17.554 Syllabus-Revised

17.554 The Political Economy of Latin America Professor Chappell Lawson

Purpose This course is designed for graduate students in political science. Although doctoral students specializing in Latin America will presumably do outside reading, the class itself should be sufficient to prepare students for field exams. In case of unusually high enrollment, preference will be given to doctoral students over other students, and to students at MIT over those at other universities.

Prerequisites The course assumes some familiarity with the history and geography of Latin America, as well as with comparative political science. For the uninitiated, useful sources on the region include The Cambridge History of Latin America, Thomas Skidmore and Peter Smith’s Modern Latin America, Gary Wynia’s The Politics of Latin American Development, or John Sheahan’s Patterns of Development in Latin America. There are also a number of widely available readers for those who feel the irrepressible urge to brush up on comparative politics.

Knowledge of Spanish or Portugese is not required for this course. All course readings are in English, class discussions will be conducted in English, and papers should be written in English. However, non-native speakers who wish to read some of the course materials in their native language should see me during office hours, as many of the core readings are available in translation or were originally written in other languages.

Course readings Weekly required readings average 175 pages. These readings are designed to acquaint you with the core paradigms in Latin American politics, as well as some of the most well known or well done empirical studies. They obviously leave out a lot. For this reason, there is an extensive list of recommended readings each week, listed in order of relevance for the course. Keep in mind, though, that these recommended readings are intended for two categories of people: (1) those who plan to write a review essay that week, an option discussed below, and (2) the type of crazy overachievers who think it is “fun” to run marathons. If you don’t fit into one of these categories, don’t fret about the recommended readings.

Most weeks are accompanied by a “literary overlay” of novels, essays, or films that treat themes raised by the required readings. These additional materials will not be discussed in class explicitly and you should not worry about them in your papers. They are on the syllabus because they are classics, and those of you who plan to concentrate on the region will find them worth the investment. Others may just want to rent a movie or two in the course of the semester. Regardless, please remember that the purpose of these materials is to lighten your mood by offering you a different perspective on the course themes, not to oppress you further.

Your course reader will have most of the required articles and book chapters. Required readings also include selections from books (listed below) which are not in the course reader. Those of you who plan to focus on the region will eventually want these books for you own library, so you

1 should probably just grit your teeth and buy them. Those who are not planning to focus on Latin America may prefer to but the first two and read the rest on reserve. In any case, they are listed in descending order of priority for the class, so you can decide for yourselves which you want to purchase.

· Moises Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela's Economic Reforms (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 1993). · Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988). · Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989). · Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance: The New South American Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). · Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1992). · Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992). · Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1996).

Finally, as you will see, this syllabus contains several more weeks of reading than we actually have. Weeks will be rotated in different semesters, depending on student interest.

Class presentations and summaries Each class will begin with a presentation discussing and critiquing the readings. You should choose a week (or, in the case of enrollment under ten people, two weeks) for your presentation. Bear in mind that the goal of your presentation is to refresh people’s memories about the readings, to highlight the key areas of disagreement in the readings, and to stimulate class discussion; you should not feel compelled to mechanically summarize every article.

Written requirements You have the option of writing one of the following: (1) five short papers OR (2) three short papers plus one review essay OR (3) one long research paper.

Short papers should be 1,000-1,500 words and should address some of the required readings from the week in a coherent way. They should not be composites of separate critiques of the readings. Rather, they should use the course readings to develop a broader argument about a particular topic from that week – e.g., dependency theory, state formation, democratization in the southern cone, new social movements, etc.

Review essays should be 2,500-3,000 words and should cover the relevant required and recommended readings for that week, as well as any other materials you deem appropriate. They should summarize the main arguments from the materials you address in a way that culls from them a series of testable hypotheses -- along with the evidence for each. Keep in mind that these

2 review essays are not “book reviews,” and they do not need to address each article or book individually. Rather, they should be abridged versions of the sort of literature review you would do for a dissertation.

Both short papers and review essays are due to my mailbox in the political science department by 4 p.m. the day before class. I’d like to practice blind grading, so please don’t include a title page or put your name in the footer. Also, at the risk of stifling self-expression and generally sounding like a pain, I ask that all essays and short papers be double-spaced and submitted in Times font. (Otherwise I learn people’s fonts after the first paper, which defeats the purpose of blind grading.)

Research papers should be approximately 6,000 words. They may be either: (1) a much more extensive version of a review essay or (2) a presentation of original research related to the course themes. If you choose to write a research paper, you must meet with me to discuss your topic as soon as possible. You must then submit a one paragraph abstract within ten days of the first class, a reading list by the third class, a draft paper at least three weeks before grades are due, and the completed paper at least one week before grades are due. I strongly encourage those of you who wish to write a research paper to choose a topic related to your dissertation or some other larger project. Just make sure, though, that anything you submit for this class is substantially different from work you have turned in or will turn in for other courses.

Total workload Counting reading, preparation for class, presentations, and writing, students should expect to spend approximately 12 hours per week on the course.

Grading Half of your grade (50%) will be based on class participation, including your presentation(s). For grading purposes, each presentation will count as three class sessions – that is, about 10% of your overall grade. My somewhat odd habit is to record letter grades for each student after each class, so regular class participation is taken seriously. However, each student is entitled to one unexcused absense or “uprepared” over the course of the semester (i.e., your grade for that will will not be counted).

The other half of your grade will be based on your written work. Short papers will all count equally (10% each), and the review essay – if you select this option -- will count as two papers. If you are feeling wildly ambitious and want to write more than the requisite number of papers, the highest of your grades will be counted.

3 Course Readings and Schedule

Week 1. The current Latin American context REQUIRED: Howard Wiarda, “Historical Determinants of the Latin American State,” in Menno Vellinga, ed., The Changing Role of the State in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998), p. 27-49.

Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 155-225.

The Economist, "Two cheers for democracy," Oct 26, 1996, p. 52.

Michael Shifter, "Tensions and trade-offs in Latin America," Journal of Democracy, April 1997, 8 (2):114-28.

Ian Katz, "Will a new breed of strongman undermine Latin democracy?" Business Week, May 18, 1998, p. 61.

