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The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System with Rotary Kiln

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The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System with Rotary Kiln 11/12/2012 The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System with Rotary Kiln K. Sasauchi Environmental & Biomass Engineering Dept. R&D Center Chugai Ro Co., Ltd. 1 The kind of forms of renewable energy Method Energy form Wind Power Electric Hydro Power Electric PV Electric Geothermal power Electric Electric・Heat・Liquid/Solid Biomass fuel ・Chemicals Biomass can be changed not only electric but also many kind of forms 2 Contents We provide: Background in Japan Motivation of development Current situation of Biomass gasifire in Japan Our developing Rotary Kiln type gasifier Applied for rubble of earthquake disaster Conclusion 3 Background Biomass resources are widely dispersed, so it costs a lot to collect a large amount of biomass Small-scale gasification system is desirable for on-site use. Downdraft gasifiers are often used for small-scale in Europe. It is compact and product gas contains little amount of tar. But it needs uniform size of biomass for successful operation and cannot treat unutiized biomass (bark, bamboo, grass). 4 Wood chip for DownDraft Gasifire Scraps from Lumber Regular size with dry Paper company is using for pulp in Japan EUR80 / ton 5 Motivation In Japan, there is currently a strong demand for fuel flexible gasifiers, that are able to convert biomass difficult to treat (bark, bamboo, grass etc.). bark bamboo grass We started the development of Rotary Kiln gasifier supported by NEDO project in 2003 6 Current situation of biomass gasification plant for electrical generation in Japan 300kW Downdraft (2010) ＴSK 180kW Rotary Kiln (2013) ChugaiRo 2000kW Updraft (2008) JFEE Foreign License 175kW Downdraft (2006) ＫＨＩ 3000kW (2014) JBEC 180kW Rotary Kiln (2006) ChugaiRo 35kWDowndraft (2010) Yanmer 250kW EB (2011) MAFF 330kW Rotary Koln (2012) ChugaiRo 2000kW Updraft (2007) JFEE 130kW Downdraft (2005) ＴＳＫ ＫＨＩ 150kW CFB (2007) 175kW Downdraft (2009) ＫＨＩ 7 Fixed bed type Direct Gasifiers Updraft Type Gasifier Downdraft Type Gasifier Biomass Biomass Thermal decomposition gas +tar Reduced zone Air Combustion Air Air Combustion Air Zone Zone Reduced zone Thermal decomposition gas +tar Carbide Carbide 8 Demonstration Plant of Stirling Engine Aichi Energy Park Owner：Chubu Electric Power Co. Constructor：ChugaiRo OutPut Power：30kW Eff:25% Fuel ：Wood chip Type of Furnace：Direct fired Circulation Combustion Heat Exchanger Stirling Engine from DTU Overview of Plant 9 間接式木質バイオマスガス発生の原理System of Indirect woody biomass gasification Test試験管 tube Woody木質ﾊﾞｲｵﾏｽ biomass Combustible 可燃性ガス Gas External アルコールランプ Heat Source 10 Gasifier with externally heating kiln Biomass Thermal decomposition gas +tar Char/Ash Hot Air Burning char Ash 11 ●External heating type multi-chamber rotary kiln 12 System of Gasification Indirect gasification Woody Chip Hot Gas Product gas Oxygen Reforming Gas Thermal decomposition Steam Combustible Combustible Shift reaction Gas Reformer Gas + Tar Removing tar by high temperature (1100℃) Residuals（Char +Ash） Gasifier：External heating kiln 860℃ 200℃ Thermal decomposition Shift reaction 約1.5h 13 Great East Japan Earthquake In Minamisanriku Town Miyagi 612 people were dead 226 people are missing 3316 houses were destroyed The