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The Bioactive Compounds in Agricultural Products and Their Roles in Health Promoting Functions
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2015 The ioB active Compounds in Agricultural Products and Their Roles in Health Promoting Functions Yixiao Shen Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Shen, Yixiao, "The ioB active Compounds in Agricultural Products and Their Roles in Health Promoting Functions" (2015). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2791. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2791 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR ROLES IN HEALTH PROMOTING FUNCTIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Nutrition and Food Sciences by Yixiao Shen B.S., Shenyang Agricultural University, 2010 M.S., Shenyang Agricultural University, 2012 December 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is a lively description of my whole Ph.D. life which is full of love from the ones who played an integral role in the completion of this degree. It is with my deepest gratitude to express my appreciation to those helping me realize my dream. To Dr. Zhimin Xu, thank you so much for offering me the opportunity to pursue my doctoral degree under your mentorship. -
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93)
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Odedra, Nathabhai K., 2009, “Ethnobotany of Maher Tribe In Porbandar District, Gujarat, India”, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/604 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author ETHNOBOTANY OF MAHER TRIBE IN PORBANDAR DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA A thesis submitted to the SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment for the requirement For the degree of DDDoDoooccccttttoooorrrr ooofofff PPPhPhhhiiiilllloooossssoooopppphhhhyyyy In BBBoBooottttaaaannnnyyyy In faculty of science By NATHABHAI K. ODEDRA Under Supervision of Dr. B. A. JADEJA Lecturer Department of Botany M D Science College, Porbandar - 360575 January + 2009 ETHNOBOTANY OF MAHER TRIBE IN PORBANDAR DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA A thesis submitted to the SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment for the requirement For the degree of DDooooccccttttoooorrrr ooofofff PPPhPhhhiiiilllloooossssoooopppphhhhyyyy In BBoooottttaaaannnnyyyy In faculty of science By NATHABHAI K. ODEDRA Under Supervision of Dr. B. A. JADEJA Lecturer Department of Botany M D Science College, Porbandar - 360575 January + 2009 College Code. -
Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies
Molecules 2010, 15, 7985-8005; doi:10.3390/molecules15117985 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies Shahriar Khadem * and Robin J. Marles Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-954-7526; Fax: +1-613-954-1617. Received: 19 October 2010; in revised form: 3 November 2010 / Accepted: 4 November 2010 / Published: 8 November 2010 Abstract: Among the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenolic acids, at least 30 hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids have been reported in the last 10 years to have biological activities. The chemical structures, natural occurrence throughout the plant, algal, bacterial, fungal and animal kingdoms, and recently described bioactivities of these phenolic and polyphenolic acids are reviewed to illustrate their wide distribution, biological and ecological importance, and potential as new leads for the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural products to improve human health and nutrition. Keywords: polyphenols; phenolic acids; hydroxybenzoic acids; natural occurrence; bioactivities 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds exist in most plant tissues as secondary metabolites, i.e. they are not essential for growth, development or reproduction but may play roles as antioxidants and in interactions between the plant and its biological environment. Phenolics are also important components of the human diet due to their potential antioxidant activity [1], their capacity to diminish oxidative stress- induced tissue damage resulted from chronic diseases [2], and their potentially important properties such as anticancer activities [3-5]. -
NINDS Custom Collection II
ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC -
Xanthones. Part I V.* a New Synthesis of Hydroxyxanthones and Hydrozybenzophenones
3982 Grover, Shah, agad Shah : Xanthones. Part I V.* A New Synthesis of Hydroxyxanthones and Hydrozybenzophenones. By P. I<. GROVER,G. D. SHAH,and R. C. SHAH. [Reprint Order No. 6470.1 Hydroxy-santhones and -benzophenones are conveniently obtained from hydroxybenzoic acids and phenols in presence of zinc chloride and phosphorus oxychloride. DISTILLATIONof a mixture of a phenol, a phenolic acid, and acetic anhydride is the earliest and simplest method for the synthesis of hydroxyxanthones (Michael, Amer. Chsm. J., 1883, 5, 81; Kostanecki and his co-workers, Ber., 1891, 24, 1896, 3981, etc.; Lund, Robertson, and Whalley, J., 1953, 2438), but yields are often poor, experimental conditions are rather drastic, and there is a possibility of decarboxylation, autocondensation, and other side reactions (Lespegnol, Bertrand, and Dupas, BUZZ. SOC.chim. France, 1939, 6, 1925; Lund et aZ., Zoc. cit.). There are numerous other routes, but none is of general application and some require uncommon starting materials or involve a number of steps. In continuation of the work on naturally occurring xanthones (J. Indian Chem. SOC., 1953,30,457,463; J. Sci. Id.Res., India, 1954,13, B, 175; 1955,14, B, 153) the known methods for the synthesis of 1 : 3 : 7 : 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone or its tetramethyl ether * Part 111, J. Sci. Ind. Res., India, 1954, 13, B, 175. [ 19551 Xanthones. Part IV. 3953 were found unsuitable. Condensation under mild conditions of a phenolcarboxylic acid with a reactive phenol in presence of condensing agents such as anhydrous aluminium chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphoric oxide, or sulphuric acid was not promising ; but a mixture of phosphorus oxychloride and fused zinc chloride, which had previously been found effective for the preparation of 2 : 4dihydroxybenzophenone (Shah and Mehta, J. -
