The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System with Rotary Kiln

Home , Gas holder

11/12/2012

K. Sasauchi Environmental & Biomass Engineering Dept. R&D Center Chugai Ro Co., Ltd.

1 The kind of forms of renewable energy

Method Energy form

Wind Power Electric

Hydro Power Electric

PV Electric

Geothermal power Electric Electric・Heat・Liquid/Solid Biomass fuel ・Chemicals

Biomass can be changed not only electric but also many kind of forms 2 Contents We provide: Background in Japan Motivation of development Current situation of Biomass gasifire in Japan Our developing Rotary Kiln type gasifier Applied for rubble of earthquake disaster Conclusion

3 Background Biomass resources are widely dispersed, so it costs a lot to collect a large amount of biomass

Small-scale gasification system is desirable for on-site use.

Downdraft gasifiers are often used for small-scale in Europe. It is compact and product gas contains little amount of tar. But it needs uniform size of biomass for successful operation and cannot treat unutiized biomass (bark, bamboo, grass).

4 Wood chip for DownDraft Gasifire

Scraps from Lumber Regular size with dry Paper company is using for pulp in Japan

EUR80 / ton

5 Motivation

In Japan, there is currently a strong demand for fuel flexible gasifiers, that are able to convert biomass difficult to treat (bark, bamboo, grass etc.).

bark bamboo grass We started the development of Rotary Kiln gasifier supported by NEDO project in 2003

6 Current situation of biomass gasification plant for electrical generation in Japan

300kW Downdraft (2010) ＴSK

180kW Rotary Kiln (2013) ChugaiRo

2000kW Updraft (2008) JFEE Foreign License 175kW Downdraft (2006) ＫＨＩ 3000kW (2014) JBEC

180kW Rotary Kiln (2006) ChugaiRo 35kWDowndraft (2010) Yanmer 250kW EB (2011) MAFF 330kW Rotary Koln (2012) ChugaiRo

2000kW Updraft (2007) JFEE

130kW Downdraft (2005) ＴＳＫ

ＫＨＩ 150kW CFB (2007) 175kW Downdraft (2009) ＫＨＩ 7 Fixed bed type Direct Gasifiers

Updraft Type Gasifier Downdraft Type Gasifier

Biomass Biomass

Thermal decomposition gas +tar

Reduced zone Air Combustion Air Air Combustion Air Zone Zone Reduced zone Thermal decomposition gas +tar

Carbide Carbide

8 Demonstration Plant of Stirling Engine

Aichi Energy Park Owner：Chubu Electric Power Co. Constructor：ChugaiRo OutPut Power：30kW Eff:25% Fuel ：Wood chip Type of Furnace：Direct fired Circulation Combustion

Heat Exchanger

Stirling Engine from DTU Overview of Plant

間接式木質バイオマスガス発生の原理System of Indirect woody biomass gasification

Test試験管 tube

Woody木質ﾊﾞｲｵﾏｽ biomass

Combustible 可燃性ガス Gas

External アルコールランプ Heat Source

10 Gasifier with externally heating kiln

Biomass

Thermal decomposition gas +tar

Char/Ash Hot Air

Burning char

Ash

11 ●External heating type multi-chamber rotary kiln

12 System of Gasification Indirect gasification Woody Chip

Hot Gas Product gas Oxygen Reforming Gas

Thermal decomposition Steam Combustible Combustible Shift reaction Gas Reformer Gas +

Tar Removing tar by high temperature (1100℃) Residuals（Char +Ash） Gasifier：External heating kiln

860℃

200℃ Thermal decomposition Shift reaction

約1.5h 13 Great East Japan Earthquake In Minamisanriku Town Miyagi

612 people were dead 226 people are missing 3316 houses were destroyed

The generated amount of rubble in this disaster is 1.8 million tons

Town hall Feb.2012 Foundation of the house14 Gasification and Co-generation Plant in Minamisannriku Miyagi Pref. Japan

Input of Biomass： 830 kg/h（50% moisture content） 20 t/day Generation Capacity： 330kW efficiency 18%

