DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of the Self-Incompatibility System in the Brassicaceae: Identification of S-Locus Receptor Kinase (SRK ) in Self-Incompatible Capsella Grandiflora

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of the Self-Incompatibility System in the Brassicaceae: Identification of S-Locus Receptor Kinase (SRK ) in Self-Incompatible Capsella Grandiflora Heredity (2006) 97, 283–290 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/06 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy Evolution of the self-incompatibility system in the Brassicaceae: identification of S-locus receptor kinase (SRK ) in self-incompatible Capsella grandiflora M Paetsch, S Mayland-Quellhorst and B Neuffer Department of Systematic Botany, University of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrae 11, Osnabrueck 49076, Germany Self-incompatibility (SI) has been well studied in the genera sequence and structure. Our phylogenetic analysis supports Brassica and Arabidopsis, which have become models for the scenario of differing SI evolution along the two lineages investigation into the SI system. To understand the evolution (The Brassica lineage and Arabidopsis/Capsella lineage). of the SI system in the Brassicaceae, comparative analyses Our results also argue that the ancestral S-locus lacked the of the S-locus in genera other than Brassica and Arabidopsis SLG gene (S-locus glycoprotein) and that the diversification are necessary. We report the identification of six putative of S-alleles predates the separation of Arabidopsis and S-locus receptor kinase genes (SRK) in natural populations Capsella. of Capsella grandiflora, an SI species from a genus which is Heredity (2006) 97, 283–290. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800854; closely related to Arabidopsis. These S-alleles display published online 14 June 2006 striking similarities to the Arabidopsis lyrata SRK alleles in Keywords: self-incompatibility; Capsella; S-locus receptor kinase; S-alleles; Brassicaceae; natural populations Introduction S-locus is a complex locus spanning about 20 kb up to 200 kb and containing several physically linked tran- In more than 50% of angiosperms species, outbreeding scriptional units that cosegregate with SI phenotype. A is promoted by the action of a self-incompatibility (SI) subset of genes within the S-locus-complex is highly system (Brewbaker, 1959), which allows the stigma to polymorphic as would be expected for genes involved in reject self-pollen. The Brassicaceae are characterised by a recognition. To reflect this complexity, the ‘S-alleles’ of sporophytic SI system; the SI phenotype is determined classical SI genetics are sometimes referred to as ‘S by the diploid genotype of the parent plant. The genetics haplotypes’ (eg Nasrallah and Nasrallah, 1993). Com- of SI in the Brassicaceae were deciphered in the early parative mapping of different S haplotypes has demon- 1950s by Bateman (1955) who described control by a strated that they vary not only in the sequence of their SI single Mendelian locus, the S-locus, which exists as genes but also in their order, relative orientation, and multiple alleles, each of which encodes a distinct mating spacing between the genes (Boyes and Nasrallah, 1993; specificity. Starting in the 1980s, molecular methods were Cui et al, 1999; Suzuki et al, 1999). Three highly applied to the study of SI, focussing on the genera polymorphic genes are involved in the SI response: Brassica (reviewed by Kemp and Doughty, 2003) and SLG (S-locus glycoprotein), SCR/SP11 (S-locus cystein Arabidopsis (Kusaba et al, 2001; Schierup et al, 2001; rich), and SRK (S-locus receptor kinase). The genes are Charlesworth et al, 2003a, b; Mable et al, 2003) as model tightly linked and behave as a single Mendelian locus plants for sporophytic SI. Recent molecular knowledge (S-locus). SRK is a plasmamembrane-spanning protein strongly argues for an ancient and monophyletic origin localised in stigmas and has been found to be the female of SI in the Brassicaceae (reviewed by Fobis-Loisy et al, determinant (reviewed by Kemp and Doughty, 2003). Its 2004). Thus it appears, that SI is the ancestral system in extracellular domain (Exon 1: ‘S-domain’) is highly the Brassicaceae, that self-fertility is a derived condition, polymorphic between S-alleles. SCR/SP11 has been and that self-compatible species (SC) have arisen via identified as the male determinant of the SI response mutation of the genes important for SI. (Schopfer et al, 1999; Suzuki et al, 1999). It encodes a small cystein-rich protein which is secreted to the surface of the pollen grain and shows an even higher degree of The S-locus in Brassica and Arabidopsis polymorphism than SRK.InBrassica, the majority of Molecular analyses of the S-locus region in the Brassica- polymorphisms in the S-domain are concentrated in ceae, namely in the genus Brassica, have shown that the three hypervariable (HV-) regions which have been suggested to play a role in determining allele-specificity Correspondence: M Paetsch, Department of Systematic Botany, University and thus might be an important factor in the generation of Osnabrueck, Barbarastrae 11, Osnabrueck 49076, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] of new S-haplotypes (Miege et al, 2001). HV-regions in Received 12 July 2005; accepted 3 May 2006; published online 14 Arabidopsis are not so clearly distinctive; polymorphic June 2006 sites are distributed more evenly over the complete Identification of S-alleles in Capsella M Paetsch et al 284 sequence (Schierup et al, 2001). SLG is similar to the Materials and methods extracellular domain of SRK and probably originated by a duplication of the SRK S-domain (eg Nasrallah, 1994). Plant material and DNA preparation It is found in Brassica and Raphanus (Sakamoto et al, C. grandiflora seed material was individually collected on 1998), but not in Arabidopsis lyrata (Kusaba et al, 2001; the mainland of Greece and the Greek island of Corfu, C. Schierup et al, 2001). It appears not to be essential for the rubella from different Mediterranean countries (Table 1). SI response but may have an accessory function in Progeny of 5–10 individuals of each population were stabilising the active S-receptor complex (reviewed in grown in the greenhouse. Voucher specimens are Kemp and Doughty, 2003). The current model of SI deposited in the Herbarium OSBU. DNA was extracted response is that SCR/SP11 interacts with the extracellular from young leaves (0.5–1.0 g) using the following CTAB domain of the SRK protein, and the binding of the two method (Doyle and Doyle, 1987; modified). Leaves were proteins induces phosphorylation of SRK which initiates homogenised in liquid nitrogen, mixed with 2 Â CTAB a signalling cascade leading to inhibition of self-pollen. and b-mercaptoethanol and incubated for 1 h at 601C. DNA was extracted with chloroform in two steps, and precipitated through incubation with ice-cold The genus Capsella isopropanol for 30 min. After centrifugation, pellets were The genus Capsella comprises three species, two diploids washed twice with 70% ethanol, dried, resuspended in and one tetraploid. Distribution of Capsella grandiflora 100 ml water (autoclaved HPLC-water), and stored (FAUCHEZ &CHAUB)BOISS.(2Â ) is restricted to Western at 41C. Greece, Albania and northern Italy. C. rubella REUTER. (2 Â ) is distributed in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and followed European settlers occasionally into the New World and Australia (Figure 1) (Hurka and Neuffer, Table 1 Origin of Capsella seed material 1997; H Hurka, personal communication). C. grandiflora Pop. no. Provenance Elevation represents the ancestral obligate outbreeding species (SI) a.s.l. from which two self-compatible species, C. rubella and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) MED.(4Â ), originated (Hurka C. grandiflora and Neuffer, 1997). The breakdown of the SI system in 900 Greece: Corfu: Acharavi 3 m 391470N, 191480E Capsella SC-species coincides with reduction in flower 923 Greece: W-Peloponnes: Vrosina 90 m size (Figure 1) (Hurka and Neuffer, 1997; Neuffer and 391390N, 201310E Hurka, 1999). Capsella appears to be closely related to 924 Greece: W-Peloponnes: Botzaras 250 m Arabidopsis (Koch et al, 2000, 2001) on the basis of 391400N, 201350E sequence data from various nuclear genes and cpDNA. 926 Greece: W-Peloponnes: Votonosi 750 m 0 0 Comparative genome analysis has revealed extensive 39146 N, 21107 E 927 Greece: W-Peloponnes: Metsovo 1150 m conservation of genome organisation among Arabidopsis 391460N, 211100E thaliana and C. rubella (Acarkan et al, 2000; Koch and 934 Greece: W-Peloponnes: Metsovo 1350 m Kiefer, 2005). Owing to this close relationship it should 391460N, 211100E be possible to make use of the present knowledge of Arabidopsis SI in research on Capsella. It is therefore a C. rubella promising new object for further investigations on the 774 Italy: Mt. Gargano; 800 m 411500N, 161000E Brassicaceae S-locus in natural populations. 