A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume. 1 Issue. 3, PP 57-60 www.iosrjournals.org A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health Nisreen Husain1, Sunita Gupta2 1 (Department of Zoology, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girls’ PG. College, Durg (C.G.) 491001,India) email - [email protected] 2 (Department of Chemistry, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girls’ PG. College, Durg (C.G.) 491001,India) email - [email protected] Abstract: Phytochemicals are the secondary metabolites synthesized in different parts of the plants. They have the remarkable ability to influence various body processes and functions. So they are taken in the form of food supplements, tonics, dietary plants and medicines. Such natural products of the plants attribute to their therapeutic and medicinal values. Phenolic compounds are the most important group of bioactive constituents of the medicinal plants and human diet. Some of the important ones are simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenyl-propanoids. They act as antioxidants and free radical scavengers, and hence function to decrease oxidative stress and their harmful effects. Thus, phenols help in prevention and control of many dreadful diseases and early ageing. Phenols are also responsible for anti-inflammatory, anti-biotic and anti- septic properties. The unique molecular structure of these phytochemicals, with specific position of hydroxyl groups, owes to their powerful bioactivities. The present work reviews the critical study on the chemistry, distribution and role of some phenolic compounds in promoting health-benefits. -
Hydroxybenzoic Acid Isomers and the Cardiovascular System Bernhard HJ Juurlink1,2, Haya J Azouz1, Alaa MZ Aldalati1, Basmah MH Altinawi1 and Paul Ganguly1,3*
Juurlink et al. Nutrition Journal 2014, 13:63 http://www.nutritionj.com/content/13/1/63 REVIEW Open Access Hydroxybenzoic acid isomers and the cardiovascular system Bernhard HJ Juurlink1,2, Haya J Azouz1, Alaa MZ Aldalati1, Basmah MH AlTinawi1 and Paul Ganguly1,3* Abstract Today we are beginning to understand how phytochemicals can influence metabolism, cellular signaling and gene expression. The hydroxybenzoic acids are related to salicylic acid and salicin, the first compounds isolated that have a pharmacological activity. In this review we examine how a number of hydroxyphenolics have the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular problems related to aging such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. The compounds focused upon include 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Pyrocatechuic acid), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Gentisic acid), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (α-Resorcylic acid) and 3-monohydroxybenzoic acid. The latter two compounds activate the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors with a consequence there is a reduction in adipocyte lipolysis with potential improvements of blood lipid profiles. Several of the other compounds can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway that increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing oxidative stress and associated problems such as endothelial dysfunction that leads to hypertension as well as decreasing generalized inflammation that can lead to problems such as atherosclerosis. It has been known for many years that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables promotes health. We are beginning to understand how specific phytochemicals are responsible for such therapeutic effects. Hippocrates’ dictum of ‘Let food be your medicine and medicine your food’ can now be experimentally tested and the results of such experiments will enhance the ability of nutritionists to devise specific health-promoting diets. -
Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1
2015 Dietary Supplements Compendium DSC Volume 1 General Notices and Requirements USP–NF General Chapters USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs USP–NF Excipient Monographs FCC General Provisions FCC Monographs FCC Identity Standards FCC Appendices Reagents, Indicators, and Solutions Reference Tables DSC217M_DSCVol1_Title_2015-01_V3.indd 1 2/2/15 12:18 PM 2 Notice and Warning Concerning U.S. Patent or Trademark Rights The inclusion in the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium of a monograph on any dietary supplement in respect to which patent or trademark rights may exist shall not be deemed, and is not intended as, a grant of, or authority to exercise, any right or privilege protected by such patent or trademark. All such rights and privileges are vested in the patent or trademark owner, and no other person may exercise the same without express permission, authority, or license secured from such patent or trademark owner. Concerning Use of the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Attention is called to the fact that USP Dietary Supplements Compendium text is fully copyrighted. Authors and others wishing to use portions of the text should request permission to do so from the Legal Department of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Copyright © 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention ISBN: 978-1-936424-41-2 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 All rights reserved. DSC Contents iii Contents USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1 Volume 2 Members . v. Preface . v Mission and Preface . 1 Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations . 1. General Notices and Requirements . 9 USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program . .205 USP–NF General Chapters . 25 Dietary Supplements Regulatory USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs . -
Evaluation of Anticancer Activities of Phenolic Compounds In
