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espite its small population and remoteness, Australia has won international recognition for ,~, ,',Ied by Barry Jones Ddistinguished contributions in many fields - ':,.'" politics, literature, the arts, sport, business, law and science. Choosing 75 names, one for each year of Qantas' .,.... history, was a challenging, sometimes invidious task.task. The selection is highly personal. I am notoriously remote from sport and popular music and I have also had to guard against political prejudice. Some major figures who lived in the Qantas years, such as Nellie Melba,Melba. Daniel Mannix, Billy Hughes, Henry Lawson, Banjo . Paterson, Mary Gilmore and Arthur Streeton were ".;,: excluded because their major impact was before 1920. , Women have had great difficulty in breaking through the professional 'glass ceiling', except in the arts, literature, nursing and medicine. No women served in a State Parliament until 1921 (Edith Cowan in Western Australia), Federal Parliament until 1943 (Enid Lyons and Dorothy Tangney), as a Supreme Court judge until 1965 (Roma Mitchell in South Australia). as President of the Australian Academy of Science until 1970 (Dorothy Hill), as a State Premier until 1990 (Carmen Lawrencelawrence in Western Australia) or as a High Court judge until 1991 (Mary Gaudron). Aboriginal achievement in Australia has been unrecognised or undervalued, partly because of an assumption of 'white supremacy', also because numbers were low and access to education almost non·existent.non-existent. , From European settlement in 1788, Australia was dominated by settlers from the British Isles until Arthur '''''~er and iaw/er. Barry Jones IS therhO' author of The Macmillan L f 1 Calwell'sCalwell'$ mass migration scheme in 1947 set the l; r'Cr,C 88'IX](,')Dny1X]r;)Dny and Barry Jones' Cir:tlonary Of World Biography.Biography.. ,'"'12"'e i,: '';'re"; ':e ores/demoreSldenr f)! the Australian LaDor~aDor Parry. an executive dlfo/.'or foundations for 'multicultural' Australia. ~::
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Dr H. C. 'Nugget' Coombs Stanley Melbourne Bruce (1906- J.). Born in Western (1883-1967). Prime MinIsterMinister Australia. Banker, economist 1923·29.1923-29. Spent only 34 years and pubhcpublic servant. Played a of his long life in Australia. f~ deCisivedeCIsIVe role In shaping policy With hiS deputy, Earle Page, he .~ and community attitudes in created many important '!t. 'Q) ,,~ .-..~...1 ,~ banking, higher education, Australian Institutions, ,~4"," ". the arts and AborlgmalAbonglnal affairs. including the CSIRO and the Australian Bureau of StatistICs.StatistICS. Established Canberra as the nationalnatIOnal capital.capitaL
Hudson Fysh (1895·1974). Robert Gordon Menzies Became manager of Qantas in (1894-1978).(1894·1978). Our longest·longest 1923, retiringretJring as chairman in serving Prime Minister: 19391939- 1966. An aViator, like Charles 41, 1949-66. Melbourne QC. Kingsford Smith and Reg He created the liberalLiberal Party in Ansett, until 1930. He was a 1944 after its predecessor viSionaryvisionary and internationalist. collapsed, and was an effective orator and tactiCian who won seven elections.
Rupert Murdoch (1931-).(193'- J. John Curtin (1885-1945). Son of Sir Keith Murdoch Trade UnionistuniOnist and Journalist. who ran The Herald And Prime Minister 1941·45.1941-45. Weekly Times. Turned News United the labor movement Corporation into one of the Worked with General world's major media owners, MacArthur inIn meeting the but became a US Citizen Japanese threat, and died in 1985. with Vldoryvidory in sight.Sight.