The Economist, "Yes, we have no mananas," November 13, 1993, L5.

The Economist, "Commitment, competence and consensus," November 13, 1993, L12.

Inter-American Development Bank, “Latin America after a Decade of Reforms,” Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: 1998-99 Report (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), p. 11-23.

Albert Berry, "Introduction," in Albert Berry, ed., Poverty, economic reform & income distribution in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998), p. 1-5.

John Williamson, "Democracy and the 'Washington Consensus,'" World Development, August 1993, 21 (8):1329-36.

John Williamson, “Are the Latin American reforms sustainable?” and Berhard Fischer, "Comment" in Hermann Sautter and Rolf Schinke, eds., Stabilization and reforms in Latin America: Where do we stand? (Madrid: Iberoamericana, 1996), p. 247-60.

RECOMMENDED: Jorge I. Dominguez, “Free politics and free markets in Latin America,” Journal of Democracy, October 1998, 9 (4):70-84.

Catherine M. Conahghan, “Polls, Political Discourse, and the Public Sphere: The Spin on Peru’s Fuji-Golpe,” in Peter H. Smith, ed., Latin America in Comparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995):227-55.

4 D. J. Myers and R. E. O’Connor, “Support for Coups in Democratic Political Culture: A Venezuelan Exploration,” Comparative Politics, January 1998, 30 (2):193-208.

Jennifer McCoy, “Chávez and the End of ‘Partyarchy’ in Venezuela,” Journal of Democracy, July 1999, 10 (3): 64-77.

Steven Haber, "Assessing the Obstacles to Industrialization: The Mexican Economy, 1830- 1940," Journal of Latin American Studies, February 1992, 24 (1):1-32.

Mario Vargas Llosa, “Forward” in Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), p. xi-xx.

Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier, Shaping the political arena: critical junctures, the labor movement, and regime dynamics in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, c1991).

Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, “Economic Reform and Cycles of State Intervention,” World Development, 1993, 21 (8):1337-53.

Jorge Castaneda, Utopia Unarmed (New York: Knopf, 1993).

Gustavo Gorriti, “Comentary on Utopia Unarmed. Beyond the Epics of Failure: The Post- Utopian Left,” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1994, 36 (1):157-76.

Frederick C. Turner, “Reassessing Political Culture,” in Peter H. Smith, ed., Latin America in Comparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995):195-224.

LITERARY OVERLAY: Isabel Allende, The House of the Spirits (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1985). [Or movie version.]

5 Week 2. Dependency and development in Latin America REQUIRED: Peter F. Klaren, “Lost Promise: Explaining Latin American Underdevelopment,” in Peter F. Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986):3-33.

Andre Gunder Frank, "The Development of Underdevelopment," in Peter F. Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986):111-23.

Teodoro dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," The American Economic Review, May 1970, 60 (2):231-6.

Peter Evans, “Multinationals, State-Owned Corporations, and the Transformation of Imperialism: A Brazilian Case Study, Economic Development and Cultural Change, October 1977, 26 (1):43-64.

Gary Gereffi, “Drug Firms and Dependency in Mexico: The Case of the Steroid Hormone Industry,” International Organization, Winter 1978, 32 (1):237-86.

RECOMMENDED: Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), p. xxi-xxviii, 3-26, 131-87.

J. Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela, "Modernization and Dependency: Alternative Perspectives in the Study of Latin American Underdevelopment," Comparative Politics, July 1978, 10 (4):535-52.

Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Falleto, Dependency and Development in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979), p. vii-xxv, 149-216.

Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), 1-51.

Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), p. 90-109, 292- 320 (contributions by Bradford and Villareal).

Gary Gereffi and Peter Evans, "Transnational Corporations, Dependent Development, and State Policy in the Semi-Periphery: A Comparison of Brazil and Mexico," Latin American Research Review, 1981, 16 (3):31-64.

Steven Haber, "Assessing the Obstacles to Industrialization: The Mexican Economy, 1830- 1940," Journal of Latin American Studies, February 1992, 24 (1):1-32.

6 J. MeyerStamer, "Path dependence in regional development: Persistence and change in three industrial clusters in Santa Catarina, Brazil, World Development, August 1998, 26 (8):1495- 1511.

Albert O. Hirschmann, “The Rise and Decline of Development Economics,” in Essays in Trespassing: Economy to Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).

Eliana Cardoso and Albert Fishlow, “Latin American Economic Development: 1950-80,” Journal of Latin American Studies, Supplementary issue, 1992 (24):197-218.

Albert O. Hirschmann, “The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1968, 82 (1):1-32.

Werner Baer, “Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin America: Experiences and Interpretations,” Latin American Research Review, Spring 1972, 7 (1):95-111.

Patricio Meller, ed., The Latin American Development Debate: Neostructuralism, Neomonetarism, and Adjustment Processes (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991), p. 9-40, 59-75 (French-Davis and Munoz, Lustig, and Rojas).

Robert Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992).

LITERARY OVERLAY: Gabriel Garcia-Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude (New York: Harper & Row, 1970) OR Alejo Carpentier, Reasons of State (New York: Knopf, 1976).

7 Week 3. Dependency and politics in Central America REQUIRED: Howard Wiarda, "Social Change, Political Development, and the Latin American Tradition," in Peter F. Klaren and Thomas J. Bossert, eds., Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986).

Marc Lindenberg, “World Economic Cycles and Central American Political Instability,” World Politics, April 1990, 42 (3):397-421.

Enrique A. Baloyra-Herp, “Reactionary Despotism in Central America,” in Journal of Latin American Studies, 1983, 15 (2): 295-319.

Jeffrey M. Paige, "Coffee and Power in El Salvador," Latin American Research Review, 1993, 28 (3):7-40.

John A. Booth, “The Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in Central America,” Latin American Research Review, 1991, 26 (1):33-73.

RECOMMENDED: J. J. Johnson, Political Change in Latin America: The Emergence of the Middle Sectors (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1958), p. 1-14.

James M. Malloy, “Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America: The Modal Pattern,” in James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1977), p. 3-19.

