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Welty Handout EUDORA Welty April 13, 1909-July 23, 2001 Winner of the Pulitzer Prize for The Optimist’s Daughter and the National Book Award for The Collected Stories. Teaching Southern Women Writers NCTE 2009, Philadelphia, PA Sharon Gerald, Jones County Junior College [email protected] www.teacherlytech.net Eudora Welty Guggenheim fellowships, and the French Legion of Honor. Born in Jackson, MS in 1909, She published novels, short Welty became one of the stories, photographs, and non- world’s most beloved fiction works ( including her writers. Despite world- autobiography One Writer’s wide attention, she Beginnings that is a must-read for remained in her North anyone wanting to become a Congress Street home, writer). where she was known to open her door to strangers She was a friend and mentor to to sign autographs. She many writers, such as fellow would even offer them a Mississippian and Pulitzer Prize glass of iced tea. She received great critical acclaim winner Richard Ford who is now in her lifetime, winning the one of the literary executors of her People in Jackson still love to tell Pulitzer Prize for The Optimist’s estate. about seeing Miss Welty at the Daughter and The National Book She wrote about her home state, beauty shop or at her favorite Award for her Collected Stories as and in doing so became a true Jitney Jungle. well as two O. Henry prizes, two treasure of American Letters. 1 WRITERS ON WELTY Richard Bausch Doris Betts Alice Munro I was overwhelmed with a terrible longing...This is my feeling as a It wasn’t until I read Happy Birthday, Miss Welty--tough reader. The writer’s feeling, just as The Ponder Heart, in 1975, that I under fire, tender enough to turn sharp, is a double one. Gratitude and realized the redemptive quality of weeds into orchids. amazed delight. And utter her writing. That book...literally discouragement. Writing can be called me back from the abyss. this good. It’s been done. Something has been proved here. No use now Richard Bausch is the author trying to prove it again. of numerous novels and short story collections. He’s won Alice Munro, known as “The both a Pushcart Prize and an Writers on Canadian Chekhov,” is one of O. Henry Prize. He is a the most renowned writers in professor at The University of the world today. Memphis. Welty I guess the most important element of this great person’s work is charm. It’s in everything she has ever Lee Smith written or done. Doris Betts, Ellen Douglas, My immediate response to Welty’s and Lee Smith are all visit was to read everything she’d ever accomplished Southern written, of course. And it was like Ellen Douglas Women Writers with many that proverbial light bulb clicked on in novels and short stories my head--suddenly, I knew what I The language transformed, raised between them. knew! to a new intensity, the land in which I lived, the people I had heard speak. Quotes from McHaney, Pearl Amelia, ed. Eudora Welty: Writer's Reflections Upon First Reading Welty. Athens, Georgia: Hill Street, 1999. Print. 2 WELTY ON WRITING out. from...“The radiance of from...”The House of from...”Looking at Jane Austen” Short Stories” Willa Cather” ~The future of fiction is a mystery. It ~Clearly the fact that the stories have is like the future of ourselves. ~There is a quality of animation that plots in common is of no more account ~Never did it escape Jane Austen that seems naturally come by, that seems a than that many people have blue the interesting situations of life can born part of every novel. eyes...The plot is the Why. Why? is take place, an notably do, at home. asked and replied to at various depths; ~There is life in that house, the spirit the fishes in the sea are bigger the she made it for, made it out of; it is all deeper we go. To learn that character one substance: it is her might and her is a more awe-inspiring fish from...”Katherine soul, all together, and it abides. and...one several degrees deeper down Anne Porter: The Eye than situation, we have only to read of the Story” from...”Reality in Chekhov. Chekhov’s Stories” ~The fact is, apparently, that in ~Most good stories are about the pressing to our sense of pleasure, we interior of our lives. have entered into another world. We ~And so reality is no single, pure are speaking of beauty. And beauty is ~Ask what time it is in her stories ray, no beacon against the dark. It not a blatant or promiscuous or and you are certain to get the answer: might be thought of as a cluster of obvious quality; indeed, it is the hour is fateful. lesser lights, visible here on earth like associated with reticence, with the windows of a village at night, stubbornness, of a number of kinds. It close together, but not one--some are arises somehow from a desire not to from...”Writing and bright, some dim, some waywardly comply with what may be expected, Analyzing a Story” flickering. All imply people; there but to act inevitably, as long as are people there for every light. some human truth is in sight... ~For the source of the story is usually lyrical. And all writers speak from from...”Words into Fiction” and speak to, emotions eternally the same in all of us: love, pity, terror do ~Writing comes out of a superior devotion to reading. not show favorites or leave any of us 3 THE LYRICISM OF WELTY T H E L YRIC To be lyric means to have musical Here’s another excerpt from the same story in quality. In literature the lyric is which Virgie Rainey is swimming in the Big usually associated with poetry, one Black River after her mother’s death. of the oldest literary forms that evolved, if not out of, at least Memory dappled her like no more alongside music itself. Early lyrics than a paler light, which in slight agitations were often set to music just as they came through leaves, not darkening her are today in song. for more than an instant. The iron taste of the old river was sweet to her, though. Lyric poetry is also often personal. If she opened her eyes she looked Many love poems are lyrics, at blue bottles, the skating waterbugs. though the lyric doesn’t have to be If she trembled it was at the smoothness about love so much as about an of a fish or snake that crossed her knees. individual experience of perception and emotion. These lines are of Virgie reminiscing about her piano Lyric qualities are created in teacher, Miss Eckhart: poetry with the help of line breaks, rhythms, and even rhymes. We don’t always speak of those With her hate, with her love, qualities as elements of fiction, but and with the small gnawing feelings some prose is very musical. that ate at them, she offered Virgie Indeed, the lyricism of Eudora her Beethoven. She offered, offered, Welty’s prose is one of its biggest offered—and when Virgie was young, strengths. in the strange wisdom of youth that is accepting of more than is given, Look at some of these excerpts she had accepted the Beethoven, from her work as examples. They as with the dragon’s blood. appear in normal paragraph form in her stories but have been That was the gift she had touched divided with poetic line breaks with her fingers that had drifted and left her. here to emphasize the point. Lines from “The Wanderers” What are the lyrical qualities in these excepts? Where All was one warmth, air, water, and her own body. All seemed one weight, can you find musical elements like rhythm? Where has one matter—until she put down her head repetition been used to create musicality? How do the and closed her eyes and the light slipped descriptions evoke sounds and/or appeal to the other under her lids, she felt senses? How do Virgie’s emotions come through in this matter a translucent one, these descriptions? the river, herself, the sky all vessels which the sun filled up. 4 EXERCISE IN THE LYRIC Find a Poem in a Story Exercise Example: Lines from Eudora Welty’s “Livvie,” arranged by Sharon Gerald Read a story by Eudora Welty. Look for poetic lines in the story, This was the way he looked in his clothes, and create your own arrangement F a different and smaller man, holding of those lines as your own “found” his Bible. Like somebody kin to himself. poem. O Try to make your poem express a He was the same to her as if he was dead, general tone, mood, or theme far away in his sleep—small, relentless, found in the story you have U and devout. Outside, the ground selected. scarred in deep whorls, every vestige N of grass patiently uprooted. Even old men dreamed D about something pretty. Example: Like a commotion in the room, Lines from Eudora Welty’s “The Whistle” the frogs sung out. In Solomon’s face, arranged by Sharon Gerald came an animation that could P play hide and seek, that would dart Sarah’s body was weightless as a strip of cain, and escape, had always escaped. like a vain dream, like the commotion of some O clumsy nodding old bear trying to climb a tree, The mystery flickered in him, heard by nobody at all.
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