Kerry Packer (1937· ). Ben Chifley (1885-1951). Inherited Consolidated Press Ex-engineEx·engine driver. Australia's from Sir Frank Packer and Treasurer 1941-491941·49 and Prime expanded a media empire that Minister 1945-49.1945·49. He worked mcludesIncludes televIsion, magazines, loyally With Curtin. With and a mmorltyminority shareholdmgshareholding mIn 'Nugget' Coombs and others newspapers. he created the model for post-war reconstruction. • 1~"' (', 'i
Gough Whitlam (1916-).(1916- l. Dr H. V. 'Bert' Evatt (1894-(1894 Patrician in style, led Labor 1965). Brilliant lawyer and 0967-77),0967-77l, ending 23 years Inin High Court judge. Minister for Opposition to become Prime External Affairs 1941-49. Was MinisterMinIster 1972-75. His an architect of the United dismissal by Sir John Kerr Nations and of Australia's (November 1975) remains foreIgnforeign policy. He was an deeply controversial. HisHIs erratic Labor leader 1951-60. reforms in foreign policy, education, the arts, Australian honors,honors. law reform have mostly survived and he is now Bob Hawke (1929- ).), Enjoyed a national icon. extraordinary popularity as President of the Australian Council of Trade UnionsUnIOns Arthur Augustus Calwell (1970-80). Led Labor to four (1896-1973). Immigration election wins,wins. and was Prime Minister 1945-49. Organised Minister 1983-91. His large-scale European Memoirs (1994) were migration and passionately controversial.controversiaL opposed the Vietnam War as Labor leader 1960-67. Paul John Keating (1944- l.). Left school early. Became a Federal MP at 25.25, was Treasurer 1983-91,1983·91, displacing Hawke as Prime Minister in 1991. He is a brilliant Parliamentary performer of the take-no-prisoners school. Bill Hayden (1933- ). He transformed the Australian Ex-QueenslandEx·Queensland policeman. economy and has fought to Largely self-educated,self-educated. came entrench native title. up the hard way to become Treasurer 1975,1975. Labor leader Neville Wran (1926- ). 1977-83,1977·83, Foreign Minister Successful Sydney QC, Premier 1983-881983·88 and GovernorGovernor· of New South Wales 1976-86. General 1989-96. Chaired CSIRO 1986-91 and became a merchant banker. He was a masterly strategist.
John Grey Gorton (1911-). Malcolm Fraser (1930- ). Oxford-educated,Oxford·educated, RAAF fighter Oxford-educated. then a pilot and citrus grower. Was an graZler. Liberal MP 1955-83. unexpected choice as Prime Kerr sacked Whltlam in 1975; Minister and Liberalliberal leader Fraser was appointed Prime 1968-1968· 71 after Harold Holt Minister,Minister. won three elections. disappeared. He opened up new then lost to Hawke. He was a approaches in foreign policy,policy. radical on some issues.issues, relationships with the states and opposing racIsm and the arts (especially film). supporting a republic """"" ." " 1 h ~
Garfield Barwick (1903- ). Michael Kirby (1939-).(1939·). A Was Sydney's leading QC. judge since 1975,1975. President of01 then liberal MP 1958-64, the New South Wales Court(oun of Attorney General 1958-64,1958·64, Appeal since 1984. Has an Foreign Minister 1961-64 and almost InllmidatingIntimidating Intellectual Chief Justice 1964-81. He range, including cnmmology,cnminology, advised Governor-General information theory, AIDS, John Kerr on Whitlam's transborder data /lOINS,floW'S, human dismissal. rights,fights, literacy and musIC.
Carmen Mary Lawrence (1948- J.). A clinical psychologist, she became a labor MlA in Western Australia In 1986 and Zelman Cowen (1919- ). Was was Australia's first woman dean of law at Melboutne Premier 1990-93. She then University 195'\1951-66, -66, Vice transferred to the Chancellor at Queensland Commonweaith Parliament as University 1970-771970~77 and Minister for Human Services Governor-General 1977-82. and Health. Provided a "touch of healing" ,,. after the controversial Sir John Joan Elizabeth Kirner Kerr. He is a prolillcprolific writer. (1938-).(1938- l. Was a schoolteacher, - ardent community activist,actIvist, - VictOrianVictorian MP 1982-94, held portfolios In enVIronment and education, succeeding John (alnCain as Premier 1990-92.
Ninian Stephen (1923-(1923-).l. Oxford-born,Oxford·born, educated in Scotland, England and Switzerland. Became a Owen Dixon (1886-1972l.(1886-1972), Melbourne barrister and High Mentor of. MenZIes,Menzies, he was a Court judge 1972-82. A High Court Judge from 1929, surprise appointment as a Chief Justice 1952·64'952~64 and Governor·General 1982-89;1982·89; received the Order of Merit in like Zelman Cowen and Bill 1963. Hayden, he handled it superbly. He became a judge of the International War Crimes Tribunal and was made a Kntght of the Garter in 1994. Lionel Murphy (1922·1986).(1922-1986>' Labor Senator 1962·75.1962-75. Was Elizabeth Andreas Evatt !'~.;~'-~ . .~ Attorney·GeneralAttorney-General 1972-751972·75 (1933- ). A niece of Dr 'Bert' and a controversial High Court Evatt. Became Chief Judge of ~.~~, ~- Judge ,1975-86 975-86 whose the FamilyFamIly Court in 1976. '.:...•.1~~.~~~.-.,.' ~ '/,1" dissenlingdissenting approaches were Chatred(hatred the Law Reform .~ ..... ~ ~ ~.-: ·1--, ultImately adopted by the Commission 1988·93.1988-93. She IS -~. majority a tireless campaigner for human rights and the status A·.~~ of women. .". ~- ~ 1"",,·) .
