hey, if you did not re- ment, and I think that we ought to nounce your sovereignty under Spain, Puerto Rico is a nation, under the have a vote on the amendment. you became nationals. But we did not Foraker Act of Congress. We did not The CHAIRMAN. Is there further de- say that. The United States of America give them nationality, we did not give bate on the amendment? If not, the question is on the amend- did not grant that to those people. It them anything. We signed a treaty. So ment offered by the gentleman from Il- says, of nationals of that territory, the please stop saying that it is a group of people; the Foraker Act in 1990 and linois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). only territory being Puerto Rico. The amendment was rejected. The terms of the treaty are very every subsequent piece of legislation. I am not, and I ask anybody to stand up The CHAIRMAN. Are there further clear. Spanish subjects who fail to de- amendments? clare their allegiance to the Spanish and find where in the Foraker Act it says that Puerto Ricans were granted AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BARR OF GEORGIA Crown by a specified date became, in Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, the words of the Treaty of Paris, not American nationality. It is not there in the Treaty of Paris. I offer an amendment, the short ver- Americans or American citizens, but sion. nationals of the territory in which I would think that King George III, he must have just turned. I can just see The Clerk read as follows: they reside. In the case of Puerto Rico, Amendment offered by Mr. BARR of Geor- clearly they became nationals of Puer- him. If he would just show up for a sec- ond, I could just see him, because King gia: In section 4(c)(3)(B), strike ‘‘Approval to Rico, because they were not citizens must be by a majority of the valid votes of the United States, and we did not George must have said, God, did I just cast.’’ and insert ‘‘Approval of the separate grant them United States nationality. hear a Member of Congress say that sovereignty option must be by a majority of I ask anybody to look at that treaty Puerto Rico is not a nation, that it is the valid votes cast, and approval of the and find something different. just a group of people? Because I think, statehood option must be by a super-major- Mr. Chairman, I think it is very as the King of England, I once said that ity of 75 percent of the valid votes cast.’’. about the 13 colonies. In section 5(c)(2), strike ‘‘majority vote clear, they became Cuban nationals, for’’ and insert ‘‘in the approval of’’. Guam nationals, Philippine nationals, They said those 13 colonies are not a nation. That is not a group of people, Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, and Puerto Rican nationals. And you we have heard a lot of proponents of know something, Mr. YOUNG, the Cu- that is just a group of colonies that we got out there that we own. They would H.R. 856 argue that this bill is nec- bans became independent. Guam, the essary in order to offer the people of Philippines. So think about it, they have been cheering and applauding the English throne. They would have said, Puerto Rico the opportunity to deter- were nationals of a nation, along with mine their own political destiny. This other people of other territories. God, we have Members of Congress who say to us today, in 1998, after 1776 de- is not right. This is not correct. Mr. Chairman, Puerto Rico is a sepa- No one disputes that Puerto Rico claring our independence from the King rate and distinct nation with its own should have the right to self-deter- and England, that still people dispute culture, language and history. But the mination. As a matter of fact, they al- that there are nations out there. They proponents of H.R. 856 seek to deny the ready have that right. Nothing pre- are there. The facts are clear. existence of the Puerto Rican nation vents the Puerto Rican people from pe- Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- with its very defined terms. titioning Congress for admission to the man, I move to strike the requisite Mr. Chairman, this fact of the exist- Union without the necessity of a feder- ence of a clearly defined Puerto Rican number of words. ally-mandated plebiscite. But Puerto nationality is exactly the reason why Mr. Chairman, I had a teacher in law Rico has not done so. Why not? It may Congress has not once in 100 years school who said that when you had the very well be that because ever since since the Treaty of Paris incorporated facts, you harped on the facts. When the first plebiscite was held in 1952, the Puerto Rico as a territory. you had the law on your side, you majority of Puerto Ricans have never Mr. Chairman, there is very exten- harped on the law. When you did not asked for statehood. sive public available research which have the facts or law on your side, you In the last plebiscite, held in 1993, will substantiate each and every one of made a hell of a mess, and pleaded all none of the status options received a my assertions. over the place. majority of the vote. In fact, only 46 Finally, I will limit my presentation That is precisely what the gentleman percent of Puerto Ricans chose state- to the following: Think about it. After from Illinois is doing. He is trying to hood, while an even larger number, 49 the Treaty of Paris, what is the next confuse the issues here. I repeat once percent, voted to retain Common- document that we have in relationship more, Puerto Rico is not a nation, as wealth status. Concerning the perma- between Puerto Rico and the United we understand nations to be, and they nent, irrevocable nature of statehood, States? You know what it was, Mr. have no participation in international it does not make sense to grant it un- YOUNG? It was the act of Congress in organizations as a separate nation. The less the overwhelming majority of 1900 known as the Foraker Act, the United States represents Puerto Rico Puerto Ricans favor such a step. first organic act of Puerto Rico. And and all the 50 States in all inter- Recent national polls show that guess what? Under the section General national organizations. American and Puerto Ricans alike sup- Provisions of that act of Congress, it Mr. Speaker, I want to submit, if the port a requirement that statehood be puts to rest any notion that the Treaty gentleman from Illinois and the gentle- approved by a supermajority of Puerto of Paris established United States na- woman from New York feel that they Rican voters. According to an April tionality for inhabitants of Puerto belong to a different nation, a different 1997 Public Opinion Strategies poll, 61 Rico, as is alleged in this false finding, nation than the United States, I would percent of mainland Americans favored because I am going to quote it to you. recommend that perhaps they should a requirement that statehood be ap- This is an act of Congress, 1900 Foraker renounce their seats and let some proved by a supermajority of at least 75 Act, section 7: Americans occupy their seats. percent of the popular vote. H826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Likewise, a June 1997 poll of Puerto Mr. BARR of Georgia. That is cor- we have a 75 percent threshold here. I Rican voters conducted by American rect. just think that we have raised the bar Viewpoint demonstrated that 57 per- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. This does not where in fact this amendment, in all cent of Puerto Ricans also supported apply to the plebiscite that will be likelihood, could torpedo this act; or such a requirement. taken in the first stage? should the people in Puerto Rico The amendment I am offering follows Mr. BARR of Georgia. That is cor- choose to go forward with the process the will of the people, both in the rect. of adopting statehood, that this in fact United States mainland and in Puerto Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. That does not could be a defeat of that aspect. Rico, a 75 percent supermajority for apply to the second stage? I think a reasonable higher percent- the Puerto Rican approval vote, which Mr. BARR of Georgia. To the Puerto age, above 50 percent, is understand- in the later step is a completely rea- Rican approval after congressional con- able, but I do not believe that 75 per- sonable requirement when one consid- sideration? cent is it, and for that reason I would ers the fact that Alaskans gave 83 per- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. This is not oppose this amendment. cent approval to statehood and Hawaii necessary, except only in the case Mr. KINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, I gave 94 percent. where the plebiscite voted for state- move to strike the requisite number of Why is a supermajority requirement hood and they made the application to words. necessary? Let us look at the big pic- the Congress, the Congress votes, there Mr. Chairman, I just rise in support ture. English is the common language is a transition stage, this goes back, of the amendment offered by the gen- of the United States. It is not the com- and they have to reach the 75 percent? mon language of Puerto Rico. Spanish tleman from Georgia (Mr. BARR) that Mr. BARR of Georgia. That is cor- would require the supermajority of 75 is an official language of Puerto Rico. rect. It is the language of its courts and its percent. The reason is that we have Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. The only heard many times that no other States legislature and its schools. question I have, what other States re- According to the 1990 census, less have had to have this requirement. But quired that in the title or in the text of no other States have been so appar- than a quarter of all Puerto Ricans the statehood act? Were there any speak English. In 1996 this House voted ently divided on the question of becom- other States that ever required that? ing a State; no other territories, if you overwhelmingly to make English the Mr. BARR of Georgia. I think this is will. official language of the United States. a unique situation. The gentleman is Mr. Chairman, I believe that 75 per- Eighty-six percent of Americans favor certainly correct in his implication cent is conservative. I believe it is a making English the official language of that this has not been required before, minimum level. It would bother me the United States and 74 percent of but I do not think that is necessarily a that we would have a territory that Americans favor a requirement making reason why, in this particular case, wants to become a State with less than Puerto Rico accept English as its offi- given the language difficulties and the 75 percent. I would think, Mr. Chair- cial language prior to becoming a very strong feelings; I mean, the gen- man, that it would be 90 or 95 percent State. tleman is sitting at a desk where there of the people wanting to join officially Puerto Rican statehood and the over- is a bullet hole by some Puerto Rican whelming mandate for making English as a State into the great United States separatists. Tempers can run very high the official language of the United of America. on this. States will inevitably generate a con- This amendment was intended so I believe that the 75 percent is there tentious debate over issues of language that it truly reaches the vast majority because the gentleman from Georgia and culture. If this friction translates of people, and I think will be a temper- (Mr. BARR) and many Members of Con- into political turmoil similar to the ing amendment as well. gress realize that this is a controver- bitter separatist struggle in Quebec, it Mr. Chairman, to those who say that this is sial measure. It is a measure that is di- could undermine the long-term assimi- nothing but rhetoric; that it couldn't happen viding the island of Puerto Rico. We do lation of Puerto Rico, or even worse, here, well, I have news for you. It has already not know if it is going to be yes, we do provoke resentment, violence, or acts happened here. Right here in this very Cham- not know if it is going to be no, but of terrorism against mainland U.S. and ber. On March 1, 1954, Puerto Rican national- both sides agree that it is going to be supporters of Puerto Rican statehood. ists ascended to the House gallery, drew pis- a very, very close vote. This is why I say to my colleagues, I think it would be a shame to admit let the will of the people be heard, but tols, and opened fire. Before they were sub- dued, five Congressmen lay wounded on the a new State to the Union where we do let us make sure it truly is the will of not have at least 75 percent of the peo- the people, consistent with the histori- House floor. To this very day, we can see the evidence of their handiwork. Inside that desk, ple who enthusiastically are willing cal standards that were maintained and want all the rights and privileges with regard to the admission of the is a drawer with a bullet hole. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- of being a State. last two States of the Union, Alaska man, I move to strike the last word. Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- and Hawaii, during which or in both of Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman man, I move to strike the requisite which votes, well over 80 percent of the from Georgia (Mr. BARR) is correct in number of words. people voted for statehood. Mr. Chairman, I oppose the amend- What we are simply saying in this one aspect of his amendment. That is, ment on the basis that this 75 percent case, with regard to Puerto Rico be- I think that ultimately for this act to on the final vote the third time is ex- coming a State, is that before that be- succeed, the vote to change the status cessive. Today with the mass media comes a reality, and in order to ensure in Puerto Rico to State should be by a and the use of the mass media in any a true plebiscite, we ought to require supermajority. kind of election, it is easy to reach 25 and should require through this amend- In the past, that has happened in percent or more. Just by one 26 per- ment a 75 percent supermajority. other States because of the enthusiasm I ask adoption of this amendment. by the end of the process for statehood, cent, all of a sudden something stops. Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- and when they in fact voted on the ad- And 74 percent, a majority in Puerto man, I rise in opposition to the amend- mission, as the proponents of this Rico, then if the opposition gets 26 per- ment. amendment pointed out, they voted by cent, the whole thing stops. Mr. Chairman, I ask the question of 79 percent and other supermajorities, I think the requirement of 75 percent the gentleman, if I understand the gen- but there was no requirement that they is extremely high. I think it would tleman correctly, he has modified his voted. Had Alaska voted by 50.1 per- dampen the spirits of the people them- amendment from the original text cent, it would have been a State. It selves, to say, why should we be re- where it only applies to the admission voted by 79, but there was no require- quired 75 percent when nobody else was stage; is that correct? ment. This would be the first time that required more than 50 percent? Some Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, we have placed this requirement on States were even admitted to the will the gentleman yield? this. Union with less than 50 percent. They Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. I yield to the I agree with that requirement, but I voted for statehood less than 50 per- gentleman from Georgia. am deeply disturbed by the fact that cent, yet they were admitted into the March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H827 Union. With Puerto Rico it is 75 per- people were right when they said that Supreme Court decision sometime that cent. I think this is too exaggerated, they had an equal voice as the United states that the commonwealth does not and I would oppose it. States when it came to determining exist, because I would like to read it. Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- the laws of Puerto Rico. But unfortu- Mr. Chairman, I would like to also man, I move to strike the requisite nately, Mr. Chairman, that is not the see something from the United Na- number of words. case right now in Puerto Rico. tions, since the gentleman referred to Mr. Chairman, there is a lot of infor- If we need evidence of it, all we need the United Nations, where the United mation being disseminated by members to do is go back to the 103rd Congress, Nations says that the autonomous sta- of this committee that this is a last Congress, and see that this Con- tus is somehow also something that is stacked deck against Commonwealth. I gress unanimously, without the sup- not acceptable in international law. would respectfully ask them to read port of the people of Puerto Rico, did Because I would really like to see that the bill. In fact, it enhances the Com- away with 936, the tax status in Puerto for my own edification. monwealth position. I am a little bit Rico. The reason we did away with it I think that that is important be- concerned that the type of information is, guess what, it is up to this Congress cause I think that that is the process being displayed and disseminated by to choose; not the people of Puerto that we are about here today, is learn- other members of this House to those Rico. I find that very upsetting. I find ing from one another. Because I can that did vote in favor of the Young- that very troubling that we in this bring the gentleman the Foraker Act Miller-McCollum-Burton amendment Congress can decide arbitrarily what that was passed in 1900 that says this ought to understand that this bill has the law is going to be for Puerto Rico, Congress gave Puerto Ricans Puerto been carefully crafted contrary to what and yet they have no voice in the mat- Rican citizenship. I have here the Trea- people may say, and only the Congress ter. So that is why we have come to ty of Paris which says that those mem- has the right to define what Common- this bill and that is why we need to bers of that territory will be nationals wealth is. support this legislation. of that territory. Complete, complete Mr. Chairman, in conclusion let me disregard for these findings that we b 1945 just say those who say commonwealth have here. Only the Congress. And so, Mr. Chair- is not favored in this legislation are So there is a lot to be debated and I man, those who will be watching this right, because when we define common- think that we really do have to under- debate on television should reconsider wealth status we understand that it stand something. Let us have a debate some of the information they have re- can be nothing more than territorial about some constructive questions. Un- ceived in the very few minutes since status. Like it or not, that is the legal fortunately, because of the way the the last vote. I just ask Members to do opinion of the Supreme Court, of the rules are worked out, we only could de- that as they watch this debate, to un- constitutional experts. Even the bate it today. It seems interesting. derstand that we have crafted this bill United Nations know that common- I always wondered, as I said yester- very balanced and very straight- wealth status is not a recognized final day, if we were determining our future forward. status. relationship with Israel, if the 40-some- Those who say the bill has not seri- So when people say we leave it up for odd Jewish Members and others of us ously considered commonwealth, look another vote and another vote and an- here who care about that relationship at the original text. I did not be even other vote when there is not a majority would want to limit it to one day; if it include commonwealth in it. But be- who vote for statehood, the reason is were about Ireland, if the gentleman cause supporters of commonwealth that some day the people of Puerto from Rhode Island and others would came to me, we wrote with the gen- Rico have to choose between the con- say, ‘‘God, Luis,’’ if I came to them and tleman from California (Mr. MILLER) a stitutionally accepted choices of final said we have to limit it to one day; if definition that does give them advan- status, i.e. independence which is rec- it was about South Africa and the Afri- tage. I would just like to suggest that ognized, or full assimilation with the can-American Members would say, ‘‘We we stick to the script. United States with respect to state- have to limit it to one day?’’ It is sad. Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. hood for the people of Puerto Rico. So much to discuss. So much to debate. Chairman, I move to strike the req- Now, in conclusion, let me just say So much to learn about. And yet so lit- uisite number of words. anybody who has been to the Puerto tle time to make this momentous deci- Mr. Chairman, once again I would Rican community in my State should sion. like to commend the gentleman from know that simply because they are in That is what I really think. No one Alaska (Mr. YOUNG), chairman of the Rhode Island does not mean they have hears about the Foraker Act. Did my Committee on Resources, for his work taken away any of their Puerto Rican colleagues read the Jones Act of 1917? on this bill. It is a historic bill. I feel identity. I know for sure that, having Did they read Law 600 of 1950? No, it is very privileged to be a member of this been to Puerto Rico, even if they be- like the complete history is in these committee, to have been able to work come an ‘‘estado,’’ it is not going to findings. Findings that were prepared. on this legislation, to have had the change the people of Puerto Rico. They Mr. Chairman, I want to repeat some- chance to travel to Puerto Rico many will still be the shining star of the Car- thing. I think that the gentleman from times over the course of the last 2 ibbean and will still have their own California (Mr. MILLER) did a great job, years to hear the voice of the people of culture and identity. There is nothing but let us understand something. The Puerto Rico. that will take that away from them. gentleman said before the Committee Initially when I came to Puerto Rico But ultimately they will have the on Rules yesterday that when he could I was sympathetic to the common- right of every other American citizen not reach an agreement with the wealth cause because that is the cause to vote for a Congressman who will ‘‘commonwealthers,’’ he took that defi- that has been historically identified represent them in the halls of this Con- nition from the commonwealthers, with the Democratic Party of which I gress when we choose to make deci- took it to them and it was rejected. am a Member. And yet I felt from the sions that affect the people of Puerto Then do my colleagues know what he testimony of the people in Puerto Rico Rico. That is why we need to pass the did next? He said he sat down with the that there is a transformation going on Young bill as is and let a majority of gentleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. RO- in Puerto Rico, because the people of the public decide, which has always MERO-BARCELO´ ) and the two of them Puerto Rico have finally come to the been the case: a majority decides. made an agreement of what that defini- realization that commonwealth status Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I tion should be. is no longer the best of both worlds. It move to strike the requisite number of I do not think that is an exactly fair does not mean, as many people thought words. and equitable manner of arriving at it meant, that there was a bilateral Mr. Chairman, I would like to say to definitions that are going to determine agreement between the people of Puer- the gentleman from Rhode Island (Mr. the future of Puerto Rico. I thought we to Rico and the United States. KENNEDY), my friend, that number one, had a democracy here, bipartisan. Mr. Mr. Chairman, I wish that we had had I think it would be good for us if the Chairman, can my colleagues imagine that bilateral agreement. I wish the gentleman could please offer to us the if I got to write the platform for the H828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Democratic Party and said here it is, Ferrer v. Mari Bras, CT–96–14, that there ex- Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of go run on it? ists a Puerto Rican citizenship which is this amendment. I propose to add this Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. ‘‘separate and distinct’’ from the United finding because I think it is very im- Chairman, will the gentleman yield? States citizenship and that persons born in portant for Congress to understand the Puerto Rico who are Puerto Rican citizens Mr. GUTIERREZ. I yield to the gen- may not be denied the right to vote in Puer- reality of the Puerto Rican people. tleman from Rhode Island. to Rico even if they are not United States This bill makes a formal offer of state- Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. citizens. hood, too. Chairman, I appreciate the gentleman’s Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, This amendment informs Congress frustration that we have only had a this amendment adds a new finding to and the American people about a very day. I have enjoyed the fact that we the bill. It recognizes the separate and recent and very important decision could pack a lot into this day, even distinct nature of Puerto Rican citizen- made by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico of the Commonwealth of Puerto more than the time that we have. ship. Let me just say that consistent with The amendment provides that on No- Rico, of which the Resident Commis- the Principles 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the vember 18, 1997, the Supreme Court of sioner was once Governor. Annex Resolution 1541 of the United Puerto Rico decided that there exists b 2000 Nations General Assembly, the U.N., Puerto Rican citizenship which is sepa- In the case of Miriam J. Ramirez de statehood is the decolonizing status op- rate and distinct from the