David G. Becker, “Development, democracy, and dependency in Latin America: ‘Bonanza development’ and the ‘new bourgeoisie’ in Postimperialism: international capitalism and development in the late twentieth century (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1987).

Michel S. Laguerre, The military and society in Haiti (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993).

Carlos R. Miranda, The Stroessner Era: Authoritarian Rule in Paraguay (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1990).

John A. Booth, Costa Rica: Questing for Democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998).

8 Week 4. Dependency, development, and bureaucratic-authoritarianism REQUIRED: Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1981), p. 27-63.

Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968): 1-11, 78-92.

Guillermo A. O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1979), p. 51-120.

Alfred Stepan, “Political Leadership and Regime Breakdown: Brazil” in Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, eds., The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978):110-37.

Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), p. 13-29.

RECOMMENDED: David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, c1979), p. 19-32.

David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, c1979): 363-97.

Karen L. Remmer, "Neopatrimonialism: The Politics of Military Rule in Chile, 1973-87," Comparative Politics, January 1989, 21 (2):149-70.

Karen L. Remmer and G. W. Merks, “Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism Revisited,” Latin American Research Review, 1982, 17 (2):3-36.

Robert R. Kaufman, “How societies change developmental models or keep them: reflections on the Latin American experience in the 1930s and the postwar world ,” in Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990).

Ronald H. McDonald and J. Mark Ruhl, Party politics and elections in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989), p. 77-88, 125-45 (Colombia and Venezuela).

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979), rest of book.

Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 19-48 (Argentina), 72-94 (Brazil).

9 David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, c1979), p. 99-163, 165-253 (contributions by Serra and Kaufman).

Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: J. Hopkins, 1986), p. 49-71, 148-172, 196-220.

Youssef Cohen, Radicals, reformers, and reactionaries: the prisoner's dilemma and the collapse of democracy in Latin America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), p. 53-118.

David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, c1979), p. 61-97 (contribution by Hirschmann).

LITERARY OVERLAY: Manuel Puig, The Kiss of the Spider Woman (Oxford: Amber Lane Press, 1987) [Or movie version]

10 Week 5. The politics of economic reform REQUIRED: John Williamson, "Panel Discussion" in John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994), p. 478-81.

Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, “Introduction” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1992), p. 3-37.

Peter Evans, “The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded Autonomy, and Structural Change,” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1992), 182-3, 211-5.

Barbara Geddes, “The Politics of Economic Liberalization,” Latin American Research Review, 1995, 30 (2):194-214.

Javier Corrales, “Do Economic Crises Contribute to Economic Reform? Argentina and Venezuela in the 1990s,” Political Science Quarterly, Winter 1997-8, 112 (4):617-44.

Joan Nelson, “Crisis Management, Economic Reform, and Costa Rican Democracy,” in Barbara Stallings and Robert Kaufman, eds., Debt and Democracy in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989), p. 143-61.

Juarez Brandão Lopes, "Obstacles to Economic Reform in Brazil," in Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996), p. 195-218.

Manuel Pastor, “Bolivia: Hyperinflation, Stabilization, and Beyond,” Journal of Development Studies, January 1991, 27 (2):211-33.

Ian Roxborough, "Inflation and social pacts in Brazil and Mexico," Journal of Latin American Studies, October 1992, 24 (3):639-64.

RECOMMENDED: Catherine M. Conaghan, James M. Malloy, and Luis A. Abugattas, "Business and the 'Boys': The Politics of Neoliberalism in the Central Andes," in Latin American Research Review, 1990, 25 (2): 3-30.

Karen L. Remmer, "The Political Economy of Elections in Latin America," American Political Science Review, June 1993, 87 (2):393-407.

John Waterbury, “The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process,” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton: Princeton University Press, c1992): 270-315.

11 Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, “The Political Economy of Inflation and Stabilization in Middle-Income Countries,” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1992), 270-315.

Kurt Weyland, "Swallowing the Bitter Pill," in Comparative Political Studies, October 1998, 31 (5):539-68 OR "The Political Fate of Market Reform in Latin America, Africa, and Eastern Europe," International Studies Quarterly, 1998 (42):645-74.

Karen Remmer, "Democracy and Economic Crisis: The Latin American Experience," World Politics, April 1990, 42 (3):315-35.

Hector Schamis, “Reconceptualizing Latin American Authoritarianism in the 1970s: From Bureaucratic Authoritarianism to Neoconservatism,” Comparative Politics, January 1991, 23 (2): 201-16.

Fernando de Holanda Barbosa, "Economic Development: The Brazilian Experience," in Akio Hosono and Neantro Saavedra-Rivano, eds., Development strategies in East Asia and Latin America (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), p. 69-87.

John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1990): 7-20, 32-35. (remarks by Williamson and Meller).

Patricio Meller, ed., The Latin American Development Debate (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991): 79-97, 129-62, 169-90.

John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1990): 353-419.

James L. Dietz, "Debt and Development: The Future of Latin America," in James L. Dietz and James H. Street, eds., Latin America's Economic Development: Institutionalist and Structuralist Perspectives (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1987).

Carol Graham and Moises Naim, “The political economy of institutional reform in Latin America,” in Nancy Birdsall, Carol Graham, and Richard H. Sabot, editors, Beyond tradeoffs: market reforms and equitable growth in Latin America (Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank/Brookings Institution Press, 1998).

Barbara Stallings, “Structural adjustment in East Asia and Latin America: a selective literature review,” in Akio Hosono and Neantro Saavedra-Rivano, eds., Development strategies in East Asia and Latin America (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998).

Literary Overlay: Octavio Paz, “The Philanthropic Ogre,” Dissent, Winter 1979.

12 Week 6. The political consequences of market-oriented reform in Venezuela REQUIRED: Inter-American Development Bank, “Latin America after a Decade of Reforms,” Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: 1997-98 Report (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), p. 31-82.

Brian Crisp, "Lessons from Economic Reform in the Venezuelan Democracy," Latin American Research Review, 1998, 33 (1):7-42.

Carlos Gervasoni, "The Electoral Consequences of Market-Oriented Reform in Latin America," TBA.