1241 Spain: Sierra de Guadalupe: 511 m The overall objective of our research is to better monastery; understand the evolution of the SI system within the 391270N, 51190W Brassicaceae. There is urgent need to analyse more wild 1249 Portugal: Sintra near Lisbon; 143 m species for comparative analyses. The aim of the present 381240N, 71230W 1504 Spain: Canary Islands: La Palma; 750 m study was to identify S-locus genes in the genus Capsella, 1 0 1 0 beginning with the self-incompatible C. grandiflora, and 28 40 N, 17 52 W to relate the SI systems of Capsella to Arabidopsis and Pop. no. ¼ Population numbers in collection of Capsella Seed Bank Brassica. (University of Osnabrueck). Capsella grandiflora 2x; self-incompatible 0.5 cm Capsella rubella 0.5 cm 2x; self-compatible Figure 1 Distribution and flower morphology of diploid Capsella species. The outcrossing C. grandiflora presents fragrant and attractive flowers due to dependence on pollinators and is restricted to a small area (black asterisk). In the selfing C. rubella breakdown of SI system coincides with reduction of flower size, loss of fragrance and colonising ability (hatched dots). Heredity Identification of S-alleles in Capsella M Paetsch et al 285 Amplification, cloning and sequencing Capsella sequences were aligned with the most similar For PCR amplification primers SLGf(50-AGAACCTATG sequences indicated by BLAST (for accession numbers CATGGGTTGC-30) and SLGr(50-ATCTGACATAAA see Table 2).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Selfing Syndrome Overshadows Other Differences When Comparing
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.26.398016; this version posted November 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 The selfing syndrome overshadows other differences when 2 comparing fitness across Capsella species 3 4 5 Marion Orsucci1, Theofilos Vanikiotis2, Maria Guerrina1, Tianlin Duan1, Sylvain Glémin3, Martin 6 Lascoux1 7 8 1 Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre and Science for Life 9 Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden 10 2 Department of Biological Applications & Technology, University of Ioannina, Leof. S. 11 Niarchou GR-451 10, Ioannina, Greece 12 3 UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus Beaulieu, bât 14a, p.118, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, 13 France 14 15 16 Corresponding authors: Martin Lascoux ([email protected]), Marion Orsucci 17 ([email protected]) 18 19 20 Running title: Influence of mating system on life history traits in Capsella spp. 21 22 23 Key words: mating system, ploidy, life history traits, environmental disturbance 24 25 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.26.398016; this version posted November 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 26 SUMMARY 27 Self-fertilization has recurrently evolved from outcrossing. Self-fertilization provides an advantage 28 in the short-term as individuals do not require a mate to reproduce, but self-fertilization is also 29 associated with both decreased genetic diversity and accumulation of weakly deleterious mutations, 30 which could, however, be alleviated in polyploid selfers.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Gene Mapping in Arabidopsis Lyrata Chromosomes 1 and 2 and the Corresponding A
    Genet. Res., Camb. (2006), 87, pp. 75–85. f 2006 Cambridge University Press 75 doi:10.1017/S0016672306008020 Printed in the United Kingdom Comparative gene mapping in Arabidopsis lyrata chromosomes 1 and 2 and the corresponding A. thaliana chromosome 1: recombination rates, rearrangements and centromere location BENGT HANSSON1 #, AKIRA KAWABE1,SONJAPREUSS1, HELMI KUITTINEN2 AND DEBORAH CHARLESWORTH1* 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK 2 Department of Biology, PL 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland (Received 7 November 2005 and in revised form 23 December 2006) Summary To add detail to the genetic map of Arabidopsis lyrata, and compare it with that of A. thaliana, we have developed many additional markers in the A. lyrata linkage groups, LG1 and LG2, corresponding to A. thaliana chromosome 1. We