Structural and Functional Similarities Between the Central Eukaryotic
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Crystal Structure of the Atpase Domain of Translation Initiation
Research Article 671 Crystal structure of the ATPase domain of translation initiation factor 4A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae — the prototype of the DEAD box protein family Jörg Benz1*, Hans Trachsel2 and Ulrich Baumann1* Background: Translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is the prototype of the Addresses: 1Departement für Chemie und DEAD-box family of proteins. DEAD-box proteins are involved in a variety of Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Germany and 2Institut für Biochemie und cellular processes including splicing, ribosome biogenesis and RNA Molekularbiologie, Universität Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, degradation. Energy from ATP hydrolysis is used to perform RNA unwinding CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. during initiation of mRNA translation. The presence of eIF4A is required for the 43S preinitiation complex to bind to and scan the mRNA. *Corresponding authors. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Results: We present here the crystal structure of the nucleotide-binding domain of eIF4A at 2.0 Å and the structures with bound adenosinediphosphate Key words: crystal, DEAD box, NTPase, translation and adenosinetriphosphate at 2.2 Å and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively. The initiation, X-ray structure of the apo form of the enzyme has been determined by multiple Received: 22 February 1999 isomorphous replacement. The ATPase domain contains a central seven- Revisions requested: 18 March 1999 stranded β sheet flanked by nine α helices. Despite low sequence homology to Revisions received: 19 April 1999 the NTPase domains of RNA and DNA helicases, the three-dimensional fold of Accepted: 22 April 1999 eIF4A is nearly identical to the DNA helicase PcrA of Bacillus Published: 1 June 1999 stearothermophilus and to the RNA helicase NS3 of hepatitis C virus. -
MECHANISM of RNA REMODELING by DEAD-BOX HELICASES By
MECHANISM OF RNA REMODELING BY DEAD-BOX HELICASES by QUANSHENG YANG Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Advisor: Dr. Eckhard Jankowsky Department of Biochemistry CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2007 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of ___________________Quansheng Yang______________________________________ candidate for the__________________Ph.D._____________________degree (signed)__________William Merrick____________________________ (Chair of the Committee) ___________Vernon Anderson___________________________ ___________Eckhard Jankowsky _________________________ ___________Anthony Berdis ____________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ (date) ___________12/12/2006______________________ 2 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Structures and biochemical activities of DExH/D helicases………………...11 Chapter 2: Initial characterization of Ded1…………….....…………………...................31 Chapter 3: ATP and ADP-dependent modulation of RNA unwinding and strand annealing activities by the DEAD-box helicase Ded1…………………………………...41 Chapter 4: Protein-assisted RNA structure conversion towards and against thermodynamic equilibrium values………………………………………………………68 Chapter 5: Duplex unwinding by a DEAD-box helicase without translocation on the loading strand...………………………………………………………………................101 Chapter 6: Duplex unwinding by DEAD-box helicases -
From Thermus Thermophilus HB8
Crystal Structure of Elongation Factor P from Thermus thermophilus HB8 Genetic information encoded in messenger RNA molecules. Several proteins were found to possess is translated into protein by the ribosome, which is a domain(s) similar to a portion of tRNA, by which they large ribonucleoprotein complex. It has been clarified interact with the ribosome. The C-terminal domain of that diverse proteins called translation factors and elongation factor G (EF-G) has a shape similar to that RNAs are involved in genetic translation. Translation of the anticodon-stem loop in the elongation factor Tu elongation factor P (EF-P) is one of the translation (EF-Tu)• tRNA• GDPNP ternary complex. Release factors and stimulates the first peptidyl transferase factor 2 (RF2) and ribosome recycling factor (RRF) activity of the ribosome [1]. EF-P is conserved in were also found to possess a protruding domain, by bacteria, and is essential for their viability. Eukarya which they are believed to bind to the ribosome A site and Archaea have an EF-P homologue, eukaryotic [3]. In contrast with these factors, the entire structure initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A). of the EF-P mimics the overall shape of the tRNA We succeeded in the determination of the crystal molecule (Fig. 2). In addition, it is notable that EF-P is structure of EF-P from Thermus thermophilus HB8 at an acidic protein and most of its surface is negatively 1.65 Å resolution, using beamline BL45PX [2]. The charged. The overall tRNA-like shape of the EF-P crystallographic asymmetric unit contains two nearly molecule and the charge distribution seem to be identical EF-P monomers (Fig. -