Andres Villarreal, "Public Opinion of the Economy and the President among Mexico City Residents: The Salinas Sexenio," Latin American Research Review, 1999, 34 (2):132-51.

Peter H. Smith, "The Political Impact of Free Trade on Mexico," Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1992, 34 (1):1-25.

RECOMMENDED: Moises Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela’s Economic Reforms (Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 1993).

George Collier, “Structural adjustment and new regional movements: the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas,” in Latin American Program, the Woodrow Wilson Center, Ethnic conflict and governance in comparative perspective (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1995).

Karen L. Remmer, "The Political Impact of Economic Crisis in Latin America in the 1980s," American Political Science Review, September 1991, 85 (3):777-800.

Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1992), p. 319-50.

Albert Berry, ed., Poverty, economic reform & income distribution in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998), p. 9-41, 43-78, 235-48 (contributions by Berry, Altimir, and Berry).

Bruce H. Kay, “’Fujipopulism’ and the Liberal State in Peru,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Winter 1996-97, 38 (4):55-98.

John Walton, “Debt, Protest, and the State in Latin America,” in Susan Eckstein, ed., Power and Popular Protest (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).

Jorge Buendia, "Economic Reform, Public Opinion, and Presidential Approval in Mexico, 1988- 93," Comparative Political Studies, 1996, 29 (5): 566-91.

13 William C. Smith and Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, eds., Politics, social change, and economic restructuring in Latin America (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press; Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997), chapter on Chiapas.

Nora Lustig, Mexico: The Remaking of an Economy (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998), p. 61- 95, 201-220.

Eduardo A. Gamarra, "Market-Oriented Reforms and Democracy in Latin America: Challenges of the 1990s," in William C. Smith, Carlos H. Acuna, Eduardo A. Gamarra, eds., Latin American Political Economy in the Age of Neoliberal Reform: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives for the 1990s (Miami: North-South Center, University of Miami, 1994), p. 1-16.

Comparative Political Studies, Special Issue on Public Support for Market Reforms in Emerging Democracies, October 1996, 29 (5): 544-591.

Philip Oxhorn & Pamela K. Starr, Markets & democracy in Latin America: conflict or convergence? (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999).

Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the market: political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).

James Petras with Todd Cavaluzzi, Morris Morley, and Steve Vieux, The left strikes back: class conflict in Latin America in the age of neoliberalism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999), p. 1- 57.

Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Special Double Issue on Povery and Inequality in Latin America, Summer/Fall 1996, 38 (2/3).

LITERARY OVERLAY: None

14 Week 7. Spectacular screw-ups: the Mexican peso crisis Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mxico’s Road to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996), p. 3-15, 215-34.

Manuel Pastor and Carol Wise, “State Policy, Distribution, and Neoliberal Economic Reform in Mexico,” Journal of Latin American Studies, May 1997 (29):419-56.

Peter Smith, "Political Dimensions of the Peso Crisis," in Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 31-54.

Denise Dresser, "Falling from the Tightrope: The Political Economy of the Mexican Crisis," in Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 55-80.

Rogelio Ramirez de la O, "The Mexican Peso Crisis and Recession of 1994-95: Preventable Then, Avoidable in the Future," in Riordan Roett, ed., The Mexican Peso Crisis: International Perspectives (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996), p. 11-33.

Sebastian Edwards, "The Mexican Peso Crisis: How Much Did We Know? When Did We Know It?" The World Economy, January 1998, 21 (1):1-26.

RECOMMENDED: Moises Naim, "Mexico's Larger Story," Foreign Policy, Summer 1995 (99): 112-30.

John Williamson, “Mexican Policy toward Foreign Borrowing” and “Comment” by Enrique G. Mendoza in Barry P. Bosworth, Susan M. Collins, and Nora Claudia Lustig, eds., Coming Together: U.S.-Mexican Relations (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1997).

Jeffrey Frieden, "The Politics of Exchange Rates," in Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 81-94.

Luis A. Riveros, "Chile's Structural Adjustment: Relevant Policy Lessons for Latin America," in Albert Berry, ed., Poverty, economic reform & income distribution in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998), p. 111-36.

Ernest Bartell, "Perceptions by Business Leaders and the Transition to Democracy in Chile," in E. Bartell and Leigh A. Payne, eds., Business and Democracy in Latin America (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1995), p. 49-79.

Denise Dresser, "Neopopulist Solutions to Neoliberal Problems" (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 1993).

Nora Lustig, Mexico: The Remaking of an Economy (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998), p. 143- 200.

15 Sebastian Edwards and Moises Naim, eds., Mexico 1994: Anatomy of an Emerging-Market Crash (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997), p. 95-245.

Javier Santiso, "Wall Street and the Mexican Crisis: A Temporal Analysis of Emerging Markets," International Political Science Review, January 1999, 20 (1):49-71.

Thomas Kessler, “Political Capital: Mexican Financial Policy under Salinas,” World Politics, 1998, 51 (1):36-66.

Albert Fishlow, “A Tale of Two Presidents: The Political Economy of Crisis Management,” in Alfred Stepan, ed., Democratizing Brazil: Problems of Transition and Consolidation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).

John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1990), p. 54-84, 95-8 (remarks by Patricio Meller and comments by Vittorio Corbo).

LITERARY OVERLAY: Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mxico’s Road to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996) [rest of book].

16 Week 8. Transitions from authoritarian rule in the Southern Cone REQUIRED: Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), p. 30-67.

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance: The New South American Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 147- 87 (Argentina and Brazil).

Barbara Stallings, “Political Economy of Democratic Transition: Chile in the 1980s,” in Barbara Stallings and Robert Kaufman, eds., Debt and Democracy in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1989), p. 181-199.

Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems in Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 151-165, 190-218.

Howard J. Wiarda, “The Dominican Republic: Mirror Legacies of Democracy and Authoritarianism,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 423- 458.

Marta Lagos, "Public Opinion in New Democracies: Latin America's Smiling Mask," Journal of Democracy, July 1997, 8 (3):125-38.

RECOMMENDED: Eduardo Silva, "From Dictatorship to Democracy: The Business-State Nexus in Chile's Economic Transformation, 1975-94," Comparative Politics, April 1996, 28 (3):199-220.