Hot water production： 1980MJ/h［550kW］ efficiency 30%

Operation Started： Sep. 2012 15 Waste Waste Temporary Gasifire incinerator storage of waste

Overview of disaster waste treatment plant in Minamisanriku 16 Metal in the rubble

Biomass selected from the rubble

17 Property of chips for materials

Unit Measurement

Values from Moisture wet% 64 technical analysis content Volatile matter dry% 83.5 Fixed carbon dry% 13.2 Ash dry% 0.3 Values from C dry% 46 elemental analysis H dry% 6.1 N dry% 0.2 O dry% 46 T-S dry% 0.22 T-Cl dry% 0.39 Na mg/kg- 360 dry K mg/kg- 1500 dry Higher calorific value J/g 19200

18 Schematic Flow Diagram

Vent

Gas Reformer Flare Stuck

Dryer Oxygen Gas Holder Vent Storage Filter 140m3 Gasifier

Gas Cooler

Char Water Tank Receiving Hopper

Drain Gas Engine Generator Heat Exchanger Metal or Others Hot Gas F’ce

19 Differential in the composition of the produced gas

Gasification at 850℃ Gasification at 700℃

H2: 48% H2: 28% CO: 26% CO: 30%

CO2: 17% CO2: 25%

CH4: 8% CH4: 13% LCV 2,615 kcal/m3N LCV 3,233 kcal/m3N 40℃ or less 40℃ or less Relative humidity 80％ Relative humidity 80％ or less or less

20 Result of Gasification Test

Water Water 20% 20%

Gas Gas

99% 85%

Solid 860℃ Solid 700℃ （Continuous）（Continuous） 80% 80%

Residual Residual 1% 15%

Material Producer Material Producer （Wood Chip）（Wood Chip）

21 Result of Gasification Test

Outlet of Outlet of gasifier Refromer Gas volume wet m3N/h 348 269 dry m3N/h 116 130

Gas temperature oC 650 474 Moisture content vol% 66.7 51.7

Gas components CO2 vol% 20 31 CO vol% 31 25

H2 vol% 30 36

CH4 vol% 13.6 7.4

C2H4 vol% 3.1 0.2

C2H6 vol% 0.3 <0.1

C3H8 vol% <0.1 <0.1 Calorific value (lower) MJ/m3 13.9 9.8 N

22 Change of Calorific and volume

) e 12 250 h h / t 3

) 10 f 200 m o N

8 ( 3 150 e e m

u 6 / l m

J 100 a 4 u v l M

( 50 o c 2 i v f s i 0 0 r a s o g a l 0 30 60 90 120 150 0 30 60 90 120 150 a G G

C (minutes) Time (minutes)Time Change in the calorific value of Change in the gas gas with time volume with time

23 Thermal reforming of tar Measured at the exit of reforming unit Time 10:09 10:31 11:02 11:42 12:22 13:05 Reforming temp.(℃) 715 867 1079 1227 1192 1200< Oxygen (m3N/h) 7 8.77 9.02 14.14 14.39 14.36

Tar in alcohol solvent 24 Middle Gas Engine for generator

Type MAN Cylinder V12 Displacement 19L Power 350kW at Natural Gas 180kW at Pyrolysis Gas Compression ratio 11

25 Small Gas Engine for generator

Type 2GR-FE(Toyota) Cylinder V6 Displacement 3.456L Power 30kW at Pyrolysis Gas Compression ratio 10.8 HARRIER(TOYOTA)

We try to use car engine for power generation26 Connect to diesel generator 180kW Gasification Plant

30kW×5

500kW Diesel

To other plant

27 Conclusion

1. Rotary kiln gasifire system is effective for gasification of biomass of irregular size 2. Tar can be removed completely by thermal reforming 3. Biomass power generation is not able to follow the electrical load variation, but it may be based by the generator connected to the emergency power system, even in no grid such as disaster area 4. A motor vehicle engine can be used for biomass power generation