A Helicase-Independent Activity of Eif4a in Promoting Mrna Recruitment to the Human Ribosome
A helicase-independent activity of eIF4A in promoting mRNA recruitment to the human ribosome Masaaki Sokabea and Christopher S. Frasera,1 aDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Edited by Alan G. Hinnebusch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and approved May 5, 2017 (received for review December 12, 2016) In the scanning model of translation initiation, the decoding site and at the solvent side of the mRNA entry channel (14). Importantly, latch of the 40S subunit must open to allow the recruitment and that study showed that a short mRNA that does not extend into the migration of messenger RNA (mRNA); however, the precise molec- entry channel fails to displace eIF3j. A similar observation was also ular details for how initiation factors regulate mRNA accommodation found for initiation mediated by the hepatitis C virus internal ribo- into the decoding site have not yet been elucidated. Eukaryotic some entry site, where an mRNA truncated after the initiation co- initiation factor (eIF) 3j is a subunit of eIF3 that binds to the mRNA don failed to displace eIF3j (11). Taken together, these studies entry channel and A-site of the 40S subunit. Previous studies have suggest a model in which a full accommodation of mRNA in the shown that a reduced affinity of eIF3j for the 43S preinitiation mRNA entry channel of the 40S subunit corresponds to a reduced complex (PIC) occurs on eIF4F-dependent mRNA recruitment. Because affinity of eIF3j for the 40S subunit. This model has allowed us to eIF3j and mRNA bind anticooperatively to the 43S PIC, reduced eIF3j exploit the change in eIF3j affinity for the 43S PIC to quantitatively affinity likely reflects a state of full accommodation of mRNA into the monitor the process of mRNA recruitment. -
DEAD-Box RNA Helicases in Cell Cycle Control and Clinical Therapy
cells Review DEAD-Box RNA Helicases in Cell Cycle Control and Clinical Therapy Lu Zhang 1,2 and Xiaogang Li 2,3,* 1 Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-507-266-0110 Abstract: Cell cycle is regulated through numerous signaling pathways that determine whether cells will proliferate, remain quiescent, arrest, or undergo apoptosis. Abnormal cell cycle regula- tion has been linked to many diseases. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the diverse molecular mechanisms of how the cell cycle is controlled. RNA helicases constitute a large family of proteins with functions in all aspects of RNA metabolism, including unwinding or annealing of RNA molecules to regulate pre-mRNA, rRNA and miRNA processing, clamping protein complexes on RNA, or remodeling ribonucleoprotein complexes, to regulate gene expression. RNA helicases also regulate the activity of specific proteins through direct interaction. Abnormal expression of RNA helicases has been associated with different diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, aging, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) via regulation of a diverse range of cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Recent studies showed that RNA helicases participate in the regulation of the cell cycle progression at each cell cycle phase, including G1-S transition, S phase, G2-M transition, mitosis, and cytokinesis. -
Ribosomal Initiation Complex-Driven Changes in the Stability and Dynamics of Initiation Factor 2 Regulate the Fidelity of Translation Initiation
Article Ribosomal Initiation Complex-Driven Changes in the Stability and Dynamics of Initiation Factor 2 Regulate the Fidelity of Translation Initiation Jiangning Wang, Kelvin Caban and Ruben L. Gonzalez Jr. Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3126, New York, NY 10027, USA Correspondence to Ruben L. Gonzalez: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2014.12.025 Edited by S. A. Woodson Abstract Joining of the large, 50S, ribosomal subunit to the small, 30S, ribosomal subunit initiation complex (IC) during bacterial translation initiation is catalyzed by the initiation factor (IF) IF2. Because the rate of subunit joining is coupled to the IF, transfer RNA (tRNA), and mRNA codon compositions of the 30S IC, the subunit joining reaction functions as a kinetic checkpoint that regulates the fidelity of translation initiation. Recent structural studies suggest that the conformational dynamics of the IF2·tRNA sub-complex forming on the intersubunit surface of the 30S IC may play a significant role in the mechanisms that couple the rate of subunit joining to the IF, tRNA, and codon compositions of the 30S IC. To test this hypothesis, we have developed a single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal between IF2 and tRNA that has enabled us to monitor the conformational dynamics of the IF2·tRNA sub-complex across a series of 30S ICs. Our results demonstrate that 30S ICs undergoing rapid subunit joining display a high affinity for IF2 and an IF2·tRNA sub-complex that primarily samples a single conformation. In contrast, 30S ICs that undergo slower subunit joining exhibit a decreased affinity for IF2 and/or a change in the conformational dynamics of the IF2·tRNA sub-complex. -