Delia Boylan, "Taxation and Transition: The Politics of the 1990 Chilean Tax Reform," Latin American Research Review, 1996, 31 (1):7-32.

Larry Diamond and Juan Linz, “Introduction: Politics, Society and Democracy in Latin America,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 1-58.

Carlos H. Waisman, “Argentina: Autarkic Industrialization and Illegitimacy,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 59-109.

Charles Guy Gillespie and Luis Eduardo Gonzalez, “Uruguay: The Survival of Old and Autonomous Institutions,” in Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset,

17 Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989), p. 207-45.

Frances Hagopian, “Democracy by Undemocratic Means? Elites, Political Pacts, and Regime Transition in Brazil,” Comparative Political Studies, July 1990, 23 (2):147-66.

John A. Booth and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds., Elections and Democracy in Central America (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 25-44, 66-83, 244-85.

Stephen Haggard and Robert H. Kaufman, The Political Economy of Democratic Transition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).

Karen Remmer, "New Wine in Old Bottlenecks? The Study of Latin American Democracy," Comparative Politics, July 1991, 23 (4): 479-95.

Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 3-18.

James M. Malloy and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds., Authoritarians and Democrats: Regime Transition in Latin America (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1987), p. 3-12, 145-63 (Ecuador).

LITERARY OVERLAY: Isabel Allende, Of Love and Shadows (New York: Random House, 1987). [Or movie version.]

18 Week 9. Civil-military relations: Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, etc. Samuel P. Huntington, “The Torturer Problem” in The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 211-31.

Samuel P. Huntington, “The Praetorian Problem,” in The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 231-53.

Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), p. 68-145.

Wendy Hunter, "Politicians against Soldiers: Contesting the Military in Postauthoritarian Brazil," Comparative Politics, July 1995 (27):425-43.

Consuelo Cruz and Rut Diamint, "The New Military Autonomy in Latin America," Journal of Democracy, October 1998, 8 (4):115-27.

Deborah L. Norden, “Democracy and Military Control in Venezuela: From Subordination to Insurrection,” Latin American Research Review, 1998, 33 (2):143-63.

Larry Rohter, “Ecuador’s Coup Alerts Region to a Resurgent Military,” The New York Times, January 30, 2000.

RECOMMENDED: The New York Times, Editorial, “Ecuador’s Endangered Democracy,” January 25, 2000.

The New York Times, Larry Rohter, “Bitter Indians Let Ecuador Know Fight Isn’t Over,” January 27, 2000.

Juan Rial, "Armies and Civil Society in Latin America," in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Civil-Military Relations and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 47-66.

Louis A. Goodman, "Military Roles Past and Present," in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Civil-Military Relations and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 30-43.

José Nun, “The Middle Class Military Coup Revisited,” in Abrahama Lowenthal and J. S. Fitch, Armies and Politics in Latin America (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1976): 59-95.

Juan E. Mendez, "Accountability for past abuses," Human Rights Quarterly, May 1997, 19 (2):255-82.

Alain Rouquié, “Demilitarization and the Institutionalization of Military-Dominated Polities in Latin America,” in Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986): 108-136.

19 Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 3-63, 135-158 (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti).

Lawrence Weschler, A Miracle, A Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1990).

Abraham F. Lowenthal and J. S. Fitch, Armies and Politics in Latin America (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1986).

Michel S. Laguerre, The military and society in Haiti (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993).

Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 3-63, 135-158 (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Haiti).

LITERARY OVERLAY: The movie Z: A Political Tragedy in Greece.

20 Week 10. Limits of democratization: Brazil in comparative perspective REQUIRED: Terry Karl and Philippe C. Schmitter, "What Democracy is…and is Not," Journal of Democracy Summer 1991, 2 (3):75-86.

The Economist, "The vote, but not always much more: democracy in Latin America," October 16, 1993, p. 48.

Roberto Aguiar, "The Cost of Election Campaigns in Brazil," in Herbert E. Alexander and Rei Shiratori, Comparative Political Finance Among the Democracies (Boulder: Westview, 1994): 77-84.

Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995): 354-98.

Guillermo O'Donnell, "On the state, democratization and some conceptual problems: a Latin American view with glances at some postcommunist countries," World Development, August 1993, 21 (8): 1355-1369.

Robert Gay, “Neighborhood Associations and Political Change in Rio de Janeiro,” Latin American Research Review, 1990, 25 (1): 102-18.

Elizabeth Leeds, "Cocaine and Parallel Polities in the Brazilian Urban Periphery: Constraints on Local-Level Democratization," Latin American Research Review, 1996, 31 (3):47-83.

James Holston, "The Misrule of Law: Land and Usurpation in Brazil," Comparative Studies in Society and History, October 1991, 33 (4):695-725.

RECOMMENDED: Gary Hoskin and Gabriel Murillo-Castano, “Can Colombia Cope?” Journal of Democracy, January 1999, 10 (1):36-50.

Frances Hagopian, “After Regime Change: Authoritarian Legacies, Political Representation, and the Democratic Future of South America,” World Politics, April 1993, 45 (3):464-500.

Robert Fatton, Jr., "The Impairments of Democracy: Haiti in Comparative Perspective," Comparative Politics, January 1999, 31 (2):209-30.

James Holston and Teresa P. R. Caldeira, “Democracy, Law, and Violence: The Disjunctions of Brazilian Citizenship,” in Fault lines of democracy in post-transition Latin America, edited by Felipe Aguero and Jeffrey Stark (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press/University of Miami; Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998).

21 Scott Mainwaring, Guillermo O'Donnell, and Samuel Valenzuela, Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective (South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992).

Kurt von Mettenheim and James Malloy, Deepening democracy in Latin America (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, c1998).

Philip D. Oxhorn and Graciela Ducatenzeiler, What kind of democracy? What kind of market? Latin America in the age of neoliberalism (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, c1998).

Ben Ross Schneider, “Brazil under Collor: Anatomy of a Crisis,” World Policy Journal, Spring 1991: 321-47.

LITERARY OVERLAY: The movie Central Station OR P. J. O'Rourke, Holidays in Hell (chapter on the Philippines).