used a newly developed method for marker development for single nucleotide polymorphisms present in gene sequences, plus length differences, to map genes in an A. lyrata family, including variants in several genes close to the A. thaliana centromere 1, providing the first data on the location of an A. lyrata centromere; we discuss the implications for the evolution of chromosome 1 of A. thaliana. With our larger marker density, large rearrangements between the two Arabidopsis species are excluded, except for a large inversion on LG2. This was previously known in Capsella; its presence in A. lyrata suggests that, like most other rearrangements, it probably arose in the A. thaliana lineage. Knowing that marker orders are similar, we can now compare homologous, non-rearranged map distances to test the prediction of more frequent crossing-over in the more inbreeding species.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Arabidopsis Thaliana
    Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 28, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press RESEARCH A Physical Map of Chromosome 2 of Arabidopsis thaliana Eve Ann Zachgo, 2,4 Ming Li Wang, 1'2'4 Julia Dewdney, 1'2 David Bouchez, 3 Christine Carnilleri, 3 Stephen Belmonte, 2 Lu Huang, 2 Maureen Dolan, 2 and Howard M. Goodman 1'2'5 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and 2Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; 3Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 78026 Versailles CEDEX, France A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC] physical map of chromosome 2 of Arabidopsis thaliana has been constructed by hybridization of 69 DNA markers and 61 YAC end probes to gridded arrays of YAC clones. Thirty-four YACs in four contigs define the chromosome. Complete closure of the map was not attained because some regions of the chromosome were repetitive or were not represented in the YAC library. Based on the sizes of the YACs and their coverage of the chromosome, the length of chromosome 2 is estimated to be at least 18 Mb. These data provide the means for immediately identifying the YACs containing a genetic locus mapped on Arabidopsis chromosome 2. The small flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana is ters (Maluszynska and Heslop-Harrison 1991; A1- an excellent model system for metabolic, genetic, bini 1994; Copenhaver et al. 1995). We present and developmental studies in plants. Its haploid here a YAC contig physical map of chromosome nuclear genome is small (-100 Mb), consisting of 2 of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Diversification of the Plant Gibberellin Receptor GID1
    Evolution and diversification of the plant gibberellin receptor GID1 Hideki Yoshidaa,b, Eiichi Tanimotoc, Takaaki Hiraia, Yohei Miyanoirid,e, Rie Mitania, Mayuko Kawamuraa, Mitsuhiro Takedad,f, Sayaka Takeharaa, Ko Hiranoa, Masatsune Kainoshod,g, Takashi Akagih, Makoto Matsuokaa,1, and Miyako Ueguchi-Tanakaa,1 aBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Aichi, Japan; bKihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 244-0813 Kanagawa, Japan; cGraduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501 Aichi, Japan; dStructural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Aichi, Japan; eResearch Center for State-of-the-Art Functional Protein Analysis, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan; fDepartment of Structural BioImaging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 862-0973 Kumamoto, Japan; gGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, 192-0397 Tokyo, Japan; and hGraduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan Edited by Mark Estelle, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved July 10, 2018 (received for review April 9, 2018) The plant gibberellin (GA) receptor GID1 shows sequence similarity erwort Marchantia polymorpha (5–7). Furthermore, Hirano et al. to carboxylesterase (CXE). Here, we report the molecular evolution (5) reported that GID1s in the lycophyte Selaginella moellen- of GID1 from establishment to functionally diverse forms in dorffii (SmGID1s) have unique properties in comparison with eudicots. By introducing 18 mutagenized rice GID1s into a rice angiosperm GID1s: namely, lower affinity to bioactive GAs and gid1 null mutant, we identified the amino acids crucial for higher affinity to inactive GAs (lower specificity).