Mary Genevieve Gaudron Judith ArundellArundel! Wright ~ (1943-). Won a Gold Medal in (1915·). Poet. She wrote her ~ I .,~ Lawlaw at Sydney University, was family history, edited (I :*' \ New South Wales Solicitor anthologies, published ".~ "'- >~ ~ . General 1987-91, and in 1991 criticismcritimm and campaigned for became the first woman conserving the environment. ~s~~r'\ Justice of the High Court Her 12 volumes of poetry "probe universal human "~-/J .~. ' questIons'·questions" ~V -~-;(~ . Thomas Keneally (1935- ). 'h· Novelist. Wrote The Cham Of f Jimmy B/acksmuhBlacksmuh (1972,(1972. also filmed). His Schindler's Ark Essington Lewis (1881· (1982) won the Booker Prize 1961). Industrialist. He and'wasand·was filmed by Steven became a mining engineer, Spielberg as Schindler's List joined BHPSHP in 1904, became (1993). general manager in 1921, retiring in 1950. Directed Australian munItionsmunitions production and aircraft Helen Garner (1942- ). production during World War Novelist. Wrote Monkey Grip Il.II. He was made a Companion (1977, also filmed),filmed). Chifdren's of Honor Inin 1943. Bach (1984) and Cosmo CosmofinoCosmo/ino (1992). Her book The First Stone (19951(1995) IS a controversial analYSIS of the battle lines In radical Kenneth Baillieu Myer feminism. (1921-1992). Born In San Francisco, the son of Sidney Myer who founded the Melbourne retail giant. A far Christina Stead (1902-1983). sighted philanthropist who Novelist. Lived in Europe and was Whitlam's original choice the United States 1928-74,1928·74, for Governor-General in 1974. Winningwinning international He established the Myer recognition with her scarifying Foundation, chaired the novel The Man Who Loved,Loved. Howard Florey Institute, Children (1940). VICtorian Arts Centre and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
Arvi Hillar Parbo (1926·(1926- ). David Malouf (1934- l.). Engineer, born In Estonia, Novelist and poeLpoet. Born in migrated to Australia In 1949. Brisbane;8risbane; of Lebanese origin. He became a leader Inin Wrote An Imaginary UfeLife Australian mining, chaired (1978),(1978). Harland's Half Acre Western Mining, BHP, Alcoa (1984). The Great World and also the Chase AMP (1990) and Remembering Bank. Knighted In 1978, he Babylon (1993). received an AC 10 1993
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Patrick White (1912-1990).(1912·1990). Peter Singer (1946-(1946- ).). Born InIn london,london, was educated Philosopher. Was professorprofessor alat 11'1111 England. served inin thethe RAF, Monash Ut1IversltyUniverSity fromfrom 1977,1977, returningreturning inIn 1947,1947. The Tree Of gaming InternatIonalInternational Man tt 1953).19S3), Voss (1957)(1957) and recogt1ltionrecognition forfor hishiS works onon The Eye Of The Srorm (1973){l973l bioethics.bioethlcs. His Animal were hailed as masterpIeces.masterpieces. Liberarion (1975)(1975) raisedraised novelnovel He receivedreceived thethe 1973 Nobel ethICal ISSUE'SIssues abOvtabo..,t expiolt\f\gexpioltlng Prize lorfor Literature forfor his and mflICtlngI0fhctlng pain onon amanimal,>.mal'>. "epIc"epIc psychological narrative artar! which has IntroducedIntroduced a new (onttnenllnto(onnnenlinto literature".literature".