generated amount of rubble in this disaster is 1.8 million tons Town hall Feb.2012 Foundation of the house14 Gasification and Co-generation Plant in Minamisannriku Miyagi Pref. Japan Input of Biomass： 830 kg/h（50% moisture content） 20 t/day Generation Capacity： 330kW efficiency 18% Hot water production： 1980MJ/h［550kW］ efficiency 30% Operation Started： Sep. 2012 15 Waste Waste Temporary Gasifire incinerator storage of waste Overview of disaster waste treatment plant in Minamisanriku 16 Metal in the rubble Biomass selected from the rubble 17 Property of chips for materials Unit Measurement Values from Moisture wet% 64 technical analysis content Volatile matter dry% 83.5 Fixed carbon dry% 13.2 Ash dry% 0.3 Values from C dry% 46 elemental analysis H dry% 6.1 N dry% 0.2 O dry% 46 T-S dry% 0.22 T-Cl dry% 0.39 Na mg/kg- 360 dry K mg/kg- 1500 dry Higher calorific value J/g 19200 18 Schematic Flow Diagram Vent Gas Reformer Flare Stuck Dryer Oxygen Gas Holder Vent Storage Filter 140m3 Gasifier Gas Cooler Char Water Tank Receiving Hopper Drain Gas Engine Generator Heat Exchanger Metal or Others Hot Gas F’ce 19 Differential in the composition of the produced gas Gasification at 850℃ Gasification at 700℃ H2: 48% H2: 28% CO: 26% CO: 30% CO2: 17% CO2: 25% CH4: 8% CH4: 13% LCV 2,615 kcal/m3N LCV 3,233 kcal/m3N 40℃ or less 40℃ or less Relative humidity 80％ Relative humidity 80％ or less or less 20 Result of Gasification Test Water Water 20% 20% Gas Gas 99% 85% Solid 860℃ Solid 700℃ （Continuous） （Continuous） 80% 80% Residual Residual 1% 15% Material Producer Material Producer （Wood Chip） （Wood Chip） 21 Result of Gasification Test Outlet of Outlet of gasifier Refromer Gas volume wet m3N/h 348 269 dry m3N/h 116 130 Gas temperature oC 650 474 Moisture content vol% 66.7 51.7 Gas components CO2 vol% 20 31 CO vol% 31 25 H2 vol% 30 36 CH4 vol% 13.6 7.4 C2H4 vol% 3.1 0.2 C2H6 vol% 0.3 <0.1 C3H8 vol% <0.1 <0.1 Calorific value (lower) MJ/m3 13.9 9.8 N 22 Calorific value of the gas (MJ/m3N) 10 12 Change in calorific the value of 2 4 6 8 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 Change of Calorific and volume Calorificof Change gas with time Gas volume (m3/h) 100 150 200 250 50 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 Change in gasthe volume volume with time Time (minutes)Time (minutes) Time (minutes)Time 23 Thermal reforming of tar Measured at the exit of reforming unit Time 10:09 10:31 11:02 11:42 12:22 13:05 Reforming temp.(℃) 715 867 1079 1227 1192 1200< Oxygen (m3N/h) 7 8.77 9.02 14.14 14.39 14.36 Tar in alcohol solvent 24 Middle Gas Engine for generator Type MAN Cylinder V12 Displacement 19L Power 350kW at Natural Gas 180kW at Pyrolysis Gas Compression ratio 11 25 Small Gas Engine for generator Type 2GR-FE(Toyota) Cylinder V6 Displacement 3.456L Power 30kW at Pyrolysis Gas Compression ratio 10.8 HARRIER(TOYOTA) We try to use car engine for power generation26 Connect to diesel generator 180kW Gasification Plant 30kW×5 500kW Diesel To other plant 27 Conclusion 1. Rotary kiln gasifire system is effective for gasification of biomass of irregular size 2. Tar can be removed completely by thermal reforming 3. Biomass power generation is not able to follow the electrical load variation, but it may be based by the generator connected to the emergency power system, even in no grid such as disaster area 4. A motor vehicle engine can be used for biomass power generation 28.
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