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Higgins Family Habent sua fata libelli Early Modern Studies Series General Editor Michael Wolfe Queens College, CUNY Editorial Board of Early Modern Studies Elaine Beilin Mary B. McKinley Framingham State College University of Virginia Christopher Celenza Raymond A. Mentzer Johns Hopkins University University of Iowa Barbara B. Diefendorf Robert V. Schnucker Boston University Truman State University, Emeritus Paula Findlen Nicholas Terpstra Stanford University University of Toronto Scott H. Hendrix Margo Todd Princeton Theological Seminary University of Pennsylvania Jane Campbell Hutchison James Tracy University of Wisconsin– Madison University of Minnesota Merry Wiesner- Hanks University of Wisconsin– Milwaukee BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 2 6/15/17 9:03 AM Early Modern Studies 20 Truman State University Press Kirksville, Missouri BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 3 6/15/17 9:03 AM Copyright © 2017 Kirsten Uszkalo / Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri, 63501 All rights reserved tsup.truman.edu Cover art: A little girl stands in a room working with a needle and thread. Etching by Bou- lard the younger (1852– 1927) after Laura Alma Tadema. Wellcome Library, London (ICV No. 39360), Creative Commons License. Cover design: Teresa Wheeler Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Uszkalo, Kirsten C., 1973– author. Title: Being bewitched : a true tale of madness, witchcraft, and property development gone wrong / Kirsten C. Uszkalo. Description: Kirksville, MO : Truman State University Press, 2017. | Series: Early modern studies ; 20 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016048481 (print) | LCCN 2017003685 (ebook) | ISBN 9781612481654 (library binding : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781612481661 Subjects: LCSH: Witchcraft—England—London—History—17th century. | Jennings, Elizabeth, active 1622. Classification: LCC BF1581 .Z7 2017 (print) | LCC BF1581 (ebook) | DDC 133.4/30942109032—ººdc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016048481 No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means with- out written permission from the publisher. The paper in this publication meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48– 1992. BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 4 6/15/17 9:03 AM Soo at this end of that Booke the Dr. questions relating to the nature of this Disease; & how to ease hir; and whither she were bewitched, or only troubled with the Epilipsie of the Mother. —Elias Ashmole, Autograph commentary on BL MS 36674 (1690) BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 5 6/15/17 9:03 AM Contents List of Illustrations | x Principal Dramatis Personæ | xi Genealogical Charts | xv Maps | xix Chronology | xxi Introduction: “My mother sawe her in the kitchin” | 1 Provenance and Pattern Chapter 1: The Background: Landed Power, Lunacy, and Libraries | 16 Power in the Land The Lunatic Lord Being in Thistleworth Chapter 2: Blood Evidence: Sickness in the Blood | 34 Summoning Simeon Foxe Mentioning Margaret Russell Chapter 3: Comparables: Familial Witchcraft | 51 Scandalized Cecils Bad Manners Chapter 4: Models and Accusations for Being Bewitched | 67 Dazzling Demoniacs Preternatural Authority Chapter 5: Tensions: Prohibitions and Projects | 87 Lawmen and Long Acre Langford, Churchill, Fenlands G Gvii BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 7 6/15/17 9:03 AM Gviii Contents Chapter 6: Tensions: Magics and Medicines | 107 Gunpowder Alley Black and White Court Clerkenwell and Newgate The Female Physician Chapter 7: The New Suspect: The Apothecary | 129 The House of Higgins Piccadillies and Piccadilly Chapter 8: Witnesses and Persons of Interest, Bedside & Barside | 149 Frequent Visitors Ordinary Visitors Chapter 9: Wrap Up: The Final Expert Assessment | 164 Richard Napier Chapter 10: Post- bewitchment: Elizabeth Jenyns of St. Mary le Savoy | 172 “East, west, north and south, all these lye” Conclusion: “They had power over all them” | 180 Appendix 1: “Of Elizabeth Jennings being bewitched,” 1622 | 187 Appendix 2: Indictments, 27 October 1616 and 3 December 1616 | 195 Appendix 3: Napier on Elizabeth Jennings, 1622 | 198 Appendix 4: Napier on Bulbeck, Arpe, and Latch, 1623 | 200 Appendix 5: John Latch’s Signature, 1620, 1622 | 202 Bibliography | 203 Index | 225 About the Author | 231 BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 8 6/15/17 9:03 AM Illustrations A. Map A: Detail of John Roque, Map of London, 1746, showing Marga- ret Russell’s area of activity. Courtesy of the Motco Project, Guild- ford, UK (www.motco.com). | xx B. Map B: Detail of John Roque, Map of London, 1746, showing devel- opment areas in vicinity of Piccadilly (Higgins/Baker family), Long Acre (William Slingsby and Thomas