Oodgeroo Noonuccal Germaine Greer (1939-).(1939-). (Kath Walker. nee Raska) Born in Melbourne, educated (1920-1993). Poet and at Melbourne, Sydney and (4't:''''-;!?. ""' .ll;bonglnal, Manning Clark (1915-1991l.(1915·1991). Barry Humphries (1934-(1934- )) HistOrianHistorian likeLike Sir KeIthKeith Writer and actor, born InIn Hancock.Hancoc\:., played a vital role Inm Melbourne. He created a seriessenes encouraging Australia's history of powerful, sovagelysavagely satlflcalsatlrlc,,1 as a research and teaching stereotypes, reflecting aspects discipline. HIS six-volume A of Austr"liaAustralia society. (Alan HisroryHistory Of Australia t 1962-87). BennettBennet! is a gentler English generated passionate debate. equivalent.) _"'~':~v Donald Horne (1921· ).l. Robert Helpmann (1909(1909- ~l,. JournallsI,Journalist, editor and 1986). Dancer, choreographer 1, J '...~ '...." \ acaClemlCacaClemlC. Wrote The Lucky and actor. He worked In Counrry (1964) and 20 other Londonlondon with Frederic\(Frederick ;~fiw.'."~ ~ I .. . -.;: . books He argued that Ashton, partnered Margot I '/". , I "Iucky""lucky" elementselem.;-nts In OUfour Fonteyn, acted In the film,>hlm~ I ... ;-.~ . history contributed toto a lacklack The Red Shoes, The Tales Of I of If'tellertualIf'tellertual nerve He Hoffman and Henry V,V. He ~ ,...,. ~:~.I' chaired thethe Aus:rallaAus:ra!la COUf'ClI directed thethe Australian Ballet h "",. 1985-90 1965-76 . 'g. " G> a 1'''1.'''1, j Fred Schepisi (1939- ). Film Arthur Boyd (1920·).(1920-). Painter directordIrector who won and ceramiC artist, born 10In international recognition for Melbourne. He developed an The Devi/'sDevi/,s Playground (1977). individual style with his He also directed Evil Angels landscape and figurative (1988), The Russia House works, many with literary, (1990) and Six Degrees Of biblical or mythological SeparationSepara(lon (1993).(993). themes. He gave a magnificent estate at Bundanon to the nation. Bruce Beresford (1940- ). Brett Whiteley (1939-1992). Film writer and director. His Painter, lithographer, graphic Australian films include The artist, born in Sydney. He was Advenrures Of Barry McKenzie a virtuoso,VirtuosO, whose works could (1971), The Getting Of be savage, sensual and Iynca!.lyrical. Wisdom (1977), and Breaker Morant (1979). while international credits include Black Robe (1990) and Driving MissMIss Daisy (1990). Sidney Nolan (1917-1992). Fred Williams (1927-1982). Painter and myth maker, born PainlerPalnler and graphic artist. He :~'::, In Melbourne. He painted evolved a spare, almost about 35.00035,000 works (even calligraphic, style which :; more than Picasso) and the captured the strangeness and :,{' quality was variable. At his isolation of the Australian best, he was astonishingly landscape. evocative,evocative. notably with his Ned KellyKel/y and GallipofiGal/ipo'i , paintings.palOtings. He received the :I" i""· I>' Order of Ment in 1983. f f" Peter Weir (1944- ). Film Howard Florey (1898-1968) '> director, born in Sydney. He Born in Adelaide.Adelaide, and a directed PIcnicPicnic ArAt Hanging professor at Oxford. He was ~:>;',:': Rock (1975), Ga/fipoliGallipoli (1981), the principalprinCipal developer of ~ Dead PoetsPoers SooerySOCIety (1986) and penICillin,penICillin. receIVing the Nobel . ',:.'; •• Green Card (1990). Pme and Copley Medal PreSIdency of the Royal ~~. 1~:';~\,. ~"""'l Society. Order of MeritMent and a peerage. -.; f> i;~,/"; ·2," r:;;~~;:---,:A . _ [;-:",<.>~jilltraJlan Way .""''''·'Ilf"><·r I"'):, ~~ ...,.',•.... "nnn .. 1l " .;},:} IanIan Clunies Ross (1899·(1899 FredFred Hollows 0930-1993). 