Maneuver Center of Excellence (Mcoe) Libraries Mcoe HQ Donovan Research Library Fort Benning, Georgia
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Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE) Libraries MCoE HQ Donovan Research Library Fort Benning, Georgia Report date: 1944 Title: Air Invasion of Holland, IX Troop Carrier Command Report on Operation Market Author: 1st Allied Airborne Army Abstract: Operations in Holland, September-November 1944. Enclosure No. 1: Headquarters Airborne Corps (British): Airborne operations in Holland, September-October 1944; Enclosure No. 2: 1st Airborne Division (British) report on Operation Market; Enclosure No. 3: XVIII Corps, United States Airborne, report on Operation Market, Airborne phase, containing the separate reports of the 82nd and 101st Airborne divisions; Enclosure No. 4: IX Troop Carrier Command, Operation Market, air invasion of Holland; and Enclosure No. 5, IX Troop Carrier Command, Supply by air, France, Belgium, and Holland. Number of pages: 124 p. Notes: From the MCoE HQ Donovan Research Library, Fort Benning, GA. Documents collection. Call #: D767.67 .A21_no.2 Classification: Unclassified; Approved for public release 4t4 ' 14 hs"W., n Jfr w -w = Alt INAION 4 Ix TOOP CAQIZi C.OMMAND 2IPOR T ON 0P LDNTI1 ON MARXLT AUTHOR IZAT ION FORFO F, REPRODUCTION BY AUTH: C. IXTC.C. DATE: ?- - ,.* NOL DATE WAPM 51s: !d4.94 IO1A- bk aow %mai INTRQODUCTION I. MARKET us the code ams given to the Air Invasion of HOLLAND by First Allied Airborne Army. the Operation MaUET a the seventh najor airborne operation participated in by Troop Carrier Forces in the Vediterranean Theater of Opentions and the European Theater of Opera tios under the camnd General PAUL L. WILLIAMS. of lbajor Operation MARC? offered the first privilege for Troop Carrier Command IX to participate in acttal cabat as the Tak the First Allied Airborne Air Force of ArWy unde the commnd of Lieutenant General L3115 H. U EU For Operation MUT t General ETON designz ted lbJor General PAMI L. WTILLIA as the Air Thak Force Cownder, placing hunder him all units of IX Troop Carrier Command, 38 and 46 Groaps (W), together Eighth t*th bomber aircraft of Air Force which were utilized for resupply missions. Lieutmnt'Geoneral F1 A. M. NKMNDC ua desinted Comnder of the Airborne Forces involved. 2. Opeation MARKT represents the largest, to date, of all troop carrier employmnt in this ur in numbers of troops, tonnage and overall of upplies, equijaent, air effort in one opeation. Itws also the most hazardous from Point of view of enemy resistance an eu capabilities, both air and The counge, deteriation poutd. and high sense of duty of Troop Carrier Comlat resulted in the highest Crews praise from airborne coanders and others who particit sated* Although ultimate sucess was not achieved as planned due to the inability of units of the British 2nd Arly to contact the British 1st Airborne Division at ANEW, the entire troop earrier airborne effort me, without a doubt, a sa-gs lng blow to the enemy and a severe tkrat to the industrial area Operation MARKET of the RUE was higly successful from a troop earrner point #erlal delivery of of view. The troops and supplies as eecuted with superior efficiency. Los.of aircraftand personnel rested at 2*59 for the total number of sorties flom. Reclamation of gliders from the coatna uas far higher than in any previous operation. itcuation of glider pilots brought out a number of new Possibilities as to their employment in future taskso The air work of 1roopIX Carrier Comnd rem mned at ai high level, heformatin of intevals,although were god, thetmn precise and close, produced a rapid concentration brnew troops and Imdate of atr- saturation of enemy held positions on the r d. 3. Ap in various new ideas for effective employmat of Troop Carrier Forces Rave arisen from experiences ipined in an opera tion* The employment of Carrier Forces during daylight Trop been hours emerged as a triumpta nt success after Raving previously conezmed because teared effectiveness of enemy action during air and putt daylight hours. large nmbers of supporting aircraft mperior provided escort cover and protection from enemy gound installations, supporting These operations andforees are deserveviewed ach of the credit for the success of Troop Carrier with great adiration by the combat crews of the IX Troop Carrier Command. 