Initiation Factor Eif5b Catalyzes Second GTP-Dependent Step in Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
Initiation factor eIF5B catalyzes second GTP-dependent step in eukaryotic translation initiation Joon H. Lee*†, Tatyana V. Pestova†‡§, Byung-Sik Shin*, Chune Cao*, Sang K. Choi*, and Thomas E. Dever*¶ *Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2716; ‡Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203; and §A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Edited by Harry F. Noller, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, and approved October 31, 2002 (received for review September 19, 2002) Initiation factors IF2 in bacteria and eIF2 in eukaryotes are GTPases In addition, when nonhydrolyzable GDPNP was substituted Met that bind Met-tRNAi to the small ribosomal subunit. eIF5B, the for GTP, eIF5B catalyzed subunit joining; however, the factor eukaryotic ortholog of IF2, is a GTPase that promotes ribosomal was unable to dissociate from the 80S ribosome after subunit subunit joining. Here we show that eIF5B GTPase activity is re- joining (7). quired for protein synthesis. Mutation of the conserved Asp-759 in To dissect the function of the eIF5B G domain and test the human eIF5B GTP-binding domain to Asn converts eIF5B to an model that two GTP molecules are required in translation XTPase and introduces an XTP requirement for subunit joining and initiation, we mutated conserved residues in the eIF5B G translation initiation. Thus, in contrast to bacteria where the single domain and tested the function of the mutant proteins in GTPase IF2 is sufficient to catalyze translation initiation, eukaryotic translation initiation. -
DEAD-Box RNA Helicases Are Among the Onstituents of the Tobacco
iochemis t B try n & la P P h f y o Hafidh et al., J Plant Biochem Physiol 2013, 1:3 s l i Journal of o a l n o DOI: 10.4172/2329-9029.1000114 r g u y o J ISSN: 2329-9029 Plant Biochemistry & Physiology Short Communication OpenOpen Access Access DEAD-Box RNA Helicases are among the Constituents of the Tobacco Pollen mRNA Storing Bodies Said Hafidh1, David Potěšil2,3, Zbyněk Zdráhal2,3 and David Honys1* 1Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic 2CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Keywords: Translation; mRNA storage; RNA helicase; mRNP; Results and Discussion Ribonucleoprotein; Pollen Of the complex EPP proteome, we have identified three isoforms Introduction of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A)-8,9,13 as designated components of the EPP Male gametogenesis in flowering plants is attributed by RNA granules. eIF4A is required for binding of capped mRNA to substantial changes in cellular reorganization, cell fate specification the 40S ribosomal subunit via eIF3, whilst its ATP-dependent helicase and changes in cellular metabolism including RNA metabolism. activity functions in unwinding the secondary structure of the 5’ UTR Sequestration from immediate translation of protein coding mRNAs to facilitate ribosomal binding and translation. In synapses, eIF4A is has emerged as one aspect of mRNA post transcriptional regulation a target of smRNA (BC1) that blocks the eIF4A helicase activity and that is widespread during gametogenesis. -
Download Product Insert (PDF)
PRODUCT INFORMATION eIF4E (human recombinant) Item No. 15137 Overview and Properties Synonyms: eIF-4F 25 kDa subunit, Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E, mRNA Cap-binding Protein Source: Recombinant protein expressed in E. coli Amino Acids: 2-217 (full length) Uniprot No.: P06730 Molecular Weight: 25.2 kDa Storage: -80°C (as supplied) Stability: ≥1 year Purity: batch specific (≥55% estimated by SDS-PAGE) Supplied in: 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, containing 100 mM potassium chloride, 2 mM DTT, and 10% glycerol Protein Concentration: batch specific mg/ml Image 1 2 3 4 250 kDa · · · · · · · 150 kDa · · · · · · · 100 kDa · · · · · · · 75 kDa · · · · · · · 50 kDa · · · · · · · 37 kDa · · · · · · · 25 kDa · · · · · · · 20 kDa · · · · · · · 15 kDa · · · · · · · Lane 1: MW Markers Lane 2: eIF4E (human recombinant) (4 µg) Lane 3: eIF4E (human recombinant) (2 µg) Lane 4: eIF4E (human recombinant) (1 µg) Representaõve gel image shown; actual purity may vary between each batch. WARNING CAYMAN CHEMICAL THIS PRODUCT IS FOR RESEARCH ONLY - NOT FOR HUMAN OR VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE. 1180 EAST ELLSWORTH RD SAFETY DATA ANN ARBOR, MI 48108 · USA This material should be considered hazardous until further information becomes available. Do not ingest, inhale, get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Before use, the user must review the complete Safety Data Sheet, which has been sent via email to your institution. PHONE: [800] 364-9897 WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF REMEDY [734] 971-3335 Buyer agrees to purchase the material subject to Cayman’s Terms and Conditions. Complete Terms and Conditions including Warranty and Limitation of Liability information can be found on our website. -
Crystal Structure of Conserved Domains 1 and 2 of the Human DEAD-Box Helicase DDX3X in Complex with the Mononucleotide AMP