    [Show full text]
  • Concerted Genomic and Epigenomic Changes Accompany Stabilization of Arabidopsis Allopolyploids
    ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01523-y Concerted genomic and epigenomic changes accompany stabilization of Arabidopsis allopolyploids Xinyu Jiang 1, Qingxin Song 1,2, Wenxue Ye 1 and Z. Jeffrey Chen 2 ✉ During evolution successful allopolyploids must overcome ‘genome shock’ between hybridizing species but the underlying pro- cess remains elusive. Here, we report concerted genomic and epigenomic changes in resynthesized and natural Arabidopsis suecica (TTAA) allotetraploids derived from Arabidopsis thaliana (TT) and Arabidopsis arenosa (AA). A. suecica shows con- served gene synteny and content with more gene family gain and loss in the A and T subgenomes than respective progenitors, although A. arenosa-derived subgenome has more structural variation and transposon distributions than A. thaliana-derived subgenome. These balanced genomic variations are accompanied by pervasive convergent and concerted changes in DNA methylation and gene expression among allotetraploids. The A subgenome is hypomethylated rapidly from F1 to resynthesized allotetraploids and convergently to the T-subgenome level in natural A. suecica, despite many other methylated loci being inher- ited from F1 to all allotetraploids. These changes in DNA methylation, including small RNAs, in allotetraploids may affect gene expression and phenotypic variation, including flowering, silencing of self-incompatibility and upregulation of meiosis- and mitosis-related genes. In conclusion, concerted genomic and epigenomic changes may improve stability and adaptation during polyploid evolution. olyploidy or whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a perva- species, including Aly24, Aha25 and Aka26, having been sequenced, sive feature of genome evolution in animals and flowering A. arenosa and A. suecica genomes are unavailable, except for a draft Pplants1–6.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Position and Generic Limits of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae)
    PHYLOGENETIC POSITION Steve L. O'Kane, Jr.2 and Ihsan A. 3 AND GENERIC LIMITS OF Al-Shehbaz ARABIDOPSIS (BRASSICACEAE) BASED ON SEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA1 ABSTRACT The primary goals of this study were to assess the generic limits and monophyly of Arabidopsis and to investigate its relationships to related taxa in the family Brassicaceae. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, including 5.8S rDNA, were used in maximum parsimony analyses to construct phylogenetic trees. An attempt was made to include all species currently or recently included in Arabidopsis, as well as species suggested to be close relatives. Our ®ndings show that Arabidopsis, as traditionally recognized, is polyphyletic. The genus, as recircumscribed based on our results, (1) now includes species previously placed in Cardaminopsis and Hylandra as well as three species of Arabis and (2) excludes species now placed in Crucihimalaya, Beringia, Olimar- abidopsis, Pseudoarabidopsis, and Ianhedgea. Key words: Arabidopsis, Arabis, Beringia, Brassicaceae, Crucihimalaya, ITS phylogeny, Olimarabidopsis, Pseudoar- abidopsis. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was ®rst rec- netic studies and has played a major role in un- ommended as a model plant for experimental ge- derstanding the various biological processes in netics over a half century ago (Laibach, 1943). In higher plants (see references in Somerville & Mey- recent years, many biologists worldwide have fo- erowitz, 2002). The intraspeci®c phylogeny of A. cused their research on this plant. As indicated by thaliana has been examined by Vander Zwan et al. Patrusky (1991), the widespread acceptance of A. (2000). Despite the acceptance of A.
    [Show full text]
  • IEG News June Edition
    June 2019 IEG News June edition News from the Head of the Department I wish everyone at the department a nice summer - relaxing vacations, and successful work in the field or elsewhere. Thank you all for contributions during the past academic year! For the upcoming fall, don’t forget the following important events: - The dean of biology has invited all senior scientists (“PIs”) to strategic discussions about biology at Uppsala University on August 28 - see mail sent by Staffan Svärd on June 5 for details and reg- istration. - The annual biology teacher days, August 22-23 - see mail from Henning Blom on June 3 for de- tails and registration. - The annual IEG Day will take place 8th of November - a full day of information, interactions, and discussion on topics of importance to the success of IEG as an excellent academic environment. There will also be research presentations, and a party. Old colleague moves on to new challenges Stefan Bertilsson leaves us for a professor position at the Department of Aquatic Sciences and As- sessment at SLU. Good luck to Stefan in his new job, and we look forward to coming inter-univer- sity cooperation! At the farewell celebration, we equipped him with some relevant tools for his fu- ture at the agricultural university. Stefan will still be around to some extent to finalize supervision. Photos courtesy of Lars Tranvik News from the administration Travelling on a business trip? Business trips must be booked through Lingmerth’s travel agency, which is the university’s pro- cured supplier, read more on the Employee Portal (Medarbetarportalen).