4, It is the intention of this coamand to expeM its eapebilities alon both the tactineal and nontetieal lines by acquiring C-109 type aircraft in order to assist in the delivery of pseoline froma the thited Kinn a to the Con- t and at the sam tim, provide opportunity for Trop Carrier crews to 0-1 Smm to check out on fu-engine aircraft. Two hundred (200) 0-46 type aircraft be tactically have been allocated to the IX Troop Cerrer Comand and will employed and the desired proficiency of comlat crews attained. it is hoped 5. Tests of the CG-l3 gliders are being ocuducted, and these will soon be atilable for tactical mployment. made employient 6. Steady progress and continuous study is being for pathfinder units and of arious types of radar and radio equiiunt for use by combat crews. ined from Operation It should be remembered that the experience 7. carrier tactical MARKET will not necessarily form the pattern for future troop techniques. However, it operations as opportunity tasks ny require different Army rea ch out across usa exptremely gratifying to see the Allied Airborne has definitely cemented Germany held HaLLAD and prove its great worth. It Army and will help Troop Carrier and Airborne Troops relation as an Airborne to undertake future tasks with the confidence of experience. otto ai~at~ A Abb- MAW £2!INZE_ INmODUCTICZ Page 4 GEURM Mission, Order of Battle. Commnd and control. II. PLALM 9 Routes. Nviaptiomal aids,, Timing, Altitudes, Speeds, Hope drops, hayloads, wations, Emergency landing IIi. fields, Erasire Action, hilure to release.--or drop, Air support, Ant imairczft emtire control, Adminise ta tion. OPERATIONS 20 Briefing Serial reports, Air/Sa rsce, Air ovaue tion and Public relations. IV. GLIJERPHASE OF OPCMTIQI 46 V. 47 WA-M rilo 48 VII. SIGNAL C ICATIONS 51 VIII. SUPPLY 54 Ix. PAMM R Ac 59 X. BEITISI ACTIVITIES WRINEOPUATIONS 62 Report of AOC, Glider pban, Statistical ummry. MATIICAL SlURRY 63 70 XII. C~II&~TIONS 77 XIV. CONQLUSIONS 80 - fl;i~ amhh ' i"SQ , I to 3 00, USA? I to 6 C-iC SHAU 7 to 11 CG, USSAF 12 to 21 0G. FAAM 22 to 23 C*, 12 Arm Group 24 to 2.5 , 219 O1AhrM.oup 26 to 28 OG, Fishter Cmmnd 29 to30 C-in-CNR 31 to33 00, Corn z 34 to 38 , VIII Corps 39 to 43 Hq, Airborn Troops (Br) 44 to 46 G0 101st Airbon e Division 47 to 49 CC, 82nd Airborne Division 50 to 52 CGO it British Airbor Division 53 to 55 CO. 17th Airborn tDivision 56 to 58 CO. 6th Airborne Division (Br) 59 to 60 CO. Eighth Air Ibre 61 to 62 CG, Ninth Air Force 63 to 67 AOc, 38 Growp 68 to 72 AOCv46Orpmy 73 to 74 Bmber Coman 75 to 76 Coest I Coamnd 77 to 78 C09 52nd Toop Carrier Wing 79 to 80 W, 50th Troop Cerrer Wing 81 to 82 Co, 53 r Troop (hrrer Wing 83 to 84 C0 IX Toop tier Serce Wing (Pro,) 85 to 86 Co, IX Troop Carrier C ad P/F Group (Proy) 87 to 88 OG, lt Polish Paroheute Bripde 89to90 Co878thA/Bhgin. Bn(Av) 91 to 95 AOC,11 Group 96 to 97 Air Mnistry 98 Arm & avy ttitiel Coflee A A )kicr GeneraI PAUL L. WILLIAMS Comnding General, IX Troop Carrier Comund '4 1. GUIMNKRL 1. Having returned from the Mediterranean Theater after completion of the invasion of SOUtIElFRU C IX Troop Carrier Coand was im iedately alerted for a possible airborne mission. he Troop Carrier Tactical Plan for Operation MAET us an outgrowth of previous coapleted plane for operations not put into encution because of the rapid mnvement of the Allied Ground Armies. Although very little ti eus available to plan and stage Operation MA T, clo and speedy coordination of Troop Carrier and Airborne agencies placed all units in complete readiness for the operation as well as for thorough briefing of all cota t crews and troops. 2. Upon receipt of a directive from First Allied Airborne Army, ewng the general plan of all forces in the operation, the mission of the Troop0arrier Force, axi the desigration of Airborne Troops plus their task, the Troop Carrier Ccmander and his staff took imediate action to complete plans. 3. Mssion a. It uns the intention of the Comnder-in-Chief, 21 Army Group, to advance North across the MAAS, WAAL and C ERI, f cu a strong bridgehead North of A and continue operations North into HOLLUI and East aipinet the REICH. The main axis of the advance as EINUIHOS-GPAVLwNI -M1AMEM hieh us allotted to m CORPS. b. Airborne Corps were to capture and hold cros s over them2 1, and rivers on Second Army's main axis of advance, frm about 3D1 to in -- elude ANEW. c. IX Troop Carrier Con-and, supported by 38 Group, 46 Group (ELF> ad Eighth Air Force, transported parachute and glider troops art equipment, tqther tth effecting aerial resupply to British and American Forces. Hq, British Airborne Corps let British Airborne Division 5nd (L) Division (Airportable) let Polish 1krachute Bride 2nd Airlanding Light AA Battery IAWPW detachments on scale of one per Corps Hq & Division 878th US Airborne Aviation Engineer hattalion 82nd US Airborne Division 101st US Airborne Division Liaiseon Missions provided by SffiQ Civil Affh Ire Staff Detachmn~t Netherlands Army Commandos Such additional units as are provided by 2nid Etitish Army to a ssist after the pout forces kae join ed Up.