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LTE, LTE-Advanced and Road Towards IMT 2020 (5G)

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LTE, LTE-Advanced and Road Towards IMT 2020 (5G) LTE, LTE-Advanced and Road Towards IMT 2020 (5G) Syed Ismail Shah, PhD Chairman, PTA and Contact: [email protected] Create a fair regulatory regime to promote investment, encourage competition, protect consumer interest and ensure high quality ICT services. Introduction • In the area of cellular wireless communication, policy makers have made mistakes due to lack of understanding of the latest technologies and its evolution • Examples include: – Allocating spectrum according to a particular technology – Non-futuristic allocation of spectrum – Regulations/Policies that restricts technology – Allocating the same band of spectrum for different technologies Introduction (1) • There is a paradigm shift from voice centric to data centric applications and technologies • Some key technologies that are at center of this shift are the Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced and 5G technologies • LTE is based on packet switched technology and will support all forms of electronic communication, i.e., voice, data and video (unicast, multicast as well as broadcast) Evolution of Cellular Networks Reference: http:// http://electronicdesign.com/content/evolution-lte https://i0.wp.com/www.futuretimeline.net/blog/images/1649.gif Evolution 3G and 4G LTE https://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/the-evolution-of-mobile-technologies-1g-to-2g-to-3g-to-4g-lte.pdf 6 Releases 13 and Beyond http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/67-releases Technical Aspects of LTE Comparison of 1G,2G/3G and LTE Architecture http://sunilmobiletelecom.blogspot.com/2013/02/network-architecture-evolution-1g-to-4g.html 9 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-Presence/AsiaPacific/Documents/Events/2015/August-MTV/S3A_Scott_Minehane.pdf Multiple Access Schemes • FDMA • TDMA • CDMA • In LTE we have OFDMA and also MIMO FDM vs. OFDM http://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/eee/performance-analysis-of-ieee-802- 16d-system-using-different-modulation-scheme-under-sui-channel-with-fec.html 12 LTE-Downlink (OFDM) • Improved spectral efficiency • Reduce ISI effect by multipath • Against frequency selective fading http://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/eee/performance-analysis-of-ieee-802-16d-system-using-different-modulation- 13 scheme-under-sui-channel-with-fec.html OFDM: Motivation Reference: http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/bitstream/1860/616/8/Chen_Wei.pdf Multicarrier Modulation Reference: http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/bitstream/1860/616/8/Chen_Wei.pdf Carrier Modulation Multi-Carrier Modulation https://www.ice.rwth-aachen.de/research/algorithms-projects/ofdm/ofdm-and-the-orthogonality-principle/ Unmodulated Subcarriers Orthogonal Subcarriers Unmodulated Sub-Carriers 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 First Carrier Multiplied by the Second Carrier 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 If add the above mentioned signal over the whole duration sum = 0 First Carrier Multiplied by the Fourth Carrier 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 If add the above mentioned signal over the whole duration sum = 0 Second Carrier Multiplied by the Fourth Carrier 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 If add the above mentioned signal over the whole duration sum = 0 Modulated Subcarriers Modulated Sub-Carriers 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Adding the Modulated Subcarriers 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (k 1)( n 1) 1 N j2 x[ n ] X ( k ) eN 1 n N N k1 (1 1)(1 1) (2 1)(1 1) (N 1)(1 1) 1 j2 j 2 j 2 x[1] X (1) eNNN X (2) e ......... X ( N ) e N (1 1)(2 1) (2 1)(2 1) (N 1)(2 1) 1 j2 j 2 j 2 x[2] X (1) eNNN X (2) e ......... X ( N ) e N . (1 1)(N 1) (2 1)(NNN 1) ( 1)( 1) 1 j2 j 2j2 x[ N ] X (1) eN X (2) e NN......... X ( N ) e N OFDM System https://www.researchgate.net/figure/221787426_fig3_Fig-5-A-typical-multi-user-adaptive-OFDM-downlink- Considering-a-multi-user-adaptive The MIMO System and Channel http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/97-lte-advanced OFDM and OFDMA 27 http://www.conniq.com/WiMAX/fdm-ofdm-ofdma-sofdma-02.htm Multi-antenna techniques 28 http://www2.