    [Show full text]
  • Arabidopsis and Relatives As Models for the Study of Genetic And
    Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on March 29, 2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2010) 365, 1815–1823 doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0304 Review Arabidopsis and relatives as models for the study of genetic and genomic incompatibilities Kirsten Bomblies† and Detlef Weigel* Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tu¨bingen, Germany The past few years have seen considerable advances in speciation research, but whether drift or adaptation is more likely to lead to genetic incompatibilities remains unknown. Some of the answers will probably come from not only studying incompatibilities between well-established species, but also from investigating incipient speciation events, to learn more about speciation as an evolutionary process. The genus Arabidopsis, which includes the widely used Arabidopsis thaliana, provides a useful set of model species for studying many aspects of population divergence. The genus contains both self-incompatible and incompatible species, providing a platform for studying the impact of mating system changes on genetic differentiation. Another important path to plant speciation is via formation of polyploids, and this can be investigated in the young allotetraploid species A. arenosa. Finally, there are many cases of intraspecific incompatibilities in A. thaliana, and recent progress has been made in discovering the genes underlying both F1 and F2 breakdown. In the near future, all these studies will be greatly empowered by complete genome sequences not only for all members of this relatively small genus, but also for many different individuals within each species. Keywords: speciation; Arabidopsis; hybrid incompatibility; self-incompatibility; polyploid speciation 1. INTRODUCTION thaliana, provide a useful set of model plants for study- It is widely accepted that a common path to speciation ing several aspects of speciation processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography and Diversification of Brassicales
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99 (2016) 204–224 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: A 103 million year tale ⇑ Warren M. Cardinal-McTeague a,1, Kenneth J. Sytsma b, Jocelyn C. Hall a, a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada b Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA article info abstract Article history: Brassicales is a diverse order perhaps most famous because it houses Brassicaceae and, its premier mem- Received 22 July 2015 ber, Arabidopsis thaliana. This widely distributed and species-rich lineage has been overlooked as a Revised 24 February 2016 promising system to investigate patterns of disjunct distributions and diversification rates. We analyzed Accepted 25 February 2016 plastid and mitochondrial sequence data from five gene regions (>8000 bp) across 151 taxa to: (1) Available online 15 March 2016 produce a chronogram for major lineages in Brassicales, including Brassicaceae and Arabidopsis, based on greater taxon sampling across the order and previously overlooked fossil evidence, (2) examine Keywords: biogeographical ancestral range estimations and disjunct distributions in BioGeoBEARS, and (3) determine Arabidopsis thaliana where shifts in species diversification occur using BAMM. The evolution and radiation of the Brassicales BAMM BEAST began 103 Mya and was linked to a series of inter-continental vicariant, long-distance dispersal, and land BioGeoBEARS bridge migration events. North America appears to be a significant area for early stem lineages in the Brassicaceae order. Shifts to Australia then African are evident at nodes near the core Brassicales, which diverged Cleomaceae 68.5 Mya (HPD = 75.6–62.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Coordination of Biradial-To-Radial Symmetry and Tissue Polarity by HD
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24550-6 OPEN Coordination of biradial-to-radial symmetry and tissue polarity by HD-ZIP II proteins ✉ Monica Carabelli1,4, Luana Turchi1, Giorgio Morelli 2, Lars Østergaard 3,5 , Ida Ruberti1,5,6 & ✉ Laila Moubayidin 3,4 Symmetry establishment is a critical process in the development of multicellular organs and requires careful coordination of polarity axes while cells actively divide within tissues. For- 1234567890():,; mation of the apical style in the Arabidopsis gynoecium involves a bilateral-to-radial sym- metry transition, a stepwise process underpinned by the dynamic distribution of the plant morphogen auxin. Here we show that SPATULA (SPT) and the HECATE (HEC) bHLH pro- teins mediate the final step in the style radialisation process and synergistically control the expression of adaxial-identity genes, HOMEOBOX ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 3 (HAT3) and ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 4 (ATHB4). HAT3/ATHB4 module drives radialisation of the apical style by promoting basal-to-apical auxin flow and via a negative feedback mechanism that finetune auxin distribution through repression of SPT expression and cyto- kinin sensitivity. Thus, this work reveals the molecular basis of axes-coordination and hor- monal cross-talk during the sequential steps of symmetry transition in the Arabidopsis style. 1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy. 2 Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy. 3 Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK. 4These authors contributed ✉ equally: Monica Carabelli, Laila Moubayidin. 5These authors jointly supervised this work: Lars Østergaard, Ida Ruberti.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Quality Assessment Report
    FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al.
    [Show full text]