22 Week 11. Reforming the state in Peru and elsewhere REQUIRED: Forrest D. Colburn, "Crime in Latin America," Dissent, Summer 1998, 45 (3): 27-30.

Lawrence Whitehead, “State Organization in Latin America since 1930,” in Leslie Bethell, ed., The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume VI (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994): 3-95.

Hernando de Soto, The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), p. 3-15, 33-57, 131-51, 244-55.

Philip Mauceri, “State Reform, Coalitions, and the Neoliberal ‘Autogolpe’ in Peru,” Latin American Research Review, Winter 1995, 30 (1):7-37.

Barbara Geddes, “A Game Theoretic Model of Reform in Latin American Democracies,” American Political Science Review, June 1991, 85 (2):371-89.

RECOMMENDED: Barbara Geddes, "Building 'State' Autonomy in Brazil: 1930-64," Comparative Politics, January 1990, 22 (2): 217-35.

Guillermo O’Donnell, “Delegative Democracy,” in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 94- 108.

Kurt Weyland, “The Brazilian State in the New Democracy,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World-Affairs, Winter 1997-98, 39 (4):63-94.

Oscar Oszlak, “Historical Formation of the State in Latin America,” Latin American Research Review, 1981, 16 (2): 3-32.

Inter-American Development Bank, “Taxation,” Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: 1998-99 Report (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), p. 179-202.

Ben Ross Schneider, “The Career Connection: A Comparative Analysis of Bureaucratic Preferences and Insulation,” Comparative Politics, April 1993, 25 (3):331-50.

Richard M. Bird, "Tax Reform in Latin America: A Review of Some Recent Experiences," Latin American Research Review, 1992 (27):7-37.

Peter H. Smith, “The rise and fall of the developmental state,” in Menno Vellinga, ed., The Changing Role of the State in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998), p. 51-74.

Jan Rus, "The 'Comunidad Revolucionaria Institucional,'" in Gilbert M. Joseph and Daniel Nugent, eds., Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Latin America (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), p. 265-300.

23 Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment: Iinternational Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1992), p. 139-49, 163-72.

Marcelo Cavarozzi, "Beyond transitions to democracy in Latin America," Journal of Latin American Studies, October 1992, 24 (3):665-84.

Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mexico’s Road to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996), p. 83-110.

Kurt Weyland, "The Politics of Corruption in Latin America," Journal of Democracy, April 1998, 9 (2):108-21.

Terry L. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).

Silvia Colazingari and Susan Rose-Ackerman, "Corruption in paternalistic democracy: lessons from Italy for Latin America," Political Science Quarterly, Fall 1998, 113 (3): 447-470.

Hugo Frohling, “Judicial Reform and Democratization in Latin America,” in Fault lines of democracy in post-transition Latin America, edited by Felipe Aguero and Jeffrey Stark (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press/University of Miami; Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998).

Walter Little and Eduardo Posada Carbo, eds., Political corruption in Europe and Latin America (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996), p. 9-14, 195-295.

Stephen D. Morris, Corruption & politics in contemporary Mexico (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991), p. 21-82.

Peter H. Smith, “Drug Trafficking in Mexico,” and “Comment” by Maria Celia Toro, in Barry P. Bosworth, Susan M. Collins, and Nora Claudia Lustig, eds., Coming Together? Mexico-U.S. Relations (Washington, D.C.:Brookings, 1997).

LITERARY OVERLAY: Gabriel Garcia-Marquez, News of a Kidnapping (New York: Knopf/Random House, 1997).

24 Week 12. Ambiguous political transition in Mexico REQUIRED Chappell Lawson, "Mexico's Unfinished Transition: Democratization and Authoritarian Enclaves in Mexico," Estudios Mexicanos/Mexican Studies, Summer 2000.

Kathleen Bruhn, Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1997): 39-44, 55-66.

Enrique Krauze, Mexico: Biography of Power: A History of Modern Mexico, 1810-1996 (New York: HarperPerennial, 1997): 549-557.

Juan Molinar Horcasitas, “Changing the Balance of Power in a Hegemonic Party System: The Case of Mexico,” in Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, CO.: Westview, 1996): 137-59.

Denise Dresser, “Mexico: The Decline of Dominant Party Rule,” in Jorge I. Dominguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing Democratic Governance: Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean in the 1990s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 159-84.

Kevin Middlebrook, “Political Liberalization in an Authoritarian Regime,” in Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986): 123-45.

Chappell Lawson, Mexico’s New Politics: The Elections of 1997,” Journal of Democracy, October 1997, 8 (4):13-27.

P.J. O'Rourke, "Of Lunch and War," Rolling Stone, November 3, 1994, p. 83-90.

RECOMMENDED: Wayne Cornelius, Todd Eisenstadt, and Jane Hinley, eds., Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD, 1999): 3-16, 269-341.

Roderic Ai Camp, "The Political Technocrat in Mexico and the Survival of the Political System," Latin Amercian Research Review, 1985, 20 (1):97-118.

Stephen D. Morris, "Political Reformism in Mexico: Past and Present," Latin American Research Review, 1993, 28 (2):191-205.

Wayne Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition: The Breakdown of a One-Party Dominant Regime (La Jolla: University of California at San Diego, 1996).

Kathleen Bruhn, Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico (University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1997), rest of book.

25 John Womack, Jr., “The Spoils of the Mexican Revolution,” Foreign Affairs, July 1970: 677-87.

26 Week 13 Parties and elections in Latin America REQUIRED: Michael Coppedge, "Parties and society in Mexico and Venezuela: Why competition matters," Comparative Politics, April 1993, 25 (3):253-271.

Robert H. Dix, "Democratization and the institutionalization of Latin American political parties," Comparative Political Studies, January 1992, 24 (4):488-521.

Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), p. 1-34, 459-74.

Peter Siavelis and Arturo Valenzuela, "Electoral Engineering and Democratic Stability: The Legacy of Authoritarian Rule in Chile," in Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996), p. 77-100.

Gregory D. Schmidt, “Fujimori’s 1990 Upset Victory in Peru: Electoral Rules, Contingencies, and Adaptive Strategies,” Comparative Politics, April 1996, 28 (3):321-54.