Cecil), and the Strand. Courtesy of the Motco Project, Guildford, UK (www.motco.com). | xxi 1. Detail of from Andrew Dury & John Andrews, A Topographical Map of Hertfordshire, 1766 (Reprint, London, 1782), showing the location of Saundridge in Hertfordshire. Courtesy of Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE DD- 2987 (2220 B, 1– 9). | 19 2. Holywell House, Hertfordshire, from John Britton, The Beauties of England and Wales or Original Delineations Topographical, Historical and Descriptive of each County Embellished with Engravings, vol. 9 (Hertfordshire by London, 1807). | 21 3. The Jennings family’s coat of arms, from John Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 3 (London: R. Bentley, 1836), page 582. | 22 4. The Parish Church of St. Helen, Ainderby Steeple. Photo by Kreuzsch- nabel, 2013. Wikimedia Commons/GNU Free Documentation License. | 27 5. Former rectory, Congresbury © Copyright Derek Harper and licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons License. | 28 G G ix BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 9 6/15/17 9:03 AM Gx Illustrations 6. Syon House (present day). Photo by Maxwell Hamilton, 2009. Wiki- media Commons/Creative Commons License. | 32 7. The Coat of Arms for the College of Physicians, ca. 1546, Lasdun Building, Regent’s Park. From History of Medicine Topographical Database/Creative Commons License. | 43 8. The Latch family crest, signaling John Latch’s work on the Fenlands drainage project. | 101 9. The Latch Monument in Churchill, purportedly representing John Latch and Sarah Latch (or Dorothy Jennings) and their children. Image courtesy of Chris Lee. | 103 10. Either Sarah Latch or Dorothy Jennings, detail of the Latch Monu- ment. Image courtesy of Chris Lee. | 104 11. Newgate, from Old London Illustrated: A Series of Drawings by the late H. W. Brewer, illustrating London in the XVIth century . (London: The Builder, 1921). | 119 12. Coat of Arms for the Society of Apothecaries, ca. 1620, from C. R. B. Barrett, The History of the Society of Apothecaries of London (London: Elliot Stock, 1903). | 132 13. Queen’s Chapel of the Savoy: A Royal Peculiar. Photo by Neddyseadragon, 2007. Wikimedia Commons/GNU Free Documen- tation License. | 174 14. John Latch’s signatures, from the Records of the Exchequer, and its related bodies, with those of the Office of First Fruits and Tenths, and the Court of Augmentations 18 James I (1620– 1621). | 202 BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 10 6/15/17 9:03 AM Principal Dramatis Personæ Jennings Family Elizabeth Jennings: bewitched or hysterical thirteen- year- old daughter of John Jennings and Dorothy (Bulbeck) Jennings, stepdaughter to John Latch; accused Margaret Russell (and three others) of witchcraft Dorothy Jennings: mother of Elizabeth and Thomas Latch (and others), wife of John Jennings, then of John Latch, daughter of Thomas Bul- beck and Ursula (Grey) Bulbeck John Jennings: “the Lunatic Lord,” father to Elizabeth and John Jennings Thomas Jennings: brother to Elizabeth, stepbrother to Franke, son of John Latch and Dorothy Jennings; later business partner to John Latch John Latch: stepfather to Elizabeth and Thomas and father to Franke, sec- ond husband to Dorothy Jennings, later business partner of Thomas Jennings Franke Latch: daughter of Dorothy Jennings and John Latch, stepsister to Elizabeth and Thomas Latch Cecil Family Robert Cecil: 1st Earl of Salisbury, half brother to Thomas Cecil; watched over the division of the Jennings estate Thomas Cecil: 1st Earl of Exeter, husband to Frances Brydges, father of William, Elizabeth, and Georgi- Anne Frances Brydges: second wife of Thomas Cecil, mother of Georgi- Anne; accused of witchcraft by her daughter- in- law Elizabeth (Brydges) Cecil G G xi BeingBewitched-Uszkalo.indb 11 6/15/17 9:03 AM Gxii Principal Dramatis Personæ Georgi- Anne Cecil: daughter of Thomas Cecil and Frances Brydges; died from phlebotomy Higgins Family Stephen Higgins: apothecary, master to Nicholas Culpeper; physician to Mary Gargrave and Robert Cecil; builder; fought with and accused by Russell of bewitching the Jennings/Latch home Mary Higgins (the elder): wife of Stephen Higgins; made comment about Jennings/Latch family not able to prosper because of the fallout of ongoing feud between families Arnold Higgins: son of Stephen Higgins; builder; fought with Jennings/ Latch family Mary Higgins (the younger): daughter of Stephen Higgins; wife of devel- oper Robert Baker Robert Baker: husband to Mary Higgins Jr.; prosperous tailor; popular- ized piccadilles; builder Goodcole Family Anne Goodcole: female physician; previously prescribed Elizabeth medi- cine; had knowledge of conflict between Higgins and Jennings house; wife of Henry Goodcole Henry Goodcole: author of famous witch text; regular visitor at
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