United Ferrer, a great supporter of statehood tion for decolonization. States citizenship. The court further in Puerto Rico, against Juan Mari Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, re- found that persons born in Puerto Rico Bras, somebody who wishes independ- claiming my time for a moment, be- who are Puerto Rican citizens may not ence for Puerto Rico, in this momen- cause that is interesting, the United be denied the right to vote in Puerto tous decision the Supreme Court of Nations. And what about section 748? Rico if they are not United States citi- Puerto Rico, not Luis Gutierrez, the Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Inde- zens. Congressman from the Fourth District pendence also. Juan Mari Bras, the subject of this of the State of Illinois, but the Su- Mr. GUTIERREZ. It is also independ- lawsuit, has challenged us to take a preme Court of Puerto Rico determined ence, and also autonomy is in there. Is close look at the nature of Puerto Rico that Puerto Rican citizenship is a it not interesting that the gentleman nationality and citizenship. The pro- birthright of all persons born on the is- says that the United Nations says that ponents of the bill insist that the Puer- land, borne of the natural right of all self-determination is statehood, the ul- to Rican people have no rights other persons guaranteed under the Constitu- timate assimilation of one country by than what Congress has granted them. tion of the Commonwealth of Puerto another? This reading of history is outright Rico. I did not make this up. This is a My only point is the Supreme Court wrong and deceiving. This deliberate recent decision of the Supreme Court has ruled on this thing invariably dif- omission of fact from the findings is of Puerto Rico. Talk about self-deter- ferently. There is no definite decision yet another example of the misleading mination. about that. All I am saying is that hand behind the drafting of this bill. Are we simply going to disregard Cabot Lodge went down there, made By omitting this finding, we are ig- that decision, the same Supreme Court the agreement. We went before the noring the fundamental protections of where there is a statehood Governor Committee on Decolonization. We went international human rights as well as currently in Puerto Rico? This Su- before them, before the world commu- the U.S. Constitution. Almost 50 years preme Court decision based both on nity, and said the people of Puerto ago, several years after the creation of Federal law and precedent as well as Rico and the United States have the United Nations, the Universal Dec- the Constitution of the Commonwealth reached a compact. We came back here laration of Human Rights, a treaty was that Puerto Rican citizenship is, to Congress and we said this is what we signed and ratified by the United and I quote, separate and distinct from are going to respect. States Congress, provided under Arti- United States citizenship. Now I know the gentleman is going cle 15 that everyone has a right to na- A very well known and respected to go back and say that did not exist tionality. leader of the movement for Puerto and it was a big lie. The Congress lied. Furthermore, Article 19 of the Amer- Rican independence, Mr. Juan Mari Cabot Lodge lied. We were all one big ican Declaration of the Rights and Du- Bras traveled to Venezuela and in ac- liar. Is that what we are saying here ties of Man, as well as article 20 of the cordance with U.S. law went to the today? Eisenhower lied. Everybody American Convention of Human U.S. Embassy in Venezuela and filed an lied. I do not think quite we can say Rights, recognized this fundamental application to renounce his American that. international right and protection. citizenship. He returned to Puerto Rico The CHAIRMAN. The question is on The existence of a separate and dis- and resumed his law practice. A year the amendment offered by the gen- tinct Puerto Rican citizenship and that later he received a formal certificate tleman from Georgia (Mr. BARR). the Puerto Rican people form a Nation accepting his resignation of American The question was taken; and the cannot be questioned. The Puerto citizenship. When he registered to vote Chairman announced that the noes ap- Rican people have a distinct language in Puerto Rico, his right to vote in the peared to have it. and culture and a defined geographical Puerto Rican election was challenged. RECORDED VOTE territory, and it has been self-govern- The case went all the way to the Puer- Mr. BARR of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, ing since the 1950s through the com- to Rican Supreme Court, which upheld on that I demand a recorded vote. monwealth relationship entered with his right to vote in Puerto Rican elec- The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House mutual consent with the United tions. The Court decided also that Resolution 376, further proceedings on States. while it was constitutional for the the amendment offered by the gen- Neither the Jones Act nor the Puerto Puerto Rican Legislature to require tleman from Georgia (Mr. BARR) will be Rican Federal Relations Act took U.S. citizenship to vote in Puerto Rico, postponed. Puerto Ricans’ inherent right to their along with residence and other require- AMENDMENT NO. 29 OFFERED BY MS. VELA´ ZQUEZ own nationality and to be citizens of ments, native-born Puerto Ricans are Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I their nation. The Supreme Court, the guaranteed their right to vote in Puer- offer an amendment. Puerto Rico Supreme Court’s recent to Rican elections by sole virtue of The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- ruling confirms this historical and their Puerto Rican citizenship con- ignate the amendment. legal interpretation. ferred to them by their birth in Puerto The text of the amendment is as fol- Mr. Chairman, we should not approve Rico. So states the Supreme Court of lows: a bill with such a misinterpretation of Puerto Rico. This is very important because it Amendment No. 29 offered by Ms. Puerto Rico’s nationality and citizen- highlights the important fact that VELA´ ZQUEZ: At the end of section 2, add the ship rights. I urge my colleagues to following new paragraph: support my amendment. Puerto Rico is indeed a nation, that (16) On November 18, 1997, the Supreme Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I citizenship and nationality are two dif- Court of Puerto Rico decided in Ramirez de move to strike the last word. ferent things. It is in the Treaty of March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H829 Paris. It is in the Foraker Act. It is in essary to bring before Congress and there, Puerto Rican citizenship. It ex- this recent decision, because I know Congress allow the people of Puerto ists. It existed as a nation of people. that some of my colleagues are saying, Rico to vote to see if we can put an end There is a difference between nation- why are you going so far back? Well, I and decide finally which road Puerto ality and citizenship. That has already went back 90 years, and now I am com- Rico is going to take. been determined throughout the world. ing present. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Yes, Puerto Ricans are nationals. I Members should know this, this Con- the amendment offered by the gentle- know that some of them feel less Puer- gress, that the Supreme Court Jus- woman from New York (Ms. to Rican than others and that there tices, all American citizens, had de- VELA´ ZQUEZ). may be degrees to which people feel. I cided, what do you do with Juan Mari The amendment was rejected. am sure that when we had the great Bras? He was born in Puerto Rico. He The CHAIRMAN. Are there further war of independence from Great Brit- renounces his American citizenship. amendments? ain, there were many of those who said, oh, God, I do not want to be a member What country do you send him to? AMENDMENT NO. 4 OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ of that new emerging Nation of those Where do you get rid of him to? The Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I 13 colonies. I kind of like King George. Supreme Court said he was born on offer an amendment. this island, there is nothing we can do. He is okay. And there were others who The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- felt as Thomas Paine, as Jefferson and He renounced it, and he has no other ignate the amendment. country because he is a national of this as others, that it was time to incor- The text of the amendment is as fol- porate into a new Nation and to make nation, Puerto Rico. lows: I suggest to anybody to please ex- that Nation valid. That is what we Amendment No. 4 offered by Mr. GUTIER- have got in Puerto Rico. plain to me what you do with people in REZ: Let us understand it. Let us not skew the circumstances of Juan Mari Bras. Strike section 2 and redesignate the suc- the issue. I ask that the findings just Now, I think it is important that we ceeding sections accordingly. simply be eliminated because what you discuss and debate all these issues. Un- In section 1(b), in the table of contents, are doing, if you allow these findings, fortunately, we will not have enough strike the item relating to section 2 and re- designate the succeeding items accordingly. is a blank check, because they will time today. take these findings, convert them into Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, this 30-second commercials and distort the man, I rise in opposition to the amend- amendment seeks to address the grave reality of the congressional intent. ment, and I move to strike the req- injustice done to the independence and to the commonwealth versions of Puer- The CHAIRMAN. The question is on uisite number of words. the amendment offered by the gen- Mr. Chairman, we have been hearing to Rican history that are included in tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). these findings. As I have shown pre- about the nation of Puerto Rico, and The amendment was rejected. once again I repeat, Puerto Rico in viously in the debate on the findings The CHAIRMAN. Are there further geopolitical terms is not a nation. One sections, the findings sections to be in- amendments? cluded in this bill have been chosen to might consider Puerto Rico a nation in AMENDMENT NO. 21 OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ sociological terms, but not in geo- provide a distorted pro-statehood ver- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I political position. sion of Puerto Rican history, beginning offer an amendment. We are a community. What the gen- with the very denial that Puerto Rico The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- tleman from Illinois and the gentle- ever existed as a nation and as a peo- ignate the amendment. woman from New York are trying to do ple. The text of the amendment is as fol- here is trying to confuse the issue by It is unfair to present such an unbal- lows: saying Puerto Rico is a nation, a dif- anced view of the Puerto Rican history Amendment No. 21 offered by Mr. GUTIER- ferent nation; therefore we have to if the true objective of this bill were REZ: truly self-determination. Rather than In section 4(a), insert after paragraph (6) of treat it differently from what we treat the referendum language for Statehood the all the other U.S. citizens. But the attempt a superficial discussion on his- following new paragraph (and redesignate issue before us is clear. The issue be- torical facts on which those of us with the succeeding paragraphs accordingly): fore us is, are we going to allow self-de- a little knowledge of Puerto Rican his- ‘‘(7) Notwithstanding the Amateur Sports termination or not to the U.S. citizens tory find it very hard to agree upon, Act of 1978. Puerto Rico retains its separate in Puerto Rico. All this extraneous ma- and upon which, in all truth, the ma- Olympic Committee and ability to compete jority of my colleagues unfortunately under its own flag and national anthem in terial that is being brought up here international athletic competitions, even today is for the purpose of confusing. know little of the details, and of the in- against the United States.’’ terpretation of those historical details, There is no legitimate purpose on this Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, we are asked to subscribe to with our issue to have to consider what hap- under statehood, according to the pened in 1900, what happened in 1902. vote. International Olympic Committee and What we are trying to do is what hap- This bill is so slanted in favor of the Amateur Sports Act of 1979, the pens now, what happens in the future. statehood, especially in the findings United States Olympic is the sole rep- The decision in the case of Juan Mari section, that it is really an overkill. resentative in the Olympic games and Bras was by a Supreme Court in Puerto The purpose of this very conveniently Pan American games, of which Puerto Rico where five out of the seven mem- selected presentation of Puerto Rican Rico participates in both the Olympics, bers were appointed by the Governor, history is to provide political ammuni- sending its own team from Puerto Rico who is of the Commonwealth Party, tion to the Statehood Party during the to the Olympics and Pan American and all of them had been active politi- plebiscite campaign. Adoption of this games. No other body or organization cally before they were appointed to the amendment will make this bill less un- can represent the U.S. or any part bench. The Chief Judge of the Supreme fair and less skewed in favor of state- thereof if they become a State of the Court of Puerto Rico was a lawyer of hood. Union. If Puerto Rico becomes a State, the Commonwealth Party in electoral I have just shown you clearly, I it is extremely unlikely that they may matters, in matters of election. He is think, when we spoke about the Treaty compete in Olympic games separately the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court. of Paris, that nowhere in the Treaty of from the U.S. as an Olympic team, as The decision by the Supreme Court Paris, and I asked the gentleman from has been the long history of the people very carefully kept away from all Fed- Puerto Rico if he has found in the of Puerto Rico. To the end the Inter- eral laws and the U.S. Constitution Treaty of Paris where it says United national Olympic Committee granted very carefully so the decision could not States nationality, because if he finds the National Olympic Committee of be questioned in the Federal forum. It it, then you know I will take it back, the United States exclusive powers for has been highly criticized as a horren- because then maybe I missed it some- their representation for their respec- dous judicial decision by many out- where, but he has not responded to tive countries at the Olympic games standing attorneys in Puerto Rico. that. Where it is in the Foraker Act of and all other OIC-sanctioned events. So those things happen in this issue 1900, I asked the gentleman from Puer- Evidently, if Puerto Ricans are of the status. This is why it is nec- to Rico to please find. And it says pushed to vote in favor of statehood, H830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 they are going to lose one of their most Always there are people in Puerto about the special nature of the rela- treasured traditions of representation Rico that feel, members of the pro- tionship. in the sports arena. Furthermore, Communist party, which has never I want people to understand. It did Puerto Rico would no longer be able to been registered as a voting party, did not happen in Alaska and it did not participate in the Olympics as a sepa- not maintain a registration as a voting happen in Hawaii and it did not happen rate entity. Puerto Ricans would be party, and they got about half a per- in Texas. Why can we bring up all these forced to lose one of their richest and cent of the vote when they went into issues, and it happened in Puerto Rico, treasured sources of patriotic pride. elections. Yes, they went there and of language and culture? And the resi- I want to remind my fellow col- cheered Cuba, but it was not everyone dent commissioner said it was not geo- leagues that Puerto Rico is such a that was there. I was there at those political. Okay. But he said it was so- proud nation that when President games. ciological. That is pretty incredible. Carter called for a boycott of the Mos- To say that Puerto Rico cannot par- That is an admission here. Sociological cow games in 1990, the Puerto Rican ticipate, well, Puerto Rico can partici- nationality. Let us examine what that national Olympic team sent two ath- pate if that would be the desire of the means. That means it is a separate and letes with a Puerto Rican flag. Think people of Puerto Rico, and that was the distinct people. about it. Puerto Rico as a nation will decision of the Olympic Committee. That is our point here. Our point here never give up its Olympic representa- The International Olympic Committee is let us have a fair referendum. Look, tion that ties them with the U.S. be- is a private organization. It is not an there was a referendum in 1993. The cause they could not disappoint their official government organization. As a party of the resident commissioner was national athletes that train so hard. matter of fact, they say, government, the party that wrote the script and the Think about it. The President of the stay out. In the International Olympic rules. Everyone voted. The resident United States says, we are going to Committee bylaws it is specifically commissioner, that if statehood would boycott, and yet the people of Puerto stated that any province, any State, have won that plebiscite, that he was Rico send their own Olympic team, any jurisdiction that has been allowed going to come here and demand state- American citizens, to go and partici- to have a committee, a team represent- hood for Puerto Rico. So the gen- pate while other citizens. You see how ing them in the Olympics, if they be- tleman thought that was a good plebi- they are different. You see how there is come integrated with another nation, scite then and those were good rules a separate relationship. Let us under- and regulations then. Why is it today stand that. become a State of or a part of another I just want to make one last point. I nation, they can maintain their own that the gentleman comes with this did have an amendment to pardon Olympic committee. And that is what other version when he would have Bobby Knight because Bobby Knight has happened with Hong Kong. taken that version and asked us to have adopted it back 5 short years ago? went out to Puerto Rico in 1976, this is b 2015 ´ true, just to make the point, 1979 dur- Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I However, whether or not we partici- yield back the balance of my time. ing the Pan American games, probably pate in the Olympic games every 4 the Resident Commissioner remem- The CHAIRMAN. Is there further de- years for 2 weeks cannot be put in the bate on the amendment? bers, and in the final for the gold medal same table of consideration as the eco- it was the United States and Cuba, and If not, the question is on the amend- nomic welfare of the people of Puerto ment offered by the gentleman from Il- there were 20,000 fans there, and they Rico and the political equality of the were all chanting, Cuba, Cuba, Cuba, linois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). people of Puerto Rico; the right to The question was taken; and the not because they believed in Com- vote, the right to representation and munism, not because they believed in Chairman announced that the noes ap- the right to participate in a democratic Fidel Castro, but because they had a peared to have it. system. We believe in democracy. We Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I sense of the great andeano, the Jose cannot put that aside in order to par- Marti. They were applauding the ath- demand a recorded vote. ticipate in the games every 4 years for The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House letes from another Spanish-speaking 2 weeks. That is not in the same table Resolution 376, further proceedings on country. Unfortunately, he did not get of consideration. it and he made some obscene gestures, the amendment offered by the gen- So this, again, is another issue that was arrested and said, how can these tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) is brought in just to confuse and to try citizens of the United States not be will be postponed. to tell people they should not vote for cheering for the American team? Why? Are there further amendments? Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I Because they loved their American this bill because, after all, this is self- offer an amendment. citizenship, but they are a different determination and this is what Amer- ica is all about. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- and a special kind of people. ´ Let us treat them specially in ac- Ms. VELAZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I ignate the amendment. cordance with their fine tradition. move to strike the last word. Which amendment is the gentleman That is why I present this amendment. Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, will proposing? the gentlewoman yield? PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY Let us allow them to continue to have ´ their Olympic team even if they are a Ms. VELAZQUEZ. I yield to the gen- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Parliamentary in- State of the Union, because we want to tleman from Illinois. quiry. respect their great history and pride. Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO´ . Mr. Chair- certainly do not want to make this the state his parliamentary inquiry. man, I rise in opposition to the amend- kind of issue that the resident commis- Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, is ment. sioner wants to make it. I just want to there going to be any time allotted to Mr. Chairman, we must have seen a make the point the fact is Bobby close this debate after the end of all of different Pan American games in Puer- Knight had a few problems in Puerto the amendments? to Rico because I certainly, the event Rico. He was arrested. And he did say The CHAIRMAN. After voting on the that he talked about Bobby Knight did some very disparaging words, and those amendments, Members can strike the not happen with Cuba. It was some- disparaging words had a direct rela- last word, after which the Committee thing that happened during the prac- tionship between the games that were will rise and report. tice, and then it was very, he pushed an being played there and the reaction. Mr. GUTIERREZ. There will be an officer of the law and he said some He could not understand how 10 additional 5 minutes then at the end so very, very unfavorable remarks about American citizens, if we want to make we can all close, those who wish to Puerto Rico, insulting remarks about it, it was more than 10 I assure the close; is that true? Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans. There- resident commissioner, could cheer for The CHAIRMAN. We are proceeding fore, he earned the hatred and the bad a team other than the United States under the 5-minute rule. This amend- will of the people of Puerto Rico. And when it was going for a gold medal. ment that the gentleman proposes, they took it out on the team, and it And subsequently he got into some though the gentleman has not stated had nothing to do with Cuba. trouble about that. But it just talks which amendment—— March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H831 Mr. GUTIERREZ. Let me explain, commonwealthers propose, because I proceed down this path as to whether and the Chair can help me. I really do was there listening for many years. I or not they want to choose independ- not want to propose an amendment, I went to the University of Puerto Rico. ence, statehood or Commonwealth sta- just want to be able to close. And I was I graduated from high school in Puerto tus. informed that there would be no oppor- Rico. Politics, politics and the national And there is a very real difference be- tunity after all the amendments were questions and status is something that tween these three statuses. People like exhausted to say anything in closing we debate and discuss everyday. to pretend that they can argue that Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- Let me tell my colleagues, if we do they are sort of the same, enhanced man, does the gentleman mean to close not clarify some of these things, here is Commonwealth; that is, to pretend like on the whole bill? what we will get: the 30 second spot you have all of the same rights as the Mr. GUTIERREZ. Yes, on the whole. that is going to scare the living day- citizens of the United States of Amer- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. There will be lights out of anybody. I see it already. ica, but they know, in reality, they do an opportunity to close on the whole Vote for statehood or your citizenship not. So Commonwealth will have some bill after the amendments are voted on. will be taken away. And you know, burdens. We can move to strike the last word. whoever pays, my mother said—(the Statehood, because it puts them in The CHAIRMAN. Members will be gentleman spoke in Spanish)—I am the same status as all of the rest of the able to offer pro forma amendments sorry, I am not supposed to say. Basi- citizens, there will be people in Puerto and move to strike the last word. cally what that means is that a paper Rico that think that that brings bur- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Pro forma will hold whatever you write on it. And den to the selection, to the plebiscite. amendments, move to strike the last whoever has the money to write those They will make those decisions, and word and speak on the bill itself. 30-second scripts and to put them up on they will argue about them back and AMENDMENT NO. 24 OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ the TV set, that is wrong for us to forth. Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, I allow something like that. That is But the fact is that if you vote to be- offer amendment number 24. wrong for people to go in. come a State, you become a State. You The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will des- Let us not force a vote on any issue. share all of the benefits and all of the ignate the amendment. That is what we are doing here. It is liabilities. If you vote to continue in The text of the amendment is as fol- wrong to talk about citizenship which Commonwealth, you are something less lows: we all know will never be taken away than that. You do not share equally Amendment number 24 offered by Mr. from a people. And if we know it will with the citizens of California in public GUTIERREZ: never be taken away, let us not let it assistance payments and education In section 4(a), after paragraph (6) of the be used in this plebiscite. payments and education to the handi- referendum language for statehood, insert And let us have a plebiscite. And I re- cap and food stamps and nutrition pro- the following new paragraphs (and redesig- iterate once again, whoever wins fair grams, because you are not a State. nate the succeeding paragraphs accordingly): and square, we can all come together The representatives of Puerto Rico ‘‘(7) Section 30A of the Internal Revenue and move forward, move forward as a historically have tried to boost those Code of 1986 will continue in effect for 20 people. allotments, to boost those payments, years after Puerto Rico becomes a State or I would like to say this last thing. to argue that these are citizens who until the State of Puerto Rico achieves the same per capita income as the State with the Look, when Members of this Congress are treated unfairly. But that has not next lowest per capta income. talked about South Africa and Nelson been how the Congress has responded. ‘‘(8) The internal revenue laws of the Mandela, nobody ever said they should So those citizens are deprived the full United States will not apply to residents of just move back to South Africa if they benefits, but they are deprived the full the State of Puerto Rico until such time as thought that was so important. When benefits because the Congress has de- the State of Puerto Rico achieves the same Members of this Congress talk about cided that they are not the same as per capita income as the State with the next Ireland and the importance of Ireland citizens of the States. That is a burden lowest per capita income. and its independence, nobody says they of Commonwealth. People do not like Mr. GUTIERREZ. Mr. Chairman, we should go back to Ireland if they want to talk about that. have had a good long day here of de- to talk about that. When Members in Another burden a Commonwealth has bate and discussion and I think that this Congress talk about Israel and is it does not want to acknowledge that people should understand something. talk about their proud Judaism, no- it has to live under the laws of this This is a very serious decision that we body says they have to go back. When country as put forth by the Congress of are entering into. I know we have had people talk about Cuba, nobody says go the United States, but it does. this debate about statutory citizenship back to Cuba. Why is it that when peo- If this was, in fact, a nation today, all day and it is just very important to ple want to raise issues because I am of then what are we doing here today? We me. Puerto Rican descent that I am told go are here because, under the current ar- It is important because I think that back to Puerto Rico or do not have rangement, they are forced to live we have shown that the 14th amend- anything to do with it. under Federal laws of this country, and ment should apply to all the people of The resident commissioner is invited some people do not like that. They be- Puerto Rico. Think about it. The 14th to come to my district any day, as he lieve they would rather be a separate amendment of the Constitution of the has often done. I think we should all be nation, or they believe that, if they United States will be simply thrown up invited to speak to one another as have to live under these laws, they also in the air if we adopt this. That is brothers and sisters in the quest for want to participate in the benefits of wrong. It is wrong to all those citizens justice, equality and a fair and reason- everything else that goes along with on the island of Puerto Rico. able solution to this very critical sta- being a State. I want a fair process. I want a process tus question. The definition of Commonwealth is that says here is independence, and a Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair- an accurate description of the status of version of independence a little kinder man, I move to strike the last word. Puerto Rico today. That is the status and gentler and a little more realistic In closing I again want to reiterate that we would ask the people to vote than the one offered here; a version of that I think that the committee has on. That is Commonwealth today. Not statehood, a realistic version of state- brought to the floor of the House a fair what they hope Commonwealth would hood, the kind of statehood that I lived procedure for determining the future be, not what they would like it to be, in Puerto Rico. status of Puerto Rico, should the citi- but what it is under the laws of this I would like to tell everybody that in zens of Puerto Rico decide to engage in country and the Constitution of the 1972, when I was 19 years old, I reg- that process. United States of America. istered to vote. The first time I voted There is no question that these If you cannot, if that is not a winning was in San Sabastian, Puerto Rico, so choices are difficult choices, and that hand in the election, so be it. But that take it from me, I know what the is why the process is set forth in the is the laws of this country. That is the statehooders propose, what the inde- manner it is so that the Puerto Rican Constitution of this country. Yes, it is pendence people propose, what the citizens can be best informed as they different. It is different than being a H832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 citizen of the State of the United H.R. 856 that was acceptable to the in- York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ) and the gen- States of America. terested parties. The chairman of the tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) Now, many people have come to my Committee on Resources voted for the so upset, and that is, this Congress de- office, and they have argued to me how definition at the time. The current cides what the fate of Puerto Rico is really it is not different. Folks, it is ranking member of the committee whether or not the people of Puerto different. That is what this election voted for the definition at that time. Rico like it or not. will be about. We treat them dif- The definitions were acceptable to the The thing about it is, I am in total ferently every day. That is what upsets parties that represented the statehood, agreement with the sympathies and so many people, that citizens of the commonwealth and independent op- concerns of the gentleman from Illinois United States of America can be treat- tions. (Mr. GUTIERREZ) and the gentlewoman ed in this fashion as this Congress de- But now it seems that the very defi- from New York (Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ). I am liberates action after action after ac- nitions that were agreed to unani- as outraged as anyone else, as the gen- tion. mously in the House of Representatives tlewoman just said, that this Congress The remedy for that is statehood, or are not good enough. My colleagues should think that it could make any the remedy for that is independence, or seem intent now on forcing a vote on decision affecting Puerto Rico without the status quo, which would be Com- Puerto Rico that includes new defini- the opinions and the people of Puerto monwealth. Those are the choices at tions that many Puerto Ricans strong- Rico being part of that decision-mak- the end of the day that the people of ly disagree with. I will tell my col- ing process. That is why I am for state- Puerto Rico will have to decide. Those leagues that if they truly want self-de- hood. That is why I am for this bill. are the choices in a fair and open and termination for Puerto Rico, they will Mr. Chairman, the gentlewoman from just manner that this committee pre- vote against this bill. New York said that this common- sents to the plebiscite. I have heard my colleagues whom I wealth definition was decided by the The people of Puerto Rico will make have great respect for tell me that I committee very unfairly. Let us under- a determination of which status they should vote for independence. I have stand, if we decided what the common- want to determine. If the Olympic heard my colleagues tell me that I wealth definition was based upon the team is so important, then I guess they should vote for statehood. The fact is way the commonwealth party wanted can take Commonwealth. They can that I do not really have a choice, be- it decided, we would have had a little continue that. But then they have to cause if this plebiscite is held under bit of everything we wanted. look the citizens in the eye and say, this bill, we will see a 51st State, not I heard this commonwealth defini- but by the same token, you cannot because the people of Puerto Rico want tion. I said, ‘‘This commonwealth defi- share in the benefits of all the other to be a State. If they wanted that, they nition sounds pretty good.’’ I said, ‘‘It citizens of the United States. sounds so good I want Rhode Island to If it is less important, they might de- would have voted that way in the plebi- have commonwealth status.’’ I bet cide that the great athletes of Puerto scite of 1993. No, they will vote for every other Member in this place would Rico can run on the American team statehood because under the defini- like to have commonwealth status the and participate, and they can share in tions in this bill, commonwealth is not way the commonwealth party in Puer- equal benefits. That is what this is really an option. The authors of this bill have already to Rico wants it to be defined. about. And at the end of the day, this said that their intention was to elimi- But, Mr. Chairman, we have a respon- bill presents that in a fair and open nate commonwealth status as a viable sibility not to define commonwealth fashion. option and they were successful. In status in any partisan terms but to de- b 2030 fact, the authors of this bill did not fine commonwealth status based upon Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I even offer commonwealth as an option the laws of what commonwealth move to strike the requisite number of in the plebiscite when they originally means. As much as my good friends say words. wrote this bill. that commonwealth status means that Mr. Chairman, today has been an Mr. Chairman, many people in this we are a nation, that commonwealth education for a lot of Americans Chamber will tell us that they know status means this or that, or guess watching this debate. Perhaps some what is best for the people of Puerto what the United Nations said, the proof people have learned about the passions Rico. My response is why do we not let is in the pudding. surrounding this debate. Maybe some Puerto Rico decide what is best for Whenever a bill comes up that relates people have come to understand at Puerto Rico? Why do we not give our to Puerto Rico, it is referred to the least a little bit how proud the people participants equal input in determin- Committee on Resources. Why? Be- of Puerto Rico are to be American citi- ing how a status bill should be written? cause the Committee on Resources has zens, how proud we are to live in a de- Why do we not give all Puerto Ricans jurisdiction over Indian and insular af- mocracy in which the concept of free the right to vote on that question? fairs, meaning territories. Meaning no and open debate not only survives but I do not think that this House should matter what we may say about the Su- thrives. be in the business of telling the people preme Court decisions, no matter what Of course, Mr. Chairman, I am a of Puerto Rico what is best for the peo- we may say about U.N. resolutions, the product of that freedom. I am an Amer- ple of Puerto Rico. They should make proof is in the pudding. ican citizen born on the island of Puer- that decision. That is what self-deter- We are sitting here debating this. We to Rico, came to the mainland, was mination is all about. That is why I would not be debating this if there was elected to Congress and stand before ask my colleagues today to oppose this a bilateral pact. If Puerto Rico really this body a full-fledged voting Member legislation. had the say in this matter, they would of this great legislative body. I have a Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. have said, ‘‘Hey, U.S. Congress, we great respect for this institution, but I Chairman, I move to strike the req- don’t need you to give us the right to am concerned that a process is about uisite number of words. vote. We have the right to vote.’’ to be imposed on the people of Puerto Mr. Chairman, I think this is a really Puerto Rico could not do that be- Rico that is anything but democratic. complicated debate for people who are cause they are under the Territorial I appreciate the intention of my col- just learning about it for the first time Clause of the United States Constitu- leagues on both sides of the aisle to over the course of today. I have had the tion, like it or not. Mr. Chairman, allow for the self-determination of the benefit of having the last couple of there is the old Snickers ad that says, people of Puerto Rico. I have said this years in the Committee on Resources ‘‘No matter how you slice it, it still before and I will say it again. This bill to listen to this testimony consist- comes up peanuts.’’ The fact of the is not about self-determination. It is ently, and to have had the chance to matter is, no matter how you define about statehood. This bill is the prod- visit Puerto Rico, as I said earlier. commonwealth, it still comes up Terri- uct of a process that did not consult What really came about from my torial Clause. That is the bottom line the very people it affects the most. many hours of listening to testimony here. In 1990 a commonwealth status defi- is this issue that I think is something That is why I think this is a good nition was agreed to by the authors of that makes the gentlewoman from New bill, because ultimately the people of March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H833 Puerto Rico will have a say in their workers there are translating the pro- What is false? That is exactly as it is. final determination and finally get ceedings for them. They are hoping Everything in this bill is the truth, and some representation on this floor. that their faith in this Congress, their that is what the people of Puerto Rico I want to conclude by saying the gen- faith in their Nation, in the United should be given a choice to vote on. tleman from Puerto Rico (Mr. ROMERO- States, will be confirmed today. Mr. Chairman, I hope that all Mem- BARCELO´ ) has taken on this issue sin- Because, as we have spoken before, bers will vote for this bill, not only for gularly, being the Resident Commis- this bill is about self-determination. Puerto Rico, but for the sake of this sioner who has not had the chance to This bill is about the opportunity of 3.8 Nation. vote but who has taken his position million U.S. citizens who have been The CHAIRMAN. The question is on very seriously and has been a tireless disenfranchised for 81 years, for 81 the amendment offered by the gen- advocate on behalf of the people he rep- years disenfranchised, where they have tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). resents. On the eve of this historic not been able to participate in the The amendment was rejected. vote, I want to salute the gentleman democratic process of their Nation. We The CHAIRMAN. Are there further from Puerto Rico for the job that he have been part of the United States for amendments to the bill? has done on behalf of the people of 100 years it will be July 25, the Amer- SEQUENTIAL VOTES POSTPONED IN COMMITTEE Puerto Rico; the gentleman from Alas- ican troops first landed in Puerto Rico OF THE WHOLE ka (Mr. YOUNG), as well as the gen- in 1898. This Monday was precisely the The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House tleman from California (Mr. MILLER). 81st anniversary of our citizenship. Resolution 376, proceedings will now As we take a look at the procedures Let us support this bill, and let us resume on those amendments on which here today, one of my greatest sorrows end colonial status for 3.8 million peo- further proceedings were postponed, in and I am sure one of the greatest sor- ple and finally make them full citizens the following order: rows of the people of Puerto Rico is to of this country with voting representa- An amendment offered by the gen- find that the most adamant and vocif- tion in this United States Congress. tleman from Florida (Mr. STEARNS); an ´ erous opponents of this bill have been, Mr. ROMERO-BARCELO. Mr. Chair- amendment offered by the gentleman one, a gentlewoman that was born in man, I move to strike the requisite from Georgia (Mr. BARR); and Amend- Puerto Rico and the other, a gen- number of words. ment No. 21, offered by the gentleman Mr. Chairman, I first of all would tleman that was not born in Puerto Rico but is from Puerto Rican extrac- from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ). like to thank the gentleman from Alas- The Chair will reduce to 5 minutes ka (Mr. YOUNG), the chairman of our tion, that they are opposing it at every instance, that the people of Puerto the time for any electronic vote after committee, for the dedicated amount the first vote in this series. of work that he has put into this bill. Rico have a chance for self-determina- AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. STEARNS He lived the frustrations of being a ter- tion. ritory, so he really believes in it and They have given a lot of reasons why The CHAIRMAN. The pending busi- feels it. The people of Puerto Rico, not this should not happen but it all boils ness is the request for a recorded vote only the people of Puerto Rico, the down that they oppose this bill. They on the amendment offered by the gen- people of this Nation will be grateful say that this bill is tilted toward state- tleman from Florida (Mr. STEARNS) on for the steps that we are taking here hood. That is not correct. This bill is which further proceedings were post- today, and I hope we take this step in not tilted toward statehood. This bill poned, and on which the noes prevailed the final passage of the bill. spells out the differences between by a voice vote. I want to thank the gentleman from statehood, between independence and The Clerk will designate the amend- between commonwealth. ment. California (Mr. MILLER), our ranking For the first time, for the first time member, also for the dedication that he The Clerk designated the amend- since Puerto Rico has been involved in too has put into this bill, for being in- ment. plebiscite and their status, they are strumental in doing away with all the RECORDED VOTE going to be voting on a bill that defines suspiciousness that reasonable people The CHAIRMAN. A recorded vote has commonwealth as what it is. I want to would have about this bill and the defi- been demanded. read the definition of commonwealth nitions. We worked hard and we feel A recorded vote was ordered. because so much has been said. No one that our chairman, our ranking mem- The vote was taken by electronic de- will disagree with this definition: vice, and there were—ayes 28, noes 384, ber and all of the members of the com- ‘‘Commonwealth. Puerto Rico should not voting 18, as follows: mittee were very careful in making retain commonwealth in which Puerto this bill a very, very serious and very Rico is joined in a relationship with [Roll No. 33] objective bill. and under the national sovereignty of AYES—28 I want to make also a special men- the United States. It is the policy of Bachus Jones Sensenbrenner tion, when we started this bill, I had the Congress that this relationship Campbell Kingston Shadegg my very serious differences with the Carson McIntosh Sherman should only be dissolved by mutual Combest Moran (KS) Smith, Linda gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- consent.’’ Cubin Paul Snowbarger MON), the chairman of the Committee That is a correct and precise state- Duncan Petri Souder on Rules. But as we have dealt with ment that was carefully drafted by our Herger Radanovich Stearns this bill, the gentleman from New York Horn Rohrabacher Taylor (NC) chairman and by the gentleman from Hunter Sanford has been a real gentleman. He has al- California (Mr. MILLER). Yes, I partici- Istook Schaffer, Bob ways kept his word. He has been a for- pated in the conversations. However, NOES—384 midable opponent in this bill, but I my decisions were not what made the must recognize that he has been a real Abercrombie Bentsen Brown (OH) final wording of this bill. Ackerman Bereuter Bryant gentleman. I would thank him for his ‘‘Two. Under this political relation- Aderholt Berry Bunning dedication, also, to his job. ship, Puerto Rico, like a State, is an Allen Bilirakis Burr The gentleman from Rhode Island Andrews Bishop Burton autonomous political entity, sovereign Archer Blagojevich Buyer (Mr. KENNEDY) and all the others that over matters not ruled by the Constitu- Armey Bliley Callahan have worked hard on this bill, I want tion of the United States. In the exer- Baesler Blumenauer Calvert to thank them all. cise of this sovereignty, the laws of the Baker Blunt Camp Baldacci Boehlert Canady In Puerto Rico, as I mentioned ear- commonwealth shall govern in Puerto lier, they are watching this on C- Ballenger Boehner Cannon Rico to the extent that they are con- Barcia Bonilla Cardin SPAN. I think this probably will be one sistent with the Constitution, the trea- Barr Bonior Castle of the most watched programs in Puer- ties and laws of the United States.’’ Barrett (NE) Borski Chabot to Rico for a long, long, long, long Barrett (WI) Boswell Chambliss b 2045 Bartlett Boucher Chenoweth time. Everybody is understanding what Barton Boyd Christensen is happening here. Those who do not Congress retains its constitutional Bass Brady Clay understand English, believe me, some authority to enact laws it deems nec- Bateman Brown (CA) Clayton relative or some friend or some fellow essary relating to Puerto Rico. Becerra Brown (FL) Clement H834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 Clyburn Hoekstra Neumann Tierney Waters White Petri Schaffer, Bob Spratt Coble Holden Ney Towns Watkins Whitfield Pitts Sensenbrenner Stearns Coburn Hooley Northup Traficant Watt (NC) Wicker Porter Shadegg Stump Collins Hostettler Norwood Turner Watts (OK) Wise Portman Shaw Sununu Condit Houghton Nussle Upton Waxman Wolf Pryce (OH) Shays Taylor (NC) Conyers Hoyer Oberstar Velazquez Weldon (FL) Woolsey Regula Sherman Thornberry Cook Hulshof Obey Vento Weldon (PA) Wynn Rogan Shuster Tiahrt Cooksey Hutchinson Olver Visclosky Weller Young (AK) Rogers Sisisky Upton Costello Hyde Ortiz Walsh Wexler Young (FL) Rohrabacher Smith (MI) Wamp Cox Inglis Owens Wamp Weygand Royce Smith (TX) Weldon (PA) Coyne Jackson (IL) Oxley Ryun Snowbarger Weller Cramer Jackson-Lee Packard NOT VOTING—18 Salmon Solomon Wicker Crane (TX) Pallone Berman Harman Schaefer, Dan Sanford Souder Wolf Crapo Jefferson Pappas Bilbray Kilpatrick Schiff Scarborough Spence Doolittle Luther Shimkus Cummings Jenkins Parker NOES—282 Cunningham John Pascrell Foley McDade Smith (OR) Danner Johnson (CT) Pastor Gonzalez Poshard Torres Abercrombie Foley McGovern Davis (FL) Johnson (WI) Paxon Granger Riggs Yates Ackerman Forbes McHale Davis (IL) Johnson, E. B. Payne Allen Ford McInnis Davis (VA) Johnson, Sam Pease b 2105 Andrews Fox McIntyre Deal Kanjorski Pelosi Bachus Frank (MA) McKeon DeFazio Kaptur Peterson (MN) Mr. BASS and Mr. WISE changed Baesler Franks (NJ) McKinney DeGette Kasich Peterson (PA) their vote from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ Baker Frelinghuysen McNulty Delahunt Kelly Pickering So the amendment was rejected. Baldacci Furse Meehan DeLauro Kennedy (MA) Pickett The result of the vote was announced Barcia Gallegly Meek (FL) DeLay Kennedy (RI) Pitts Barrett (WI) Ganske Meeks (NY) Deutsch Kennelly Pombo as above recorded. Bass Gejdenson Menendez Diaz-Balart Kildee Pomeroy ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE CHAIRMAN Becerra Gekas Mica Bentsen Gephardt Millender- Dickey Kim Porter The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to House Dicks Kind (WI) Portman Berry Gillmor McDonald Dingell King (NY) Price (NC) Resolution 376, the Chair announces Bilbray Gilman Miller (CA) Dixon Kleczka Pryce (OH) that he will reduce to a minimum of 5 Bilirakis Gordon Minge Doggett Klink Quinn Bishop Green Mink minutes the period of time within Blagojevich Gutierrez Moakley Dooley Klug Rahall which a vote by electronic device will Doyle Knollenberg Ramstad Bliley Hall (OH) Mollohan Dreier Kolbe Rangel be taken on each amendment on which Blumenauer Hamilton Moran (KS) Dunn Kucinich Redmond the Chair has postponed further pro- Blunt Hansen Moran (VA) Boehlert Hastert Morella Edwards LaFalce Regula ceedings. Ehlers LaHood Reyes Bonilla Hastings (FL) Murtha Ehrlich Lampson Riley AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. BARR OF GEORGIA Bonior Hefley Nadler Emerson Lantos Rivers Borski Hefner Neal The CHAIRMAN. The pending busi- Boswell Hilliard Nethercutt Engel Largent Rodriguez ness is the demand for a recorded vote Boucher Hinchey Nussle English Latham Roemer Boyd Hinojosa Oberstar Ensign LaTourette Rogan on the amendment offered by the gen- Brown (CA) Holden Obey Eshoo Lazio Rogers tleman from Georgia (Mr. BARR) on Brown (FL) Hooley Olver Etheridge Leach Ros-Lehtinen which further proceedings were post- Brown (OH) Houghton Ortiz Evans Levin Rothman poned and on which the noes prevailed Burr Hoyer Owens Everett Lewis (CA) Roukema Burton Hulshof Packard Ewing Lewis (GA) Roybal-Allard by voice vote. Buyer Hutchinson Pallone Farr Lewis (KY) Royce The Clerk will designate the amend- Calvert Jackson (IL) Pappas Fattah Linder Rush ment. Camp Jackson-Lee Parker Fawell Lipinski Ryun Campbell (TX) Pascrell Fazio Livingston Sabo The Clerk designated the amend- Cannon Jefferson Pastor Filner LoBiondo Salmon ment. Cardin John Payne Forbes Lofgren Sanchez RECORDED VOTE Carson Johnson (WI) Pelosi Ford Lowey Sanders Chabot Johnson, E. B. Peterson (MN) Fossella Lucas Sandlin The CHAIRMAN. A recorded vote has Clay Kanjorski Pickering Fowler Maloney (CT) Sawyer been demanded. Clayton Kaptur Pickett Fox Maloney (NY) Saxton A recorded vote was ordered. Clement Kasich Pombo Frank (MA) Manton Scarborough Clyburn Kelly Pomeroy Franks (NJ) Manzullo Schumer The CHAIRMAN. This is a 5-minute Condit Kennedy (MA) Price (NC) Frelinghuysen Markey Scott vote. Conyers Kennedy (RI) Quinn Frost Martinez Serrano The vote was taken by electronic de- Cook Kennelly Radanovich Furse Mascara Sessions vice, and there were—ayes 131, noes 282, Cooksey Kildee Rahall Gallegly Matsui Shaw Costello Kim Ramstad Ganske McCarthy (MO) Shays not voting 17, as follows: Cox Kind (WI) Rangel Gejdenson McCarthy (NY) Shuster [Roll No. 34] Coyne King (NY) Redmond Gekas McCollum Sisisky Cramer Kleczka Reyes Gephardt McCrery Skaggs AYES—131 Cummings Klink Riley Gibbons McDermott Skeen Aderholt Dickey Hyde Davis (FL) Kolbe Rivers Gilchrest McGovern Skelton Archer Dreier Inglis Davis (IL) Kucinich Rodriguez Gillmor McHale Slaughter Armey Duncan Istook Davis (VA) LaFalce Roemer Gilman McHugh Smith (MI) Ballenger Emerson Jenkins DeFazio LaHood Ros-Lehtinen Goode McInnis Smith (NJ) Barr Everett Johnson (CT) DeGette Lampson Rothman Goodlatte McIntyre Smith (TX) Barrett (NE) Ewing Johnson, Sam Delahunt Lantos Roukema Goodling McKeon Smith, Adam Bartlett Fawell Jones DeLauro Largent Roybal-Allard Gordon McKinney Snyder Barton Fossella Kingston DeLay Latham Rush Goss McNulty Solomon Bateman Fowler Klug Deutsch LaTourette Sabo Graham Meehan Spence Bereuter Gibbons Knollenberg Diaz-Balart Leach Sanchez Green Meek (FL) Spratt Boehner Gilchrest Lazio Dicks Levin Sanders Greenwood Meeks (NY) Stabenow Brady Goode Lewis (KY) Dingell Lewis (CA) Sandlin Gutierrez Menendez Stark Bryant Goodlatte Linder Dixon Lewis (GA) Sawyer Gutknecht Metcalf Stenholm Bunning Goodling Lipinski Doggett LoBiondo Saxton Hall (OH) Mica Stokes Callahan Goss Livingston Dooley Lofgren Schumer Hall (TX) Millender- Strickland Canady Graham McCrery Doyle Lowey Scott Hamilton McDonald Stump Castle Granger McHugh Dunn Lucas Serrano Hansen Miller (CA) Stupak Chambliss Greenwood McIntosh Edwards Maloney (CT) Sessions Hastert Miller (FL) Sununu Chenoweth Gutknecht Metcalf Ehlers Maloney (NY) Skaggs Hastings (FL) Minge Talent Christensen Hall (TX) Miller (FL) Ehrlich Manton Skeen Hastings (WA) Mink Tanner Coble Hastings (WA) Myrick Engel Manzullo Skelton Hayworth Moakley Tauscher Coburn Hayworth Neumann English Markey Slaughter Hefley Mollohan Tauzin Collins Herger Ney Ensign Martinez Smith (NJ) Hefner Moran (VA) Taylor (MS) Combest Hill Northup Eshoo Mascara Smith, Adam Hill Morella Thomas Crane Hilleary Norwood Etheridge Matsui Smith, Linda Hilleary Murtha Thompson Crapo Hobson Oxley Evans McCarthy (MO) Snyder Hilliard Myrick Thornberry Cubin Hoekstra Paul Fattah McCarthy (NY) Stabenow Hinchey Nadler Thune Cunningham Horn Paxon Fazio McCollum Stark Hinojosa Neal Thurman Danner Hostettler Pease Filner McDermott Stenholm Hobson Nethercutt Tiahrt Deal Hunter Peterson (PA) March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H835 Stokes Tierney Waxman Dooley Kennelly Peterson (PA) Wamp Weller Wolf Strickland Towns Weldon (FL) Doyle Kildee Petri Watkins Wexler Woolsey Stupak Traficant Wexler Dreier Kim Pickering Watt (NC) Weygand Wynn Talent Turner Weygand Duncan Kind (WI) Pickett Watts (OK) White Young (AK) Tanner Velazquez White Dunn King (NY) Pitts Waxman Whitfield Young (FL) Tauscher Vento Whitfield Edwards Kingston Pombo Weldon (FL) Wicker Tauzin Visclosky Wise Ehlers Kleczka Pomeroy Weldon (PA) Wise Taylor (MS) Walsh Woolsey Ehrlich Klink Porter ANSWERED ‘‘PRESENT’’—1 Thomas Waters Wynn Emerson Klug Portman Thompson Watkins Young (AK) Engel Knollenberg Price (NC) Waters Thune Watt (NC) Young (FL) English Kolbe Pryce (OH) Thurman Watts (OK) Ensign Kucinich Quinn NOT VOTING—14 Berman Luther Schiff NOT VOTING—17 Eshoo LaFalce Radanovich Etheridge LaHood Rahall Doolittle McDade Shimkus Berman Kilpatrick Schiff Evans Lampson Ramstad Gonzalez Poshard Smith (OR) Doolittle Luther Shimkus Everett Lantos Rangel Harman Riggs Yates Farr McDade Smith (OR) Ewing Largent Redmond Kilpatrick Schaefer, Dan Frost Poshard Torres Farr Latham Regula b Gonzalez Riggs Yates Fattah LaTourette Reyes 2122 Harman Schaefer, Dan Fawell Lazio Riley So the amendment was rejected. Fazio Leach Rivers The result of the vote was announced b 2112 Filner Levin Rodriguez Foley Lewis (CA) Roemer as above recorded. Mr. ENSIGN changed his vote from Forbes Lewis (GA) Rogan The CHAIRMAN. Are there any other ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ Ford Lewis (KY) Rogers amendments? So the amendment was rejected. Fossella Linder Rohrabacher Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Chairman, I The result of the vote was announced Fowler Lipinski Ros-Lehtinen Fox Livingston Rothman move to strike the last word. as above recorded. Frank (MA) LoBiondo Roukema Mr. Chairman, we have been on the Franks (NJ) Lofgren Roybal-Allard b 2115 floor since 10 o’clock this morning. We Frelinghuysen Lowey Royce have had a very, very good debate. The Frost Lucas Rush AMENDMENT NO. 21 OFFERED BY MR. GUTIERREZ Furse Maloney (CT) Ryun amendment process is over. The com- The CHAIRMAN. The pending busi- Gallegly Maloney (NY) Sabo mittee is about to rise. I just wanted to ness is the demand for a recorded vote Ganske Manton Salmon alert the body that there will be a re- on the amendment offered by the gen- Gejdenson Manzullo Sanchez Gekas Markey Sanders vote on the Solomon amendment as tleman from Illinois (Mr. GUTIERREZ) Gephardt Martinez Sandlin amended by Miller-Burton. That vote on which further proceedings were Gibbons Mascara Sanford has been requested by U.S. English and postponed and on which the noes pre- Gilchrest Matsui Sawyer those of us who do not want to see this vailed by voice vote. Gillmor McCarthy (MO) Saxton Gilman McCarthy (NY) Scarborough thing die. The Clerk will redesignate the Goode McCollum Schaffer, Bob Mr. Chairman, I would just read a amendment. Goodlatte McCrery Schumer couple of paragraphs out of this letter The Clerk redesignated the amend- Goodling McDermott Scott from U.S. English. It says, ‘‘There has ment. Gordon McGovern Sensenbrenner Goss McHale Serrano been much confusion over U.S. Eng- RECORDED VOTE Graham McHugh Sessions lish’s position concerning the amend- The CHAIRMAN. A recorded vote has Granger McInnis Shadegg ment introduced by Representatives Green McIntosh Shaw Burton, Miller, and Young. U.S. been demanded. Greenwood McIntyre Shays A recorded vote was ordered. Gutknecht McKeon Sherman English wishes to clarify this matter.’’ The CHAIRMAN. This will be a 5- Hall (OH) McKinney Shuster Mr. Chairman, they go on to say that minute vote. Hall (TX) McNulty Sisisky the Burton-Miller amendment is mean- Hamilton Meehan Skaggs ingless and has absolutely no legal ef- The vote was taken by electronic de- Hansen Meek (FL) Skeen vice, and there were—ayes 2, noes 413, Hastert Meeks (NY) Skelton fect. They go on to say that U.S. answered ‘‘present’’ 1, not voting 14, as Hastings (FL) Menendez Slaughter English strongly supports the Solomon Hastings (WA) Metcalf Smith (MI) amendment as originally introduced, follows: Hayworth Mica Smith (NJ) [Roll No. 35] Hefley Millender- Smith (TX) and should the Solomon amendment be AYES—2 Hefner McDonald Smith, Adam re-voted on in the full House, that they Herger Miller (CA) Smith, Linda would ask for a ‘‘no’’ vote on the Solo- Gutierrez Velazquez Hill Miller (FL) Snowbarger mon amendment as amended, and I too Hilleary Minge Snyder NOES—413 Hilliard Mink Solomon will ask for a ‘‘no’’ vote on that when Abercrombie Bonilla Coburn Hinchey Moakley Souder it is re-voted. Ackerman Bonior Collins Hinojosa Mollohan Spence At the same time, I would rise in op- Aderholt Borski Combest Hobson Moran (KS) Spratt Allen Boswell Condit Hoekstra Moran (VA) Stabenow position to the bill. I think Members Andrews Boucher Conyers Holden Morella Stark all must revisit it one more time. Archer Boyd Cook Hooley Murtha Stearns Without the Solomon amendment lan- Armey Brady Cooksey Horn Myrick Stenholm guage in the bill, anyone anywhere in Bachus Brown (CA) Costello Hostettler Nadler Stokes Baesler Brown (FL) Cox Houghton Neal Strickland the United States can challenge Fed- Baker Brown (OH) Coyne Hoyer Nethercutt Stump eral and individual State laws and dec- Baldacci Bryant Cramer Hulshof Neumann Stupak larations of English as the official lan- Ballenger Bunning Crane Hunter Ney Sununu Barcia Burr Crapo Hutchinson Northup Talent guage. This opens up Pandora’s box, Barr Burton Cubin Hyde Norwood Tanner should the bill ever become law with- Barrett (NE) Buyer Cummings Inglis Nussle Tauscher out that amendment. I think we all Barrett (WI) Callahan Cunningham Istook Oberstar Tauzin should consider that. Bartlett Calvert Danner Jackson (IL) Obey Taylor (MS) Barton Camp Davis (FL) Jackson-Lee Olver Taylor (NC) Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Chair- Bass Campbell Davis (IL) (TX) Ortiz Thomas man, I move to strike the last word. Bateman Canady Davis (VA) Jefferson Owens Thompson Mr. Chairman, I want to thank all of Becerra Cannon Deal Jenkins Oxley Thornberry my colleagues that participated in the Bentsen Cardin DeFazio John Packard Thune Bereuter Carson DeGette Johnson (CT) Pallone Thurman debate. They have worked from 10 Berry Castle Delahunt Johnson (WI) Pappas Tiahrt o’clock this morning until the night on Bilbray Chabot DeLauro Johnson, E. B. Parker Tierney this historical moment. Much has been Bilirakis Chambliss DeLay Johnson, Sam Pascrell Torres Bishop Chenoweth Deutsch Jones Pastor Towns said about this bill. A lot of it true; Blagojevich Christensen Diaz-Balart Kanjorski Paul Traficant some of it not so true. Bliley Clay Dickey Kaptur Paxon Turner But I would ask Members in your Blumenauer Clayton Dicks Kasich Payne Upton hearts to think about one thing for one Blunt Clement Dingell Kelly Pease Vento Boehlert Clyburn Dixon Kennedy (MA) Pelosi Visclosky moment. We are being asked to re-vote Boehner Coble Doggett Kennedy (RI) Peterson (MN) Walsh on an amendment that was offered by H836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 4, 1998 the gentleman from New York (Mr. In section 3, amend subsection (b) to read [Roll No. 36] SOLOMON). And if Members defeat the as follows: AYES—240 Solomon amendment, they are left (b) OFFICIAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE.—In the Abercrombie Gejdenson Mollohan with the language in the bill. Keep that event that a referendum held under this Act Ackerman Gekas Moran (VA) in mind. results in approval of sovereignty leading to Allen Gephardt Morella Statehood, upon accession to Statehood, the Andrews Gilchrest Murtha Mr. Chairman, I started this process official language requirements of the Federal Baldacci Gillmor Nadler over 4 years ago. I have had the hear- Government would apply to Puerto Rico in Barcia Gilman Neal ings. I have done it the right way. I the same manner and to the same extent as Barrett (NE) Gordon Nussle Barrett (WI) Granger Oberstar want to thank the leadership on my throughout the United States. Barton Green Obey side of the aisle and the leadership on Add at the end of section 3 the following Becerra Greenwood Olver that side of the aisle for allowing this new subsection: Bentsen Hall (OH) Ortiz Bereuter Hamilton Owens debate to begin. This is just one small (c) ENGLISH LANGUAGE EMPOWERMENT.—It Berry Hastings (FL) Oxley step, as I said earlier in the day. This is in the best interest of the Nation for Puer- Bishop Hefner Pallone is one small step to bring justice to to Rico to promote the teaching of English Blagojevich Hilliard Pascrell America and to the Puerto Rican peo- as the language of opportunity and empower- Blumenauer Hinchey Pastor ple. I believe it is crucially important ment in the United States in order to enable Boehlert Hinojosa Payne students in public schools to achieve English Bonilla Hooley Pelosi as we go into the year 2000. language proficiency by the age of 10. Bonior Hostettler Peterson (MN) Borski Houghton Pomeroy Mr. Chairman, I think it is the best In section 4(a), in the referendum language thing we can do for democracy and for Boswell Hoyer Price (NC) for Statehood, amend paragraph (7) to read Boucher Hulshof Quinn this great Nation. I thank you for the as follows: Boyd Jackson (IL) Radanovich indulgence. I gave my word. I gave my ‘‘(7) Official English language require- Brown (CA) Jackson-Lee Rahall commitment that we would bring this ments of the Federal Government apply in Brown (FL) (TX) Rangel bill to the floor for America and the Puerto Rico to the same extent as Federal Brown (OH) Jefferson Redmond law requires throughout the United States.’’