1959),1959). A dynamicdynamic veterinaryveterinary New Zealand-bornZealand·born roughrough scientist,scientist, Chairman ofof CSIRO diamonddiamond andand ophthalmologist;ophthalmologist; 1949-1949- 59,59, was anan effectiveeffective worked with Australian publicistpublicist andand lobbyistlobbyist who Aborigines andand inin Somalia and dieddied prematurely.prematurely. (Florey(Florey andand Nepal. AttaJO~dAltamed public hero Clunies Ross appearappear onon ourour statusstatus beforebefore his death SASOSASO notenote fromfrom cancer.cancer. Macfarlane Burnet (1899-(1899 Jean MacNamara (1899-(1899 1985). Born inin Traralgon, An 1968). An outstanding outstanding theoreticiantheoretician inin pioneer of research into Immunology.Immunology. Developed poliomyelitis and also in the "clonal selection" and use of myxomatosis to combat "acquired immunologicalimmunological thethe rabbJ!rabbit plague. tolerance",tolerance". He directed thethe Hall InstituteInstitute forfor Medical Research inin Melbourne 1944-1944 65, receivingreceiving thethe Order of Ment (1958).(1958). Copley Medal (1959)(19S9) and thethe Nobel Prize forfor MediCine (1960).(1960). Gus Nossal (1931-(1931- ).). Adrienne Clarke (1938- ).J. ImmunologiSt,Immunologist. born inin Austria. Professor of Biology at ~--:;~ He succeeded Burnet at the HaJiHall Melbourne. Became ChairCha'ir of .~' Institute, led Australia's most CSIROCSIRQ in 1991 and was an glhedgihed team, indudinginclUding Jacques effectIVe advocate for science, Miller and Don Metcalfe. A and promoting career charismaticchansmatic public spokesman OpportuOl!ieSopportunities for women. on science and President of the Australian Academy of Science from 1994 Frank Fenner (1914·(1914- ). Mark Oliphant {190t-(1901- l.1. Worked with Burnet and won Studied with'With' Ernest Rutherford; the Copley Medal (1995) for worked on the development of his international leadership of the atomiC bomb (which he the campaign to eradicate later campaigned against). Was smallpoxsmallpJx first PreSidentPresident of the Australian Academy of ScienceSCience 1954-57 and Governor of South Australia.Australia, hishiS home state, 1971-76. ':.< ··-i~ G .~ ~ :~~~ 0 0 ,' 1" v John Eccles (1903- l.). Peter Sculthorpe (1929- ). Physiologist; born in Composer. Encouraged by the Melbourne, educated at conductorcondUCtor Bernard Heinze Melbourne High and (1894-1982) and the ABC, he Melbourne University. He was, apart from the expatriate worked in New Zealand and the Percy Grainger, the most US, then retired to Switzerland. performed Australian He won the Nobel Prize for composer. His works include MedicineMediCine in 1963 for his work 11 string quartets, an opera, on the chemical transmission of film scores and Sun MusIC I-IV. signals in the nervous system. Jim Peacock (1937- ). Plant Charles Mackerras (1925-0925· ). ~-~;. geneticist with (SIRO.CSIRO. Was a Conductor. An oboist in the protege of Sir Otto Frankel Sydney Symphony Orchestra (1900- ),). and a leader in who, encouraged by Eugene .. ) ~ ,I . : biotechnological research. Goossens, gainedgarned an . ~ "Gene shears" was developed international reputat'lonreputat"lon as a ~. .; in his Division of Plant conductor in Britain, the US, '" ~ .. .,.~~ .. Industry. Germany and Czechoslovakia. He revived the operas of Leos .."'~-.... Janacek, winning many ~ .' awards for his recordings. Joan Sutherland (1926- ). Don Bradman (1908- ). Soprano, born in Sydney. She Cricketer, born in Bowral. began her international career Regarded as Australia's most Inin London in 1952, married brilliant and consistent the conductor Richard batsman, his record score of Bonynge in 1954 and was 452 runs not out (1930) stood regarded as a phenomenon for more than 60 years until from 1959. Awarded the Brian Lara scored 501 (1994). Order of Merit in 1991, she He was Australia'sAus1falia's Test captain acted in the film revival otof On between 1936-49, receiving a ,JP"M·.JI. OurOUf Selection (199S).(l99S). knighthood in 1949 and an AC in 1979. Jennie George (1947·(1947-).l. Trade Hubert Opperman (1904.).