Alan Angell, Maria D’Alva Kinzo, and Diego Urbaneja, “Latin America,” in David Butler and Austin Ranney, eds., Electioneering: A Comparative Study of Continuity and Change (Oxford: Clarendon press, 1992): 43-68.

Inter-American Development Bank, “Latin America after a Decade of Reforms,” Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: 1997 Report (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), p. 120- 1, 124-48.

RECOMMENDED: Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart, “Conclusion: Presidentialism and the Party System,” in Scott Mainwaring and Matthew S. Shugart, eds., Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997):394-437.

Karen L. Remmer, "The Political Economy of Elections in Latin America," American Political Science Review, June 1993, 87 (2):393-407.

John D. Martz, “Party Elites and Leadership in Colombia and Venezuela,” Journal of Latin American Studies, February 1992, 24 (1):87-121.

Robert H. Dix, “Cleavage Structures and Party Systems in Latin America,” Comparative Politics, October 1989, 22 (1):23-35.

Lawrence LeDuc, Richard G. Niemi, and Pippa Norris, eds., Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996), p. 13-48.

Barry Ames, "The Reverse Coattails Effect -- Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election," American Political Science Review, March 1994, 88 (1):95-111.

27 Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), p. 37-71, 100-99, 298-22, 399-458.

Silvio Waisbord, "Secular Politics: The Modernization of Argentine Electioneering," in David L. Swanson and Paolo Mancini, eds., Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy (Westport, CT: Prager, 1996), p. 207-25.

Peter Siavelis, “Continuity and Change in the Chilean Party System: On the Transformational Effects of Electoral Reform,” Comparative Political Studies, December 1997, 30 (6):651-74.

Cesar Cansino, "Party government in Latin America: theoretical guidelines for an empirical analysis," International Political Science Review, April 1995, 16 (2):169-182.

Chappell Lawson, "Why Cardenas Won," in Jorge I. Dominguez and Alejandro Poire, Toward Mexico's Democratization: Parties, Elections, Campaigns, and Voters in Mexico (forthcoming).

John A. Booth and Mitchell A. Seligson, eds., Elections and Democracy in Central America (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1995), p. 45-65, 84-102.

Scott Mainwaring, “Politicians, Parties, and Electoral Systems: Brazil in Comparative Perspective,” Comparative Politics, October 1991, 24 (1):21-41.

John D. Martz, "Electoral campaigning and Latin American democratization: the Grancolombian experience," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1990, 32 (1):17-43.

LITERARY OVERLAY: None

28 Week 14. Religion, political mobilization, and civil society REQUIRED: Daniel Levine, "From Church and State to Religion and Politics and Back Again," World Affairs, Fall 1987, 150 (2):93-108.

Thomas C. Bruncan and W. E. Hewitt, "Patterns of Church Influence in Brazil's Political Transition," Comparative Politics, October 1989, 22 (1):39-62.

Madeleine Adriance, "Base communities and rural mobilization in northern Brazil," Sociology of Religion Summer 1994, 55 (2):163-188.

James C. Cavendish, "Christian base communities and the building of democracy: Brazil and Chile," Sociology of Religion, Summer, 1994, 55 (2):179-95.

Bryan T. Froehle, "Religious competition, community building, and democracy in Latin America: grassroots religious organizations in Venezuela," Sociology of Religion, Summer 1994, 55 (2):145-62.

Christian Smith, "The Spirit and Democracy: Base Communities, Protestantism, and Democratization in Latin America," Sociology of Religion, Summer, 1994, 55 (2):119-43.

Edwin Eloy Aguilar, Jose Miguel Sandoval, Timothy J. Steigenga, and Kenneth Coleman, "Protestantism in El Salvador: Conventional Wisdom versus Survey Evidence," Latin American Research Review, 1993, 28 (2): 119-41.

Newton J. Gaskill, "Rethinking Protestantism and democratic consolidation in Latin America," Sociology of Religion, Spring, 1997, 58 (1):69-91.

Jean-Pierre Bastian, "The Metamorphosis of Latin American Protestant Groups: A Sociohistorical Perspective," Latin American Research Review, Spring, 1993, 28 (2):33-61.

Susan C. Stokes, “Politics and Latin America’s Urban Poor: Reflections from a Lima Shantytown,” Latin American Research Review, 1991, 26 (2):75-99.

RECOMMENDED: Teresa Carrilo, "Women and Independent Unionism in the Garment Industry," in Joe Foweraker and Ann L. Craig, eds., Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico (Boulder, CO: Lynne Riener, 1990), p. 213-33.

Scott Mainwaring, “Urban Popular Movements, Identity, and Democratization in Brazil,” Comparative Political Studies, July 1987, 20 (2):131-54.

29 Wayne A. Cornelius, “Urbanization and Political Demand-Making: Political Participation among the Migrant Poor in Latin American Cities,” American Political Science Review, September 1974, 68 (3):1125-46.

Leilah Landin, "Nongovernmental Organizations in Latin America," World Development, Special Supplement, 1987 (15):29-37.

Joe Foweraker, "Social Movements and Citizenship Rights in Latin America," in Menno Vellinga, ed., The Changing Role of the State in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998), p. 271-97.

Arturo Escobar and Sonia E. Alvarez, eds., The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992), p. 1-8, 317-29.

Joe Foweraker, Theorizing social movements (Boulder: Pluto Press, 1995), p. 24-114.

Leigh A. Payne, “Brazilian Business and the Democratic Transition: New Attitudes and Influence,” in E. Bartell and Leigh A. Payne, eds., Business and Democracy in Latin America (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 1995), p. 217-56.

Ben Ross Schneider, “Organized Business Politics in Democratic Brazil,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Winter 1997-98, 39 (4):95-127.

Francisco Durand and Eduardo Silva, Organized business, economic change, and democracy in Latin America (Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press, c1998).

June Nash, “Cultural Resistance and Class Consciousness in Bolivian Tin-Mining Communities,” in Susan Eckstein, ed., Power and Popular Protest (Berekeley: Unversity of California Press, 1989), p. 182-202.