. Burton John Reyes Puerto Rican people. This is the legis- Campbell Johnson (WI) Rivers lative process. This is how this House In subparagraph (C) of section 4(B)(1), Cannon Johnson, E. B. Rodriguez should work. Not behind closed doors, strike ‘‘(C) Additionally,’’ and all that fol- Cardin Kanjorski Roemer not by secret meetings, but open de- lows through ‘‘(ii) the effective date’’ and in- Carson Kaptur Ros-Lehtinen sert the following: Castle Kelly Rothman bate, discussing the merits, the cons (C) Additionally, in the event of a vote in Christensen Kennedy (MA) Roybal-Allard and the pros of legislation that decides favor of continued United States sovereignty Clay Kennedy (RI) Rush the destiny of this great Nation. Clayton Kennelly Sabo leading to Statehood, the transition plan re- Clement Kildee Sanchez I am asking my colleagues to vote quired by this subsection shall— Clyburn Kim Sanders ‘‘yes’’ on the Burton-Miller-Young bill (i) include proposals and incentives to in- Condit Kind (WI) Sandlin as they voted before. crease the opportunities of the people of Conyers King (NY) Sawyer Puerto Rico to expand their English pro- Cook Kleczka Saxton b 2130 ficiency in order to promote and facilitate Costello Klink Schumer communication with residents of all other Coyne Kolbe Scott I am asking my colleagues to vote Cramer Kucinich Serrano yes on the amendment offered by the States of the United States and with the Cummings LaFalce Shaw Federal Government, including teaching in gentleman from New York (Mr. SOLO- Danner Lampson Sherman English in public schools, awarding fellow- Davis (FL) Lantos Skaggs MON), my good friend, as he asked you ships and scholarships, and providing grants Davis (IL) Lazio Skeen to do. I am asking them to vote yes on to organizations located in various commu- DeFazio Leach Skelton final passage so we can begin this ven- nities that have, as a purpose, the promotion DeGette Levin Slaughter ture into future generations. of English language skills; Delahunt Lewis (GA) Smith (NJ) DeLauro Lofgren Smith (TX) The CHAIRMAN. The question is on (ii) promote the use of English by the Deutsch Lowey Smith, Adam the amendment in the nature of a sub- United States citizens in Puerto Rico in Diaz-Balart Maloney (CT) Snyder stitute, as amended. order to ensure— Dicks Maloney (NY) Spratt The amendment in the nature of a (I) efficiency in the conduct and coordina- Dingell Manton Stabenow tion of the official business activities of the Dixon Markey Stark substitute, as amended, was agreed to. Federal and State Governments; Doggett Martinez Stokes The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the (II) that the citizens possess the language Dooley Mascara Strickland Committee rises. Doyle Matsui Stupak skill necessary to contribute to and partici- Edwards McCarthy (MO) Tanner Accordingly the Committee rose; and pate in all aspects of the Nation; and Ehlers McCarthy (NY) Tauscher the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. BONILLA) (III) the ability of all citizens of Puerto Ehrlich McCollum Tauzin having assumed the chair, Mr. DIAZ- Rico to take full advantage of the opportuni- Engel McDermott Taylor (MS) English McGovern Thompson ALART ties and responsibilities accorded to all citi- B , Chairman of the Committee of Eshoo McHale Thurman the Whole House on the State of the zens, including education, economic activi- ties, occupational opportunities, and civic Etheridge McHugh Tierney Union, reported that that Committee, Evans McInnis Torres affairs; and having had under consideration the bill Ewing McIntyre Turner (iii) include the effective date Farr McKeon Vento (H.R. 856) to provide a process leading Fattah McKinney Visclosky to full self-government for Puerto Mr. SOLOMON (during the reading). Fazio McNulty Walsh Rico, pursuant to House Resolution 376, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Filner Meehan Waters he reported the bill back to the House that the amendment be considered as Foley Meek (FL) Watt (NC) read and printed in the RECORD. Forbes Meeks (NY) Waxman with an amendment adopted by the Ford Mica Wexler Committee of the Whole. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Fossella Millender- Weygand The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under objection to the request of the gen- Fox McDonald Wise tleman from New York? Frank (MA) Miller (CA) Woolsey the rule, the previous question is or- Frost Minge Wynn dered. There was no objection. Furse Mink Young (AK) Is a separate vote demanded on the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Gallegly Moakley amendment to the amendment in the question is on the amendment. NOES—177 nature of a substitute adopted by the The question was taken; and the Aderholt Bliley Chambliss Committee of the Whole? Speaker pro tempore announced that Archer Blunt Chenoweth Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I de- the ayes appeared to have it. Armey Boehner Coble mand a vote on the so-called Solomon Bachus Brady Coburn RECORDED VOTE Baesler Bryant Collins amendment, as amended. Baker Bunning Combest The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I de- Ballenger Burr Cooksey Clerk will report the amendment on mand a recorded vote. Barr Buyer Cox Bartlett Callahan Crane which a separate vote has been de- A recorded vote was ordered. Bass Calvert Crapo manded. The vote was taken by electronic de- Bateman Camp Cubin The Clerk read as follows: vice, and there were—ayes 240, noes 177, Bilbray Canady Cunningham Bilirakis Chabot Davis (VA) Amendment: not voting 13, as follows: March 4, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H837 Deal Klug Rohrabacher Barrett (WI) Gilchrest Murtha Horn Myrick Shays DeLay Knollenberg Roukema Becerra Gilman Nadler Hostettler Nethercutt Sherman Dickey LaHood Royce Bentsen Granger Neal Houghton Neumann Shuster Dreier Largent Ryun Bishop Green Oberstar Hulshof Ney Sisisky Duncan Latham Salmon Blagojevich Hall (OH) Olver Hunter Northup Skelton Dunn LaTourette Sanford Blumenauer Hamilton Ortiz Hutchinson Norwood Smith (MI) Emerson Lewis (CA) Scarborough Boehlert Hastings (FL) Owens Hyde Nussle Smith (OR) Ensign Lewis (KY) Schaffer, Bob Bonilla Hefner Pallone Inglis Obey Smith (TX) Everett Linder Sensenbrenner Bonior Hilliard Parker Istook Oxley Smith, Linda Fawell Lipinski Sessions Borski Hinchey Pascrell Jenkins Packard Snowbarger Fowler Livingston Shadegg Boswell Hinojosa Pastor Johnson (CT) Pappas Solomon Franks (NJ) LoBiondo Shays Boucher Holden Payne Johnson (WI) Paul Souder Frelinghuysen Lucas Shuster Boyd Hooley Pelosi Johnson, Sam Paxon Spence Ganske Manzullo Sisisky Brown (CA) Hoyer Peterson (PA) Jones Pease Stabenow Gibbons McCrery Smith (MI) Brown (FL) Jackson (IL) Pombo Kaptur Peterson (MN) Stearns Goode McIntosh Smith (OR) Brown (OH) Jackson-Lee Pomeroy Kasich Petri Strickland Goodlatte Menendez Smith, Linda Burton (TX) Price (NC) Kind (WI) Pickering Stump Goodling Metcalf Snowbarger Buyer Jefferson Quinn Kingston Pickett Sununu Goss Miller (FL) Solomon Calvert John Rahall Kleczka Pitts Talent Graham Moran (KS) Souder Cannon Johnson, E. B. Rangel Klug Porter Tanner Gutierrez Myrick Spence Cardin Kanjorski Redmond Knollenberg Portman Taylor (NC) Gutknecht Nethercutt Stearns Carson Kelly Reyes LaHood Pryce (OH) Thomas Hall (TX) Neumann Stenholm Clay Kennedy (MA) Rodriguez Largent Radanovich Thornberry Hansen Ney Stump Clayton Kennedy (RI) Roemer Latham Ramstad Thune Hastert Northup Sununu Clement Kennelly Ros-Lehtinen LaTourette Regula Tiahrt Hastings (WA) Norwood Talent Clyburn Kildee Rothman Lewis (CA) Riley Towns Hayworth Packard Taylor (NC) Condit Kim Roybal-Allard Lewis (KY) Rivers Traficant Hefley Pappas Thomas Conyers King (NY) Sabo Linder Rogan Upton Herger Parker Thornberry Cooksey Klink Sanchez Lipinski Rogers Velazquez Hill Paul Thune Coyne Kolbe Sanders Livingston Rohrabacher Wamp Hilleary Paxon Tiahrt Cummings Kucinich Sandlin LoBiondo Roukema Watkins Hobson Pease Towns Davis (FL) LaFalce Sawyer Lucas Royce Watts (OK) Hoekstra Peterson (PA) Traficant Davis (VA) Lampson Saxton Manzullo Rush Weldon (FL) Holden Petri Upton DeFazio Lantos Schumer McCrery Ryun Weldon (PA) Horn Pickering Velazquez DeGette Lazio Scott McHugh Salmon Weller Hunter Pickett Wamp Delahunt Leach Serrano McInnis Sanford White Hutchinson Pitts Watkins DeLauro Levin Skaggs McIntosh Scarborough Whitfield Hyde Pombo Watts (OK) DeLay Lewis (GA) Skeen McIntyre Schaffer, Bob Wicker Inglis Porter Weldon (FL) Deutsch Lofgren Slaughter Menendez Sensenbrenner Wolf Istook Portman Weldon (PA) Diaz-Balart Lowey Smith (NJ) Metcalf Sessions Young (FL) Jenkins Pryce (OH) Weller Dicks Maloney (CT) Smith, Adam Miller (FL) Shadegg Johnson (CT) Ramstad White Dingell Maloney (NY) Snyder Moran (KS) Shaw Johnson, Sam Regula Whitfield Dixon Manton Spratt Jones Riley Wicker Doggett Markey Stark NOT VOTING—13 Kasich Rogan Wolf Dooley Martinez Stenholm Berman Luther Schiff Kingston Rogers Young (FL) Doyle Mascara Stokes Doolittle McDade Shimkus Edwards Matsui Stupak Gonzalez Poshard Yates NOT VOTING—13 Ehlers McCarthy (MO) Tauscher Harman Riggs Berman Luther Schiff Engel McCarthy (NY) Tauzin Kilpatrick Schaefer, Dan Doolittle McDade Shimkus English McCollum Taylor (MS) Gonzalez Poshard Yates Eshoo McDermott Thompson b 2207 Harman Riggs Etheridge McGovern Thurman Kilpatrick Schaefer, Dan Evans McHale Tierney The Clerk announced the following Farr McKeon Torres pair: b 2147 Fattah McKinney Turner On this vote: Fazio McNulty Vento Mr. BENTSEN and Mr. HILLIARD Filner Meehan Visclosky Mr. McDade for, with Mr. Riggs against. changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ Foley Meek (FL) Walsh Mr. FOSSELLA and Mr. RUSH So the amendment, as amended, was Forbes Meeks (NY) Waters Ford Mica Watt (NC) changed their vote from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ agreed to. Frank (MA) Millender- Waxman Mr. PETERSON of Pennsylvania and The result of the vote was announced Franks (NJ) McDonald Wexler Mr. POMEROY changed their vote as above recorded. Frelinghuysen Miller (CA) Weygand from ‘‘no’’ to ‘‘aye.’’ The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Frost Minge Wise Furse Mink Woolsey So the bill was passed. BONILLA). The question is on the Gallegly Moakley Wynn The result of the vote was announced amendment in the nature of a sub- Gejdenson Mollohan Young (AK) as above recorded. stitute. Gekas Moran (VA) Gephardt Morella A motion to reconsider was laid on The amendment in the nature of a the table. substitute was agreed to. NOES—208 f The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Aderholt Castle Ewing question is on engrossment and third Archer Chabot Fawell ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER reading of the bill. Armey Chambliss Fossella PRO TEMPORE The bill was ordered to be engrossed Bachus Chenoweth Fowler Baesler Christensen Fox The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. and read a third time, and was read the Baker Coble Ganske BONILLA). The Chair will remind all third time. Ballenger Coburn Gibbons persons in the gallery that they are The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Barr Collins Gillmor Barrett (NE) Combest Goode here as guests of the House and that question is on the passage of the bill. Bartlett Cook Goodlatte any manifestation of approval or dis- The question was taken; and the Barton Costello Goodling approval of proceedings are in viola- Speaker pro tempore announced that Bass Cox Gordon tion of the rules of the House. the noes appeared to have it. Bateman Cramer Goss Bereuter Crane Graham f RECORDED VOTE Berry Crapo Greenwood Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Speak- Bilbray Cubin Gutierrez REPORT ON PAYMENTS TO CUBA Bilirakis Cunningham Gutknecht PURSUANT TO CUBAN DEMOC- er, I demand a recorded vote. Bliley Danner Hall (TX) A recorded vote was ordered. Blunt Davis (IL) Hansen RACY ACT OF 1992—MESSAGE The vote was taken by electronic de- Boehner Deal Hastert FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE vice, and there were—ayes 209, noes 208, Brady Dickey Hastings (WA) UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 105– Bryant Dreier Hayworth 221) not voting 13, as follows: Bunning Duncan Hefley [Roll No. 37] Burr Dunn Herger The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- Callahan Ehrlich Hill fore the House the following message AYES—209 Camp Emerson Hilleary Abercrombie Allen Baldacci Campbell Ensign Hobson from the President of the United Ackerman Andrews Barcia Canady Everett Hoekstra States; which was read and, without