(1904-). unionist, born 'In Italy to Russian Cyclist and politician, born in Je'WlshJewish refugees. She became a Victoria. "Oppy" was Australian teacher and President atof the New cycling'S road champion from South Wales Teachers Federation 1924 and won international 1986-89. The first 1NQmanwoman on the competitions in 1928 and 1931. ACTU Executive (1983), she He was a Liberal MP 1949-67, a became Vice President (1987), Minister. High Commissioner to Assistant Secretary (l991)(1991) and Malta and a knight.knJght. Piesident-elect (1995). "'strillia., Way NllVt'mlwr 19 ....:...... ; ..,..... • "C' .1, DawnDawn FraserFraser (1937·(1937- ),). DouglasDouglas MawsonMawson (1882(1882- Swimmer.Swimmer. SheShe wonwon GoldGold 1958).1958). GeologistGeologist andand MedalsMedals atat thethe OlympicsOlympics inin AntarcticAntarctic explorer,explorer, bornborn inin 1956.1956. 19601960 andand 1964,1964, Yorkshire.Yorkshire. ProfessorProfessor ofof becamebecame aacoach, coach, aa pubhcanpubhcan inin geologygeology atat AdelaIdeAdelaide 1921·52.1921-52. BalmainBalmain andand anan independentindependent HeHe ledled twotwo majormajor expeditionsexpeditions MPMP inin thethe NewNew SouthSouth WalesWales toto AntarcticaAntarctica 1911.14;1911-14; ParliamentParliament 1988-91.1988-91. AA 1929-31,1929-31, enduringenduring paSSionatepassionate non-conformist.non-conformist, extraordinaryextraordinary hardship,hardship. HeHe sheshe brokebroke 4040 worldworld records.records. appearsappears onon thethe SASA1 10000 note.note. JohnJohn MonashMonash (1865·1931)(1865-1931) PhillipPhillip GarthGarth lawlaw (1912-).(1912-). SoldierSoldier andand administrator;administrator: ledled Explorer,Explorer, administratoradministrator andand AustralianAustralian troopstroops atat GallipoliGallipoli physicist.physicist. DirectedDirected thethe andand inin thethe WesternWestern Front.Front. AustralianAustralian NationalNational AntarcticAntarctic AfterAfter 19201920 hehe resumedresumed ResearchResearch ExpeditionsExpeditions 19491949- practicepractice asas anan engineer,engineer, 66.66. He establishedestabliShed thethe chairedchaired thethe Victorian StateState Mawson, Davis andand CaseyCasey Electricity Commission 19211921- stations,stations, exploredexplored 45004500 31,31, andand was Vice-Chancellor kilometreskilometres ofof coastcoast andand wrotewrote ofof Melbourne UniversityUnlversity 1923·1923- Antarctic Odyssey (1983)(1983) 31.31. Monash University was named inin his honor (1959).(1959). , , "" Thomas Albert Btamey Harry Seidler (1923-(1923- ).). (1884-1951).(1884-1951). Australia's only Architect. Born inIn Vienna. , . . . , .' "'.,..-•...... field marshal. A schoolteacher trained in Canada and Brazil, ..... ~ field marshal. A schoolteacher trained in Canada and Brazil, \ /'" ''''' .. -' ~,.... from Wagga. he worked with worked in Sydney fromfrom 1949. ., . . :".1< . _;.~" Monash in World War I and He brought the Bauhaus had a dodgy reputation as 'tradition·tradition to Australia. His 'i:~,-), :I~- .' Vidoria's police chief 1925-36. buildings include thethe ~ti~"~. His fellow generals disliked Australian Embassy, Paris. "t .. him but he had a powerful .~:;;e~ ".~" mind, and, as Commander-in ....;~.,. '. "'~" J Chief of Allied Military Forces " J in the South West Pacific 1942-45,1942·45, worked closely with Curtin and MacArthur. Edward 'Weary''Weary' Dunlop John Andrews (1933- ). ~~'-_. (1907 -1993).-1993). Surgeon. He Studied at Harvard, worked in .:: i .. , acquired heroic status forfor hiShis Toronto, returningreturning to Sydney in t· "~:!It " '; leadershipleadership of Australian 1972. His CN Tower In Toronto I;t , pnsonersprisoners of war held by thethe isis Canada's tallesttallest strudure. He ~t~ JapaneseJapanese inin JavaJava andand thethe des!gnedeSigned d many IIOstltutlonal nstltutlonal Thailand-BurmaThailand-Burma railway.railway, His War andand universityuniversity bUildingsbUildings inin thethe "~" ... '-'I.'~..' US, Canada and Australia and ... Diaries (1986)(1986) were memorable. US, Canada and Australia and He was knightedknighted (1969)(1969) andand was anan advocate-advocate forfor better ;,t:·, 1)'i.• ~. • receivedreceived anan ACAC (1987).(19B7). designdesign standardS.standards. :.~~:- ,. ..