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN BLUEBERRIES AND MUSCADINE GRAPES by WEIGUANG YI (Under the Direction of CASIMIR C. AKOH) ABSTRACT Research has shown that diets rich in phenolic compounds may be associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases including cancer. This study systematically evaluated the bioactivities of phenolic compounds in blueberries and muscadine grapes, and assessed their potential cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction effects using two colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2), and one liver cancer cell line (HepG2). In addition, the absorption of blueberry anthocyanin extracts was evaluated using Caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers. Polyphenols in three blueberry cultivars (Briteblue, Tifblue and Powderblue), and four cultivars of muscadine (Carlos, Ison, Noble, and Supreme) were extracted and freeze dried. The extracts were further separated into phenolic acids, tannins, flavonols, and anthocyanins using a HLB cartridge and LH20 column. In both blueberries and muscadine grapes, some individual phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified by HPLC with more than 90% purity in anthocyanin fractions. The dried extracts and fractions were added to the cell culture medium to test for cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Polyphenols from both blueberries and muscadine grapes had significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. The phenolic acid fraction showed relatively lower bioactivities with 50% inhibition at 0.5-3 µg/mL. The intermediate bioactivities were observed in the flavonol and tannin fractions. The greatest inhibitory effect among all four fractions was from the anthocyanin fractions in the three cell lines. Cell growth was significantly inhibited more than 50% by the anthocyanin fractions at concentrations of 15-300 µg/mL. -
Polyphenol Content and Essential Oil Composition of Sweet Basil Cultured in a Plant Factory with Light-Emitting Diodes
RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20200057 Polyphenol Content and Essential Oil Composition of Sweet Basil Cultured in a Plant Factory with Light-Emitting Diodes Tae-Eui Song1†, Joon-Kwan Moon2†, and Chang Hee Lee1,3* 1Departmentof Horticulture Life Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea 2Department of Plant Life and Environmental Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea 3Research Institute of International Agriculture, Technology, and Information, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea *Corresponding author: [email protected] †These authors contributed equally to the work. Abstract This study was conducted to determine the most suitable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for enhancing Received: February 21, 2019 the growth characteristics, polyphenolic compounds, and essential oils in sweet basil (Ocimum Revised: May 29, 2020 basilicum L.) cultured in a plant factory. There were four LED combinations using three colors Accepted: June 27, 2020 [Blue (B):Red (R):White (W) ratio = 0:1:9, 0:1:12, 0:5:5, and 2:3:5). The environmental conditions in the plant factory were maintained at 22.5 ± 2.5°C and 80 ± 5% relative humidity. Sweet basil OPEN ACCESS plants were grown in the plant factory at 3 weeks after sowing. The four combinations of LED light sources exerted a significant effect on total fresh weight (FW), shoot FW, and root FW but no effect HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY on plant height and number of leaves. The B0:R5:W5 treatment resulted in the largest increases in 38(5):620-630, 2020 both total FW and shoot FW. Both plant height and number of leaves did not change significantly URL: http://www.hst-j.org with LED treatments but showed the best average growth using B0:R5:W5. -
Total Phenolic Contents and Phenolic Acid Constituents in 4 Varieties Of
JFS C: Food Chemistry and Toxicology Total Phenolic Contents and Phenolic Acid Constituents in 4 Varieties of Bitter Melons (Momordica charantia) and Antioxidant Activities of their Extracts RONNY HORAX, NAVAM HETTIARACHCHY, AND SHAHIDUL ISLAM ABSTRACT: Four varieties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia), India green (IG), India white (IW), China green (CG), and China white (CW) were analyzed for total phenolics, phenolic acid constituents, and antioxidant activities of their methanolic extracts. Phenolic contents of the oven-dried and freeze-dried tissues ranged from 5.39 to 8.94 and 4.64 to 8.90 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/g on dry weight basis, respectively. Phenolic contents of bitter melon seed, inner tissues, and flesh ranged from 4.67 to 8.02, 4.64 to 8.94, and 5.36 to 8.90 mg CAE/g, respectively. The total phenolic contents of IG, IW, CG, and CW were 4.64 to 6.84, 6.03 to 8.94, 5.39 to 7.81, and 6.07 to 8.90 mg CAE/g, respectively. The main phenolic acids in flesh were gallic acid, gentisic acid, catechin, C: Food Chemistry & Toxicology chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, which ranged from 8.04 to 39.76, 16.99 to 32.39, 23.06 to 82.45, 4.55 to 15.83, and 16.14 to 44.28 mg/100 g on dry weight basis, respectively, while in inner tissues were gallic acid, gentisic acid, catechin, and epicatechin, which ranged from 2.57 to 18.05, 5.39 to 32.61, 13.54 to 39.74, and 2.96 to 40.91 mg/ 100 g, respectively. -
Thesis for Printing
Chemistry of Hydroxycinnamate Esters and their Role as Precursors to Dekkera Produced Off-flavour in Wine A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Josh L. Hixson BTech (Forens&AnalytChem), BSc (Hons) School of Agriculture, Food and Wine March 2012 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ iv Declaration ......................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... viii Publications and Symposia ................................................................................................ xi Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... xiii Figures, Schemes and Tables ........................................................................................... xvi Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis ............................................................................... 1 1.3 Volatile Phenols ..............................................................................................................