Kevin J. Middlebrook, "Union Democratization in the Mexican Automobile Industry: An Appraisal," Latin American Research Review, 1989, 24 (2):69-94.

Heather Williams, Planting trouble: the Barzon debtors' movement in Mexico (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, c1996).

Jane S. Jaquette, ed., The women's movement in Latin America: participation and democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).

Lynn Stephen, Women and Social Movements in Latin America: Power from Below (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), p. 1-26, 158-94, 243-60.

LITERARY OVERLAY: Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude OR The Other Mexico in The Labyrinth of Solitude and Other Writings (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1985).

30 Week 15. Revolution REQUIRED Peter Winn, Ch. 13, “Making Revolution,” Americas: The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), p. 492-549.

Margaret Cragan and Peter Smith, “The State of Revolution in the Americas,” in Alfred Stepan, ed., The Americas: New Interpretative Essays (New York: Oxford University Press), p. 79-102.

Leslie E. Anderson, The Political Ecology of the Modern Peasant: Calculation and Community (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994): xiii-61, 119-73.

RECOMMENDED: John A. Booth, “The Socioeconomic and Political Roots of National Revolts in Central America,” Latin American Research Review, 1991, 26 (1):33-73.

Neil Harvey, The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998): 8-245.

Andres Oppenheimer, Bordering on Chaos: Guerrillas, Stockbrokers, Politicians, and Mexico’s Road to Prosperity (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1996): 37-82, 235-262.

George Collier, Basta: Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas (Oakland, CA: Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1994): 1-154.

Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America (New York: W.W. Norton, 1993).

31 Week 16. The mass media in Mexico and Argentina Chappell Lawson, Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and Media Opening in Mexico (Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, Stanford University, 1999), p. 1-11, 99-332.

Sallie Frank, TBA.

Barbara Belejack, "Latin American journalists under the gun," (NACLA Report on the Americas), July-August 1998, 32 (1): 6-10.

Joel Simon, "Hot on the money trail: Latin American journalists are flexing new muscle, exposing scandal, probing corruption, even toppling presidents," Columbia Journalism Review, January-February 1998, 36 (5): 50-55.

Silvio R. Waisbord, "Knocking on Newsroom Doors: The Press and Political Scandals in Argentina,” Political Communication, January 1994, 11 (1):19-33.

RECOMMENDED: Ilya Adler, "The Mexican Case: The Media in the 1988 Presidential Election," in Thomas E. Skidmore, ed., Television, politics, and the transition to democracy in Latin America (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, c1993).

C. P. Kottack, "Television's Impact on Values and Local Life in Brazil," Journal of Communication, Winter 1991, 41 (1):70-87.

Thomas E. Skidmore, ed., Television, politics, and the transition to democracy in Latin America (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, c1993).

Jose Antonio Mayobre, "Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: The Case of Venezuela," in David L. Swanson and Paolo Mancini, eds., Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy (Westport, CT: Prager, 1996), p. 207-25.

Richard R. Cole, ed., Communication in Latin America: journalism, mass media, and society (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996).

32 Week 17. The hemispheric context REQUIRED: Cesar Gaviria, "The future of the hemisphere," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):5-11.

Sidney Weintraub, “U.S.-Latin American Relations,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):59-69.

Ian Vasquez, "Washington's dubious crusade for hemispheric democracy," USA Today Magazine, January 1995, 123(2596):54-58.

Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 235-291.

Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, "Human Rights Advocacy Networks in Latin America," in Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), p. 79-120.

Ron Pagnucco, “The Transnational Strategies of the Service for Peace and Justice in Latin America,” in Jackie Smith, Charles Chatfield, and Ron Pagnucco, eds., Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997), p. 123-35.

Susan Kaufman Purcell, “The Changing Nature of U.S.-Mexico Relations,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):137-52.

David Scott Palmer, “Peru-Ecuador Border Conflict: Missed Opportunities, Misplaced Nationalism, and Multilateral Peacekeeping,” in Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):109-50.

RECOMMENDED: Laurence Whitehead, "International Aspects of Democratization," in Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p. 3-46.

Howard J. Wiarda, "Consensus found, consensus lost: disjunctures in US policy toward Latin America at the turn of the century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring 1997, 39 (1):13-31.

Abraham F. Lowenthal, Exporting democracy: the United States and Latin America (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), p. 90-263.

Jonathan Hartlyn, Lars Schoultz, and Augusto Varas, The United States and Latin America in the 1990s: Beyond the Cold War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1992).

Peter H. Smith, Talons of the Eagle: Dynamics of U.S.-Latin American Relations (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 3-234.

33 Howard J. Wiarda, Democracy and Its Discontents: Development, Interdependence, and U.S. Policy in Latin America (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, c1995).

Richard L. Millett, “The United States and Latin America’s Armed Forces: A Troubled Relationship,” in Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring, 1997, 39 (1):121- 36.

Richard L. Millett, "Beyond sovereignty: international efforts to support Latin American democracy," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Fall 1994, 36 (3):1-23.

Paul Buchanan, “U.S. Defense Policy for the Western Hemisphere,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Spring, 1996, 38 (1):1-32.

Rodolfo de la Garza, “Chicanos and U.S. foreign policy: the future of Chicano-Mexican relations,” in Michael L. Krenn, ed., Race and U.S. Foreign Policy during the Cold War (New York: Garland, 1998).

Jorge I. Dominguez, International Security and Democracy: Latin America and the Caribbean in the Post-Cold War Era (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, c1998).

Jeffrey Davidow, "U.S. foreign policy objectives in Latin America and the Caribbean," U.S. Department of State Dispatch, March-April 1997, 8 (3):29-34.

Stephen C. Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1984).

Nathaniel Davis, The Last Two Years of Salvador Allende (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985).

Franklin W. Knight, “The state of sovereignty and the sovereignty of states,” in Alfred Stepan, ed., Americas: new interpretive essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

LITERARY OVERLAY: Robert Stone, A Flag for Sunrise (New York: Ballantine Books, 1981) OR Octavio Paz, “Mexico and the United States,” The New Yorker, September 17, 1979.