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ZENODO doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.050 J. Mol. Biol. (2007) 372, 150–159 Crystal Structure of Conserved Domains 1 and 2 of the Human DEAD-box Helicase DDX3X in Complex with the Mononucleotide AMP Martin Högbom1†, Ruairi Collins1†, Susanne van den Berg1 Rose-Marie Jenvert2, Tobias Karlberg1, Tetyana Kotenyova1 Alex Flores1, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam3 and Lovisa Holmberg Schiavone1⁎ 1Structural Genomics DExD-box helicases are involved in all aspects of cellular RNA metabolism. Consortium, Department of Conserved domains 1 and 2 contain nine signature motifs that are Medical Biochemistry and responsible for nucleotide binding, RNA binding and ATP hydrolysis. Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, The human DEAD-box helicase DDX3X has been associated with several SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden different cellular processes, such as cell-growth control, mRNA transport and translation, and is suggested to be essential for the export of unspliced/ 2School of Life Sciences, partially spliced HIV mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Here, the Södertörns högskola, crystal structure of conserved domains 1 and 2 of DDX3X, including a SE-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden DDX3-specific insertion that is not generally found in human DExD-box 3Department of Microbiology, helicases, is presented. The N-terminal domain 1 and the C-terminal domain Tumor and Cell Biology, 2 both display RecA-like folds comprising a central β-sheet flanked by Karolinska Institute, α-helices. Interestingly, the DDX3X-specific insertion forms a helical SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden element that extends a highly positively charged sequence in a loop, thus increasing the RNA-binding surface of the protein. -
Disome-Seq Reveals Widespread Ribosome Collisions That Recruit Co-Translational Chaperones
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FOR Disome-seq reveals widespread ribosome collisions that recruit co-translational chaperones T. Zhao, Y.-M. Chen, Y. Li, J. Wang, S. Chen, N. Gao, and W. Qian Supplementary information includes Supplementary Figures S1-11 and Supplementary Tables S1-5. Supplementary Figures Figure S1. Disomes persisted after RNase digestion. Samples containing an equal amount of ribosome-bound mRNA (5000 A260 unit) were treated with 100 U, 250 U, and 500 U RNase I, respectively. As the concentration of RNase I increased, the abundance of monosome reduced, and that of free ribonucleoprotein (RNP) increased, suggesting the disruption of ribosomes by the excessive RNase I digestion. However, the disome persisted – the mRNA fragment in- between was resistant to the RNase digestion likely due to the steric effect. Figure S2. Correlations between libraries of disome-seq, monosome-seq, and mRNA-seq. (A) The top three charts are the scatter plots of the number of mapped reads in each gene between biological replicates. The bottom chart shows the correlation of reads in each gene between disome-seq and monosome-seq, in the unit of reads per million. The average of two replicates is shown. All libraries were obtained from 3-AT treated yeast cells. Each dot represents a gene. The P-values were given by Pearson’s correlation. (B) Same to (A), except yeast cells were cultured in the rich medium. Figure S3. The size distribution of monosome and disome footprints. (A-B) We mapped the monosome (A) and disome (B) footprints obtained from 3-AT treated yeast cells to the yeast genome. -
Viral and Cellular Mrna-Specific Activators Harness PABP and Eif4g to Promote Translation Initiation Downstream of Cap Binding
Viral and cellular mRNA-specific activators harness PABP and eIF4G to promote translation initiation downstream of cap binding Richard W. P. Smitha,b,c,1, Ross C. Andersona,b,2, Osmany Larraldec,3, Joel W. S. Smithb, Barbara Gorgonia,b,4, William A. Richardsona,b, Poonam Malikc,d,5, Sheila V. Grahamc, and Nicola K. Graya,b,1 aMedical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; bMedical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; cMedical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; and dWellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom Edited by Nahum Sonenberg, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, and approved April 28, 2017 (received for review July 4, 2016) Regulation of mRNA translation is a major control point for gene ribosomal subunit to form an 80S ribosome. Like the cap, the poly expression and is critical for life. Of central importance is the (A) tail serves as a primary determinant of translational efficiency (3) complex between cap-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 4E via the action of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). Analysis of (eIF4E), eIF4G, and poly(A) tail-binding protein (PABP) that circu- mRNA-ribosomal subunit association has shown that PABP pro- larizes mRNAs, promoting translation and stability. This complex is motes small subunit recruitment, an activity attributed to its ability to often targeted to regulate overall translation rates, and also by stimulate cap binding by eIF4E (4).