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/ltea/projectdescription.html Bandwidth Supported in LTE – Channel bandwidth: DL bandwidths ranging from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz – Data subcarriers: the number of data subcarriers varies with the bandwidth • 72 for 1.4 MHz to 1200 for 20 MHz http://www.telecom-cloud.net/lte-nuggets/basics-of-lte-dimensioning/ Air Interface Capabilities E-UTRA Air Interface • Waveform OFDM in Downlink SC-FDM in Uplink • MIMO support Downlink: SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO Uplink: Multi-user Collaborative MIMO • Modulation orders for data channels Downlink: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM Uplink: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM (optional) • Data Rates DL: 150Mbps(UE Category 4, 2x2 MIMO, 20MHz bandwidth) DL: 300Mbps(UE category 5, 4x4 MIMO, 20MHz bandwidth) http://www.tutorialspoint.com/lte/lte_basic_parameters.htm How to avoid Inter Symbol Imterference? • Insertion of guard time between each OFDM symbol •This way, after receiving a series of OFDM symbols, as long as the guard time is larger than the delay spread of the channel, each OFDM symbol will interfere only with itself and ISI will be reduced. • To have correctable problem of self interference (red above) we use CP. http://www.slideshare.net/allabout4g/3gpp-lte-rel-8-overview Downlink Channelization Hierarchy https://telecom-knowledge.blogspot.com/2014/03/downlink-channelization-hierarchy.html Downlink - Example http://telecom-knowledge.blogspot.com/2014/03/lte-dl-reference-signals-tx-antenna.html Uplink Channelization Hierarchy Common Dedicated Control Control/Traffic CCCH DCCH DTCH Uplink Logical channels Uplink Transport channels RACH UL-SCH Physical Control Uplink Reference UCI Signals Uplink Physical channels SRS DM-RS PRACH PUCCH PUSCH http://telecom-knowledge.blogspot.com/2014_03_01_archive.html 34 How is voice Handled in LTE? VoLTE • Capacity • Latency Issues – Possible Solutions • IMS Availability – Robustness Issues CSFB Issues • Fall back to 2G/3G – R99 / cdma2000 / CS over HS on HSPA – GSM? • Multiple RF chains – Can one get a voice call while on a data session 35 E-UTRA Air Interface Peak Data Rates Downlink Uplink • ~300 Mbps in 20 MHz • ~75 Mbps in 20 MHz • Assumptions: • Assumptions: – 4 stream MIMO – 14.29% Pilot overhead – 1 Tx antenna (4 Tx antennas) – 14.3% Pilot overhead – 10% common channel overhead – 0.625% random access . Note: This overhead level is overhead adequate to serve 1 – 6.66% waveform overhead UE/subframe. (CP + window) – 6.66% waveform overhead (CP + window) – 10% guard band – 10% guard band – 64-QAM code rate ~1 – 64-QAM code rate ~1 MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION Regulatory and Policy Consideration of LTE • LTE can work with the existing technologies and in many different frequency bands. • The UHF band (300 to 3000 MHz) is consider the best for land based mobile communication due to its propagation characteristics (in terms of range/coverage) • However, lesser bandwidth is available at lower frequencies Carrier Aggregation in LTE • The latest versions of LTE can aggregate spectrum across different frequency bands • This poses lots of regulatory challenges in terms of: – Spectrum allocation. – Base price, band class and – Lot/block size selection LTE-Advanced and its evolution • Carrier Aggregation • Advanced MIMO • HetNet Career Aggregation http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/97-lte-advanced The MIMO System and Channel Reference: Modeling of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Propagation Channels by Kai Yu of KTH http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/97-lte-advanced LTE Frequency Bands Reference: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136100_136199/136101/12.05.00_60/ts_136101v120500p.pdf What bandwidth can be used in different bands? Reference: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136100_136199/136101/12.05.00_60/ts_136101v120500p.pdf Different Combinations and bands Reference: http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/136100_136199/136101/12.05.00_60/ts_136101v120500p.pdf APT700 Band for LTE • 50+ countries and territories allocated, committed to, or recommend APT700 FDD (band 28) for LTE system deployments: • LAC region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela • APAC/Oceania: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, St. Maarten, Taiwan, Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam • Middle East: UAE confirmed adoption of the APT700 lower 2 x 30 MHz duplexer. This is also the preferred frequency arrangement for 700 MHz allocations in Europe and throughout ITU Region 1 • Europe: Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, and UK http://gsacom.com/ APT 700 Deploy- ments http://gsacom.com/ http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/arb/ARO/2014/DB/Docs/S2-Peter.pdf http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/arb/ARO/2014/DB/Docs/S2-Peter.pdf 5G Requirements User Performance Management Operation Architecture Perspective Perspective Perspective Perspective Perspective ms Latency Flat Seamless Energy Structure/Hi work Ultra High Efficient gh Scalability 1-10GB/s Capacity Infrastructure High Analytics New (Peak data TCO Reduction Reliability based NI/BI Contents rate > Flexible and Security Network-as- Low Battery 50Gbps/cell) Configuration Automatic a-Service Consumption Massive Optimization Connectivity & Recovery (IoT) Source: SK Telecom 5G White Paper: SK Telecom view on 5G vision, Architecture, Technology, Service and Spectrum.
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